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Journal articles on the topic 'Black flies'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Molloy, Dorothy. "Black Flies." Books Ireland, no. 238 (2001): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20632306.

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2

Rothfels, Klaus. "Speciation in black flies." Genome 32, no. 4 (1989): 500–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-475.

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In many Simuliidae, patterns of spatial and temporal relationships among the most closely related species are more readily interpreted in terms of sympatric speciation than of allopatric speciation. Specific examples are (i) the allotriploid taxa in Gymnopais and other genera, (ii) the black fly faunas of geologically recent islands (Tahiti), and (iii) species in Prosimulium onychodactylum, a prototype of a continental multisibling species complex. A model of sympatric speciation is presented based on coadaptation of polymorphic sex chromosomes in pairs reinforced by progressive development of

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3

Leonhardt, K. G., and R. M. Feraday. "Sex chromosome evolution and population differentiation in the Eusimulium aureum group of black flies." Genome 32, no. 4 (1989): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-481.

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The pattern of sex-chromosome variation within and between species of the Eusimulium aureum species group of black flies is examined and used to support the argument that speciation in black flies is often an adaptive process. A pair of homosequential species in this group is presented as an exceptional case in black flies that does not argue against the chromosomally mediated speciation model.Key words: black flies, sex chromosomes, evolution.

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4

Burgin, Steven G., and Fiona F. Hunter. "Sugar-meal sources used by female black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae): a four-habitat study." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 7 (1997): 1066–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-128.

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Adult black flies were sampled by sweep-netting vegetation in four habitats within Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario: Davies Bog, the airfield, deciduous habitat, and coniferous habitat. Sugars in the crops and midguts of female flies (n = 773) were tested by thin-layer chromatography to determine whether the flies had fed on nectar or homopteran honeydew. Melezitose and stachyose were used as honeydew-indicator sugars. For Simulium venustum, it was found that significantly fewer black flies (19%) from the airfield contained honeydew sugars than black flies from the other three sites (34% fro

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5

Burgin, Steven G., and Fiona F. Hunter. "EVIDENCE OF HONEYDEW FEEDING IN BLACK FLIES (DEPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 129, no. 5 (1997): 859–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent129859-5.

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AbstractBlack flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) were collected from a tamarack stand, Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch, heavily infested with Adelges lariciatus (Patch) (Homoptera: Adelgidae). Insect nets were used to sweep the tamarack branches to capture black flies associated with the trees. Six black fly species were sweep-netted, with 85.5% of all flies belonging to Simulium venustum Say complex. Samples of honeydew and the crops and midguts of individual black flies were tested by thin layer chromatography using fructose, glucose, sucrose, turanose, melezitose, raffinose, and stachyose as standard

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6

Franke, Alastair, Vincent Lamarre, and Erik Hedlin. "Rapid Nestling Mortality in Arctic Peregrine Falcons due to the Biting Effects of Black Flies." ARCTIC 69, no. 3 (2016): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic4580.

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This note describes nestling mortality in Arctic Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus tundrius) due to the biting effects of blood-feeding black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). At a nest site near Rankin Inlet, Nunavut, Canada (62˚49′ N, 92˚05′ W), a brood of four nestlings died on 20 July 2013 from the direct effects of severe bites attributed to black flies. Within three hours of the onset of blood-feeding, black flies had caused widespread, uniformly distributed hemorrhagic coalescent lesions over the head and body of all nestlings. Approximately seven hours after the first flies appeared, the

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7

Pierre, Kamtsap, Nguemaïm Ngoufo Flore, Paguem Archile, and Renz Alfons. "Knowledge and Practices of Four Onchocerciasis-Endemic Communities in Cameroon." Microorganisms 13, no. 4 (2025): 736. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040736.

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In onchocerciasis-endemic communities, black fly vectors of Onchocerca volvulus cause annoyance. No vector control was performed in Cameroon to complement ivermectin treatment despite high fly densities in the savannah and forest areas. This study assessed the knowledge and practices of four onchocerciasis-endemic communities in Sudan and the Guinea savannah in Cameroon. We surveyed four communities using a structured questionnaire. We interviewed 452 individuals (Mawong: 136, Befang: 160, Soramboum: 88, and Galim: 68) aged 14–50 years. Most respondents (90%) knew about black flies being a nui

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8

Medeiros, Jansen Fernandes de, and Victor Py-Daniel. "Seasonality, parity rates and transmission indices of Mansonella ozzardi (Manson) (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) by Cerqueirellum argentiscutum (Shelley & Luna Dias) (Diptera: Simulidae) in a lower Solimões River community, Amazonas, Brazil." Acta Amazonica 34, no. 2 (2004): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672004000200008.

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Mansonella ozzardi is transmitted by two dipterian families, Ceratopogonidae (midges) and Simuliidae (black flies). In Brazil, black flies are vectors for this filariasis until now. In this paper, we determined the seasonality, parity capacity and parasitic infection rate of Cerqueirellum argentiscutum. The work was carried out in the Porto Japão community, Lower Solimões River, Amazonas, Brazil. Results show that the black flies were more abundant during the rainy season (from December to May). The number of parous flies was higher in every sampling during the course of year. Monthly Biting R

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9

Schofield, S. "Responses to electrified targets and daily activity of Stomoxys spp. (Diptera: Muscidae) in Zimbabwe." Bulletin of Entomological Research 88, no. 6 (1998): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300054298.

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AbstractResponses of Stomoxys spp. to electrified targets (1 × 1 m) that differed in pattern and colour were investigated over a three month period at Rekomitjie Research Station, Zimbabwe. In the first experiment, a target baited with a blue and black cloth insert caught more flies (315 ± 117) than a target baited with blue cloth insert (202 ± 69). Next, a blue-cloth baited target caught more flies (491 ± 150) than a black-cloth baited target (164 ± 69) and a target containing a cloth with a black diamond on a blue background caught more flies (997 ± 326) than a target containing a cloth with

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10

Hunter, Fiona F., Steven G. Burgin, and Allan Woodhouse. "Shattering the folklore: black flies do not pollinate sweet lowbush blueberry." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 11 (2000): 2051–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-133.

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It is often said that on the Canadian Shield, black flies pollinate the sweet lowbush blueberry, because years with high black fly populations also tend to be those with large blueberry crops. This folklore has never been tested experimentally. Here we report on research designed to test whether or not black flies can act as pollinators for two species of ericaceous plants, sweet lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) and leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata). In enclosures, black flies may assist in leatherleaf pollination but there is no evidence that they increase fruit set in sweet lo

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Zainudin, Nur Idayu, Razi Ikhwan Bin Md.Rashid, Ahmad Razali Ishak, and Anila Ali. "Removal of Lead (Pb) From Aqueous Solutions Using Exoskeleton of Black Solider Fly (BSF)." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 8, no. 25 (2023): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v8i25.4864.

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Lead (Pb) pollution in water sources poses environmental and public health risk. It is important to mitigate the effects by developed an effective remediation method. The potential use of deceased black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) to remove Pb from aqueous solutions was studied. The flies were ground into a fine powder, analyzed, and then subjected to adsorption studies using Pb synthetic aqueous solutions. Results showed that the deceased black soldier flies are effective in removing Pb from aqueous solutions. The findings lead to the development of resource-efficient heavy metal remediat

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Ningrum, Siti Gusti, Mukhammad Zakkiyah Ilham, Andreas Berny Yulianto, Olan Rahayu Puji Astuti Nussa, and Kartika Purnamasari. "Comparison of The Nutritional Composition of Black Soldier Fly Bred on Organic Waste and Bred on Commercial Pellet mixed with Rice Bran." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 29, no. 1 (2024): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v29i2.3357.

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The black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) is an insect often used as animal feed that is easy, inexpensive, and fast to breed. However, these flies have never been used for the poultry diet. This study compares the nutritional content of black soldier flies, third-instar larvae, and pupae fed with organic waste and a mixture of commercial chicken pellets with rice bran. The method used in this study uses proximate analysis of the nutritional content of black soldier flies for dry matter, ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, calcium, nitrogen-free extract, and gross energy.

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Goddard, Jerome, and John Kevin Moulton. "Recurring Late December Outbreaks of Adult Simulium jenningsi Group Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Seminary, Mississippi, USA." Journal of Entomological Science 58, no. 1 (2023): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/jes22-26.

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Abstract Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) are reemerging as biting and nuisance pests in many southern states, presumably from improving water quality in creeks and rivers. Since 2009, entomologists at Mississippi State University and the Mississippi Department of Health have conducted surveys to ascertain what black fly species are present in the state as well as their geographic distribution and seasonality. These surveys revealed what appears to be a recurring, significant emergence of black flies every year around 25 December at one site in southern Mississippi. In this study, adult black

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WHITE, GRAHAM. "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BLACK-FLIES." Medical and Veterinary Entomology 5, no. 2 (1991): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.1991.tb00541.x.

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15

Wilkins, Alex. "Black hole merger flies through space." New Scientist 265, no. 3534 (2025): 19. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(25)00421-x.

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Barceló, Carlos, and Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo. "Diversity, Distribution and Phylogeny of Vector Insects." Diversity 16, no. 2 (2024): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16020095.

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Mosquitoes (Fam. Culicidae), sand flies (Subfam. Phlebotominae), biting midges(Fam. Ceratopogonidae), black flies (Fam. Simuliidae) and stable flies (Fam. Muscidae) are groups of insects capable to transmit pathogens of public health and veterinary importance [...]

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17

Comtois, Annie, and Dominique Berteaux. "Impacts of mosquitoes and black flies on defensive behaviour and microhabitat use of the North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) in southern Quebec." Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 5 (2005): 754–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-049.

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Biting flies are known to influence the behaviour and microhabitat use of certain mammals. However, most studies were realized in open habitats. Our objective was to determine if mosquitoes (Culicidae) and black flies (Simuliidae) affect the behaviour and habitat use of a mammal typical of the boreal forest, the North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum (L., 1758)). The project was divided into three parts: (1) abundance of biting flies and their (2) direct effects (bites) and (3) indirect effects (repelling movements and microhabitat use) on porcupines. The abundance of insects was measure

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18

Feraday, R. M., K. G. Leonhardt, and C. L. Brockhouse. "The role of sex chromosomes in black fly evolution." Genome 32, no. 4 (1989): 538–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-480.

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Sex chromosomes have been repeatedly implicated in the process of speciation of black flies and other nemotocerans. Arguments are presented here against the case that frequent differences between species in their sex chromosomes are based on (i) different average rates of differentiation of sex-linked and autosomal loci or (ii) the fact that the X and Y chromosomes are less numerous than autosomal chromosomes and so are more subject to the effects of drift and the random fixation of chromosome rearrangements. The argument is made that speciation in black flies and many other groups is an adapt

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19

Reiling, Stephen D., Kevin J. Boyle, Hsiang-tai Cheng, and Marcia L. Phillips. "Contingent Valuation of a Public Program to Control Black Flies." Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 18, no. 2 (1989): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0899367x00001987.

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Contingent valuation is used to measure the benefits of a proposed public program to control black flies. Respondents’ reported values are analyzed from three perspectives: data outliers, consistency between respondents’ reported values and their perceptions of black flies, and the temporal reliability of the values expressed by respondents. The results suggest that the estimated contingent values are plausible even though a majority of respondents expressed a value of zero dollars for the black fly control program.

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20

Stanfield, T. K., and F. F. Hunter. "Honeydew and nectar sugars differentially affect flight performance in female black flies." Canadian Journal of Zoology 88, no. 1 (2010): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z09-119.

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In the wild, black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) feed on both floral nectar and homopteran honeydew. We tested the hypothesis that sugar meal composition affects flight performance using tethered black flies that had been flown to exhaustion. Individuals were then fed distilled water (dH2O), 10% (m/v) artificial nectar (AN), or 20% (m/v) artificial honeydew (AH) sugars, and the distance, speed, and duration of the resultant flights were recorded using a computerized flight mill. Following a dH2O meal, flies were unable to regain flight. There were three different artificial honeydew diets (AHlow

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21

Merritt, Richard W. "The black flies (Simuliidae) of North America." Journal of the North American Benthological Society 24, no. 2 (2005): 442–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2005)24[442:br]2.0.co;2.

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22

Lacey, L. A., and A. H. Undeen. "Microbial Control of Black Flies and Mosquitoes." Annual Review of Entomology 31, no. 1 (1986): 265–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.31.010186.001405.

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Chiriac, Anca, Piotr Brzezinski, Liviu Miron, Cosmin Moldovan, Cristian Podoleanu, and Simona Stolnicu. "Simuliosis – A dermatosis caused by black flies." Allergology International 65, no. 2 (2016): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2015.11.005.

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Michelsen, Verner. "The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America." Insect Systematics & Evolution 35, no. 3 (2004): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631204788920202.

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TAKAOKA, HIROYUKI, MOHD SOFIAN-AZIRUN, ZUBAIDAH YA’COB, et al. "The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam." Zootaxa 4261, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1.

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The biodiversity of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae), which are biting insects of medical and veterinary importance, is strikingly high in Southeast Asian countries, such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand. In 2013, we began to explore the fauna of black flies in Vietnam, which has so far been poorly studied. In this monograph, the wealth of the biodiversity of black flies in Vietnam is also confirmed on the basis of the results of our recent investigations, though limited to five provinces in the country. Morphotaxonomic studies of black flies obtained from Sapa, Lao Cai Provin

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Khazeni, Atefeh, Peter H. Adler, Zakieh Telmadareiiy, et al. "The Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Iran." Zootaxa 3694, no. 1 (2013): 67–74. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3694.1.5.

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Khazeni, Atefeh, Adler, Peter H., Telmadareiiy, Zakieh, Oshaghi, Mohammad Ali, Vatandoost, Hasan, Abtahi, Seyed Mohammad, Lotfi, Abolfazl (2013): The Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Iran. Zootaxa 3694 (1): 67-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3694.1.5

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Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Mohd Sofian-Azirun, Zubaidah Ya'Cob, et al. "The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam." Zootaxa 4261, no. 1 (2017): 1–165. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.571608.

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Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Sofian-Azirun, Mohd, Ya'Cob, Zubaidah, Chen, Chee Dhang, Lau, Koon Weng, Low, Van Lun, Pham, Xuan Da, Adler, Peter H. (2017): The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam. Zootaxa 4261 (1): 1-165, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.571608

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Shipp, J. L. "COMPARISON OF SILHOUETTE, STICKY, AND SUCTION TRAPS WITH AND WITHOUT DRY-ICE BAIT FOR SAMPLING BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) IN CENTRAL ALBERTA." Canadian Entomologist 117, no. 1 (1985): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent117113-1.

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AbstractIn 1982 and 1983, silhouette traps, sticky traps, and suction traps with and without dry-ice bait were evaluated for sampling populations of black flies that are pests of cattle in central Alberta. The dry-ice-baited silhouette trap was the most effective. The black-fly species collected were Simulium arcticum, S. aureum, S. decorum, S. meridionale, S. tuberosum, S. venustum, S. verecundum, S. vernum, and S. vittatum. Approximately 80% of the black flies collected each year were S. arcticum, the primary pest species of cattle in Alberta.

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Shintouo, Cabirou Mounchili, Joel Ebai Nguve, Fru Bertha Asa, et al. "Entomological Assessment of Onchocerca Species Transmission by Black Flies in Selected Communities in the West Region of Cameroon." Pathogens 9, no. 9 (2020): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090722.

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The enormity of the public health burden of onchocerciasis motivated the creation of various large-scale control programs that have depended principally on mass treatment of endemic communities with ivermectin for the elimination of the disease. Parasitological evaluation of Onchocerca species in the West Region of Cameroon indicates significant progress in the interruption of parasite transmission in some communities under ivermectin treatment. However, to verify the complete elimination of onchocerciasis, entomological assessment through O-150 PCR poolscreen of black flies is mandatory. Thus

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Feraday, R. M., and K. G. Leonhardt. "Absence of population structure in black flies as revealed by enzyme electrophoresis." Genome 32, no. 4 (1989): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-479.

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Analysis of allozyme variation by the FST-statistic in Simulium decorum and several other black fly species reveals very little genetic variation that could be attributed to genetic drift. This is consistent with what is known about the rates of migration of black flies and supports the idea that there is a lack of population subdivision in these insects. This picture of population structure is quite different from that presented by chromosome inversion polymorphisms. Chromosomal variation, however, can reasonably be attributed to selection and suggests that the role of inversions in black fly

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Oyinloye, N. A., S. O. Sam-Wobo, O. A. Oke, et al. "Morphotaxonomic Studies and Abundance of Simulium damnosumTheobald (Diptera: Simuliidae) Complex in Two Local Government Areas of Ogun State." Nigerian Journal of Entomology 40, no. 2 (2024): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/nje/4202/04.0211.

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The sibling species composition of Simulium damnosum sensulato and abundance of these sibling species in two communities (Opeji and Imala-Odo) of Ogun State south-western Nigeria was carried out in the wet months (May to October). Morphological identification of black flies using standard protocol was done from 07:00hr-18:00hr twice every two weeks. Climatic data like temperature, rainfall and relative humidity were documented for each month. A total of 1543 flies were dissected, 1228(79.6%) in Opeji and 315(20.4%) in Imala-Odo with a statistical significance (p<0.05). The result revealed a

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Ruiz-Arrondo, Ignacio, Jesús Veiga, Peter H. Adler, Francisco Collantes, José A. Oteo, and Francisco Valera. "Integrated taxonomy of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) reveals unexpected diversity in the most arid ecosystem of Europe." PLOS ONE 18, no. 11 (2023): e0293547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293547.

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The family Simuliidae includes more than 2000 species of black flies worldwide. Their morphological uniformity creates difficulty for species identification, which limits our knowledge of their ecology and vectorial role. We investigated the systematics of black flies in a semi-arid area of the Iberian Peninsula, an ecologically harsh environment for these organisms. Sampling adult black flies in three different habitats (by means of CDC traps) and in avian nest boxes and collecting immature stages in high-salinity rills provided a representative sample of the component species. A combination

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Muyobela, Jackson, Christian W. W. Pirk, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Njelembo J. Mbewe, and Catherine L. Sole. "A novel vehicle-mounted sticky trap; an effective sampling tool for savannah tsetse flies Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and Glossina morsitans centralis Machado." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 7 (2021): e0009620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009620.

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Background Black screen fly round (BFR) is a mobile sampling method for Glossina morsitans. This technique relies on the ability of operator(s) to capture flies landing on the screen with hand nets. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a vehicle-mounted sticky panel trap (VST) that is independent of the operator’s ability to capture flies against BFR, for effective and rapid sampling of G. m. morsitans Westwood and G. m. centralis Machado. We also determined the influence of the VST colour (all-blue, all-black or 1:1 blue-black), orientation and presence of odour attractants on tsetse catch. Me

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COULIBALY, Fatoumata, Grégoire YAPI YAPI, Donatié Serge TOURE, Kouamé Alphonse KADJO, and Julien Marie-Christian DOANNIO. "Black flies aggressivity in Kafolo: influence of climatic and environmental factors." Journal of Applied Biosciences 174 (June 30, 2022): 18031–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/jabs.174.1.

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Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of environmental factors on aggressiveness rate of black flies, vector of Onchocerca volvius, the parasite that causes river blindness in Kafolo, a village adjacent to the Comoé River located at the Ivoiro-Burkinabé border. Methodology and results: The determination of temporal variations in black flies aggressivity was done using standardised captures method on human bait according to protocol developed by WHO/OCP. At the end of each hour of capture, the number of black flies collected was recorded as well as the temperat

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Bowles, David E., and Dennis D. Pinkovsky. "Occurrence of Larval Black Flies and Horse Flies in an Ozark Headwater Stream." Southwestern Naturalist 38, no. 1 (1993): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3671655.

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KHAN, M. A., and G. C. KOZUB. "RESPONSE OF ANGUS, CHAROLAIS, AND HEREFORD BULLS TO BLACK FLIES (Simulium spp), WITH AND WITHOUT PHOSMET TREATMENT." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 65, no. 1 (1985): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas85-033.

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Clinical toxicosis, used as an indicator of black-fly tolerance, was not as pronounced in Charolais bulls as in Angus or Hereford bulls, whether or not they were treated dermally with 25 mg phosmet/kg body weight. During the first 20 days after exposure to black flies, the combined weight loss of the treated and untreated Charolais bulls was lower than that of their Angus or Hereford counterparts. Up to 33 days PT, the combined gains of the treated bulls of the three breeds were intermittently higher than those of the controls. Key words: Black flies, beef bulls, phosmet, response, toxicosis,

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Rohner, Christoph, Charles J. Krebs, D. Bruce Hunter, and Douglas C. Currie. "Roost Site Selection of Great Horned Owls in Relation to Black Fly Activity: An Anti-Parasite Behavior?" Condor 102, no. 4 (2000): 950–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.4.950.

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Abstract We document a shift in roosting behavior of Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus) from winter and late spring to summer. During summer, Great Horned Owls roosted near the ground or exposed on open ground, whereas they chose concealed perches at mid-canopy level for the rest of the year as typical for forest owls. This shift of roosting behavior coincided with the emergence of ornithophilic black flies, which transmit avian malaria (Leucocytozoon spp.). The shift in roosting behavior was consistent with measurements of parasite exposure at different habitat positions. Black fly activity

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Parker, Christine, Morgan Meador, and Jeffrey P. Hoover. "Using Digital Image Analysis to Quantify Small Arthropod Vectors." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 5 (2020): 1671–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa072.

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Abstract Quantifying arthropod vectors can be a time-consuming process. Here, we describe a technique to count large samples of small arthropods using ImageJ. ImageJ is an open source image processing software, produced by the National Institutes of Health, with a straightforward interface that has proven useful in quantifying small organisms (i.e., cells, pollen, eggs). In 2017, we deployed CDC light traps baited with carbon dioxide among seven sites to capture black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Samples of the captured specimens were photographed, and then quantified manually and automaticall

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Salman, Salman, Lalu Muhammad Ukhrawi, and Muhammad Azim. "Budidaya Maggot Lalat Black Soldier Flies (BSF) sebagai Pakan Ternak." Jurnal Gema Ngabdi 2, no. 1 (2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jgn.v2i1.40.

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Waste management in some areas is still a problem for the environment. One method to manage the waste is by using it as a medium for maggot cultivation BSF (Black Soldier Flies) flies. Therefore, a KKN team, from Mataram pioneered the BSF fly maggot cultivation business in Pendem Village, Janapria District, Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. The purpose of this program is to empower Pendem Village residents to process organic waste through cultivation of BSF maggot flies into animal feed. The method was by conducting counseling or socialization with village staff in front of local com

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Drolet, Barbara S., Will K. Reeves, Kristine E. Bennett, Steven J. Pauszek, Miranda R. Bertram, and Luis L. Rodriguez. "Identical Viral Genetic Sequence Found in Black Flies (Simulium bivittatum) and the Equine Index Case of the 2006 U.S. Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreak." Pathogens 10, no. 8 (2021): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10080929.

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In 2006, vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) caused outbreaks in Wyoming (WY) horses and cattle after overwintering in 2004 and 2005. Within two weeks of the outbreak onset, 12,203 biting flies and 194 grasshoppers were collected near three equine-positive premises in Natrona County, WY. Insects were identified to the species level and tested by RT-qPCR for VSNJV polymerase (L) and phosphoprotein (P) gene RNA. Collected dipterans known to be competent for VSV transmission included Simulium black flies and Culicoides biting midges. VSNJV L and P RNA was detected in two pools of female

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van Huis, A., D. G. A. B. Oonincx, S. Rojo, and J. K. Tomberlin. "Insects as feed: house fly or black soldier fly?" Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 6, no. 3 (2020): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2020.x003.

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Industrialised rearing of house flies and black soldier flies in systems for producing protein offers numerous species-specific benefits and challenges. These two dipteran species offer great potential for mass production of protein rich feed ingredients on a global scale. Through this systematic review, various facets of intensive production of these species are evaluated according to criteria, such as development time, abiotic tolerance, ease of rearing, environmental impact, safety risks, range of possible organic side streams, and their role in bioconversion.

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Muotka, Timo, and Antti Penttinen. "Detecting Small-scale Spatial Patterns in Lotic Predator–Prey Relationships: Statistical Methods and a Case Study." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 10 (1994): 2210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-223.

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We mapped the exact locations of two predaceous stream insects, a caddis larva (Rhyacophila obliterata) and a stonefly nymph (Isoperla grammatica), in 1-m2 sampling windows in relation to their major prey, larval black flies (mostly Simulium sublacustre), which were quantified within the same areas by extensive systematic sampling. In mid-June, when black flies were abundant and highly clustered, R. obliterata was also aggregated on a scale of 5–10 cm. After the emergence of black flies in the beginning of July, the point pattern of the rhyacophilid was random. Isoperla grammatica was abundant

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Evenhuis, Neal L. "Society Islands beach bum black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae)." Zootaxa 4311, no. 3 (2017): 373–88. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4311.3.3.

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Srisuka, Wichai, Chayanit Sulin, Kittipat Aupalee, et al. "Community Structure, Biodiversity and Spatiotemporal Distribution of the Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) Using Malaise Traps on the Highest Mountain in Thailand." Insects 12, no. 6 (2021): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12060504.

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Black flies form a group of small blood-sucking insects of medical and veterinary importance. This study aimed to investigate the community structure, biodiversity and spatial and temporal distribution of adult black flies in tropical rain forests, by using malaise traps in Doi Inthanon National Park, northern Thailand. Malaise traps were placed along six elevational gradients (400 m to 2500 m, above sea level) at Doi Inthanon National Park, Chiang Mai province, from December 2013 to November 2014. A total of 9406 adult female black flies belonging to five subgenera—Daviesellum (2%), Gomphosti

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Cupp, Mary S., E. W. Cupp, and Frank B. Ramberg. "Salivary gland apyrase in black flies (Simulium vittatum)." Journal of Insect Physiology 39, no. 10 (1993): 817–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(93)90113-6.

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CRAIG, DOUGLAS A., and NEAL L. EVENHUIS. "Society Islands beach bum black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae)." Zootaxa 4311, no. 3 (2017): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4311.3.3.

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Aspects of the body of work on the Central and Western Pacific black fly Simulium (Inseliellum) are briefly reviewed. Female adults collected from beaches in Tahiti and Raiatea are described as Simulium (Inseliellum) littopyga n. sp., Simulium (Inseliellum) littosocius n. sp. and Simulium (Inseliellum) littosodalis n. sp.. Immature stages of the three species are not associated.

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Davies, Lewis. "The taxonomy of British black-flies (Diptera: Simuliidae)." Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 118, no. 14 (2009): 413–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1966.tb00832.x.

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Gunther, Derrick, Robert Alford, Jeff Johnson, et al. "Transgenic black soldier flies for production of carotenoids." Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 168 (May 2024): 104110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104110.

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Cavallaro, Michael C., Eric Risley, and Paige Lockburner. "Evaluation of Partially Submerged Sticky Traps On Lake Spillways For Adult Black Fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) Surveillance and Arbovirus Detection." Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 34, no. 4 (2018): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/18-6792.1.

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ABSTRACT Sentinel surveillance systems demonstrate an improved ability to supplement monitoring data and anticipate arbovirus outbreaks (i.e., sentinel avian species). Management complications can arise during unpredictable or unseasonal disease detections, especially in rural areas where resident distribution is patchy. Using spillways near residential lake communities as static surveillance locations, we tested a novel partially submerged sticky trapping technique and screened wild populations of adult female black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) for West Nile virus (WNV) and eastern equine ence

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Rivera-Martínez, Alejandra, S. Viridiana Laredo-Tiscareño, Jaime R. Adame-Gallegos, et al. "Viruses in Simuliidae: An Updated Systematic Review of Arboviral Diversity and Vector Potential." Life 15, no. 5 (2025): 807. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15050807.

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Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) are important vectors of pathogens, including filarial nematodes, protozoans, and arboviruses, which significantly impact human and animal health. Although their role in arbovirus transmission has not been as thoroughly studied as that of mosquitoes and ticks, advances in molecular tools, particularly metagenomics, have enabled the identification of non-cultivable viruses, significantly enhancing our understanding of black-fly-borne viral diversity and their public and veterinary health implications. However, these methods can also detect insect-specific virus

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