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Journal articles on the topic 'Black hole condensation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Vaz, Cenalo, and L. C. R. Wijewardhana. "Black Hole Bose Condensation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 462 (December 31, 2013): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/462/1/012057.

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2

MYUNG, YUN SOO. "TACHYON CONDENSATION AND OFF-SHELL GRAVITY/GAUGE DUALITY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no. 01 (2007): 41–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07034957.

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We investigate quasilocal tachyon condensation by using gravity/gauge duality. In order to cure the IR divergence due to a tachyon, we introduce two regularization schemes: AdS space and a d = 10 Schwarzschild black hole in a cavity. These provide stable canonical ensembles and thus are good candidates for the end point of tachyon condensation. Introducing the Cardy–Verlinde formula, we establish the on-shell gravity/gauge duality. We propose that the stringy geometry resulting from the off-shell tachyon dynamics matches onto the off-shell AdS black hole, where "off-shell" means nonequilibrium

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3

SUYAMA, TAKAO. "BLACK HOLE FORMATION VIA TACHYON CONDENSATION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no. 14n15 (2008): 2176–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08040743.

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We investigate a possibility for a black hole to be created during closed string tachyon condensation. For the case of a bulk closed string tachyon, we find classical solutions of a low energy effective theory which has a black hole in the space-time. On the other hand, for the case of a localized closed string tachyon, a black hole, if created, would be of the string size and it would quickly evaporate.

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4

Hirano, Shingo, Takashi Hosokawa, Naoki Yoshida, and Rolf Kuiper. "Supersonic gas streams enhance the formation of massive black holes in the early universe." Science 357, no. 6358 (2017): 1375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aai9119.

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The origin of super-massive black holes in the early universe remains poorly understood. Gravitational collapse of a massive primordial gas cloud is a promising initial process, but theoretical studies have difficulty growing the black hole fast enough. We report numerical simulations of early black hole formation starting from realistic cosmological conditions. Supersonic gas motions left over from the Big Bang prevent early gas cloud formation until rapid gas condensation is triggered in a protogalactic halo. A protostar is formed in the dense, turbulent gas cloud, and it grows by sporadic m

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5

Vaz, Cenalo, and L. C. R. Wijewardhana. "Bose condensation and the BTZ black hole." Classical and Quantum Gravity 27, no. 5 (2010): 055009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/27/5/055009.

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6

He, Tangmei. "Black Hole Analogue in Bose–Einstein Condensation." Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy 35, no. 3 (2014): 503–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12036-014-9267-z.

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7

Strominger, Andrew. "Black hole condensation and duality in string theory." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 46, no. 1-3 (1996): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(96)00023-0.

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8

Jou, D., M. Sciacca, and M. S. Mongiovì. "Thermal duality and thermodynamics of micro black holes." International Journal of Modern Physics D 24, no. 11 (2015): 1550087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827181550087x.

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Starting from a generalized black hole entropy with logarithmic area corrections, in this paper we obtain (for positive value of the coefficient of the correction term) a generalized equation of state for black holes with two dual branches. In one of them (the usual one for macro black holes) T ≃ 1/M, with T temperature and M mass. In the other one, for micro black holes, instead, T ≃ M. We compare the equilibrium and stability between macro black holes and electromagnetic radiation in a finite box with reflecting walls, with the dual situation corresponding to micro black holes and cosmic str

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9

Greene, Brian R., David R. Morrison, and Andrew Strominger. "Black hole condensation and the unification of string vacua." Nuclear Physics B 451, no. 1-2 (1995): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(95)00371-x.

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10

Liu, B. F., R. E. Taam, E. Qiao, and W. Yuan. "Coronal accretion: the power of X-ray emission in AGN." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S312 (2014): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315007462.

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AbstractThe optical/UV and X-ray emissions in luminous AGN are commonly believed to be produced in an accretion disk and an embedded hot corona respectively. We explore the possibility that a geometrically thick coronal gas flow, which is supplied by gravitational capture of interstellar medium or stellar wind, condenses partially to a geometrically thin cold disk and accretes via a thin disk and a corona onto the supermassive black hole. We found that for mass supply rates less than about 0.01 (expressed in Eddington units), condensation does not occur and the accretion flow takes the form of

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11

Yin, Ziwen, and Luca Visinelli. "Axion star condensation around primordial black holes and microlensing limits." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2024, no. 10 (2024): 013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/013.

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Abstract We present novel findings concerning the parameter space of axion stars, extended object forming in dense dark matter environments through gravitational condensation. We emphasize their formation within the dense minihalos that potentially surround primordial black holes and in axion miniclusters. Our study investigates the relation between the radius and mass of an axion star in these dense surroundings, revealing distinct morphological characteristics compared to isolated scenarios. We explore the implications of these results when applied to the bound state between a primordial bla

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12

Chiang, Ti-Ming, Brian R. Greene, Mark Gross, and Yakov Kanter. "Black hole condensation and the web of Calabi-Yau manifolds." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 46, no. 1-3 (1996): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(96)00010-2.

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13

SUZUKI, HISAO. "CALABI-YAU COMPACTIFICATION OF TYPE-IIB STRING AND A MASS FORMULA OF THE EXTREME BLACK HOLES." Modern Physics Letters A 11, no. 08 (1996): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732396000643.

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Recently proposed mechanism of the black hole condensation at conifold singularity in type-II string is an interesting idea from which we can interpret the phase of the universal moduli space of the string vacua. It might also be expected that the true physics is on the conifold singularity after supersymmetry breaking. We derive a mass formula for the extreme black holes caused by the self-dual five-form field strength, which is stable and supersymmetric. It is shown that the formula can be written by the moduli parameters of Calabi-Yau manifold and can be calculated explicitly.

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14

Sherkatghanad, Z., B. Mirza, and F. Lalehgani Dezaki. "Exponential nonlinear electrodynamics and backreaction effects on holographic superconductor in the Lifshitz black hole background." International Journal of Modern Physics D 27, no. 01 (2017): 1750175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271817501759.

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We analytically describe the properties of the s-wave holographic superconductor with the exponential nonlinear electrodynamics in the Lifshitz black hole background in four-dimensions. Employing an assumption the scalar and gauge fields backreact on the background geometry, we calculate the critical temperature as well as the condensation operator. Based on Sturm–Liouville method, we show that the critical temperature decreases with increasing exponential nonlinear electrodynamics and Lifshitz dynamical exponent, [Formula: see text], indicating that condensation becomes difficult. Also we fin

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Ghaffarnejad, Hossein, and Mohammad Farsam. "Reissner-Nordström Black Holes Statistical Ensembles and First-Order Thermodynamic Phase Transition." Advances in High Energy Physics 2019 (April 10, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2539217.

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We apply Debbasch proposal to obtain mean metric of coarse graining (statistical ensemble) of quantum perturbed Reissner-Nordstöm black hole (RNBH). Then we seek its thermodynamic phase transition behavior. Our calculations predict first-order phase transition which can take Bose-Einstein’s condensation behavior.

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16

Mahish, Sandip, Aritra Ghosh, and Chandrasekhar Bhamidipati. "Thermodynamic curvature of the Schwarzschild-AdS black hole and Bose condensation." Physics Letters B 811 (December 2020): 135958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135958.

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17

Li, Huiquan. "Can matter really cross a horizon?" International Journal of Modern Physics D 23, no. 12 (2014): 1442021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271814420218.

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It has been taken as a truth that collapsing matter can eventually cross the horizon and enter into the interior of a black hole in a finite proper time. However, the Rindler/tachyon dual description we suggested recently implies that this should not be the case. A test particle falling towards the event horizon of a nonextreme black hole can actually be viewed as an unstable particle, whose dynamics is described by the tachyon field theory. This means that the collapsing process of a free particle in Rindler space is essentially a tachyon condensation process. In terms of the results in tachy

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Brustein, Ram, A. J. M. Medved, and Tamar Simhon. "Kerr black hole mimickers sourced by a string fluid." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2024, no. 11 (2024): 044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/11/044.

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Abstract We present rotating solutions of Einstein's gravity coupled to an effective Born-Infeld theory that describes the end of open-string tachyon condensation after the decay of an unstable D-brane or a brane-antibrane system. The geometry of these solutions is that of the rotating frozen star. The solutions are stationary, ultracompact, can be made non-singular via a regularization procedure and their exterior geometry is identical, for all practical purposes, to that of the Kerr solution. The Born-Infeld matter consists of radial electric-flux tubes that emanate from, or end at, the elli

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19

Peng, Yan, Xiaoyang Xu, and Guohua Liu. "A new holographic metal/superconductor phase transition model." Modern Physics Letters A 30, no. 07 (2015): 1550043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732315500431.

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We study a holographic superconductor model with Stückelberg mechanism in the four-dimensional AdS black hole background. We explore the effects of the model parameters on the scalar condensation and conclude that this new model allows first-order phase transitions to occur when the model parameter is above a threshold value. Finally, we examine the effects of the back-reaction parameters on the threshold values.

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20

Barceló, Carlos, Stefano Liberati, and Matt Visser. "Towards the Observation of Hawking Radiation in Bose–Einstein Condensates." International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, no. 21 (2003): 3735–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0301615x.

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Acoustic analogues of black holes (dumb holes) are generated when a supersonic fluid flow entrains sound waves and forms a trapped region from which sound cannot escape. The surface of no return, the acoustic horizon, is qualitatively very similar to the event horizon of a general relativity black hole. In particular Hawking radiation (a thermal bath of phonons with temperature proportional to the "surface gravity") is expected to occur. In this note we consider quasi-one-dimensional supersonic flow of a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) in a Laval nozzle (converging-diverging nozzle), with a vie

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21

Qiao, Erlin, and Bifang Liu. "The structure and emission of an inner disk and a corona in the low/hard state." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S290 (2012): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312020108.

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AbstractRecent observations reveal that a cool disk may survive in the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) for some black hole X-ray binaries in the low/hard state. The spectrum is characterized by a power law with a photon index Γ ~ 1.5-2.1 in the range of 2-10 keV and a weak disk component with temperature of ~ 0.2 keV. The formation of such a cool disk in the most inner region of black hole X-ray binaries at the low/hard state is investigated within the framework of disk accretion fed by condensation of hot corona. We also calculate the emergent spectra of the inner disk and corona. It's

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22

Peng, Yan, and Guohua Liu. "A holographic superconductor model with higher correction terms." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 13 (2015): 1550069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15500694.

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We study general models for holographic superconductors with higher correction terms of the scalar field in the four-dimensional AdS black hole background including the matter fields' backreaction on the metric. We explore the effects of the model parameters on the scalar condensation and find that different values of model parameters can determine the order of phase transitions. Moreover, we find that the higher correction terms provide richer physics in the phase transition diagram.

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23

Kuang, Xiao-Mei, Bin Wang, and Xian-Hui Ge. "Observing the inhomogeneity in the holographic models of superconductors." Modern Physics Letters A 29, no. 14 (2014): 1450070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314500709.

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We study the gravity duals of striped holographic superconductors in the AdS black hole and AdS soliton backgrounds. We show the dependences of the condensation and the critical temperature/critical chemical potential on the inhomogeneity in these two different spacetimes. By exploring the dynamics of the normal phase through the scalar field perturbation, we argue that the pair susceptibility and the conductivity can be possible phenomenological indications to disclose the property of inhomogeneity.

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24

De Felice, Antonio, Shinji Mukohyama, and Kazufumi Takahashi. "Approximately stealth black hole in higher-order scalar-tensor theories." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2023, no. 03 (2023): 050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/03/050.

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Abstract We investigate a generic quadratic higher-order scalar-tensor theory with a scordatura term, which is expected to provide a consistent perturbative description of stealth solutions with a timelike scalar field profile. In the DHOST subclass, exactly stealth solutions are known to yield perturbations infinitely strongly coupled and thus cannot be trusted. Beyond DHOST theories with the scordatura term, such as in ghost condensation and U-DHOST, we show that stealth configurations cannot be realized as exact solutions but those theories instead admit approximately stealth solutions wher

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25

Guan, J., L. Tao, J. L. Qu, et al. "Physical origin of the non-physical spin evolution of MAXI J1820 + 070." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 504, no. 2 (2021): 2168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab945.

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ABSTRACT We report on the Insight-HXMT observations of the new black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070 during its 2018 outburst. Detailed spectral analysis via the continuum fitting method shows an evolution of the inferred spin during its high soft sate. Moreover, the hardness ratio, the non-thermal luminosity and the reflection fraction also undergo an evolution, exactly coincident to the period when the inferred spin transition takes place. The unphysical evolution of the spin is attributed to the evolution of the inner disc, which is caused by the collapse of a hot corona due to condensatio

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26

FURUUCHI, KAZUYUKI. "MATRIX MODEL FOR POLYAKOV LOOPS, STRING FIELD THEORY IN THE TEMPORAL GAUGE AND WINDING STRING CONDENSATIONS IN ANTI-DE SITTER SPACE." Modern Physics Letters A 23, no. 17n20 (2008): 1565–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732308027965.

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Closed string field theory is constructed by stochastically quantizing a matrix model for Polyakov loops that describes phases of a large N gauge theory at finite temperature. Coherent states in this string field theory describes winding string condensation which has been expected to cause topology change from thermal AdS geometry to AdS -Schwarzschild black hole geometry. D-branes in this closed string field theory is also discussed. Based on a talk given at CosPA 2007, Taipei.

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Peng, Yan, Tao Chen, Guohua Liu, and Pengwei Ma. "Various types of holographic metal/superconductor phase transitions with dark matter sector." International Journal of Modern Physics D 26, no. 06 (2016): 1750046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271817500468.

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We generalize the holographic superconductor model with dark matter sector by including the Stückelberg mechanism in the four-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole background away from the probe limit. We study effects of the dark matter sector on the [Formula: see text]-wave scalar condensation and find that the dark matter sector affects the critical phase transition temperature and also the order of phase transitions. At last, we conclude that the dark matter sector brings richer physics in this general metal/superconductor system.

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Iorio, A., and L. Smaldone. "Classical space from quantum condensates." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2533, no. 1 (2023): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2533/1/012030.

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Abstract We review the boson transformation method to deal with spontaneous symmetry breaking in quantum field theory, focussing on how it describes the emergence of extended and classical objects in such quantum context. We then apply the method to the emergence of space itself, as an extended and classical object resulting from the evaporation of a quantum black hole. In particular, we show how classical torsion and curvature tensors can emerge as effects of an inhomogeneous Nambu–Goldstone boson condensation in vacuum, in E(3) invariant spinor models with symmetry breaking.

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29

Beckmann, R. S., Y. Dubois, P. Guillard, et al. "Dense gas formation and destruction in a simulated Perseus-like galaxy cluster with spin-driven black hole feedback." Astronomy & Astrophysics 631 (October 21, 2019): A60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936188.

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Context. Extended filamentary Hα emission nebulae are a striking feature of nearby galaxy clusters but the formation mechanism of the filaments, and the processes which shape their morphology remain unclear. Aims. We conduct an investigation into the formation, evolution and destruction of dense gas in the centre of a simulated, Perseus-like, cluster under the influence of a spin-driven jet. The jet is powered by the supermassive black hole (SMBH) located in the cluster’s brightest cluster galaxy. We particularly study the role played by condensation of dense gas from the diffuse intracluster

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Meyer, F., B. F. Liu, and E. Meyer-Hofmeister. "Re-condensation from an ADAF into an inner disk: the intermediate state of black hole accretion?" Astronomy & Astrophysics 463, no. 1 (2006): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20066203.

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31

Nakamura, Kenji E., Mami Machida, and Ryoji Matsumoto. "2D MHD Simulations of the State Transitions of X-Ray Binaries Taking into Account Thermal Conduction." Galaxies 7, no. 1 (2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/galaxies7010022.

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Thermal conduction plays an important role in bimodal accretion flows consisting of high-temperature flow and cool flow, especially when the temperature is high and/or has a steep gradient. For example, in hard-to-soft transitions of black hole accretion flows, thermal conduction between the high-temperature region and the low-temperature region is appropriately considered. We conducted two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical simulations considering anisotropic heat conduction to study condensation of geometrically thick hot accretion flows driven by radiative cooling during state

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Meyer-Hofmeister, E., B. F. Liu, E. Qiao, and R. E. Taam. "Wind accretion in Cygnus X-1." Astronomy & Astrophysics 637 (May 2020): A66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037561.

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Context. Cygnus X-1 is a black hole X-ray binary system in which the black hole captures and accretes gas from the strong stellar wind emitted by its supergiant O9.7 companion star. The irradiation of the supergiant star essentially determines the flow properties of the stellar wind and the X-ray luminosity from the system. The results of three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of wind-fed X-ray binary systems reported in recent work reveal that the ionizing feedback of the X-ray irradiation leads to the existence of two stable states with either a soft or a hard spectrum. Aims. We discus

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ELLIS, JOHN, N. E. MAVROMATOS, and D. V. NANOPOULOS. "WORLD SHEET FORMULATION OF M THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 13, no. 29 (1998): 5093–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x98002377.

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We first review the interpretation of world sheet defects as D branes described by a critical theory in 11 dimensions, that we interpret as M theory. We then show that D-brane recoil induces dynamically an anti-de Sitter (AdS) space–time background, with criticality restored by a twelfth timelike dimension described by a Liouville field. Local physics in the bulk of this AdS11 may be described by an Osp (1|32, R) ⊗ Osp (1|32, R) topological gauge theory (TGT), with nonlocal boundary states in doubleton representations. We draw analogies with structures previously exhibited in two-dimensional b

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MOMENI, D., M. R. SETARE, and RATBAY MYRZAKULOV. "CONDENSATION OF THE SCALAR FIELD WITH STUCKELBERG AND WEYL CORRECTIONS IN THE BACKGROUND OF A PLANAR AdS–SCHWARZSCHILD BLACK HOLE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 27, no. 22 (2012): 1250128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x1250128x.

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We study analytical properties of the Stuckelberg holographic superconductors with Weyl corrections. We obtain the minimum critical temperature as a function of the mass of the scalar field m2. We show that in limit of the [Formula: see text] which is close to the numerical estimate [Formula: see text]. Further we show that the mass of the scalar field is bounded from below by the [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text]. This lower bound is weaker and different from the previous lower bound m2 = -3 predicted by stability analysis. We show that in the Breitenlohner–Freedman bound, the cri

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Sheykhi, A., and F. Shaker. "Effects of backreaction and exponential nonlinear electrodynamics on the holographic superconductors." International Journal of Modern Physics D 26, no. 06 (2016): 1750050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827181750050x.

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We analytically study the properties of a [Formula: see text]-dimensional [Formula: see text]-wave holographic superconductor in the presence of exponential nonlinear (EN) electrodynamics. We consider the case in which the scalar and gauge fields back react on the background metric. Employing the analytical Sturm–Liouville method, we find that in the black hole background, the nonlinear electrodynamics correction will affect the properties of the holographic superconductors. We find that with increasing both backreaction and nonlinear parameters, the scalar hair condensation on the boundary wi

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Wang, Lei, Paolo Tozzi, Heng Yu, Massimo Gaspari, and Stefano Ettori. "Physical cool-core condensation radius in massive galaxy clusters." Astronomy & Astrophysics 674 (June 2023): A102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244138.

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Aims. We investigate the properties of cool cores in an optimally selected sample of 37 massive and X-ray-bright galaxy clusters, with regular morphologies, observed with Chandra. We started by measuring the density, temperature, and abundance radial profiles of their intracluster medium (ICM). From these independent quantities, we computed the cooling (tcool), free-fall (tff), and turbulence (teddy) timescales as a function of radius. Methods. By requiring the profile-crossing condition, tcool/teddy = 1, we measured the cool-core condensation radius, Rccc, within which the balancing feeding a

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GIRIBET, GASTON, and YU NAKAYAMA. "THE STOYANOVSKY–RIBAULT–TESCHNER MAP AND STRING SCATTERING AMPLITUDES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 19n20 (2006): 4003–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06031697.

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Recently, Ribault and Teschner pointed out the existence of a one-to-one correspondence between N-point correlation functions for the SL (2,ℂ)k/ SU (2) WZNW model on the sphere and certain set of 2N-2-point correlation functions in Liouville field theory. This result is based on a seminal work by Stoyanovsky. Here, we discuss the implications of this correspondence focusing on its application to string theory on curved backgrounds. For instance, we analyze how the divergences corresponding to worldsheet instantons in AdS3 can be understood as arising from the insertion of the dual screening op

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Hui, Lam. "Wave Dark Matter." Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 59, no. 1 (2021): 247–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-120920-010024.

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We review the physics and phenomenology of wave dark matter: a bosonic dark matter candidate lighter than about 30 eV. Such particles have a de Broglie wavelength exceeding the average interparticle separation in a galaxy like the Milky Way and are, thus, well described as a set of classical waves. We outline the particle physics motivations for such particles, including the quantum chromodynamics axion as well as ultralight axion-like particles such as fuzzy dark matter. The wave nature of the dark matter implies a rich phenomenology: ▪ Wave interference gives rise to order unity density fluc

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Carolina, Sparavigna Amelia. "Dimensional Equations of Entropy." International Journal of Sciences Volume 4, no. 2015-08 (2015): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3348985.

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Entropy is a quantity which is of great importance in physics and chemistry. The concept comes out of thermodynamics, proposed by Rudolf Clausius in his analysis of Carnot cycle and linked by Ludwig Boltzmann to the number of specific ways in which a physical system may be arranged. Any physics classroom, in its task of learning physics, has therefore to face this crucial concept. As we will show in this paper, the lectures can be enriched by discussing dimensional equations linked to the entropy of some physical systems.Read Complete Article at ijSciences: V4201508811 AND DOI: http://dx.doi.o

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Liu, B. F. "Coupling of the accretion disk and corona around black holes." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S290 (2012): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312019217.

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AbstractThe interaction between a hot corona and a cold thin disk can drive cold gas evaporating into the corona or hot gas condensing into the thin disk. The evaporation is caused by heat conduction downwards to the disk; while condensation is caused by overcooling of corona gas through inverse Compton scattering. Evaporation occurs at low accretion rates when the corona cannot efficiently radiate the viscous heat, thereby part of which is conducted down and heats up gas. Condensation occurs at high accretion rates when the Compton cooling of disk photons is strong enough to efficiently cool

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Dottori, H., R. Díaz, I. Rodrigues, M. P. Agüero, and D. Mast. "The central 80×200 pc of M83: how many black holes and how massive are they?" Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S238 (2006): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307005133.

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AbstractThe central ≈ 80×200 pc of the barred spiral galaxy M83 (NGC 5236) has been observed with the GEMINI-S+CIRPASS configuration which produced 490 spectra with a spectral resolving power of 3200, centered at 1.3 microns, oriented NW-SE. We determine the kinematics of this region with 0.36″ sampling and sub-arcsec resolution. Disk-like motions have been detected in Paβ at parsec scales around: a) the optical nucleus, b) the center of the external K-band isophotes coincident with that of the CO velocity map both also tracing the center of the bulge, and c) a hidden condensation located at (

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Mazur, Pawel O., and Emil Mottola. "Gravitational Condensate Stars: An Alternative to Black Holes." Universe 9, no. 2 (2023): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe9020088.

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A new final endpoint of complete gravitational collapse is proposed. By extending the concept of Bose–Einstein condensation to gravitational systems, a static, spherically symmetric solution to Einstein’s equations is obtained, characterized by an interior de Sitter region of p=−ρ gravitational vacuum condensate and an exterior Schwarzschild geometry of arbitrary total mass M. These are separated by a phase boundary with a small but finite thickness ℓ, replacing both the Schwarzschild and de Sitter classical horizons. The resulting collapsed cold, compact object has no singularities, no event

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Ellis, John, N. E. Mavromatos, and D. V. Nanopoulos. "M-Theory from Worldsheet Defects in Liouville String." Modern Physics Letters A 12, no. 36 (1997): 2813–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732397002946.

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We have argued previously that black holes may be represented in a D-brane approach by monopole and vortex defects in a sine–Gordon field theory model of Liouville dynamics on the worldsheet. Supersymmetrizing this sine–Gordon system, we find critical behavior in 11 dimensions, due to defect condensation which we interpret as the worldsheet analog of D-brane condensation around an extra space–time dimension in M-theory. This supersymmetric description of Liouville dynamics has a natural embedding within a 12-dimensional framework suggestive of F-theory.

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ELLIS, JOHN, and N. E. MAVROMATOS. "CONFINEMENT IN GAUGE THEORIES FROM THE CONDENSATION OF WORLD SHEET DEFECTS IN LIOUVILLE STRING." International Journal of Modern Physics A 14, no. 24 (1999): 3761–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x99001743.

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We present a Liouville-string approach to confinement in four-dimensional gauge theories, which extends previous approaches to include nonconformal theories. We consider Liouville field theory on world sheets whose boundaries are the Wilson loops of gauge theory, which exhibit vortex and spike defects. We show that world sheet vortex condensation occurs when the Wilson loop is embedded in four target–space–time dimensions, and show that this corresponds to the condensation of gauge magnetic monopoles in target–space. We also show that vortex condensation generates an effective string tension c

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Gaspari, M., P. Temi, and F. Brighenti. "Raining on black holes and massive galaxies: the top-down multiphase condensation model." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 466, no. 1 (2016): 677–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw3108.

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Kitajima, Kanta, and Shu-ichiro Inutsuka. "An Origin of Narrow Extended Structure in the Interstellar Medium: An Interstellar Contrail Created by a Fast-moving Massive Object." Astrophysical Journal 945, no. 1 (2023): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acb7ea.

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Abstract We investigate the thermal condensation caused by a massive object that passes through the interstellar medium with high velocity, and propose a mechanism for creating a filamentary gaseous object, or interstellar contrail. Our main result shows that a long interstellar contrail can form with a certain parameter; a compact object more massive than 104 M ☉ can make a filament whose length is larger than 100 pc. Observation of interstellar contrails may provide information on the number, masses, and velocities of fast-moving massive objects, and can be a new method for probing invisible

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Hannikainen, D., and Ph Durouchoux. "Multiwavelength Temporal Behavior of GRS 1915+105." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 188 (1998): 396–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900115700.

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The transient X-ray source GRS 1915+105 was discovered in August 1992 with the GRANAT/WATCH all-sky monitor (Castro-Tirado et al. 1994). Subsequent VLA observations from March through April 1994 led to the discovery of apparent superluminal motion in a pair of radio condensations moving away from the compact radio core (Mirabel & Rodriguez 1994). These jet-like features are interpreted as a bipolar outflow with bulk velocity ~ 0.9c. Although no optical counterpart has been observed, due to the heavy extinction in the Galactic plane, and therefore not enabling measurements of the mass of th

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Vereshchagin, Gregory, and Mikalai Prakapenia. "Kinetics of Degenerate Electron–Positron Plasmas." Universe 8, no. 9 (2022): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8090473.

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Relativistic plasma can be formed in strong electromagnetic or gravitational fields. Such conditions exist in compact astrophysical objects, such as white dwarfs and neutron stars, as well as in accretion discs around neutron stars and black holes. Relativistic plasma may also be produced in the laboratory during interactions of ultra-intense lasers with solid targets or laser beams between themselves. The process of thermalization in relativistic plasma can be affected by quantum degeneracy, as reaction rates are either suppressed by Pauli blocking or intensified by Bose enhancement. In addit

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Kruglov, S. I. "Holographic superconductor with nonlinear Born–Infeld-type electrodynamics." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 03n04 (2019): 1950019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19500192.

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Holographic s-wave superconductors in the framework of nonlinear Born–Infeld-type electrodynamics are investigated in the background of Schwarzschild anti-de Sitter black holes. As particular cases, at some model parameters, we obtain results for Born–Infeld and exponential electrodynamics. We explore the analytical Sturm–Liouville eigenvalue problem in the probe limit where the scalar and electromagnetic fields do not affect the background metric. The critical temperatures of phase transitions and the order parameter are calculated which depend on the model parameters. We show that the critic

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HASHIMOTO, KOJI, PEI-MING HO, and JOHN E. WANG. "BIRTH OF CLOSED STRINGS AND DEATH OF OPEN STRINGS DURING TACHYON CONDENSATION." Modern Physics Letters A 20, no. 02 (2005): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732305016300.

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The tremendous progress achieved through the study of black holes and branes suggests that their time-dependent generalizations called Spacelike branes (S-branes) may prove similarly useful. An example of an established approach to S-branes is to include a string boundary interaction and we first summarize evidence for the death of open string degrees of freedom for the homogeneous rolling tachyon on a decaying brane. Then, we review how to extract the flat S-brane worldvolumes describing the homogeneous rolling tachyon and how large deformations correspond to creation of lower dimensional str

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