Academic literature on the topic 'Black rhetoric'

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Journal articles on the topic "Black rhetoric"

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Goodman, Rob. "The Rhetorical Roots of Du Bois's Double Consciousness." History of Political Thought 44, no. 3 (2023): 577–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.53765/20512988.44.3.577.

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Drawing on evidence from W. E. B. Du Bois's education, I argue that rhetoric is an important, yet overlooked, source of his concept of double consciousness. Du Bois transposed ideas of a divided self as a source of both power and anguish from classical rhetoric to the experience of racial oppression. I show how rhetoric supplies the 'causal mechanism' of double consciousness; readThe Souls of Black Folk as superimposed addresses to doubly- and singly-conscious audiences; and argue that Du Bois's 1930s turn to black-separatist cooperativism represents an attempted escape from double consciousness — and a recognition of rhetoric's limits under systemic injustice.
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Abdyganieva, Zh. "Linguistic Aspect of Black and White Rhetoric in Language (Based on the Russian and Kyrgyz Languages)." Bulletin of Science and Practice 10, no. 4 (2024): 644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/101/81.

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Examines the linguistic aspect of black and white rhetoric in speech. An individual’s speech activity is a rather complex and multifaceted phenomenon that reflects not only the personal and psychological characteristics of communicants, but also the degree of development of society as a whole. In the field of Kyrgyz linguistics, white and black rhetoric has not been the object of special research, and only a few works are indirectly related to this topic. Although texts have been the subject of linguistic, textual and pragmatic analysis within the framework of studies of system structure, semantic function and linguistic pragmatics, the rhetorical structure of texts in Kyrgyz linguistics remains unexplored. The purpose of this work is to consider, using facts and materials from the Russian and Kyrgyz languages as an example, some issues relating to white and black rhetoric. The study identifies and examines the principles of constructing white and black rhetoric in speech. At the same time, communication deserves special attention, since it plays a special role in the process of interpreting the addressee’s text.
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Shortell, Timothy. "The Rhetoric of Black Abolitionism." Social Science History 28, no. 1 (2004): 75–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014555320001275x.

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In a span of thirty years, from 1832 to 1862, American abolitionists were able to reverse public opinion in the North on the question of slavery.Despite the dramatic political shift, the emergent hostility to “slave power” did not lead to an embrace of racial equality. Abolitionists, in the face of America’s long history of racism, sought to link opposition to slavery with a call for civil rights. For black abolitionists, this was not only a strategic problem, it was a matter of self-definition. In the middle of the nineteenth century, the meanings of liberty, labor, and independence were the basis of contentious republican politics. Black abolitionists used this rhetorical raw material to fashion “fighting words” with which to generate solidarity and deliver their moral claims to the nation. This research employs an innovative strategy for the analysis of the discursive field, in an exploratory content analysis of five black newspapers in antebellum New York State. Computerized content analysis coded for themes, rhetoric, and ideology in a sample of more than 36,000 words of newspaper text. Although the discourse of black abolitionism is a social critique, it also contains a positive assertion of what free blacks would become. As important as the theme of “slavery” was to the discourse, so too were “colored” and “brotherhood.” This analysis consistently showed the key features of political antislavery argumentation to be most common in the Douglass newspapers (theNorth StarandFrederick Douglass' Paper).
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Menzel, Annie. "“Awful Gladness”: The Dual Political Rhetorics of Du Bois’s “Of the Passing of the First-Born”." Political Theory 47, no. 1 (2018): 32–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0090591718757411.

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W.E.B. Du Bois’s elegy for his infant son, “Of the Passing of the First-Born,” in The Souls of Black Folk, has received relatively scant attention from political theorists. Yet it illuminates crucial developments in Du Bois’s political thought. It memorializes a tragedy central to his turn from scientific facts to rhetorical appeals to emotion. Its rhetoric also exemplifies a broader tension in his writings, between masculinist and elitist commitments and more insurrectionary impulses. In its normalizing rhetorical mode, which dominates, the elegy depicts an idealized patriarchal bourgeois household—potentially eliciting white readers’ sympathetic identification, but failing to displace the gendered and classed logic of racial exclusion. Its moments of transgressive rhetoric complicate or refuse such identification, celebrating Burghardt’s racial impurity and invoking a lineage of black maternal ambivalence. Though each is vexed and ephemeral, these moments of transgressive rhetoric reveal countervailing impulses that Du Bois would articulate in later writings.
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Nevelska-Hordieieva, Olena, and Valeriia Nechytailo. "«BLACK RHETORIC» AS A MANIPULATIVE TECHNIQUE." BULLETIN OF YAROSLAV MUDRYI NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY. SERIES:PHILOSOPHY, PHILOSOPHIES OF LAW, POLITICAL SCIENCE, SOCIOLOGY 49, no. 2 (2021): 81–92. https://doi.org/10.21564/2663-5704.49.229781.

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Problem setting. Manipulations are the main thing in «black rhetoric». Nowadays, it is not difficult to influence with the help of words, different techniques can be used, but they all act as a forced verbal influence on the listener. All of them are formulated and sound based on the power of words. However, where the coercion of submission to another’s will is disguised and hidden, there is always contempt and speculation. Therefore, it is no coincidence that most experts raise the question of the moral side of the use of black rhetoric. However, it is fair to say that «black rhetoric» does not mean that it is «forbidden rhetoric.» Most likely – this is the reverse side of the classic rules of the communicative process. These are two reverse sides of the same coin: on the one hand, argumentation and logic are clearly presented. On the other hand – rhetoric as a method of securing beliefs. It is believed that black rhetoric is constructive under certain conditions. Paper objective. An article devoted to the study of the problems of the application of manipulations with «black rhetoric», coverage of the technology of black rhetoric and methods of resistance to the means and technical manipulative influence on consciousness. The aim of the study is to reveal the techniques of «black rhetoric» and find ways to overcome several methods of manipulating consciousness. Paper main body. According to K. Bredemayer, «black rhetoric» is the manipulation of a complex of rhetorical, dialectical, polemical and rabid methods in order to direct the conversation in the desired direction and lead the opponent or the audience to the desired conclusion and result for the manipulator. «Black rhetoric» and logic are interconnected, they are united not only by a common process of proof, but also by the fact that each of the sciences is based on thinking, in fact, the main type of rhetoric is verbal thinking, and the most important argument is manipulation. Verbal thinking – thinking that operates with fixed concepts in words, thoughts, conclusions, analyzes and summarizes, builds hypotheses and theory. It takes place in forms that are constant in the language, ie carried out in the processes of internal or(«thinking aloud») external language. Communication through verbal means is nothing more than the use of a living word in the transmission of information. But in addition to language, speech, there are other means of communication. People exchange information through gestures, facial expressions, looks, postures, body movements, which are called non-verbal (non-verbal) means of communication. Nonverbal communication is a system of nonverbal cues that serve as a means of exchanging information between people. There is no consensus on the composition of nonverbal components of communication, their classification is based on different criteria. Thus, the communicative nonverbal components of communication are praxodic, kinetic, toxic and proxemic means. «Black rhetoric» uses primarily verbal manipulations. Manipulation is the covert control of people and their behavior. The peculiarity of all manipulative language techniques is that the speaker does not directly state his true purpose. The interlocutor seems to come to the conclusion that the manipulator needs. Language manipulation can be found in almost all spheres of human life: in advertising, trade, politics, education, psychotherapy, jurisprudence, literature, family communication and more. In addition to language manipulation, there is also psychological manipulation, which has the following characteristics: the attitude of the manipulator to the objects of manipulation as a means to achieve one’s own goal; the desire to gain a unilateral advantage; the latent nature of the influence (both the fact of influence and its direction); use of psychological vulnerability of the person. The analysis of the listed manipulative techniques of «black rhetoric» shows the absence of logical methods of proof and refutation. Psychological factors, emotional influences, suggestive possibilities are emphasized – thinking avoids logical principles of proof and refutation. Conclusions of the research. Strategies such as: take the initiative in the conversation to prevent manipulation; do not allow a skillful interlocutor-manipulator to disturb the normal course of your thoughts in his favor, because black rhetoric seeks to use linguistic means, the purpose of which is the ability to argue and discuss, emphasize and propagate so that the speaker always wins, despite the erroneous judgments. To effectively counteract «black rhetoric», psychological influence through critical thinking and reflection should be avoided; emphasize the logical means of discussion; analyze the information by comparing the proposed facts to be verified. Mastering the logical methods of introducing a discussion allows you to overcome the dangerous effects of «black rhetoric», to resist suggestions. Information security is thus achieved by mastering logical knowledge and skills of logical proof and refutation.
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Waddell, Neal, and Bernard McKenna. "The colour of rhetoric in the contemporary agora." Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, no. 22 (November 15, 2009): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2009.22.16.

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Rhetoric has three colours: white, black, and grey. White rhetoric is the Grecian Agoric ideal and black rhetoric is its mockery in the form of cheap point-scoring and open deceitfulness. Both are commonly used and obvious. A third, grey, rhetoric, however, is the most pervasive and devious kind of rhetoric in contemporary political discourse, which has developed in response to changing patterns of journalistic inquisition in the 24/7 news and public affairs era. This paper describes the three types of rhetoric, and argues that the Fourth Estate has an important democratic role in counteracting black and grey rhetoric.
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Pough, Gwendolyn D. "Empowering Rhetoric: Black Students Writing Black Panthers." College Composition and Communication 53, no. 3 (2002): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1512134.

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Pough, Gwendolyn D. "Empowering Rhetoric: Black Students Writing Black Panthers." College Composition & Communication 53, no. 3 (2002): 466–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ccc20021459.

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This article examines Black student responses to Black Panther Party documents and how those documents moved the students toward change. I maintain that by allowing the classroom to function as a public space in which students can discuss the issues that matter to them, teachers can help to foster and encourage student activism and ultimately their empowerment.
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Siegfried, Kate. "“Our Right to Travel”." Rhetoric, Politics & Culture 2, no. 1 (2022): 87–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/rpc.2.1.0087.

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Abstract In 1952, Paul Robeson and the Canadian Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter workers held a concert at Peace Arch Park on the border of the United States and Canada to protest the State Department's revoking of Robeson's passport for his condemnation of U.S. imperialist foreign policy, racism, and colonialism. Through his entangled use of place-as rhetoric and place-based rhetorics at the concert, Robeson charted a Black internationalist rhetorical cartography. Robeson's cartography contested the existing imperial world-order that is itself configured through Westphalian logics oriented around maintaining and projecting the European balance of power. Robeson's Black internationalist cartography hinges on freedom of movement as a teleology that circumvents imperial constructions of national sovereignty. This Black internationalist cartography offers a vision of a new world detached from imperial and colonial nationhood, ultimately demonstrating how space can be reimagined within contexts of racialized containment.
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Radin, Margaret Jane. "Affirmative Action Rhetoric." Social Philosophy and Policy 8, no. 2 (1991): 130–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500001163.

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For the students, while the numbers are up,… the problem that minorities face – and it is persistent – is that there is still too much of a patronizing air in the professional schools. And there's still too much of the notion that if you're here it must be because someone gave you a break and you're different and you really don't belong here. And indeed when my son went off to school four years ago… I really wanted to warn him about the atmosphere that you see on all too many campuses, diat if you're black and walking on campus, that all too many people look at you and say, “You must be an affirmative action product,” whatever that means to them. “You're here only at our good grace.” And no one's looking at the individual. Thinking about it in retrospect, I guess, in some ways I enjoyed an advantage in being [the only black in my law school class]. It was a terrible disadvantage in a lot of ways, but, because I was the only black, the one thing I never faced was anyone ever challenging my intellectual capability. The way they brought this off was to say, “Well, you're different. You're black but you're not really black.” I think it's a lot worse now…. Professional schools are hard enough as it is, and to constantly have the pressure of what others are thinking about you and wondering whether you really belong, that really is a difficult burden.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Black rhetoric"

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Similly, Leslie E. "Black vernacular English and the rhetoric of Jeremiah Wright /." Read thesis online, 2008. http://library.uco.edu/UCOthesis/SimillyLE2008.pdf.

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McFadden, Preston Claudette. "The rhetoric of Minister Louis Farrakhan : a pluralistic approach /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487323583619327.

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Allen, Laura L. "Hospitable Literacies: The Writing and Rhetorical Practices of Black Family Reunions Online and Offline." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1588612065779209.

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Tillman, Danielle L. "Un-Fairytales: Realism and Black Feminist Rhetoric in the Works of Jessie Fauset." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_theses/91.

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I am baffled each time someone asks me, “Who is Jessie Fauset?” As I delved into critical work written on Fauset, I found her critics dismissed her work because they read them as bad fairytales that showcase the lives of middle-class Blacks. I respectfully disagree. It is true that her novels concentrate on the Black middle-class; they also focus on the realities of Black women, at a time when they were branching out of their homes and starting careers, not out of financial necessity but arising from their desire for working. They establish the start of what Patricia Hill Collins later coined “Black feminism” through strong female characters that refuse to be defined by society. This thesis seeks to add Jessie Fauset to the canon of Black feminists by using Collins’ theories on Black feminism to analyze Fauset’s first two novels, There Is Confusion and Plum Bun.
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Hall, Ashley Renee. "ENVISIONING ANTI-BLACK ABORTION RHETORIC: AN ANALYSIS OF THE RADIANCE FOUNDATION'S BILLBOARD CAMPAIGN." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/930.

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In contemporary society, public discourse about abortion remains substantially controversial. Although the U.S. abortion debate remains in the public eye, there has been little to no attention focused on race. This project interrogates the role of race and racial identity in the abortion debate through. To investigate the existence of race in contemporary U.S. abortion rhetoric, I utilize a three-part conceptual framework as my rhetorical method. I examine TRF billboard campaign, paying particular attention to its employment of collective memory. Moreover, I examine how the campaign uses African American collective memories to create and sustain an argument concerning Black abortion. I conclude that racialized abortion rhetoric demands scholarly attention because it extends the boundaries of conversations about abortion. Furthermore, I contend that anti-Black abortion rhetoric increases our understanding of how communication and racial/ethnic identities mutually develop.
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Lastrapes, Martin Larry. "Black and white and read all over: An analysis of narratives in the O.J. Simpson murder trial." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3093.

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The thesis examines the O.J. Simpson murder trial and analyzes the racial narratives that affected its outcome and the way it is perceived by the American public. By examining four books about the trial written by lawyers who served on the case, the analysis focuses on how race functions within each of the reconstructed narratives, as well as within the framework of the U.S. criminal justice system. The author argues that racial narratives affect how and why people can see the same event differently, a prime example of which is the O.J. Simpson murder trial. Representations of Mark Fuhrman, his role in the O.J. Simpson trial, and how these are affected by racial narratives are also discussed. The author concludes that the O.J. Simpson murder trial presented an opportunity in which issues concerning race, race relations, and ideologies about race could be openly discussed.
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Francisco, Dominique K. "Out of Resistance Sparks Hope: An Afrocentric Rhetorical Analysis of Mothers of Slain Black Children." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1592135067647318.

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Baird, Pauline Felicia. "Towards A Cultural Rhetorics Approach to Caribbean Rhetoric: African Guyanese Women from the Village of Buxton Transforming Oral History." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1458317632.

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Cole, Krystal S. "Rhetoric, identity and the Obama racial phenomenon: exploring Obama’s title as the “first black president”." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3297.

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In 2008, a nearly 200 year U.S. historical precedent was overturned when Barack Obama was named the “first Black president.” Although Obama is of mixed heritage, he adopted an almost singularly Black identity and has long been characterized by the media as Black. This study is concerned with the role that society and Obama’s acceptance of the title play in identifying and portraying him as the “first Black president.” This study compares Barack Obama’s self-portrayal in his book, Dreams from my Father, to mainstream and Black media portrayals of his race. Results track Obama’s self portrayal as Black, mainstream media’s sensemaking of his classification as the “first Black president” and Black media’s unquestioned acceptance of the classification.<br>Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The Elliott School of Communication.
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Jakse, Vanessa. "The Black Blood of the Tennysons: Rhetoric of Melancholy and the Imagination in Tennyson's Poetry." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1403722947.

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Books on the topic "Black rhetoric"

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Doreski, Carole. Writing America Black: Race rhetoric in the public sphere. Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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A, Niles Lyndrey, ed. African American rhetoric: A reader. Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 1995.

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1970-, Jackson Ronald L., and Richardson Elaine B. 1960-, eds. Understanding African American rhetoric: Classical origins to contemporary innovations. Routledge, 2003.

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Davidson, Maria del Guadalupe. The rhetoric of race: Towards a revolutionary construction of black identity. Publicacions de la Universitat de València, 2006.

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1960-, Richardson Elaine B., and Jackson Ronald L. 1970-, eds. African American rhetoric(s): Interdisciplinary perspectives. Southern Illinois University Press, 2004.

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Stancliff, Michael. Frances Ellen Watkins Harper: African American reform rhetoric and the rise of a modern nation state. Routledge, 2010.

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Unchained, Fly Ty. Black Rhetoric. Lulu Press, Inc., 2017.

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Brooks, Earl H. On Rhetoric and Black Music. Wayne State University Press, 2024.

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Black Orpheus rhetoric and readings. Pearson Custom, 2002.

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Gordon, Dexter B. Black Identity: Rhetoric, Ideology, and Nineteenth-Century Black Nationalism. Southern Illinois University, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Black rhetoric"

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Gilyard, Keith, and Adam J. Banks. "Rhetoric and Black Twitter." In On African-American Rhetoric. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315108636-6.

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Robinson, Michelle Bachelor. "Black Arts: Black Argument." In The Routledge Reader of African American Rhetoric. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003572534-20.

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Rousseau, Nicole. "The Significance of Social Rhetoric." In Black Woman's Burden. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230623941_4.

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Byrne, Dara N. "Black Technocultural Expressivity." In The Routledge Reader of African American Rhetoric. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003572534-18.

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Lucas, Brad E. "Black and White in Action." In Radicals, Rhetoric, and the War. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403983152_3.

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Cobb, Tianna. "Destigmatizing Black Mental Health." In Strategic Interventions in Mental Health Rhetoric. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003144854-11.

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Robinson, Michelle Bachelor, Khirsten L. Echols, and Vorris L. Nunley. "Black Presence: African American Political Rhetoric." In The Routledge Reader of African American Rhetoric. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003572534-9.

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Gray, Kishonna L., and Kathryn Kohls. "White Streaming. Black Aesthetics." In The Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Feminist Rhetoric. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003401636-15.

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Smith, Terry. "Black Tea: Black Conservatives and the Rhetoric of Social Conservatism." In Barack Obama, Post-Racialism, and the New Politics of Triangulation. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230372016_4.

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James, Joy. "Race Women and Black Feminisms." In The Routledge Reader of African American Rhetoric. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003572534-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Black rhetoric"

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Hilmy, F. F. "The Palestinian rhetoric." In Integrated Design Research Conference 2024, edited by S. Samarawickrama. Department of Integrated Design, Faculty of Architecture, University of Moratuwa., 2024. https://doi.org/10.31705/idr.2024.7.

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The analysis begins by examining Palestine, a historically significant region in the Levant under Israeli occupation since 1948, following the Balfour Declaration—a Zionist-supported statement by the British Government advocating the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine. This occupation has caused ongoing conflict, displacement, and severe restrictions on Palestinian rights. Settlement expansion, military control, and recurring violence continue to profoundly affect Palestinian communities. The escalation in Gaza on October 7, 2023, brought renewed attention to the region, underscoring how media language shapes global perceptions and the importance of using accurate terminology to reflect realities on the ground. Neutral language often downplays the disproportionate impact on Palestinians. Influenced by works like Perceptions of a Renegade Mind by David Icke and Neil Postman’s Amusing Ourselves to Death and Technopoly on media’s psychological influence, this research involved methodical comparisons between mainstream media headlines and authentic narratives from Palestinian journalists. It examined the linguistic framing of events, building an understanding of how specific terms impact public perception. For example, a New York Times headline on October 7 reads, “They Ran Into a Bomb Shelter for Safety. Instead, They Were Slaughtered.” In contrast, a November 18 headline on Palestinian deaths states, “The War Turns Gaza Into a ‘Graveyard’ for Children,” using passive language and attributing “graveyard” to a UN quote. Unlike the emotionally charged language in the October 7 coverage, the Gaza story avoids strong terms. Similarly, the Washington Post repeatedly used “massacre” to describe October 7, as in “President Biden faces growing pressure...to punish Iran after Hamas’s massacre.” However, a November 13 report on Israel’s bombing and siege in Gaza, where 1 in 200 Palestinians died, avoids terms like “massacre” or “slaughter,” instead using passive descriptions such as “been killed” or “died.” In Al Jazeera’s documentary Failing Gaza: Behind the Lens of Western Media, a CNN journalist named Adam revealed troubling biases in his network’s narratives post-October 7. Adam noted that CNN reporters were, for a time, unable to label airstrikes in Gaza as such without Israeli confirmation, an inconsistency in journalistic standards. These terms and manipulated vocabularies subtly influence public perception, revealing a clear pattern of language that minimizes Palestinian voices and experiences. This context informed the creation of The Palestinian Rhetoric, a dictionary designed in the symbolic red, black, and white of the Palestinian flag, to present more accurate terms related to the Palestinian cause, with accompanying historical backgrounds. The dictionary aims to educate readers and foster awareness of the power of language in shaping global perspectives, emphasizing the importance of precise word choice in conveying truth and promoting understanding. Through intentional research and collaboration with Palestinian journalists and writers, the author analyzed the nuanced vocabulary mainstream media employs, often to obscure or soften the harsh realities Palestinians face. Over three months of academic research, this effort culminated in a lexicon that reveals subtle yet significant linguistic biases. The dictionary’s design incorporates Tatreez—traditional embroidery that symbolizes resilience and cultural identity—on the cover, reflecting Palestinian endurance despite decades of hardship. Each alphabetic section features double-exposure typography, blending black-and-white imagery into letterforms as a visual metaphor for layered narratives surrounding the Palestinian cause. Each letter, embedded with historical or cultural significance, transcends mere typography to embody a visual narrative resonating with Palestinian identity, history, and resistance. The typefaces used in the dictionary include Disclaimer for the prominently displayed page numbers, symbolizing 76 years of oppression, Helvetica Neue Medium Extended for quotations, and Helvetica Regular for body text. Helvetica’s clean, understated design ensures readability and objectivity while keeping the focus on vocabulary. First showcased at the 2024 Festival of Creativity, AMDT (Academy of Multimedia, Design and Technology) Graduation Showcase, this dictionary attracted significant interest, with many attendees eager to purchase or access it. Recognizing its value as an educational resource, the dictionary is now being distributed through social media and non-profit networks, helping to correct biased portrayals and promote a more accurate narrative surrounding the Palestinian cause.
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Arteaga, Nicole, and Glenda Drew. "The Origin of Anti-Hispanic Rhetoric - The Spanish Black Legend." In C&C '19: Creativity and Cognition. ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3325480.3326550.

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Pogue, Tiffany. "A Hidden Curriculum: How Black Educators Used Popular Rhetoric to Rationalize a Movement." In 2023 AERA Annual Meeting. AERA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/2016191.

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Mouton, Thomas. "Processional Dérive: Review of New Orleans Black Masking Indian Parading as Psychogeographical Praxis." In 112th ACSA Annual Meeting. ACSA Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.112.49.

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This paper will review the Black Masking Indian culture of New Orleans, Louisiana through the lens of Henry Louis Gates Jr’s. Signifyin(g) concept as well as concepts from the Situationist International (SI). Outside of New Orleans they may be more commonly known as Mardi Gras Indians, but Black Masking Indians will be used throughout the paper. Gate’s literary concept allows for a historicization of the Black Masking Indian culture as a series of subversive acts by utilizing the rhetorical black homonym to contextualize the Black Masking Indian processions not merely as just another organization parading during Mardi Gras. With the inclusion of literary concepts, these place-making performative rituals embody AbdouMaliq Simone’s Generic Blackness which “points to the substrates of city-making which prevailing regimes of urban power can never fully apprehend or control”. Literary concepts are crucial to overcoming these issues of apprehension, illuminating the complexity inherit within any marginalized community’s inhabitation of space.Utilization of literary concepts allow for apprehension of the performative processions as radical spatial praxis with recognizable similarities to psychogeographical concepts developed by the French collective. In Black Masking Indian procession’s one will find variations in application of Psychogeography which allow for the study of specific effects of the urban (geographic) environment on the emotions and behaviors of individuals when conducted by racialized groups. The sections proceeding the initial literary review will criti-cally examine the lack of inclusive Psychogeography studies from the SI. As Khatib was the sole none white member of the SI, examination of Abdelhafid Khatib’s failed attempt at a psychogeographic study raises critical questions for the application of SI concepts with marginalized communities.Overall the goal of this paper is to examine the potential inclusion of literary concepts countering the typical reading of the Black Masking Indian processions and New Orleans Mardi Gras as “one in the same.” Presented as such is characteristic of a Eurocentric hegemonic observation, both in its failure to identify the micro-cultural events as radical spatial praxis and its perpetuation of passive racist tropes of marginalized communities as void of agency and incapable of self-actualization. Insights from this comparative review provide a critical lens in which to view the social, geographic, and historic separation between the SI and Black Masking Indians. What can be concluded from this comparative review is how the complexity of subaltern urban spatial inhabitation requires the synthesis of theorists not often associated with spatial studies. This of course highlights the continued predominance of white Eurocentric spatial theories and the need for a pluralistic methodological approach that develops a critical spatial discourse incorporating theories from the Global South as well as literary concepts.
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