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1
Ortega, Jessica. "Pestilence and prayer saints and the art of the plague in italy from 1370 - 1600." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/594.
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Stemming from a lack of scholarship on minor plague saints, this study focuses on the saints that were invoked against the plague but did not receive the honorary title of plague patron. Patron saints are believed to transcend geographic limitations and are charged as the sole reliever of a human aliment or worry. Modern scholarship focuses on St. Sebastian and St. Roch, the two universal plague saints, but neglects other important saints invoked during the late Medieval and early Renaissance periods. After analyzing the reasons why St. Sebastian and St. Roch became the primary plague saints I noticed that other "minor" saints fell directly in line with the particular plague associations of either Sebastian or Roch. I categorized these saints as "second-tier" saints. This categorization, however, did not cover all the saints that periodically reoccurred in plague-themed artwork, I grouped them into one more category: the "third-tier" plague saints. This tier encompasses the saints that were invoked against the plague but do not have a direct association to the arrow and healing patterns seen in Sts. Sebastian and Roch iconographies. This thesis is highly interdisciplinary; literature, art, and history accounts were all used to determine plague saint status and grouping, but art was my foundation. I examined important works of art directly associated with the plague and noted which saints appeared multiple times. The results from that assessment spurred further hagiographic and literary study. It was clear that these saints had multivarient connections to the plague. This study into the lives of the saints reaffirms their placement in the artistic and religious history of the pestilential epidemic of the Medieval and early Renaissance periods.<br>B.A.<br>Bachelors<br>Arts and Humanities<br>Art History
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May, Madeline Adele. "The Passion of the Plague: The Representation of Suffering and Salvation in Art and Literature." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1619453120236161.
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Zimmerman, Kira. "Killing Time: Historical Narrative and the Black Death in Western Europe." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1558195405847581.
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Rickel, Rachel D. "The Black Death and Giovanni Bocaccio's The Decameron's Portrayal of Merchant Mentality." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1467369515.
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Ruhaak, R. E. "The development of vulnerability and resiliency to the Plague : from the 'Big Bang' of Yersinia pestis, Black Death and the continued geographic expansion of the zoonotic outbreaks to the present." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3027596/.
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Muckart, Heather Diane. "The face of death : prints, personifications and the great plague of London." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5103.
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This thesis examines a mass-produced broadsheet printed during the Great Plague of London (1664-1666), which unites the textual modes of poetry and medical prescription with imagery and statistical tabulation, titled Londons Lord Have Mercy Upon Us. The central woodcut on the broadsheet presents a view of London as a bounded expansion, and relegates the images of death, particularly registered in the personification of Death, to the outskirts of the city. This visual separation of the city from the plague sick (and the plague dead) is most profoundly registered on the border of the broadsheet, which is adorned with momento mori imagery. The ordered presentation of the plague city is likewise established in the mortality tabulations on the sheet. These tabulations, which were culled from the contemporaneous London Bills of Mortality, make visible the extent of the disease in the city, while simultaneously linking the plague to the poor London suburbs. Of particular interest are the representation of faces on the broadsheet – the face of the dead, the face of Death and the face of the city – and how these images relate to the plague orders imposed on the city population by the Corporation of London. These orders sought medically and legally to contain, and spatially to control, the larger social body of London through enacting a kind of erasure upon the identities of the sick and dead. These erasures registered themselves in material form as a kind of facelessness, a motif found on the figure of Death and in the skull-faces of the dead. This motif visually registers the various anxieties expressed towards the faces of the plague-sick by many contemporaries living in plague-London, an anxiety about those who visibly displayed the signs of their contagion and, more threatening still, about those who were asymptomatic. An increasing understanding of the plague as both visible and controllable in the early modern city of London was continuously being challenged by the conflicting belief that plague was a disease of invisible extension and manifestation. This variance is deeply registered in the ambiguous depiction of the plague-dead in the frame of the sheet.
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Thiagarajan, Bala. "Community dynamics of rodents, fleas and plague associated with black-tailed prairie dogs." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/246.
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Fritts, Rachel(Rachel A. ). "Plague on the Prairie : the fight to save black-footed ferrets from the West's most insidious disease." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/128984.
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Thesis: S.M. in Science Writing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Comparative Media Studies/Writing, 2020<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 15-17).<br>When a single remaining population of black-footed ferrets was discovered in Meeteetse, Wyoming in 1981, scientists had one last chance to save North America's only native ferret from extinction. Though the discovered population numbered over 100 individuals when it was found, ferrets began to die at an alarming rate just a few years after the rediscovery of the species. With their options running out, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service made the drastic choice of pulling every single surviving ferret into captivity. Thanks to decades of captive breeding and release efforts involving hundreds of people, there are now a few hundred black-footed ferrets back in the wild today. The black-footed ferret recovery effort has yet to overcome its greatest challenge, however: plague. Keeping ferrets alive in the wild is time consuming and cost intensive. Every wild ferret needs to be rounded up and vaccinated, and insecticides are sprayed over hundreds of thousands of acres each year to stave off the looming threat of a plague outbreak. To make matters worse, ferrets are becoming more inbred each year, making them even more susceptible to disease. Recently the black-footed ferret recovery effort has turned to cutting-edge genetic technologies to introduce more diversity into the ferret line, and, eventually, resistance to the plague. Some researchers think that such drastic measures might now be the only way for black-footed ferrets to ever have a hope of surviving on their own in the wild again.<br>by Rachel Fritts.<br>S.M. in Science Writing<br>S.M.inScienceWriting Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Comparative Media Studies/Writing
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Brinkerhoff, Robert Joris. "Mammal and flea occurrence in association with black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies: Implications for interspecific plague transmission." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3303859.
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Dahlbeck, Emma. "Dödens stad : En studie rörande framställningen av människan inför döden i Albert Camus Pesten." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413077.
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This essay explores how the fictional portrayals of man-before-death in Albert Camus’ The Plague can convey insights related to studies in world views. Its thesis argues that the relationship between the author, the text and the reader provides a dialogue where the author can transmit his or her ideas to the reader whom is given a possibility of interpreting the text in accordance with his or her context. The thesis was conducted by organising a close-reading of three scenes from The Plague by an allegorical type of interpretation (Quadriga) in order to create a dialogue between the novel and contemporary studies of world views and the works of Albert Camus. Altogether, this thesis contributes to show how The Plague’s depictions of death can be used as a world-view document as well as demonstrating how its reader can use it to cope with scenarios in modern society.
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Stuhlfelder, Colin Richard. "Pride, plague & protest : a comparative study of defiance in AIDS campaigns, testimonies and protest art by affected gay and Black African men." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439057.
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Goldberg, Amanda R. "Apparent survival, dispersal, and abundance of black-tailed prairie dogs." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13461.
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Master of Science<br>Department of Biology<br>Jack F. Cully, Jr.<br>Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) are a species of management and conservation concern. Prairie dogs have lost both habitat and occupied area due to plague, which is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, pest control, and habitat conversion to agricultural land. Our goals were to estimate survival rates and dispersal rates, and to compare methods for
estimating abundance of black-tailed prairie dogs for both management and conservation. We
trapped black-tailed prairie dogs at four small National Parks from April 2009 through August
2011. Prairie dogs were trapped and marked for two trapping sessions per year in order to
estimate seasonal rates of apparent survival. Apparent survival rates were estimated using the
package RMark in R to construct models for program MARK. We found estimates to vary
according to field site, sex, year, and season (summer or winter). Possible reasons for the
differences in survivorship among sites could be presence of disease, quality of forage,
predation, or frequency of dispersal. Visual counts were also conducted each trapping session
beginning in April of 2010 to estimate abundance. Mark-recapture, mark-resight, and visual counts were compared to determine which method would be the most effective for estimating
abundance of prairie dogs. We found mark-resight to produce the most precise estimates of
abundance. While it costs more money to conduct a mark-resight estimate than visual counts
because of repeated sessions, they produced significantly different results from one another 75% of the time, which was especially apparent on sites that had some form of visual barriers such as tall vegetation and uneven ground. However, if further information is needed in terms of sex
ratios, age ratios, or the exact number of prairie dogs, then mark-recapture is the only method that can be used. Land managers need to address the level of accuracy needed, topography, and vegetation height before choosing which sampling method is best for the prairie dog towns in question. Finally, we looked at rates of intercolony and intracolony dispersal by placing 149 VHF collars and 6 GPS collars on prairie dogs at three colonies. Intracolony dispersal was also monitored through visual observation and trapping records over the three years of the study. We found 23 intracolony and eight intercolony dispersal events. Combined, these three studies offer insight not only into monitoring of prairie dog populations but also potential influence by plague both within and among colonies of prairie dogs.
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Kacki, Sacha. "Influence de l’état sanitaire des populations anciennes sur la mortalité en temps de peste : contribution à la paléoépidémiologie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0058/document.
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Génératrice depuis le VIe siècle de notre ère de crises épidémiques récurrentes en Occident, la peste a profondémentmarqué l’histoire des sociétés européennes, tant sur le plan biologique que culturel, économique et politique. Sil’histoire des épidémies qu’elle a engendrées est aujourd’hui relativement bien connue, un certain nombre de questionssur ses caractéristiques épidémiologiques passées demeurent pour partie irrésolues. En particulier, le caractère sélectifou non de la mortalité par peste à l’égard de l’âge, du sexe et de l’état de santé préexistant des individus faitactuellement débat. À partir d’une approche anthropobiologique, le présent travail se propose de contribuer à cettediscussion. Il livre les résultats de l’étude d’un corpus de 1090 squelettes provenant, d’une part, de quatre sitesd’inhumation de pestiférés de la fin du Moyen Âge et du début de l’époque moderne et, d’autre part, de deuxcimetières paroissiaux médiévaux utilisés hors contexte épidémique. Cette étude révèle en premier lieu l’existenced’une signature démographique commune aux séries en lien avec la peste. Leur composition par âge et par sexe,distincte de celle caractérisant la mortalité naturelle, est au contraire en adéquation avec la structure théorique d’unepopulation vivante préindustrielle. L’examen de divers indicateurs de stress suggèrent par ailleurs que les victimes dela peste jouissaient, à la veille de leur décès, d’un meilleur état de santé que les individus morts en temps normal. Lesrésultats obtenus concourent à démontrer que les facteurs causals de ces lésions squelettiques, d’accoutuméresponsables d’une diminution des chances de survie, n’eurent au contraire qu’une influence mineure, si ce n’est nulle,sur le risque de mourir de l’infection à Yersinia pestis. Ce travail livre in fine un faisceau d’arguments convergents quitendent à prouver que les épidémies de peste anciennes furent à l’origine d’une mortalité non sélective, la maladiefrappant indistinctement les individus des deux sexes, de tous âges et de toutes conditions sanitaires<br>From the 6th century onwards, plague caused recurring mortality crises in the Western world. Such epidemics hadprofound biological, cultural, economic and political impacts on European societies. Some aspects of the history ofplague epidemics are currently well known, but many questions remain unanswered, such as the preciseepidemiological pattern of the disease in ancient times. It is unclear whether plague killed people indiscriminately orwhether this disease was selective with respect to age, sex and health. This research contributes to this debate.It consists of an anthropological and paleopathological study of skeletal remains of 1090 individuals, including plaguevictims from four medieval and post-medieval burial grounds, and individuals from two parochial cemeteries in useduring periods of normal mortality. Results from the four plague-related assemblages reveal a peculiar demographicsignature. Age and sex distribution differs clearly from what is expected in non-epidemic periods, when it is shown tocorrespond closely to the demographic structure of the living population. Moreover, the study of various non-specificskeletal stress markers shows that plague victims were in a better health before they passed away than people who diedin non-epidemic periods. The results demonstrate that individuals who suffered stress and disease had a reducedchance of survival in non-epidemic periods, whereas they were not at a higher risk to die during plague epidemics.This study provides evidence that plague was not selective, and that it killed regardless of sex, age, and pre-existing health
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Weng, Dan. "Caspase-8 and RIP Kinases Regulate Bacteria-Induced Innate Immune Responses and Cell Death: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2014. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/727.
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Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis), as the causative agent of plague, has caused deaths estimated to more than 200 million people in three historical plague pandemics, including the infamous Black Death in medieval Europe. Although infection with Yersinia pestis can mostly be limited by antibiotics and only 2000-5000 cases are observed worldwide each year, this bacterium is still a concern for bioterrorism and recognized as a category A select agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The investigation into the host-pathogen interactions during Y. pestis infection is important to advance and broaden our knowledge about plague pathogenesis for the development of better vaccines and treatments.
Y. pestis is an expert at evading innate immune surveillance through multiple strategies, several mediated by its type three secretion system (T3SS). It is known that the bacterium induces rapid and robust cell death in host macrophages and dendritic cells. Although the T3SS effector YopJ has been determined to be the factor inducing cytotoxicity, the specific host cellular pathways which are targeted by YopJ and responsible for cell death remain poorly defined. This thesis research has established the critical roles of caspase-8 and RIP kinases in Y. pestis-induced macrophage cell death. Y. pestis-induced cytotoxicity is completely inhibited in RIP1-/- or RIP3-/-caspase-8-/- macrophages or by specific chemical inhibitors. Strikingly, this work also indicates that macrophages deficient in either RIP1, or caspase-8 and RIP3, have significantly reduced infection-induced production of IL-1β, IL-18, TNFα and IL-6 cytokines; impaired activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and greatly compromised caspase-1 processing; all of which are critical for innate immune responses and contribute to fight against pathogen infection. Y. pestis infection causes severe and often rapid fatal disease before the development of adaptive immunity to the V bacterium, thus the innate immune responses are critical to control Y. pestis infection. Our group has previously established the important roles of key molecules of the innate immune system: TLR4, MyD88, NLRP12, NLRP3, IL-18 and IL-1β, in host responses against Y. pestis and attenuated strains. Yersinia has proven to be a good model for evaluating the innate immune responses during bacterial infection. Using this model, the role of caspase-8 and RIP3 in counteracting bacterial infection has been determined in this thesis work. Mice deficient in caspase-8 and RIP3 are very susceptible to Y. pestis infection and display reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in spleen and serum, and decreased myeloid cell death. Thus, both in vitro and in vivo results indicate that caspase-8 and RIP kinases are key regulators of macrophage cell death, NF-κB and caspase-1 activation in Yersinia infection. This thesis work defines novel roles for caspase-8 and RIP kinases as the central components in innate immune responses against Y. pestis infection, and provides further insights to the host-pathogen interaction during bacterial challenge.
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Weng, Dan. "Caspase-8 and RIP Kinases Regulate Bacteria-Induced Innate Immune Responses and Cell Death: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2007. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/727.
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Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis), as the causative agent of plague, has caused deaths estimated to more than 200 million people in three historical plague pandemics, including the infamous Black Death in medieval Europe. Although infection with Yersinia pestis can mostly be limited by antibiotics and only 2000-5000 cases are observed worldwide each year, this bacterium is still a concern for bioterrorism and recognized as a category A select agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The investigation into the host-pathogen interactions during Y. pestis infection is important to advance and broaden our knowledge about plague pathogenesis for the development of better vaccines and treatments.
Y. pestis is an expert at evading innate immune surveillance through multiple strategies, several mediated by its type three secretion system (T3SS). It is known that the bacterium induces rapid and robust cell death in host macrophages and dendritic cells. Although the T3SS effector YopJ has been determined to be the factor inducing cytotoxicity, the specific host cellular pathways which are targeted by YopJ and responsible for cell death remain poorly defined. This thesis research has established the critical roles of caspase-8 and RIP kinases in Y. pestis-induced macrophage cell death. Y. pestis-induced cytotoxicity is completely inhibited in RIP1-/- or RIP3-/-caspase-8-/- macrophages or by specific chemical inhibitors. Strikingly, this work also indicates that macrophages deficient in either RIP1, or caspase-8 and RIP3, have significantly reduced infection-induced production of IL-1β, IL-18, TNFα and IL-6 cytokines; impaired activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and greatly compromised caspase-1 processing; all of which are critical for innate immune responses and contribute to fight against pathogen infection. Y. pestis infection causes severe and often rapid fatal disease before the development of adaptive immunity to the V bacterium, thus the innate immune responses are critical to control Y. pestis infection. Our group has previously established the important roles of key molecules of the innate immune system: TLR4, MyD88, NLRP12, NLRP3, IL-18 and IL-1β, in host responses against Y. pestis and attenuated strains. Yersinia has proven to be a good model for evaluating the innate immune responses during bacterial infection. Using this model, the role of caspase-8 and RIP3 in counteracting bacterial infection has been determined in this thesis work. Mice deficient in caspase-8 and RIP3 are very susceptible to Y. pestis infection and display reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in spleen and serum, and decreased myeloid cell death. Thus, both in vitro and in vivo results indicate that caspase-8 and RIP kinases are key regulators of macrophage cell death, NF-κB and caspase-1 activation in Yersinia infection. This thesis work defines novel roles for caspase-8 and RIP kinases as the central components in innate immune responses against Y. pestis infection, and provides further insights to the host-pathogen interaction during bacterial challenge.
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Kwak, Jung. "Predictors and outcomes of hospice use among Medicare and Medicaid dual-eligible nursing home residents in Florida: a comparison of non-Hispanic Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001665.
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Demaree, Nancy. "Place, Disease and Mortality: Trimble County, Kentucky 1849-1894." TopSCHOLAR®, 2000. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/716.
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This researcher describes the characteristics of place...physical, cultural and human...of a small Kentucky county and looks at the incidence of disease and dying that occurred in that place in the last half of the nineteenth century. The impact of death on particular subsets of the general population was given a closer evaluation. Very young, females and the slave/Black communities were investigated individually. The overall site and situation of all aspects of Trimble County, Kentucky were viewed in an effort to support the notion that it is the manner in which man interacts with this environment that causes disease and death and that is not the environment itself that destroys human life.
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Emmons, Christi E. "England, 1348-1666 : an era defined by plague /." 2009. http://149.152.10.1/record=b3071749~S16.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2009.<br>Thesis advisor: Glenn Sunshine. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History." Includes bibliographical references (leaves [96 - 101]). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Yurochko, Brian D. "Cultural and intellectual responses to the Black Death." 2009. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/etd,118658.
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Yoder, Cassady J. "The Late Medieval Agrarian Crisis and Black Death plague epidemic in medieval Denmark: a paleopathological and paleodietary perspective." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1725.
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The medieval period of Denmark (11th-16th centuries) witnessed two of the worst
demographic, health, and dietary catastrophes in history: the Late Medieval Agrarian
Crisis (LMAC) and the Black Death plague epidemic. Historians have argued that these
events resulted in a change in subsistence from a cereal grain to a more pastorallyfocused
diet, and that the population decimation resulted in improved living conditions.
This dissertation bioarchaeologically examines the impact of these historically described
events on the diet and health of the population from Jutland, Denmark. I examine the
stable isotopic ratios of carbon and nitrogen, dental caries, cribra orbitalia, porotic
hyperostosis, periosteal reactions, and femur length to examine the samples for dietary
and health differences due to sex, time period, site and social status.
The results suggest that there are few chronological differences in diet or health in
these samples. There are greater disparities among the sites, as peasants from the rural
site had a more terrestrially-based diet and poorer health than the urban sites. While there
is little difference in diet by sex, there is a disparity in health between the sexes.
However, the direction of difference varies by site, suggesting that the relative treatment
of the sexes was not universal in Denmark. While the results indicate there is little difference in health by status, there are dietary differences, as elites had a more marinebased
diet than peasants.
This research indicates the importance of bioarchaeological analysis in the
interpretation of historical events. The recording of history is dependent on the viewpoint
of the recorder and may not accurately reflect the importance of events on the the
population itself. Bioarchaeological techniques examine skeletal material from the
individuals in question and may provide a better understanding of the consequences of
historic events on the population, such as the effects of the LMAC and Black Death on
the population of Denmark. This research reveals that, contrary to historical expectation,
these events did not have a measurable impact on Danish diet or health. Thus, the use of
historical documentation and bioarchaeological analyses provides a richer understanding
of these historical events.
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Pepperl, Jutta. "Immungenetische Marker im Wandel der Zeit." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AD56-A.
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Costa, Celestino da. "Morte e imortalidade segundo São Cipriano de Cartago : uma leitura atualizante do Tratado De Mortalitate." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/33439.
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A experiência e o medo da morte foram sempre motivo de reflexão. Mas passaram
a sê-lo ainda mais em contexto cristão, depois que a fé em Cristo conferiu à morte corporal
um novo significado. Os cristãos das primeiras comunidades eram vistos como aqueles
que não tinham medo de morrer, isto porque a morte deixou de estar “diante deles”, mas
“atrás”, isto é, no batismo. Desde então, para o batizado, foi a vida que passou a estar
diante dele.
Para averiguarmos esta tese, tomámos como fonte do nosso estudo a obra de São
Cipriano de Cartago intitulada De mortalitate. Desenvolveremos a reflexão em três
momentos: no primeiro, falaremos do contexto que levou São Cipriano a redigir essa obra
e a abordar o tema da morte. Numa segunda parte, refletiremos sobre a resposta do bispo
de Cartago à crise provocada pela “mortalidade” pessoal e social. Num terceiro momento,
refletiremos sobre a atualidade da teologia da morte de S. Cipriano tendo em conta a
resposta que a Igreja deu à “peste” do século XXI provocada pelo Covid 19.<br>The fear of death has always been cause for reflection. It became even more so in
the Christian context since faith in Christ has given new meaning to bodily death. The
Christians of the early Church are understood to have been unafraid of death, because it
was no longer an experience ahead of them, but behind them, through baptism. For the
baptised, it is only life that lies ahead of them.
To establish this thesis, we will look at the work of St. Cyprian of Carthage, De
Mortalitate. We will develop our reflection in three points: firstly, we will explore the
context that inspired Cyprian to produce this work and elaborate on the theme of ‘death.’
Secondly, we will reflect on the Bishop of Carthage’s response to the crisis of personal
and social morality. Thirdly, we will reflect on the topicality of the ‘death’ theology of
St. Cyprian, in the response that the church has been giving to the “plague” of the 21st
century, caused by Covid19.