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Journal articles on the topic 'Black soap'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

I.L., Gold,, Okunwaye, T., Onyia, D.C., Akpose, I.O., Imoisi, O.B., and Asiriuwa, N.U. "Physicochemical Properties of African Black Soap Prepared with Alkali Derived from (Empty) Oil Palm Fruit Bunches." Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry 14, no. 4 (2024): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4290.

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The use of oil palm biomass in black soap production was carried out. The soap was prepared using different oils; Palm kernel oil (PKO), Tallow oil (TO), Palm oil (PO), Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and their blends (PKO:PFAD:TO:PO) at 0.5 ratio each. The physiochemical properties of the different oils and their blends were studied. The moisture content, bulk density, foaming stability, pH, solubility of metallic salts and surface tension of the different black soaps produced were analyzed. The results of the oils and their blends had free fatty acid values between (2.56 - 49.48) %, saponi

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Nwankwo, Emmanuel, Okechukwu Pipi, and C. Okiyi. "ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME COMMERCIAL MEDICATED AND HOME MADE SOAPS USED IN UMUAHIA, ABIA STATE." Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA 3, no. 2 (2025): 109–13. https://doi.org/10.33003/sajols-2025-0302-13.

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The use of soap whether commercial or locally made to ensure cleanliness cannot be overemphasized. The aim of the study is to analyze the antibacterial activity of some commercial medicated and locally made soap used in Umuahia. A total of 3 locally produced soaps were collected and used for this study against some clinical isolates using the agar well diffusion technique. The commercial medicated soaps showed higher antibacterial effect comparatively. Crusader soap showed the highest antibacterial activity at all dilutions (200mg/ml to 6.25mg/ml) with diameter zone of inhibition of 25mm and 1

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Uduma, Uduma A., Gowon A. Jacob, Abubakar Hussaini, Sani Suleiman, and Maria B. Uduma. "Formulation and Characterization of Black Medicated Soap using Waste Agricultural Products with Blended Oils." Journal of Science Research and Reviews 2, no. 2 (2025): 53–62. https://doi.org/10.70882/josrar.2025.v2i2.66.

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The saponification technique, which involves reacting triglyceride-containing oil/fat with caustic soda (NaOH) are used to formulate soaps. However, the fatty acid makeup of various oils varies, which accounts for the various qualities of the soaps made from them. The X-ray fluorescence examination performed on the agricultural wastes ashes revealed the existence of potassium oxide (K2O) and sodium oxide (Na2O) as the primary components in the ashes. The plantain peel, cocoa pod, and palm tree bunch ashes were also analyzed using a flame photometer, and the results showed that the K: Na ratio

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4

Bruner, L. J. "Stable black soap films." American Journal of Physics 53, no. 2 (1985): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.14108.

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5

Abdulmalik, Umar, Innocent John Wata, Ayodele Timilehin Adesoji, and Kamala Abdullahi. "Antibacterial Potential of African Black Soap Decoctions against Selected Clinical Isolates." Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA 1, no. 1 (2023): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/sajols-2023-0101-031.

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Africa black soap is widely use in Africa. This study aimed at examining antibacterial potential of African black soap and its different decoction preparations against selected bacterial agents. Soap sample was collected and prepared into three different decoctions (i.e. black soap only, black soap with aloe vera and black soap, cam wood and lime water). Afterwards, different concentrations of 200 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 25mg/ml of each decoction preparation were prepared. Antibacterial activities of each decoction concentration against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomo

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Febriani, Yessi, Vriezka Mierza, and Elviza Septimar. "Comparison Of Formulations And Antioxidant Activity Of Transparent Soap From Red And Black Plum (Prunus domestica L.)." Jurnal Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam LLDikti Wilayah 1 (JUMPA) 1, no. 2 (2021): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54076/jumpa.v1i2.45.

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Transparent soap is a type of soap for the face and body to cleanse and protect the skin from free radicals. Plums are fruits that have very high antioxidant capabilities, because they have the content of flavonoids and tannins. This research aims to make transparent soap with the addition of red and black plum juice and compare the antioxidant activity capabilities of soap. This research captures the process of taking cider, phytochemical screening, and soap making. Analysis is pH test, moisture content, foam stability, free alkaline, and antioxidant activity test with DPPH method. The result

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Дроникова, Т. В., В. Н. Григорьева та А. Н. Лисицын. "Антибактериальное мыло". Вестник Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института жиров, № 1-2 2022 (21 грудня 2022): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25812/vniig.2022.80.59.016.

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Разработаны рецептуры мыл на основе масел, содержащих высокое количество лауриновой кислоты (45-55%) и жира американской мухи «черная львинка», также содержащего до 60% лауриновой кислоты. Установлена в мыле на их основе антибактериальная активность, повышающаяся с вводом в их состав пережиривающих веществ. Наибольшая антибактериальная активность развивается в мыле на основе жира мухи «черная львинка». Жир мухи «черная львинка» является перспективным сырьем не только как компонент, придающий мылу антибактериальные свойства, но и как сырье для мыловарения. Soap formulations based on oils contai

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8

BOHANNON, JOSEPH. "Evaluation of soap recovery efficiency from black liquor - analytical tools." April 2023 22, no. 4 (2023): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj22.4.234.

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Soap skimmings (“soap”) are typically recovered from black liquor in kraft mills that process a high percentage of softwood. In many mills, the recovery of soap is inefficient, negatively impacting performance of evaporators and recovery boilers and resulting in loss of potential revenue. A thorough evaluation of soap recovery performance in a kraft mill requires measurement of soap content in black liquor at various sampling locations, especially around the soap skimmer. The standard laboratory method for evaluating soap content in black liquor is a complex, multi-step process that relies on

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9

Armas, Jay. "Membrane Hydrodynamics and Black Soap Bubbles." Fortschritte der Physik 64, no. 4-5 (2016): 408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prop.201500085.

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10

Yakubova, Ol'ga Sergeyevna, Elena Yur'yevna Demyantseva, and Regina Smith Smith. "PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SULPHATE WASTE LIQUOR AFTER SOAP EXTRACTION IN THE PRESENCE OF SURFACTANTS." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 4 (December 14, 2021): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021049521.

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During the wood delignification a multicomponent spent liquor (black liquor) is formed. Depending on the type of wood, black liquor is enriched with valuable extractives. The isolation of extractives from processing liquors and their conversion into biologically active substances, tall products is according to development trend of pulp and paper industry. It includes the introduction of scientific based technologies in manufacturing processes with reference to modern environmental protection requirements. Now the extraction efficiency of sulphate soap does not exceed 75–80% whereby the quality

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Starzhinskaya, Elena V., Anatoly M. Kryazhev, Sergey I. Tret’yakov, and Anatoliy A. Gluhanov. "Sulphate Soap Separation from Wood Mixture Cooking Black Liquor." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 6 (December 10, 2022): 178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2022-6-178-192.

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The sulphate soap separation from black liquor is influenced by a large number of factors: wood species composition, physical properties and composition of liquor components. The bases of the process are widely researched, but the influence of some factors requires additional research. Meanwhile, due to the diversity of the processed wood species composition and different cooking conditions, the composition and properties of the liquor may differ significantly, and the soap separation at different mills does not always follow the patterns established in previous studies. The purpose of this re

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Alo, R.B, B.A Achem., B.T Mohammed, and A.F Abdulquadir. "PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF BLACK SOAP PRODUCTION IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA." Continental J. Agricultural Economics 6, no. 3 (2012): 8–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.810364.

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The study examined the profitability of black soap production in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected using structured interview schedule from 90 respondents in a 3-stage sampling technique covering three local government areas of Ekiti State. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the socio-economic characteristics of producers, while soap profitability was computed using Gross Margin analysis. Factors affecting soap production was determined using multiple regression analysis. The results from the findings showed that majority of the respondents were females, married, exper

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Assouguem, Amine, Mohammed Kara, Hamza Mechchate, et al. "Evaluation of the Impact of Different Management Methods on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Their Predators in Citrus Orchards." Plants 11, no. 5 (2022): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11050623.

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To evaluate the effectiveness of eco-friendly treatments based on detergents classified as non-hazardous and black soap on the pest Tetranychus urticae Koch 1836, and their predators (Euseius stipulatus Athias-Henriot, 1960, Typhlodromus sp., Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, 1957), different treatments were applied to citrus orchards planted with Valencia late (Orange) in the Mechraa Belksiri region of Morocco (T0 = control experiment; T1 = spirodiclofen 0.5 L/Ha; T2 = 125 L/Ha (5%) of black soap; T3 = detergent; 4 L/Ha of Oni product + 2 L/Ha of Tide product). The results obtained duri

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14

Berger, Charles, Bernard Desbat, Hamid Kellay, Jean-Marie Turlet, and Daniel Blaudez. "Water Confinement Effects in Black Soap Films." Langmuir 19, no. 1 (2003): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la020667u.

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15

Umemura, Junzo, Mutsuo Matsumoto, Takeshi Kawai, and Tohru Takenaka. "Fourier transform infrared study on black soap films." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 7 (1985): 1713–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-288.

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Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra in the range 3800–2800 cm−1 have been recorded of the first and second black films in air prepared from aqueous solutions of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) without and with the addition of sodium chloride, respectively. It is found that in both films the methylene chains of SDS, which are located outside the aqueous core of the sandwich structure, are in an oriented liquid crystalline state. In a first black film, the thickness of the aqueous core is determined to be 9.6 nm, by recording polarized infrared spectra with various angles of incidence to the

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16

Sudarman, A., K. C. Kirana, R. H. C. Ningsih, and D. M. Fassah. "Supplementation Effect of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Oil Calcium Soap on Physiological Responses and Hematology of Male Garut Sheep." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1359, no. 1 (2024): 012118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1359/1/012118.

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Abstract This research aimed to evaluate the use of Ca-Soap from black soldier fly (BSF) larvae oil on physiological responses and hematology of male Garut sheep. Fifteen male Garut sheep were allocated into randomized block design with three treatments and five replicates. The treatments were T 0 (control), T 1 = T 0 + 4% Ca-soap, and T 2 = T 0 + 8% Ca-soap. The parameters observed included physiological responses, hematology, and water intake. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and any significant differences were further tested using Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that the su

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17

Oladejo, Mutiat Titilope. "The City-Village Interface in Ibadan (Nigeria)." JWEE, no. 1-2 (July 2, 2021): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.28934/jwee21.12.pp147-163.

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In general accounts of black soap production, it is traced to West Africa. And prominent across, Ghana, Benin Republic, Cote de Ivoire and Nigeria. However, this paper examines the nature of entrepreneurship associated with black soap production and trade in Ibadan of the twentieth century. The work analyses how women dominated the industry and its interface between the village and Ibadan city markets. The work locates the characteristics of innovation and market development imaged by women to earn livelihoods in black soap trade in Ibadan city and village. The paper uses the Asuwada sociation

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18

Graour, Kristina. "Serial communities: The dynamics between individual and collective identity in Orange Is the New Black." Journal of Popular Television 10, no. 2 (2022): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jptv_00076_1.

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The influence of soap operas on other forms of television narrative has long been remarked upon by television scholars, especially with regards to the increasing tendency towards serialized plotlines that contemporary dramas have exhibited over the last three decades. Nonetheless, the full impact of the soap opera form on the structural principles of ongoing television narratives is yet to be explored. A crucial part of this lineage is the privileged role granted to communities in soaps, a narrative strategy that has been embraced by an array of other types of serialized programming, including

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19

Lecourt, B., F. Capelle, F. Adamietz, et al. "Confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy of black soap films." Journal of Chemical Physics 108, no. 3 (1998): 1284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.475490.

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20

Greco, V., C. Lemmi, S. Ledesma, G. Molesini, G. P. Puccioni, and F. Quercioli. "Measuring soap black films by phase shifting interferometry." Measurement Science and Technology 5, no. 8 (1994): 900–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/5/8/005.

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21

Mohammed, O. M., and U. Abubakar. "Histopathological evaluation of toxic effect of oral administration of African black soap (<i>Sabulun salo</i>) on the kidney of Albino rats." Sokoto Journal of Medical Laboratory Science 9, no. 2 (2024): 106–11. https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjmls.v9i2.14.

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African traditional black soap (Sabulun salo) is commonly used in many local settings in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the histopathological evaluation of toxic effect of oral administration of the African traditional black soap (Sabulun salo) on the kidney of Albino rats. The albino rats were divided into four groups of five per test groups and a control group. The test groups (AC, BC and FC) were administered with the different concentration (2000mg/kg, 3000mg/kg and 4000mg/kg) of African traditional black soap (Sabulun salo) for the period of two weeks respectively. The co

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Tran, Ann Ngoc. "Imperial Gift." Radical History Review 2023, no. 147 (2023): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-10637161.

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Abstract This article theorizes and historicizes soap, a medical “gift” distributed by the US military to villages and hamlets in South Vietnam, as a commodity and as an infrastructure in the American war in Vietnam. During the war, soap not only operated as a tool to clean those the US military deemed dirty and uncivilized but also brokered the ideological movement of empire from the nation-state to the occupied regions of the Vietnamese South. Wartime US humanitarianism proffered soap as a counterinsurgent weapon of soft power and as an infrastructural poetic that securitized US empire again

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Ningsih, R. H. C., A. D. Ramadani, D. J. Raynissa, et al. "Effects of Black Soldier Fly oil and calcium soap supplementation on rumen fermentability of Garut Sheep." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1208, no. 1 (2023): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1208/1/012059.

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Abstract Fat is a source of energy for livestock, with low heat metabolic, but dietary fat had negative impact for rumen fermentation. Calcium soap can protect fat for ruminant. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of rumen fermentation in Garut sheep fed with suplements of BSF (Hermetia illucens) oil and BSF Calcium soap. This research used fifteen male Garut sheep with an average body weight of 29.90 ± 3.71 kg. This research used randomized block design consisting of three treatments and five replicates. The treatments were diet without supplementation BSF oil or Calcium soap (P1)

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Yisa Tufion Albert, Waindim, Gundu David T., Ashwe A., and Aondoyila Kuhe. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF BLACK SOAP (TOILET SOAP) BLENDED WITH DE-OILED JATROPHA CAKE ADDITIVE AS SOLID LUBRICANT IN DIRECT COLD EXTRUSION OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS." International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies 6, no. 4 (2022): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijoest.v6.i4.2022.368.

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The use of petro-lubricants in metal forming leads to lamination of oxide on the extrudates due to temperature increase and reaction of the base metal with some elements in the lubricant, hence resulting poor surface quality of the end product. The non-biodegradability of these lubricants also leads to environmental pollution. Although De-oiled Jatropha Caked has been volarised for so many applications, with some oil left in the cake it can still be employed for use in other applications. In this paper a bio-solid lubricant is formulated from Black soap (Toilet soap-vegetable oil-based) as bas

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25

Taiwo, O. "Evaluation of various agro-wastes for traditional black soap production." Bioresource Technology 79, no. 1 (2001): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8524(00)00188-7.

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Du, Xuezhong, Yiqing Lu, and Yingqiu Liang. "FTIR and UV-Vis Spectroscopic Studies of Black Soap Film." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 207, no. 1 (1998): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1998.5767.

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27

Gu, Mi-Young, and Hwa-Jung Choi. "Study on Manufacturing of Tourist Hand Made Soap Motived Sightseeing Attractive Place in Gyeongsangnam-do." Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology 28, no. 4 (2022): 710–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52660/jksc.2022.28.4.710.

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Gyeongsangnam-do possessed various sightseeing attractive place. We purposed to manufacture tourist hand-made soap expressing nine sightseeing attractive place. The nine place were sunrise of Ganjeolgot, Mongdol beach of Gangdong, whale sea-travel line, Daewangam park, simnidaebat field-milky way, national garden of Taehwa river, mallard duck pot of Usisan, hanging bridge of Daewangam and cheonma tomb. The other seven soaps were made by method of melt and pour except for hanging bridge of Daewangam by method of cold process and cheonma tomb by short time process. To express art in soap, seven

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Alabi, D. L., and D. F. Makinde. "Involvement of rural households along enterprise value chain of the indigenous black-soap from ash-derived alkali." Ghana Journal of Science 63, no. 2 (2022): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjs.v63i2.5.

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The study assessed the involvement of rural households along the indigenous black-soap enterprise value chain in Oyo State, Nigeria. It specifically described selected socio-economic characteristics of the respondents; examined their reasons for involvement in the enterprise; identified their involvement in various activities at every stage along the enterprise value chain and determined their involvement levels. 210 respondents were selected for the study using a multistage sampling procedure. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using an interview schedule and FGD respective

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29

Imamsyah, Ragil Agnes Safira, and Vita Paramita. "Optimization of Liquid Soap Preparation Formula with the Addition of Black Rice (Oryza Sativa L. Indica) Extract as Anti-Radical Free based Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)." Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 4, no. 2 (2022): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jvsar.v4i2.14697.

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An imbalance in the body's number of antioxidants and free radicals can cause oxidative stress and trigger various degenerative diseases (WHO, 2016). One way to prevent free radicals from entering the body is to bathe with soap. Black rice extract can be an antioxidant in soap because it contains anthocyanin pigments and has high bioactive compounds (Chakuton et al., 2012). Selection of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as a raw material for soap because it has a high lauric acid content and is helpful for moisturizing and smoothing the skin (Afrozi et al., 2021). This study aimed to analyze the qualit

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Abdul, Aminullah Zakariyyah, Nazia Karamat, Usman Alhaji Tar, Tahiru Saka, ABDULHALIM MUSA ABUBAKAR, and Hafeez-ur-Rahman Memon. "Toilet Soap Formulation and Additives for Its Enhanced Physicochemical and Medicinal Properties." University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science 11, no. 1 (2024): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v11i1.1227.

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Human skin is an island in constant interaction between diverse microorganisms (Archaea, fungi, bacteria, and protozoa), especially the inner elbow, armpit and buttocks, of which an imminent health danger is possible during injury or their sustained proliferation. Fat-soluble lauric acid-containing palm kernel oil, hardness-giving caustic soda and water solvent were essential ingredients used to produce toilet soap in this study, via a mechanized setup. Free caustic alkali (FCA), pH and moisture content (MC), as determined for additive (honey, clove, black seed) formulations A, B, C, D and E,

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Manideep, Sake, M. Muthuswami, P. S. Shanmugam, A. Suganthi, and N. Manikanda Boopathi. "Field Evaluation of Biorationals and Chemical Insecticides against Thrips parvispinus (Karny) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in Chrysanthemum." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 19 (2023): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i193540.

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Field study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of biorationals and chemical insecticides against black thrips, Thrips parvispinus (Karny) on chrysanthemum. Thrips population ranged from 15.33 to 13.89/flower before spraying. The efficacy of seven biorationals and seven chemical insecticides were evaluated against black thrips under field conditions. The application of pongamia soap @5g/lit and Spinosad 45% SC @ 0.2 ml/lit reduced the thrips incidence significantly among the biorational and chemical insecticides respectively. The mean per reduction of thrips incidence in pongamia soap @ 5 g

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Tano, Takanori, and Junzo Umemura. "Deviation from the Lambert Law in Ultrathin Films Such as Black Soap Films." Applied Spectroscopy 51, no. 7 (1997): 944–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702971941593.

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A theoretical investigation has been made of the difference in absorbance between that calculated from the Lambert law and that from thin-layer optics which fully takes into account the effect of multiple reflections on a symmetrical five-layer film such as black soap film. The absorbance of a black soap film can be very different from that of a thick film because of interference effects. The error involved may be as large as 25%. In addition, for both three-layer and symmetrical five-layer films, general approximate equations are presented for the absorbance by a stratified medium due to the

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Kashari, O., Manga, S.B., Onwughara, C. A., Mohammed, H.K, and Bala, S.D. "Comparative Survey of Antibacterial Potency of Formulated Black Soap with Aloe Vera Extracts on Some Clinical Pathogens from the Skin." ChemClass Journal 9, no. 2 (2025): 356–67. https://doi.org/10.33003/chemclas-2025-0902/164.

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A comparative survey to determine the antibacterial potency of black soap formulated with Aloe vera and the Aloe vera extracts against some clinical pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) of skin origin was carried out using agar "well" diffusion method. The Aloe vera formulated black soap and the Aloe vera extracts shows appreciable antibacterial potentials at all the concentrations (10%, 30%, 50% and 70%) used against the test organisms. The highest activity of 20.0 mm was recorded against S. aureus at the highest concentration of 70% used for th

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34

Bélorgey, O., and J. J. Benattar. "Structural properties of soap black films investigated by x-ray reflectivity." Physical Review Letters 66, no. 3 (1991): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.66.313.

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35

Milgrom, Lionel R., and Katy A. Drillsma-Milgrom. "Illuminating black holes. Part 2: vortices, soap stars, and bubble galaxies." Physics Education 52, no. 3 (2017): 033005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6552/aa62e9.

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36

NTIFAFA, YAO, ASHOK GHOSH, and PETER W. HART. "Quantification of hardwood black liquor contamination in pine black liquor." February 2024 23, no. 2 (2024): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj23.2.88.

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The presence of hardwood black liquor contamination in pine black liquor can negatively impact brownstock washer and evaporator operation, as well as reduce soap separation and yield. It is also believed to negatively impact commercial kraft lignin production. It was desired to develop a method of quantitatively determining the amount of low-level hardwood liquor contamination in pine black liquor. A method employing pyrolysis-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (py-GCMS) was developed to perform the desired measurement. Laboratory cooks with carefully controlled blends of pine and hardwood c

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Ramdani, Chaimae, Karim El Fakhouri, Mohamed Sbaghi, et al. "Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Potential of Six Essential Oils from Morocco against Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) under Field and Laboratory Conditions." Insects 12, no. 11 (2021): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12111007.

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The carmine cochineal Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) is the major insect pest of the prickly-pear cactus Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) in Morocco. The present study investigated the insecticidal activities of six essential oils (EOs) against nymphs and adult females of D. opuntiae applied singly or in combination with a detergent under laboratory and field conditions. Under laboratory conditions, M. pulegium and O. vulgare L. essential oils showed a high level of insecticidal activity at 5%, with 98% and 92% females’ mortality, respectively, 5 days after treatments. The M. pulegium and O. vulgar

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DOGARIS, IOANNIS, MIKAEL LINDSTROM, and GUNNAR HENRIKSSON. "Critical parameters for tall oil separation I: The importance of the ratio of fatty acids to rosin acids." TAPPI Journal 18, no. 9 (2019): 547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj18.9.547.

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Tall oil is a valuable byproduct in chemical pulping of wood, and its fractions have a large spectrum of applications as chemical precursors, detergents, and fuel. High recovery of tall oil is important for the economic and environmental profile of chemical pulp mills. The purpose of this study was to investigate critical parameters of tall oil separation from black liquor. To investigate this in a controlled way, we developed a model test system using a “synthetic” black liquor (active cooking chemicals OH- and HS- ions), a complete process for soap skimming, and determination of recovered ta

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Toktarbay, Zh, Zh Ospanova, and K. Musabekov. "Colloid-chemical properties of the black soap made by the national way." Chemical Bulletin of Kazakh National University, no. 1 (March 31, 2012): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.15328/chemb_2012_1419-423.

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Alao, OluwagbengaTitus, Dorcas Lola Alabi, Temitope Sarah Oni, and Michael Famakinwa. "Assessment of women’s involvement in black soap enterprise in Osun State, Nigeria." Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension 20, no. 3-4 (2017): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tare.v20i3-4.5397.

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Zhang, Yunhong, and Yingqiu Liang. "Resonance Raman study on a novel pH property of black soap films." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 12 (1994): 1483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39940001483.

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T.I, Olabiyi. "Potency of plant-derived biological nematicides on root-knot disease of tomato, Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Mill." American Research Journal of Agriculture 7, no. 1 (2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21694/2378-9018.21003.

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The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of plant-derived biological nematicides in the management of root-knot nematode disease of tomato. A piece of land measuring 8 m × 54 m was ploughed and raised beds were the experimental plots. The land was divided into 4 blocks, each block comprising 12 treatments and 4 replicates with a total of 48 experimental plots were fitted into randomized complete block design (RCBD). The experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farms, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State

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Onaran, Aslihan Tokgöz. "Counterpatriarchal Pleasures of Muslim Turkish Women: A Feminist Ethnography of Rural Women Watching Daytime Television." Hawwa 9, no. 1-2 (2011): 171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920811x578511.

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AbstractThis article examines the intersection of patriarchal hegemony, television viewing, domestic power relations and individual agency in the daily lives of rural Turkish women. More specifically, it analyzes the reception of daytime American soap operas by women in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Employing an interdisciplinary methodology that combines ethnography, textual analysis and transnational feminist theory, this study investigates how women’s media experiences allow them to resist their traditional roles assigned by Islamic patriarchies.Among the major questions addressed are, “I

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Mugnai, R., A. S. Santos, P. H. C. Corgosinho, and S. S. Salazar. "Removal of excess chlorazol black stains from microcrustacean specimens." Crustaceana 93, no. 7 (2020): 785–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-bja10035.

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Abstract The preparation of specimens is a crucial aspect of zoological studies. Some specific study techniques or certain taxonomic groups require staining processes. However, an excessive exposure to the staining agents can turn a specimen improper for morphological studies. Here, we report that an excess of chlorazol black, one of the most used stains in biology, can be easily removed from crustacean specimens with a solution of methanol and Extran® detergent or, less effectively, with a solution of methanol and commercial dishwashing soap.

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ZHAO, LIMING, DANIELLY CORTES, and HONGHI TRAN. "Effects of added materials on black liquor combustion." July 2016 15, no. 7 (2016): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj15.7.479.

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Black liquor is often mixed with various types of materials before being burned in a recovery boiler to meet specific needs of kraft pulp mills. A systematic study was conducted using a thermogravimetric combustor to examine how added materials might affect the combustion behavior of black liquors obtained from several pulp mills. The results show that adding soap, caustic, white liquor, and sawdust significantly reduces the liquor swelling tendency, thereby requiring a longer time for the liquor to burn completely. Adding makeup saltcake, precipitator ash, sodium sulfate, and biosludge, on th

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Hermansen, John E., and Pia Lund. "Fatty acid composition and milk quality related to feeding Ca-saponified palm acid oil to different breeds of dairy cows." Journal of Dairy Research 57, no. 1 (1990): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900026571.

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SummaryThe effect of supplementing a normal dairy feed ration (3–4% fatty acid of DM) with saponified palm acid oil (soap) was investigated in two experiments. The first experiment was carried out in eight herds (four Jersey, four heavy breeds), where the diet was supplemented with 1·0 and 0·5 kg soap for cows in the first and last part of lactation, respectively. Taste and acid degree of milk were not affected, and no breed × soap interaction was found. Fatty acid composition in milk was only slightly but significantly affected. The content of short and medium chain fatty acids was reduced (3

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Hermansen, J. E. "Food intake, milk yield and live-weight gain of dairy cows given increased amounts of calcium-saponified fatty acids of palm acid oil." Animal Science 50, no. 1 (1990): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100004426.

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ABSTRACTA long-term experiment (first 24 weeks of lactation) with Danish Black and White cows and a short-term experiment with Jersey cows (experiment periods of 6 weeks) were carried out. In the long-term experiment, the effect of supplementing a normal dairy ration with 0·5 kg calcium (Ca) soap, 10 kg Ca-soap or 2 kg rolled barley was investigated in two herds, where silage was given ad libitum. The daily intakes of fatty acids in the diets were approximately 625, 1000, 1400 or 650 g respectively. Energy intake increased markedly by the supplementation, but not differently between soap or ba

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Akinboro, S. A., A. Omotosho, J. A. Adeyiga, and E. Effiom. "Comparative study of Moore and Mealy machine models adaptation in black soap production." Nigerian Journal of Technology 36, no. 2 (2017): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i2.36.

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Zhang, Zhiqiang, Yingqiu Liang, and Yunhong Zhang. "Resonance Raman study on phase transition and molecular orientation in black soap films." Chemical Physics Letters 246, no. 1-2 (1995): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(95)01076-l.

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SANTOS, RICARDO, and PETER HART. "Commissioning brownstock washing controls for an evaporator limited mill." July 2016 15, no. 7 (2016): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj15.7.459.

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An automated shower water control system has been implemented to reduce the volume and variability of weak black liquor being sent from the pulp mill to the evaporators. The washing controls attempt to balance the need for consistent and low soda carryover to the bleach plant with consistently high weak black liquor solids being sent to the evaporators. The washer controls were implemented on two bleachable grade hardwood lines (one with oxygen delignification, one without oxygen delignification) and one pine line. Implementation of the control program resulted in an increase in black liquor s

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