Academic literature on the topic 'Black separate development'
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Journal articles on the topic "Black separate development"
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Strom, Robert, Shirley Strom, Pat Collinsworth, Paris Strom, and Dianne Griswold. "Black Grandparents: Curriculum Development." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 43, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/j1wa-wh8g-h6n2-dpqa.
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The performance of Black grandparents was examined to determine the most suitable content for an educational program intended to assist them in their role. A sample of 626 non-consanguineous subjects included 204 grandparents, 128 parents, and 294 grandchildren. Each generation group completed a separate version of the Grandparent Strengths and Needs Inventory to identify the favorable qualities of grandparents and aspects of their relationships in which further growth was necessary. A combination of multivariate analysis of variance procedures, univariate analysis of variance tests, and t-tests were used to analyze scores, confirm results, and assist with interpretation of data. All groups described aspects of grandparents success and made known specific realms of learning that grandparents should acquire in order to become more effective. Analysis of the responses revealed significant main effects for generation, gender of grandchild, age of grandchild, and amount of time that grandparent and grandchild spent together. Considerations were identified for improving grandparent influence and guiding the development of grandparent education programs.
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Hess, W. M., P. C. Vegvari, and R. A. Swor. "Carbon Black in NR/BR Blends for Truck Tires." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 58, no. 2 (May 1, 1985): 350–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536071.
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Abstract A series of ten commercial tread-grade carbon blacks were evaluated in a 60/40 NR/BR truck tire tread formulation. A number of important physical properties and performance criteria were assessed in terms of carbon black surface area and DBPA. Significant response equations were obtained for viscosity, bound rubber, resilience, heat buildup, tear strength, and dynamic properties. Dynamic modulus showed a much greater dependence on DBPA in comparison to previous studies on SBR/BR compounds. In a second designed experiment, a single carbon black (N299) was studied as a function of the NR/BR ratio and the amount of carbon black added to the BR phase. The BR black loading was varied at 30, 60, and 90 phr using separate masterbatches which were blended with NR-black masterbatches to give the same final composition for all of the compounds. Properties such as resilience, heat buildup, fatigue life, and tear strength were all improved in the direction of higher loadings of carbon black in the NR phase. A high loading of black in the BR phase caused low bound-rubber development and poor dispersion. This was found to be related to the viscosity ratio of the separate masterbatches. NR to BR viscosity ratios of about 1 to 3 produced good dispersion and high bound rubber. When the BR masterbatch viscosity was two to three times higher than the NR masterbatch, however, dispersion and bound-rubber development dropped sharply at the same total mixing energy. Low hysteresis properties were found to be most dependent on high bound-rubber development, with polymer phase distribution having a relatively minor influence. In contrast, tear strength and fatigue life reached their maximum levels when the NR was the more continuous polymer phase. High bound rubber also appears to enhance tear strength and fatigue life by improving the microdispersion of the carbon black.
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Paleker, Gairoonisa. "‘Ethnic Films’ for Ethnic Homelands: ‘Black Films’ and Separate Development in Apartheid South Africa, 1972–1979." South African Historical Journal 63, no. 1 (March 2011): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2011.549378.
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Powell, Edward. "Equality or unity? Black Consciousness, white solidarity, and the new South Africa in Nadine Gordimer’s Burger’s Daughter and July’s People." Journal of Commonwealth Literature 54, no. 2 (February 13, 2017): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021989416687349.
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In the early 1970s, the Black Consciousness movement called on black radicals to dissociate themselves from dissident white South Africans, who were accused of frustrating the anti-apartheid cause in order to safeguard their ill-gotten privileges. In turn, liberal whites condemned this separatism as a capitulation to apartheid’s vision of “separate development”, despite the movement’s avowed aspiration towards a nonracial South Africa. This article considers how black separatism affected Nadine Gordimer’s own perspective on the prospect of achieving this aspiration. For Gordimer, Black Consciousness was necessary for black liberation, and she sought ways of reconciling white dissidents with black separatism. Still, these efforts didn’t always sit well together with her continuing belief that if there were to be a place for whites in a majority-ruled South Africa, then they needed to join blacks in a “common culture”. I consider how this tension marks Gordimer’s portraits of whites responding to being rejected by blacks in Burger’s Daughter and July’s People. In both novels, white efforts to resist apartheid’s racial segregations appear to be at odds with black self-liberation, with the effect that whites must find a way of doing without the as-yet deferred prospect of establishing a “common culture” in South Africa.
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Watkins, William. "Black Curriculum Orientations: A Preliminary Inquiry." Harvard Educational Review 63, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 321–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.63.3.26k2433r77v631k2.
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In this article, William Watkins presents a historical discussion that traces the development of six different curriculum orientations in the educational experience of African Americans. He begins by pointing out that Black curriculum development is inextricably tied to Black America's experience of slavery and oppression in the United States. Watkins then outlines the six orientations, each of which represents African Americans' differing, although sometimes overlapping, sociopolitical responses to their historical reality. The author concludes that, because of the oppressiveness and separateness of U.S. society, Black curriculum orientations will continue to develop as both a part of and separate from the mainstream curriculum movement. Finally,he suggests that further study of the relationship of ethnicity, race, and culture to curriculum may be revealing as we examine contemporary urban education.
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Gerrath, Jean M., and Usher Posluszny. "Morphological and anatomical development in the Vitaceae. IV. Floral development in Parthenocissus inserta." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 1356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-180.
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The floral ontogeny of Parthenocissus inserta, based on histological and three-dimensional observations, is presented. The inflorescence primordium arises in a leaf-opposed position at two of three nodes. It becomes subtended by a bract, and then bifurcates equally to form a lateral and a main arm. Inflorescence branches are initiated on both arms to form a series of dichasia. The transition from inflorescence branch primordium to floral primordium is marked by the initiation of three sepal primordia. Subsequently a ring primordium forms as the fourth and fifth sepal primordia are initiated, resulting in a calyx which encircles the floral apex. Petals and stamens arise simultaneously as five common petal–stamen primordia, alternating with the sepals. They bifurcate to form separate petal and stamen primordia. The petals are greenish, valvate, hooded, and are separate at maturity. The tetrasporangiate anthers are introrse and pollen is tricolporate. The gynoecium arises as a ring primordium. Two septa arise from the inner gynoecial wall and the floral apex, and will eventually form an essentially two-loculed superior ovary. Two ovules are initiated from the base of each septum. Each of the four ovules is anatropous and bitegmic at maturity. A disc arises from the base of the gynoecium. It appears as five pinkish protuberances of the ovary base at maturity and secretes a nectarlike substance. The fruit is a one- to four-seeded blue-black berry.
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Prévost, Y. H. "SPRUCE CONE AXIS MIDGE, DASINEURA RACHIPHAGA TRIPP (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE), IN CONES OF BLACK SPRUCE, PICEA MARIANA (MILL.) B.S.P." Canadian Entomologist 122, no. 3 (June 1990): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent122441-5.
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AbstractThe development of spruce cone axis midge, Dasineura rachiphaga Tripp, and its parasitoids, Platygaster lucida Fouts and Torymus sp., was studied in relation to the availability and development stage of black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., cones.Spruce cone axis midge inhabiting black spruce cones appeared to undergo an extended diapause. This phenomenon probably was related to the production of cones. Platygaster lucida also appeared to undergo extended diapause and the proportion of P. lucida extending their diapause paralleled that of spruce cone axis midge which suggested a close dependance to their host.Spruce cone axis midge, P. lucida, and Torymus sp. emerged from mature cones about the same time and were closely synchronized with the availability of black spruce flowers.External morphological characters of the spruce cone axis midge that separate the two sexes in the pupal stage were described.
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McAllister, Patrick. "Relocation and Advocacy in South Africa's Transkei." Practicing Anthropology 12, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.12.3.a11461556024405w.
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Six years ago the Surplus People's Project, an investigation into forced removals in South Africa, reported that some3.5 million black people had been "uprooted and relocated: as a direct result of prevailing apartheid policies. This figure does not include the missions of people relocated within the areas reserved for blacks (the "homelands") in the name of agricultural "betterment" schemes and associated ideas concerning conservation and rural development, about which relatively little has been written. In what follows I outline what "betterment" entails and look at the implementation of such a plan in Shixini, an administrative area or ward in Willowvale district, Transkei, one of the supposedly "independent states" created under the policy of separate development. Secondly, I document an attempt by a group of researchers at Rhodes University, including myself, to generate an alternative development program for Shixini (and an alternative to "betterment" in the Transkei as a whole).
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Adelman, Madeline, Jesse Veenstra, Ira Wollner, and Joseph McGoey. "Why is My Skin Turning Black? A Rare Side Effect of Capecitabine." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 4, no. 3 (May 8, 2020): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.4.3.12.
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Introduction: Capecitabine is an oral chemotherapy frequently used in the treatment of metastatic breast and colorectal cancers. Drug-induced cutaneous hyperpigmentation is a rare adverse effect of capecitabine, which is almost exclusively reported with development of hand-foot syndrome (HFS). Here, we report a case of capecitabine-induced hyperpigmentation affecting the hands, feet, face, and tongue in the complete absence of HFS.Case report: An 82-year old man presented with progressive hyperpigmentation of his hands, feet, face, and tongue shortly after initiating capecitabine for treatment of colon adenocarcinoma. There was no associated erythema, edema, blistering, desquamation, tingling, or tenderness. After completion of capecitabine therapy, he endorsed 95% resolution of all hyperpigmentation.Discussion: Previous reports of capecitabine-induced hyperpigmentation have argued that it may be a sign of impending toxicity and should be a part of the HFS grading scale. Others argue that the two are separate entities, yet the mechanism is still unknown. This case supports that capecitabine can cause hyperpigmentation independent of HFS, and thus, should be evaluated as a separate entity of HFS if other symptoms are lacking.
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Anderson, Brian, Matthew Russell, Marcella Windmuller-Campione, Brian Palik, and Douglas Kastendick. "Development and Evaluation of Black Spruce (Picea mariana (Miller) B.S.P.) Diameter Increment Models across Silvicultural Treatments in Northern Minnesota, USA." Forests 9, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9120747.
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The black spruce cover type occupies roughly 10% of Minnesota’s 7 million hectares of forestland, and is an important species, both ecologically and economically. A clearcut regeneration harvest is the main silvicultural system in black spruce in this region. The effects of managing black spruce with alternative silvicultural methods in the Lake States remains largely understudied. Here, we examine a silviculture study in lowland black spruce to assess the performance of two diameter growth models fit to this data compared to a widely-used model. Six silvicultural treatments (clearcut strips, clearcut patches, thinning, group selection, single-tree selection, and shelterwood) and a control were treated and measured around 1950, with a follow-up measurement occurring 10 years later. Fixed- and mixed-effects growth-models were adapted from the previous work, and fit to 10,231 observations and compared to a recently released diameter growth model. The mixed-effects model using treatment, compartment, and plot as nested random effects outperformed the fixed-effects model, and outperformed a model proposed for use in the Lake States variant of the Forest Vegetation Simulator that was fit to this data. This modeling approach of localized growth models across a wide-range of diameters (9.1–32.1 cm) more accurately predicted the diameter growth in lowland black spruce than the conventional approach of using separate models for large (>12.7 cm) and small (≤12.7 cm) diameter trees.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Black separate development"
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Tabata, Wonga. "AWG Champion, Zulu Nationalism and `Separate Development' in South Africa, 1965 -1975." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1205.
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This is a historical study of AWG Champion, the former leader of the Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union (ICU) and provincial President of the African National Congress, in the politics of Zululand and Natal from 1965 to 1975. The study examines the introduction of the Zulu homeland and how different political forces in that region of South Africa responded to the idea of a Zulu homeland during the period under review. It also deals with Champion's political alienation from the ANC.
This dissertation is also a study of the development of Zulu ethnic nationalism within the structures of apartheid or separate development, the homelands.
Issues running throughout the study are the questions of how and why Champion tried and failed to manipulate `separate development' in order to build a Zulu ethnic political base.History
M.A. (History)
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Seroto, Johannes. "The impact of South African legislation (1948-2004) on Black education in rural areas: a historical educational perspective." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1915.
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Rethinking education in rural areas firstly requires reviewing different legislation from a historical perspective and then reconsidering the place of education in the current rural development debate. To a large extent, rural areas have been neglected in development policies and similarly, the rural dimension of basic education issues, especially in South Africa, has been largely overlooked. Basic facts and figures, as elaborated in this thesis, shed light on the need to devote more attention to rural education.
In this thesis, South African legislation in relation to basic education for Black people in rural areas during the colonial period up to the democratic era was investigated. The impact of South African legislation on Black education in rural areas is difficult to unravel and solve overnight since its thinking and practice was consolidated over centuries. However, an attempt was made to determine what the policymakers, mostly White dominated governments who ascribed to segregatory and racial attitudes, did to ensure that different policies enshrined in various legislation impacted negatively on education of people predominantly residing in rural areas.
The research affirmed that education of Black people in rural areas was, in most instances negatively impacted by policies of previous White governments. The apartheid government (1948-1993) used poor funding strategies to ensure that there were low teacher-pupil ratios and teacher qualifications. Unequal pattern of education spending continued well into the democratic era. This poor funding which impacted negatively on, especially rural schools, made infrastructural provision in rural areas difficult.
Even though the democratic government have competitive legislative policies in place, it was concluded that educational policies since 1994 were hastily implemented and insufficient consideration has been given to the contextual realities in South African schooling, particularly in rural areas. Hence the democratic government still need to give grave attention to the issue of education in rural areas.Educational Studies
DED (HISTORY OF EDUCATION)
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Scheepers, Angelo. "A critical analysis of the structural dynamics operative within the Baptist Union of Southern Africa (BUSA) from 1960-2005 and an evaluation of these dynamics in the light of BUSA ecclesiology." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25832.
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After highlighting the events that gave rise to the writing of this dissertation, the writer proceeds with a critical analysis of the structural and leadership dynamics of the Baptist Union of Southern Africa (BUSA) from 1960-2005. Beginning with the formation of BUSA in 1877, he shows how that the South African Baptist Missionary Society (SABMS - the Missions arm of BUSA), established in 1892, developed in a parallel manner alongside of BUSA and questions whether the two bodies were over one. Throughout the dissertation, he pointed out how, up to the late eighties, the structural and leadership dynamics of BUSA tended to favour one culture above the others who, in fact, were in the majority. The writer identifies the key trends within each decade from 1960-2005 with regard to BUSA's structural dynamics and views the following two events as causing a major turnaround resulting in great transformation during the 1990's. They were: - The withdrawal of the Black Baptist Convention from BUSA in 1987 and
- The turbulent 1989 National Assembly in Kimberley
Dissertation (MA(Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Practical Theology
unrestricted
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Pillay, Thavamani. "The artistic practices of contemporary South African Indian women artists : how race, class and gender affect the making of visual art." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18736.
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In view of the scarcity of Indian women in the South African art field, this study investigates how issues of race, class and gender can affect the decision to become and sustain a career as a professional artist. By exploring the historical background of the Indian community and their patriarchal mind set it becomes clear that women's roles in this community have always been prescribed by tradition and cultural values, despite western influence. Moreover the legacy of apartheid created a situation in which black artists, especially women. have not always benefitted in terms of career opportunities. The research is based on case studies of five Indian women who have received due recognition as artists: Lalitha Jawahirilal, Usha Seejarim, Sharlene Khan, Simmi Dullay and Reshma Chhiba. These artists' lives, careers and artistic output are closely studied, documented and critically interpreted using key concepts such as orientalism, black feminism and post colonialism.Art History, Visual Arts & Musicology
M.A. (Art History)
Books on the topic "Black separate development"
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Separate development und das Department of Bantu Administration in Südafrika: Geschichte und Analyse der Spezialverwaltungen für Schwarze. Hamburg: Institut für Afrika-Kunde im Verbund der Stiftung Deutsches Übersee-Institut, 1999.
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Dieter, Fleck, ed. The Handbook of International Humanitarian Law. 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198847960.001.0001.
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This updated and revised fourth edition sets out a Black Letter text of international humanitarian law accompanied by case analysis and extensive explanatory commentary. The book takes account of recent legal developments, such as the 2017 Nuclear Weapons Prohibition Treaty, as well as the ongoing debate on many old and new issues including the notion of direct participation in hostilities; air and missile warfare; military operations in outer space; military cyber operations; belligerent occupation; operational detention; and the protection of the environment in relation to armed conflict. The continuing need to consider borderline issues of the law of armed conflict as well as the interplay of international humanitarian law, human rights law, and other branches of international law is highlighted. Certain topics, such as the law of occupation, protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts, humanitarian assistance, and human rights in armed conflict have been made more visible in separate chapters.
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Abulafia, David. Mediterranean History. Edited by Jerry H. Bentley. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199235810.013.0028.
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The first part of this article discusses the different approaches to Mediterranean history. People talk of the Mediterranean and refer to the waters that stretch eastward from the Straits of Gibraltar, linked to the Red Sea by the man-made channel of the Suez Canal and to the Black Sea by the natural channel of the Dardanelles and Bosphorus. The discussion insists that the study of Mediterranean history encapsulates many important aspects of world history: it involves the investigation of connections between societies separated by extensive physical space, focusing on commercial networks, the building of empires, and the movement of peoples, These phenomena can be traced across the surface of the sea across which Europe, Africa, and Asia meet one another and over which Christianity and Islam have vigorously competed for dominion. The second part of this article focuses on the development of the ‘classic Mediterranean’ over time.
Book chapters on the topic "Black separate development"
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Malkina, Vira, Serhii Kiurchev, Viacheslav Osadchyi, and Oksana Strokan. "The Formation of Orthogonal Balanced Experiment Designs Based on Special Block Matrix Operations on the Example of the Mathematical Modeling of the Pneumatic Gravity Seed Separator." In Modern Development Paths of Agricultural Production, 111–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14918-5_12.
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Magnarella, Paul J. "Settling in Imbaseni Village." In Black Panther in Exile, 145–68. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066394.003.0009.
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After living in Ngaramtoni for five years, Charlotte and Pete buy a vacant piece of rocky land in Embaseni village near Arusha, in the tribal land of the Meru people. Pete and Charlotte O’Neal construct a multi-building compound consisting of their home, guest house, dormitories for visiting students, dining facility, classrooms, workshops, and a home for over twenty underprivileged Tanzanian children. They establish friendly relations with the Meru and work to bring piped water and electricity to parts of the village. With financial help from Omar Jamal, a Washington, D.C., businessman, they create the United African American Community Center to promote Tanzanian development and share Tanzanian traditions with Americans. In separate interviews, Pete and Charlotte assess their lives and experience raising a family in Tanzania. Pete also describes meeting attorney Paul Magnarella and asking him to review his 1970 trial.
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White, Derrick E. "The Golden Age of Black College Football Begins." In Blood, Sweat, and Tears, 73–100. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652443.003.0005.
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The post-World War II period began the highwater mark for Black college football generally and Florida A&M specifically. Gaither returned to coaching in 1945 after brain surgery. FAMU expanded its sporting congregation through the development of a coaching clinic, which began to place alumni as head coaches at a majority Florida’s segregated high schools. The Orange Blossom Classic moved to Miami, becoming the preeminent black college classic. HBCU student enrollment grew rapidly after the war, allowing public HBCUs to displace private HBCUs as the leading athletic programs. Gaither began to emerge as a leading head football coach through the development of his Split Line-T offense and by utilizing changes to college football substitutions rules to create separate “Blood, Sweat, and Tears” units.
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Robinson, Zandria F. "Space, Time, and Race in Dirty South Bohemia." In Bohemian South. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631677.003.0014.
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This chapter considers how historical and contemporary patterns of racial segregation influence the development of bohemian scenes in the South with particular attention to the establishment and maintenance of southern black bohemian cultural spaces. Using Memphis, a city with a rich musical legacy rooted in the Mississippi Delta Blues, as a case study, I chronicle how black cultural entrepreneurs create a separate arts and intellectual space within the constraints of class and racial cultures. These Dirty South Bohemians combine influences from black bohemian cultures concentrated in the urban Northeast, like the Afropunk movement, with regionally-inflected understandings of race and bohemianism to create a racially and regionally distinct articulation of bohemianism within racially segregated spaces.
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Viktor Viktorovich, Bakhtin, and Ashmarov Igor’ Anatol’yevich. "Zionist Organizations in Voronezh." In A Closer Look at Organizational Culture in Action. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94019.
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The chapter is based on materials from the archives and investigations of the OGPU of the late 1920s and early 1930s. The last years of the XIX century and the first twentieth century became a time of rapid development and strengthening of the Zionist movement in Russia developed rapidly. In 1902, over a thousand disparate Zionist organizations merged into the Russian Zionist Organization (RNO). In this article, we will consider the processes taking place in a separate region of Russia - the Central Black Earth Region (CCO). Voronezh became the center of the Central Council in 1928.
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Lynch, Michael E. "Coming of Age." In Edward M. Almond and the US Army, 1–14. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813177984.003.0001.
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The book opens with Almond’s development from boyhood through college, his marriage, and entry into the Army, which set the pattern for his life and military career. Life at the Virginia Military Institute, with its strong Confederate and military influences, shaped his outlook. Almond no doubt developed attitudes toward black people early on that would become apparent only decades later. Neither he nor his contemporaries would have considered their views racist. The Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Fergusson had enshrined the separate but equal doctrine in the nation’s social and legal framework guaranteed a separation of the races, and this was Almond’s reality. Almond had enjoyed success in high school and college, but his high achievement masked a sense of insecurity that would plague him for the rest of his life.
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Fox, Cybelle. "Race, Immigration, and the American Welfare State." In Three Worlds of Relief. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691152233.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the three worlds of relief created by the intersection of labor, race, and politics in welfare state development. Blacks, Mexicans, and European immigrants inhabited three separate worlds in the first third of the twentieth century, each characterized by its own system of race and labor market relations and its own distinct political system. From these worlds—and each group's place within them—three separate perspectives emerged about each group's propensity to become dependent on relief. The distinct political systems, race and labor market relations, and ideologies about each group's proclivity to use relief, in turn, influenced the scope, reach, and character of the relief systems that emerged across American communities.
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Atkinson, Martin E. "The development of the face, palate, and nose." In Anatomy for Dental Students. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199234462.003.0041.
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In Chapter 21, we described the development of the pharyngeal arches and their derivatives. Craniofacial abnormalities account for about one third of all live birth defects. These arise during the development of the pharyngeal arches described in Chapter 21 or during the events described in this chapter. The first pharyngeal arch, the mandibular arch, is one of the basic building blocks needed to form the face and associated structures. The other major building block is the frontonasal process that covers the developing forebrain. The development of the face begins after the first pharyngeal arch forms around four weeks post-fertilization. At this stage, the head consists of a large bulge over the developing forebrain, approximating to the forehead and the mandibular arch in the position of the lower jaw. A slit between the frontonasal process and mandibular arch is continuous with the foregut tube; this slit is the primitive oral cavity or stomodeum. This primitive mouth cavity has no side walls where the cheeks would be and more significantly, there is no nasal cavity. Development of the nasal and oral cavities internally and the face externally proceeds at the same time over the course of the next eight weeks of development. Essentially, the nasal cavity is formed, then divided into two and separated from the oral cavity by the palate. The sequence of events is: • Development of the nasal cavity and first part of the palate, beginning the separation the oral and nasal cavities; • Development of the maxillary arch from the mandibular arch to form the cheeks and important structures contributing to the palate; • Completion of the components required to form the palate and separate the nasal cavity into right and left cavities; • Fusion of the building blocks to complete the separation of the nasal cavity and the separation of the nasal cavity from the oral cavity. As you can see in Figure 32.1A, the stomodeum is roofed by the frontonasal process and its floor is the fused mandibular arches.
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Pryor, Elizabeth Stordeur. "Becoming Mobile in the Age of Segregation." In Colored Travelers. University of North Carolina Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469628578.003.0003.
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Between the 1780s and the 1850s, two separate and interconnected historical developments led to segregation as a method of social control. The first was black emancipation in the North, the result of a prolonged and uneven process that lasted decades. In light of African American freedom, white northerners began to imagine black people as people, although nominally free, in need of regulation. As a result, whites scrutinized the travel of free people of color with a level of suspicion previously reserved for slaves. Thus, a process best thought of as the criminalization of black mobility emerged. This was highly deleterious to African Americans because it fostered antiblack vigilantism in public space. At the same time, advances in technology brought on a “transportation revolution.” As an elite cohort of newly freed African Americans sought equal access to public vehicles, transportation proprietors and white passengers in the North viciously guarded the thresholds of stagecoaches, steamships, and railroads. Colored travelers fought back against exclusion in a variety of ways that highlight the importance of travel in their conceptions of citizenship. The protest strategies of these earliest activists planted the seeds of the nineteenth-century equal rights movement.
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M. Bijonowski, Brent. "Spatiotemporal Regulation of Cell–Cell Adhesions." In Epigenetics to Optogenetics - A New Paradigm in the Study of Biology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97009.
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Cell–cell adhesions are fundamental in regulating multicellular behavior and lie at the center of many biological processes from embryoid development to cancer development. Therefore, controlling cell–cell adhesions is fundamental to gaining insight into these phenomena and gaining tools that would help in the bioartificial construction of tissues. For addressing biological questions as well as bottom-up tissue engineering the challenge is to have multiple cell types self-assemble in parallel and organize in a desired pattern from a mixture of different cell types. Ideally, different cell types should be triggered to self-assemble with different stimuli without interfering with the other and different types of cells should sort out in a multicellular mixture into separate clusters. In this chapter, we will summarize the developments in photoregulation cell–cell adhesions using non-neuronal optogenetics. Among the concepts, we will cover is the control of homophylic and heterophilic cell–cell adhesions, the independent control of two different types with blue or red light and the self-sorting of cells into distinct structures and the importance of cell–cell adhesion dynamics. These tools will give an overview of how the spatiotemporal regulation of cell–cell adhesion gives insight into their role and how tissues can be assembled from cells as the basic building block.
Conference papers on the topic "Black separate development"
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Novelli, Francesco. "Castle Garth in Newcastle (UK): processes of transformation, integration and discharge of a fortified complex in an urban context." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11548.
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Castle Garth is the name of the fortified area once enclosed within the castle walls. In the fifteenth century Newcastle became a county in its own right, however, the Garth, being within the castle walls, remained part of the County of Northumberland. The Great Hall, a building separate from the Castle Fortress (the “Keep”), which in later years became known as the “Old Moot Hall”, was used by courts that sat at regular intervals in every county of England and Wales. The Fortress then became a prison for the County and was used as such until the early nineteenth century. Beginning in the fifteenth century, unlicensed traders, taking advantage of the fact that the city authorities had no jurisdiction over the Garth area, settled there with their commercial activities. From the time of Charles II (1630-1685), the area then became famous for its tailors and shoemakers, who grew particularly abundantly on the path known as “Castle Stairs”. In 1619 the fortified complex was rented by James I to the courtier Alexander Stephenson, who allowed the civilian houses to be built inside the castle walls. After the civil war, new houses were added until, towards the end of the eighteenth century, Castle Garth had become a distinct and densely populated community, with a theater, public houses and lodgings. The main urban transformations were started in the early nineteenth century with the construction of the new Moot Hall called County Court. From 1847 to 1849 the fortified enclosure was partially compromised by further intersections with the infrastructure for the construction of the railway viaduct, thus interrupting direct access from the Castle guarding the Black Gate. Despite the development of the contemporary city has affected the preservation of the ancient fortified palimpsest, a strong consolidated link is still maintained by the sedimentation of values of material and immaterial culture. The proposed contribution intends to present this process of integration between fortified structure and city highlighting today the state of the art, the conservation, restoration and enhancement initiatives undertaken in the last forty years.
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Finger, Stephen N., and Thomas L. Dubell. "Gas Turbine Combustor Development Tools for Production Designs." In ASME 1985 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/85-gt-43.
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Gas turbine engine combustor design and development has long held a somewhat undeserved reputation as a “Black Art”. This reputation was earned because those unfamiliar with the technology perceived the large amount of development testing required indicated a lack of fundamental knowledge of combustion. Fundamental knowledge exists and provides the foundation for design and to guide decisions on development. However, considerable trial and error work is required to satisfy many and sometimes conflicting performance goals because complete quantification of separated flow aerodynamics, three dimensional flowfields, anisotropic two phase flow, chemical reaction and heat addition is a challenge not yet met. Therefore, there is considerable reliance on use of rigs during the preliminary design phase and on the use of rigs and engines during development. Well founded use of experimental tools is necessary and must be adequately planned for in any program for a combustor intended for production. This paper describes these tools and how they should be used in such a program.
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Macchi, Ennio, Giampaolo Manzolini, and Paolo Silva. "Development of an Innovative Code for the Design of Different Parabolic Trough Solar Fields." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90459.
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The role of renewable energies and in particular solar energy could be fundamental in future scenarios of worldwide increase of energy demand: thermodynamic solar energy can play an important role in country with high solar radiation. This paper discusses the development and testing of an innovative code for the prediction of thermodynamic performances at nominal conditions and the estimation of costs of the whole plant, for different parabolic trough solar fields. The code allows a preliminary design of the solar field lay-out, the sizing of the main components of the plant and the optimization of the steam cycle. The code, named PATTO (PArabolic Trough Thermodynamic Optimization), allows to separately calculate the thermal efficiency of (i) parabolic trough systems in commerce as well as (ii) combination of components of various commercial systems, in order to exploit different technology solutions: combination of mirrors, receivers and supports. Using the selected parabolic troughs, the plant configuration is then completed by connecting pipes, heat exchangers, the steam cycle, and storage tanks. The code is also flexible in terms of working fluid, temperature and pressure range. Regarding the power block, a conventional steam cycle with super-heater and re-heater sections and up to seven regenerative bleedings is adopted. It is possible to use also simpler configuration as without re-heater or with less regenerative bleedings. Moreover, thanks to simple or sophisticated economic correlations depending on available data, the code calculates the overall investment cost for the considered solar field and the power block. The code performs steady state analysis at nominal conditions, while future developments are planned regarding part load analysis and transient simulations. The model is tested towards real applications and reference values found in literature; in particular, focusing on SEGS VI plant in the USA. Detailed results showing code potentiality, are presented in terms of solar field and power block energy balances, plant auxiliaries, piping and economic analysis.
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Bishop, Mark Emmanuel, Wilson Lalla, and Xavier Ravi Moonan. "Evaluating the Lower Cruse and Navet Formations Within the Wd-8 Lease Operatorship Block." In SPE Trinidad and Tobago Section Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200925-ms.
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Abstract Lease Operatorship block WD-8, lies within the Forest Reserve oilfield. Forest Reserve is known for having the ENE-WSW trending, south easterly verging Forest Reserve anticline which plunges into NW-SE trending Los Bajos Fault. Regionally to the south of the Forest Reserve anticline lies the south westerly plunging Siparia syncline and to the north of the Forest Reserve anticline is the Morne L′ Enfer syncline. WD-8 is situated on the northern flank of the Forest Reserve anticline with the axis of the anticline occurring within the southern part of the block. Prior to 2018, TETL last drilled within the WD-8 block in the year 2014. Drilling within the WD-8 block pre-2018 was mainly in the southern portion of the block. The year 2018 saw TETL drill five wells in the northern part of the WD-8 block. The results from these wells prompted an evaluation within the Northern portion of the WD-8 block to determine the structure and extent of the Lower Cruse and Navet reservoirs. Field wide mapping post 2018 drills within the block highlighted the sand trend at the Cruse level is in a WSW-ENE direction and that these sands in northern WD-8 are very narrow with maximum widths ranging between 100 ft – 150 ft. Additionally, it showed that by using a smaller well spacing, wells would encounter different producing sand bodies not seen in adjacent wells. Differences in the sand character between wells in the Southern part of the block to wells in the northern part of the block at the Lower Cruse level were also seen. The Lower Cruse section in the southern part of the WD-8 block tends to have thick stacked slope channel sand deposits, while the northern part of WD-8 has relatively thin stacked slope/base of slope channel deposits. Structurally, the presence of an ENE-WSW fault which separates the southern wells from the northern wells was also revealed. Abnormal stratigraphy was also found in Northern WD-8 where the Eocene Navet formation was encountered below the Late Miocene Lower Cruse formation. Two (2) wells in the northern portion of the block found the Navet formation resistive with only one well testing this reservoir. This then presents a new under exploited target reservoir with the block. Mapping of the Navet Formation indicates that this reservoir trends in a WSW-ENE direction. This updated geological model for the WD-8 block resulted in six infill developmental wells being identified to further exploit the remaining reserves within the Lower Cruse and Navet Formations in the WD-8 block.
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Zhu, Mingzhang, Huajian Chang, Han Wang, Xu An, and Xianmao Wang. "Algorithm of Water Film Identification in Passive Containment Water Distribution Test." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15084.
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Water distribution test designed to study the relationship between water film coverage and water flow rate and containment structure, is an important part of the passive containment cooling test. In the process of developing CAP1400 Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR), water distribution test facility was built by SNPTRD (State Nuclear Power Technology Research & Development Center). Water distribution test facility is a separate-effect test facility, based on CAP1400 containment as the prototype. Test body contains 1/8 sector of the containment dome and a certain length (3m) vertical wall, with the ratio of 1:1 of the prototype. Water film identification algorithm is used to extract water film image information from the photo of measured area obtained by Matrix CCD and to determine the effective water film region in order to calculate the water film coverage. The starting point of designing water film identification algorithm was to find out the boundaries between water film zone and no water film region based on the gray difference. In order to ensure that the difference identification can be achieved, median filtering and mean value block were conducted on gray value matrix to remove high-frequency fluctuations in the gray value curve. The algorithm was implemented with MATLAB and sensitivity studies were performed to investigate the effects of block size and difference magnitude on the identified coverage of water film. It was found out that block size and difference magnitude had little influence on the identification of water film coverage. According to the corresponding degree between identified images and original photos, 2-by-2 block and gray-difference function were selected in the algorithm. Then the program identified results were compared with artificial identified results, the results showed that: water film identification algorithm can identify water film effectively. Coverage deviation between calculated and artificial identified results is less than 5%, and nearly not affected by brightness, laying foundation for the analysis of water distribution test.
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Carrington, David B., and Vincent A. Mousseau. "Preconditioning and Solver Optimization Ideas for Radiative Transfer." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72040.
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In this paper, radiative transfer and time-dependent transport of radiation energy in participating media are modeled using a first-order spherical harmonics method (P1) and radiation diffusion. Partial differential equations for P1 and radiation diffusion are discretized by a variational form of the equations using support operators. Choices made in the discretization result in a symmetric positive definite (SPD) system of linear equations. Modeling multidimensional domains with complex geometries requires a very large system of linear equations with 10s of millions of elements. The computational domain is decomposed into a large number of subdomains that are solved on separate processors resulting in a massively parallel application. The linear system of equations is solved with a preconditioned conjugate gradient method. Various preconditioning techniques are compared in this study. Simple preconditioning techniques include: diagonal scaling, Symmetric Successive Over Relaxation (SSOR), and block Jacobi with SSOR as the block solver. Also, a two-grid multigrid-V-cycle method with aggressive coarsening is explored for use in the problems presented. Results show that depending on the test problem, simple preconditioners are effective, but the more complicated preconditioners such as an algebraic multigrid or the geometric multigrid are most efficient, particularly for larger problems and longer simulations. Optimal preconditioning varies depending on the problem and on how the physical processes evolve in time. For the insitu preconditioning techniques—SSOR and block Jacobi—a fuzzy controller can determine the optimal reconditioning process. Discussions of the current knowledge-based controller, an optimization search algorithm, are presented. Discussions of how this search algorithm can be incorporated into the development of data-driven controller incorporating clustering and subsequent construction of the fuzzy model from partitions are also discussed.
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Serfontein, Dawid, Eben Mulder, and Eberhard Teuchert. "Proposal for an International Experimental Pebble Bed Reactor." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58174.
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HTRs, both prismatic block fuelled and pebble fuelled, feature a number of uniquely beneficial characteristics that will be discussed in this paper. In this paper the construction of an international experimental pebble bed reactor is proposed, possible experiments suggested and an invitation extended to interested partners for co-operation in the project. Experimental verification by nuclear regulators in order to facilitate licensing and the development of a new generation of reactors create a strong need for such a reactor. Suggested experiments include: • Optimized incineration of waste Pu in a pebble bed reactor: The capability to incineration pure reactor grade plutonium by means of ultra high burn-up in pebble bed reactors will be presented at this conference in the track on fuel and fuel cycles. This will enable incineration of the global stockpile of separated reactor grade Pu within a relatively short time span; • Testing of fuel sphere geometries, aimed at improving neutron moderation and a decrease in fuel temperatures; • Th/Pu fuel cycles: Previous HTR programs demonstrated the viability of a Th-232 fuel-cycle, using highly enriched uranium (HEU) as driver material. However, considerations favoring proliferation resistance limit the enrichment level of uranium in commercial reactors to 20%, thereby lowering the isotopic efficiency. Therefore, Pu driver material should be developed to replace the HEU component. Instead of deploying a (Th, Pu)O2 fuel concept, the proposal is to use the unique capability offered by pebble bed reactors in deploying separate Th- and Pu-containing pebbles, which can be cycled differently; • Testing of carbon-fiber-carbon (CFC) structures for in-core or near-core applications, such as guide tubes for reserve shutdown systems, thus creating the possibility to safely shutdown reactors with increased diameter; • Development of very high temperature reactor components for process heat applications; • Advanced decay heat removal systems e.g. design specific air flow channels, or heat pipe designs external to the reactor pressure vessel; • Development of a plutonium fuelled peaking reactor with the proposed duel cycle; • A radial coolant flow pattern with increased power output; • Testing of carbon-fiber-carbon (CFC) core barrel applications. The design will facilitate ease of licensing by sacrificing performance in favor of safety and employing redundant defense-in-depth safety systems. Speedy licensing is therefore expected. The economic model will be based on a commercial expedition of the agreed experimental value to collaborating participants. Target costs will be minimized by exploiting known technology only and by utilizing off-the-shelf components as far as possible.
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Lad, B., and L. He. "An Immersed Mesh Block (IMB) Approach for Conjugate Heat Transfer Predictions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94383.
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Aerothermnal design capability for cooled high pressure turbines depends on resolving complex physical processes such as coolant mixing, coupled fluid-solid convection-conduction heat transfer, and their interactions. This paper presents the development of the generalised Immersed Mesh Block 2 (IMB2) method, which allows high resolution predictions of all these processes to be conducted for a fully cooled turbine stage within a couple of days. The method consists of creating high density meshes of cooling holes to capture the high flow gradients in the fluid domain and separately, generating corresponding meshes for the local metal layer with high temperature gradient. These can then be inserted rapidly into a host turbine domain for conjugate heat transfer as immersed mesh blocks for fluids (IMBf) and metals (IMBm). In this way, conjugate heat transfer meshes of entire rows of cooling holes can be generated and inserted into a host mesh within minutes. The composite domain is then solved with simultaneous coupling between all the fluid and metal IMBs, as well as the host mesh. The paper presents the methodology of this approach and demonstrates its application to a transonic, fully cooled nozzle guide vane.
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Holcomb, Chad M., Raymond A. de Callafon, and Robert E. Bitmead. "Closed Loop Nonlinear System Identification Applied to Gas Turbine Analytics." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26059.
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Intelligent engine condition monitoring and early fault detection is becoming a necessity for modern gas turbines to achieve availability and reliability requirements. Degradation or failure of critical control components negatively affects reliability and safety as well as the ability to perform condition monitoring of the engine. Model-based approaches for analytics and condition monitoring show great promise with advances in remote connectivity and available computational power. Development of diagnostics for analytics requires focus on the target machine as well as the integrity of measurement and actuation systems to correctly identify and classify degradation indicators that discriminate between actuation and measurement faults from deterioration in machine performance. In this paper, a method is proposed to use data obtained in closed-loop operation to identify system models that separate the dynamic responses and non-linear characteristics for use in analytics. This is demonstrated on high-fidelity simulation data from a Taurus™ 60 gas turbine generator. The system is modeled with a feedback connection of a known controller in series with a block Hammerstein system.
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Soudarev, A. V., V. G. Konakov, N. F. Morozov, I. A. Ovidko, and B. N. Semenov. "Novel Shrinkage-Free Structural Ceramic Materials for Gas Turbine Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50549.
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The paper presents results of development of the novel shrinkage-free, adaptable to machining and easily welded alumo-boron-carbide silicon materials that experience the cermet stage during their manufacturing. A specific feature of the like ceramics is their double-stage sintering process when, after the original stage, a metal-ceramic blank has a sufficient strength and is easily machined by conventional metal-cutting tools. In addition, such materials are electrically conductive, therefore, the elasto-erosion treatment technique can be applied. Subsequently, a machined part is finally sintered, whereas all the geometries remain actually unchanged due to the shrinkage absence. Prior to the final sintering, all separate parts can be joined by the diffusion welding with the seam strength being 5–10% different from the strength of the main part. The paper provides an insight into the processes and results of tests of the representative selections of samples of four types of the structural ceramics that are experiencing the cermet stage during the process of their formation. Also, ceramic parts for the CGTE hot passage are demonstrated.