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Journal articles on the topic 'Black wattle'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

S.O.K., Fajemilehin, and Adegun M.K. "PHENOTYPIC VARIATION OF SOME QUALITATIVE TRAITS IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 5 (May 28, 2020): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i5.2020.83.

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Each class of livestock has some peculiar qualitative traits and in goats some of these are coat pigmentation, horned/polled, beard/non-beard, wattled/non-wattled. Since the impact of environment is important in phenotypic expression of qualitative traits, it becomes expedient to examine these features in West African Dwarf Goats (WADG) from every climatic region of the world. To accomplish this, a total of 623 WADGs aged between 3 and 4 years reared extensively in Ekiti state region of Nigeria were purposively selected from the three agricultural zones in the state for the examination. Data were collected on coat pigmentation, horns, wattle and beard on sex basis. The commonest pigmentation was black at 31.29%, 35.43% and 34.18% in the three zones and the least encountered was mixed pigmentation at 11.66%, 07.62% and 08.44% respectively. The number without wattles (57%) outnumbered those with wattles (43%). 88% had no beards and 87% were horned. 30% of does had wattles and 59% were horned as against 13% and 29%, respectively in bucks. In all, 2% of doe and 9% of buck had beards. The levels of variation in the traits surveyed in the three Districts indicated that WADGs in the region are predominantly black, not wattled, not bearded and horned.

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2

Ekayanti, Novia, Indriyanto ., and Duryat . "Pengaruh Zat Alelopati Dari Pohon Akasia, Mangium, Dan Jati Terhadap Pertumbuhan Semai Akasia, Mangium, Dan Jati." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 3, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl1381-90.

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ABSTRACT Allelopathy is the compound released by the plants to the environtment where actualy another plants is living in. The purpose of this research were to find out the effect of allelopathy which came from earpod wattle (Acacia auriculiformis), black wattle (Acacia mangium), and teak (Tectona grandis) to the seedlings plants of earpod wattle, black wattle, and teak, and also to find out the effect of allelopathy above mentioned that had the weakest effect. This research was designed based on factorial in a complete random design. Factor I was the seedlings which consist of earpod wattle, black wattle, and teak, while factor II was the allelopathy which consists of non allelopathy was used, the use of allelopathy from the extraction of earpod wattle leaves, the extraction of black wattle leaves, and the extraction of teak leaves. The variable that was observed were seedlings height increasing, seedlings stem diameter increasing, number of leaves increasing, and living percentage of the seedlings. This observation data was tested by Bartlett test to know the homogenity of variance. Then it was analyzed by analysis of variance, then it is continually tested by least significant difference test. All the counting were done at 5% significant level. The result of this research showed that allelopathy which one came from earpod wattle, black wattle, and teak were not different effect for seedlings from allelopathy source in the same species. The giving of black wattle allelopathy had significant different effect in height earpod wattle seedlings. That also the giving of teak allelopathy had significant different effect in height black wattle seedlings. The earpod wattle allelopathy had significant different effect in diameter of stem earpod wattle, black wattle, and teak seedlings. Key words : allelopathy, extraction of earpod wattle, black wattle, and teak, seedlings growth

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3

Odubote, I. K. "INFLUENCE OF QUALITATIVE TRAITS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 21 (January 3, 2021): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v21i1.1082.

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Data on coat colour pigmentation and incidence of wattle were combined with production records of 1407 West African dwarf goats to study their influence on litter traits and body weight. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference among coat colours for litter size at birth and at weaning and birth weight. Basic white coloured goats were significantly (P <0.05) heavier at weaning and one year of age than the basic brown and black goats. The trend was that the weight decreased with increased pigmentation. Presence or absence of wattle did not exert any influence on the traits studied except yearling body weight Bilaterally wattled goats were lighter (P<0.01) than unilaterally wattled and non wattled goats.

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4

Suharti, Tati, Tri Joko, and Triwidodo Arwiyanto. "DETEKSI BAKTERI PATOGEN TERBAWA BENIH AKOR (ACACIA AURICULIFORMIS A. CUNN. EX BENTH.)." JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 17, no. 1 (May 3, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11719-36.

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Detection of seed-borne pathogenic bacteria of northern black wattle (Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex enth.). Intensive research of seed-borne pathogen of A. mangium and A. crassicarpa which have been established in industrial timber estate (HTI) was undertaken in Indonesia, while plantings development of northern black wattle have recently been established in the 1990s. Very limited information available on northern black wattle diseases especially seed-borne diseases. The objectives of this study were to identify seed-borne pathogenic bacteria of northern black wattle and the effects on seed germination. Methods for the isolation of bacteria were by seed soaking, seed griding, blotter test, growing-on test on paper and soil. Identification of bacteria by PCR used 63F/1387R primer. The results showed that seed-borne bacteria of northern black wattle were Paenochrobactrum sp., Ralstonia sp., Burkholderia cepacia complex, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Acinetobacter sp., Alcaligenes faecalis, Salmonella bongori, Escherichia hermannii while pathogenic bacteria cause seedling leafspot were Micrococcus luteus and Burkholderia cepacia complex. Burkholderia cepacia complex, A. faecalis, Acinetobater sp., P. stutzeri, S. bongori and Ralstonia sp. reduced seed germination and increased rotten seed, suggested that they were the pathogenic bacteria of northern black wattle seed. Ralstonia sp. significantly increased the percentage of rotten seed and decreased shoot length and root length. P. stutzeri and S. bongori significantly inhibited the root growth. Paenochrobactrum sp. and E. hermannii were assumed as pathogen with weak virulence due to seed germination, the percentage of rotten seed and vigour index were relatively similar to untreated seed.

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5

Peres, Rafael Silveira, Eduardo Cassel, and Denise Schermann Azambuja. "Black Wattle Tannin As Steel Corrosion Inhibitor." ISRN Corrosion 2012 (April 9, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/937920.

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In order to reduce the environmental impacts caused by chemical substances harmful to the environment and human health, the black wattle tannin can be used as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor in acid and near neutral media. This paper provides information on the application of black wattle tannin as an inhibitor against the corrosion of carbon steel. The inhibition was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization (PP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at room temperature in aerated 0.1 mol L−1 Na2SO4 (pH 6.0 and 2.5). The black wattle tannin when used as a corrosion inhibitor is more effective at acidic pH, its efficiency being dependent on its concentration. At the higher pH value (pH 6.0), a blue-black film (ferric tannate) with a short-term protection against corrosion was formed in aerated aqueous solution. At pH 2.5, this blue-black film was not observed.

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6

Odubote, I. K. "CHARACTERIZATION OF THE WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOAT FOR CERTAIN QUALITATIVE TRAITS." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 21 (January 3, 2021): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v21i1.1087.

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Records on 1344 West African dwarf goats collected between 1982 and 1992 were used in this study. The records were used to describe determine the mode of inheritance for certain qualitative traits in the breed. All the goats have the stiff, short and straight hair coat type. The goat colour was very variable, irregular and this include white, black brown, pied and mixed colours. Nonetheless basic black colour predominate (53.3%). Basic white and brown goats account for 6.8% and 39.9% respectively. All goats studied irrespective of sex were horned. The goats also have a pair of teats observed. Possession of beard is common in all breeding bucks, nonetheless, 11.6% of the females have beard. About two-thirds of thegoats were wattled which could be bilateral (63%) or unilateral (6.2%) but no sex difference was observed. The mean lengths of body hair, ruff on bisket, wattle, beard in males and females were 2.90±0.80cm, 10.90±3,30 cm, 2.40±0.70 cm, 7.40cm±3.20cm and 9.20±2.7cm, respectively. Gene frequencies of 0.66, 0.08, 0.33and 1.0 were obtained for presence of wattle, albinism, black pigmentation and non polled respectively.

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7

Weber, Richard W. "Allergen of the Month—Black Wattle." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 113, no. 6 (December 2014): A13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2014.10.017.

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8

Donnelly, D., F. J. Calitz, and I. M. R. Van Aarde. "Insecticidal control of Melanterius servulus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a potential biocontrol agent of Paraserianthes lophantha (Leguminosae), in commercial seed orchards of black wattle, Acacia mearnsii(Leguminosae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 82, no. 2 (June 1992): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300051725.

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AbstractA seed-feeding weevil, Melanterius servulus Pascoe, is considered suitable for release against the weed Paraserianthes lophantha. However, host specificity tests have indicated that M. servulus may also develop on the seeds of Acacia mearnsii (black wattle), which is both a weed and a crop plant in South Africa. Seed orchards, which supply the black wattle industry, may therefore need to be protected. The aim of this study was to determine whether the two pyrethroid insecticides presently used in wattle plantations against the wattle bagworm (Kotochalia junodi Heylaerts (Lepidoptera: Psychidae)) are effective against M. servulus. Since M. servulus has not yet been released in South Africa, field trials were not possible, and evidence that black wattle seed orchards can be protected from M. servulus was obtained indirectly, in two stages. Firstly, field trials showed that the two insecticides effectively protect the weed Acacia longifolia from a closely related weevil, Melanterius ventralis Lea, which has already been established as a biocontrol agent. Secondly, quarantine laboratory trials demonstrated that M. ventralis and M. servulus showed similar avoidance responses and similar levels of mortality when exposed to the insecticides. All the evidence indicates that the chemical protection of A. mearnsii seed orchards from M. servulus is possible.

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9

Yazaki, Yoshikazu. "Utilization of Flavonoid Compounds from Bark and Wood: A Review." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 3 (March 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000333.

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Flavonoid compounds, which are extracted from bark and wood and used commercially, are flavan 3-ols as monomers and their polymers, which are called “condensed tannins”. Reactions of the condensed tannins with formaldehyde are the basis for wood adhesives. In the late 1940s, tannin research for wood adhesives was begun and the world-first commercial use of wattle tannin from black wattle ( Acacia mearnsii) bark as wood adhesives occurred in Australia in the 1960s. In addition, wattle tannin-based adhesives were further developed in South Africa and the uses of these adhesives have been continuing to date. The success of wattle tannin in wood adhesives is demonstrated by the collaboration of the ACIAR with the CAF in the early 1990s. Although radiata pine bark ( Pinus radiata) could be a useful resource for the production of wood adhesives, three problems prevented its use in this application: low extractive yields from the bark, variable quality of the tannin extracts and excessive viscosity of the formulated tannin adhesives. In order to overcome these problems, various extraction methods have been proposed. Studies on tannin adhesives from bark of other pine species are also described. Furthermore, the use of the tannin in the bark without extraction is described as “bark adhesives” from radiata pine and black wattle. The use of radiata tannin without formaldehyde for moulded wood products is also described. Owing to the strong antioxidant activity of flavonoid compounds, bark extracts from French maritime pine ( Pinus pinaster, synonym P. maritima) and radiata pine have been commercialized as nutritional supplements: Pycnogenol and Enzogenol, respectively. The background and the development of Pycnogenol and the basic difference in the preparation processes between Pycnogenol and Enzogenol are described. On the basis of the discovery that the SOSA value for wattle tannin is approximately 10 times that of extracts from pine bark supplements (Pycnogenol and Enzogenol), chemical, biochemical and clinical studies on wattle tannin were conducted. Results from these studies are outlined. Wattle tannin has been developed as a nutritional supplement and marketed as Acapolia in Japan.

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10

Beck, S. L., and A. Fossey. "Gamma irradiation induces sterility or seedlessness in black wattle (Acacia mearnsii)." Seed Science and Technology 35, no. 2 (July 1, 2007): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2007.35.2.10.

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11

Sanquetta, Mateus Niroh Inoue, John Paul McTague, Henrique Ferraço Scolforo, Alexandre Behling, Carlos Roberto Sanquetta, and Luciane Naimeke Schmidt. "What factors should be accounted for when developing a generalized taper function for black wattle trees?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, no. 11 (November 2020): 1113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2020-0163.

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Taper functions have been widely used for various purposes. Several functions were developed and successfully applied; however, most of these functions fail to account for the influence of stand-level and individual-tree effects of variation on the stem profile. Hence, we aimed in this study to assess how these factors influence the stem profile of black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.) trees in southern Brazil. There is a notable necessity for developing a domestic market for black wattle solid wood. The database was composed of 218 black wattle trees at age 10 years distributed across the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A dimensionally compatible taper equation combined with the mixed-effect modeling approach was used. Additionally, auxiliary variables were included to build a generalized taper function that explains stem form variations. In general, all variables showed a significant influence on the stem profile, except the crown ratio. The inclusion of relative spacing and tree hierarchical position in the taper function resulted in higher accuracy when estimating stem diameters and total tree volume. This study indicates that accounting for attributes at the stand and individual-tree levels may improve stem profile predictions, as well as the biological soundness of the taper function.

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12

Smith, F. H. "Swartwattelbome: seën of vloek vir Suid- Afrika?" Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 25, no. 4 (September 22, 2006): 226–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v25i4.166.

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Daar is reeds baie geskryf oor uitheemse indringerplante, veral Acacia mearnsii De Wild, die swartwattelboom en die skade wat hierdie plante aan die plaaslike ekologie aanrig. In hierdie artikel word aandag gegee aan die ontstaan van die probleem, asook aan die inbring en verspreiding van swartwattelbome in die Republiek van Suid-Afrika (Suid-Afrika). Die probleme wat deur die onbeheerde verspreiding van wattelbome veroorsaak is, het die regering verplig om op te tree ten einde hierdie probleme te bekamp. Voor 1936 was daar aanvanklik geen formele beleid met betrekking tot die invoer, kweek en beheer van hierdie bome nie. Dit het daartoe gelei dat die regering in die wattelbedryf ingegryp het om ’n sekere mate van beheer te vestig en om probleme met betrekking tot uitheemse indringerplante in die algemeen – en die swartwattelboom in die besonder – die hoof te bied. Voorts sal daar ook gelet word op die rol van swartwattel in volhoubare ontwikkeling deur te fokus op die omgewings-/ekologiese probleem van impak op die biodiversiteit en die waterbronne en ook op die voordele wat dit het om woudherstel aan te help. Die artikel bespreek sosiale voordele wat die boom het vir inwoners van landelike gebiede as voorsiener in bou- en konstruksiemateriaal en vuurmaakhout, wat andersins uit die boomveld en/of inheemse woude verkry moet word. Die boom voorsien ook in die houtbehoeftes van die industrie in die vorm van byvoorbeeld pale, pulp en ekstrak. Laastens volg ’n bespreking van die Werk-vir-Water-program. AbatractBlack wattle trees: blessing or curse to South Africa Much has been written about alien invasive plants, especially Acacia mearnsii De Wild, the black wattle tree and the damage done by these plants to the local ecology. In this article cognisance is taken of how the problem was created, the introduction into and the distribution of black wattle trees in the Republic of South Africa (South Africa). Problems experienced by the uncontrolled spreading of wattle trees forced the government to act, as there was no formal policy before 1936 on the importation, cultivation and control thereof. This led to intervention by government in the wattle industry to establish some form of control and to address the problems related to alien invasive plants in general, and the black wattle tree in particular. Furthermore, cognisance will be taken of the role the black wattle plays in sustainable development by considering the environmental/ecological problem of its impact on bio-diversity and the water sources as well as the advantages it has in the process of forest recovery. Secondly notice will be taken of the social advantages the tree has for the inhabitants of rural areas as a provider of building and construction material and firewood, which would otherwise come from the woodlands and/or indigenous forests. The tree also provides in the timber requirements of industry in the form of for instance poles, pulp and extract. Lastly, the article explores the Work-for-Water Programme.

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13

Maximo, Yasmin Imparato, Angela Cristina Ikeda, Paulo César Flôres Júnior, Giovana Bomfim De Alcantara, and Antonio Higa. "Optimization of genomic DNA extraction protocol for black wattle." Agrarian 13, no. 49 (July 27, 2020): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30612/agrarian.v13i49.9190.

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Considerando-se que a atual tendência do melhoramento florestal é a integração das técnicas clássicas com as de análise genética molecular, faz-se necessária a obtenção de protocolos de extração de DNA genômico ajustados a cada espécie estudada. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar o efeito de diferentes adaptações no protocolo de extração de DNA genômico CTAB para acácia-negra. Foram testados diferentes componentes na fase de extração orgânica: clorofórmio, fenol e proteinase K, além da aplicação de RNase após a fase de precipitação e limpeza do DNA. Também, foi investigada a eficiência destes tratamentos em amostras de folíolos frescas ou armazenadas em baixa temperatura durante sete dias. Foi verificada a presença de DNA de todas as amostras submetidas à extração pelo protocolo de CTAB com os diferentes tratamentos. O tempo de armazenamento das amostras não influenciou na integridade do DNA, entretanto, foi possível observar que a adição de RNase melhorou a qualidade do DNA extraído. Deste modo, sugere-se a utilização do protocolo CTAB com uso de clorofórmio e RNase, com amostras frescas ou armazenadas em baixas temperaturas.

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14

Roux, J., G. H. J. Kemp, and M. J. Wingfield. "Diseases of Black Wattle in South Africa—A Review." South African Forestry Journal 174, no. 1 (November 1995): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00382167.1995.9629876.

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15

Peres, Rafael Silveira, Eduardo Cassel, Carlos Arthur Ferreira, and Denise Schermann Azambuja. "Black wattle tannin as a zinc phosphating coating sealer." Surface and Interface Analysis 46, no. 1 (November 4, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.5345.

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16

Liu, Jianting, Zhendong Yu, Qiqi Li, Yuancai Lv, Chunxiang Lin, Jianhui Huang, Yifan Liu, and Minghua Liu. "Adsorption behavior of gardenia yellow pigment on embedded spherical cellulose adsorbent." RSC Advances 11, no. 8 (2021): 4407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra09796a.

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A spherical cellulose adsorbent embedded with black wattle extract (SABW) was prepared and used to adsorb gardenia yellow pigment (GYP). The result revealed that SABW presented excellent adsorption performance to GYP.

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17

Gonçalves de Oliveira, Thiago Wendling, Vinícius Morais Coutinho, Luan Demarco Fiorentin, Mateus Niroh Inoue Sanquetta, Carlos Roberto Sanquetta, and Ana Paula Dalla Corte. "HOW TO ESTIMATE BLACK WATTLE ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS FROM HETEROSCEDASTIC DATA?" FLORESTA 51, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 028. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v51i1.65236.

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This study developed a system of equations for predicting total aboveground and component biomass in black wattle trees. A total of 140 black wattle trees at age 10 years were measured regarding their diameter at 1.30 m height above the ground (d), total tree height (h), basic wood density (branches and stem), and biomass (stem, crown, and aboveground). We evaluated the performance of linear and nonlinear allometric models by comparing the statistics of R2adj., RRMSE%, and BIC. Nonlinear models performed better when predicting crown biomass (using only d as an independent variable), and stem and aboveground biomass (using d and h as independent variables). Adding basic density did not significantly improve biomass modeling. The residuals had non-homogeneous variance; thus, the fitted equations were weighted, with weights derived from a function containing the same independent variables of the fitted biomass function. Subsequently, we used a simultaneous set of equations to ensure that the sum of each component's estimated biomass values was equal to the total biomass values. Simultaneous fitting improved the performance of the equations by guaranteeing the components' additivity, and weighted regression allowed to stabilize error variance, ensuring the homoscedasticity of the residuals.

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18

Viera, Márcio, Mauro Valdir Schumacher, Edenilson Vieira Liberalesso, and Roque Rodríguez-Soalleiro. "MIXED AND MONOSPECIFIC STANDS OF EUCALYPTUS AND BLACK-WATTLE. II - FINE ROOT BIOMASS DENSITY." CERNE 21, no. 2 (June 2015): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01047760201521021255.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate fine root biomass density (FRBD) in mixed and monospecific stands of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla and Acacia mearnsii(black wattle) in Bagé-RS (Southern Brazil). An experimental trial was installed with three treatments: 100% Eucalyptus (100E); 100% Acacia mearnsii (100A); 50% Eucalyptus + 50% Acacia mearnsii (50E:50A). The trial was carried using a randomized block design with three replicates. The fine root (≤ 2.0mm) biomass density was determined 8 and 18 months after planting the trees. Soil samples were collected, with a cylindrical extractor auger (d = 7.0 cm), from four depths (0 - 5, 5 - 10, 10 - 20 and 20 - 30 cm) at each sampling point. After 8 months, the FRBD distribution was the same in both species and in all soil layers, reaching the maximum projection at 125 cm from the tree trunk. After 18 months, the root biomass density was higher in the monospecific black wattle stand than in the monospecific eucalyptus stand and the mixed stand. The fine root biomass density was highest in the 5 - 10 cm layer close to the trunk, for the planting row spacing, the planting line and the diagonals between two planting lines. Knowledge about fine root growth and distribution in soil at initial stages of stand development may help in decision-making for intensive forestry, thus ensuring more efficient use of soil resources.

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19

Suharti, Tati, Triwidodo Arwiyanto, and Tri Joko. "Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Bibit Akor yang Diinokulasi Bakteri Patogen Terbawa Benih." Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 14, no. 5 (January 29, 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.14692/jfi.14.5.159.

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Growth and Development of Inoculated in Northern Black Wattle Seedling with Seed Borne Bacterial PathogensNorthern black wattle (Acacia auriculiformis) is a fast growing species that has multipurpose benefits such as pulpwood, solid wood, firewood, charcoal and pellet. Seed-borne bacterial pathogens were reported to reduce seed germination and seedling growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate effect of seed borne bacterial pathogen of A. auriculiformis on seed germination and 12 weeks-old seedling growth. Bacterial seed inoculation was performed by soaking the seed into respective bacterial suspension for 2 hours. The tested bacteria were Acinetobacter sp., Alcaligenes faecalis, Burkholderia cepacia complex, Escherichia hermannii, Paenochrobactrum sp., Pseudomonas stutzeri, Ralstonia sp., and Salmonella bongori. The results showed that all tested bacteria could reduce seed germination, but those does not affect seedling growth significantly. All tested bacteria excluding Acinetobacter sp. could inhibit seedling growth and development.

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Dos Santos, A. F., E. D. M. N. Luz, and J. T. De Souza. "First report of Phytophthora boehmeriae on black wattle in Brazil." Plant Pathology 55, no. 6 (December 2006): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01462.x.

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21

Kronberg, Scott L. "Sheep Ingestion of Water Containing Quebracho or Black Wattle Tannin." Rangeland Ecology & Management 63, no. 2 (March 2010): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/08-254.1.

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22

Dunlop, R. W., R. D. Bairnes, K. M. Nixon, and S. F. Hagedorn. "A breeding strategy forAcacia mearnsii(black wattle) in South Africa." Southern African Forestry Journal 199, no. 1 (November 2003): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20702620.2003.10431749.

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Mao, H., Y. Liao, J. Ma, S. L. Zhao, and F. W. Huo. "Water-soluble metal nanoparticles stabilized by plant polyphenols for improving the catalytic properties in oxidation of alcohols." Nanoscale 8, no. 2 (2016): 1049–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr07897k.

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We successfully synthesized amphiphilic platinum nanoparticle catalyst (BWT-Pt) by using black wattle tannin (BWT) as the stabilizer, which prevented the Pt nanoparticles from aggregating and leaching during the catalytic reactions. The resultant catalyst exhibited high activity and cycling stability in the oxidation of alcohols.

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Alexandre, Behling, Roberto Sanquetta Carlos, Paula Dalla Corte Ana, Pellico Netto Sylvio, Otomar Caron Braulio, Arlindo Simon Augusto, Lourenco Rodrigues Aurelio, and Schmidt Denise. "Analysis of leaf area in black wattle throughout its plantation cycle." African Journal of Agricultural Research 10, no. 34 (August 20, 2015): 3382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2015.9579.

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25

Schönau, A. P. G., and W. J. K. Aldworth. "Site Evaluation in Black Wattle with Special Reference to Soil Factors." South African Forestry Journal 156, no. 1 (March 1991): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00382167.1991.9629085.

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26

Beck, Sascha L., Annabel Fossey, and Sadhna Mathura. "Ploidy determination of black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) using stomatal chloroplast counts." Southern African Forestry Journal 198, no. 1 (July 2003): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20702620.2003.10431738.

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Seburanga, Jean Leonard. "Self-Established Black Wattle Populations in Rwanda: Implications for Nature Conservation." Small-scale Forestry 15, no. 1 (November 19, 2015): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11842-015-9312-z.

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Oberle, Anna, Zuzana Paschová, Miklós Bak, and Vladimír Gryc. "Beech wood impregnation with hydrolyzed wattle tannin." BioResources 16, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 2548–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.2548-2556.

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Tannins and their toxic effects against various decay organisms have been interrelated for centuries. As natural products have gained more interest, waste from several production fields abundant in tannins has yielded promising components for wood preservation. In this work, the main approach was to split condensed tannins into smaller fractions by chemical hydrolysis and evaluate their suitability for beech wood impregnation. Commercial extract from black wattle was treated with mineral acid of low concentration. The volatile hydrochloric acid was completely removed after reaction by evaporation in the course of freeze-drying. The modified extract was then applied as aqueous solution into beech wood. The water resistance of the modified beech wood was not increased significantly, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed no evidence of tannin successful bonding within wood cells. Nevertheless, after strong leaching cycles, part of the extract accumulated in fibers. Moreover, lyophilization was found to be a suitable technique to eliminate volatile acids from temperature-sensitive extracts, such as tannins. These findings could help in the development of water-borne tannin formulations for wood protection, while using phlobaphene formation as a potential natural pathway of tannin autocondensation.

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Seburanga, Jean Leonard. "Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsiiDe Wild.) in Rwanda’s Forestry: Implications for Nature Conservation." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 34, no. 3 (February 3, 2015): 276–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2015.1004715.

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Alberti, Ricardo, Fernanda Lais Novello, Eduardo Alexandre Albarello, Ewerton Jose de Medeiros Torres, and Fernando De Jesus Moreira Junior. "Methods of overcoming dormancy in seeds and initial development of Black Wattle." Ciência e Natura 42 (December 29, 2020): e44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x40498.

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The objective of this work was to analyze the efficacy of different methods of dormancy break in seeds of Acacia mearnsii De Wild. The work was performed at the UFSM Botany Lab and Forest Nursery, in Frederico Westphalen, RS. The treatments were: (T1) control; (T2) immersion in hot water (90 °C) for 5 minutes, followed by rest; (T3) immersion in hot water (90 °C) for 10 minutes, followed by rest; (T4) chemical scarification with concentrated sulfuric acid for 3 minutes, followed by washing under running water; (T5) chiseling with concentrated sulfuric acid for 5 minutes, followed by washing under running water. The seeds were sown in plastic trays with Oxisol and vermiculite. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and data were differentiated by Test t with 5% of probability. The most efficient treatment to overcome dormancy was T2, presenting 81.29% of germinated seeds and IVG of 18.23 days for germination. This treatment was also the best for the variables of physical vigor and best performing root length and aerial part, and did not differ from improved treatments for diameter and green mass weight.

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Zoetendal, Erwin G., Alexandra H. Smith, Monica A. Sundset, and Roderick I. Mackie. "The BaeSR Two-Component Regulatory System Mediates Resistance to Condensed Tannins in Escherichia coli." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 2 (November 26, 2007): 535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02271-07.

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ABSTRACT The gene expression profiles of Escherichia coli strains grown anaerobically with or without Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) extract were compared to identify tannin resistance strategies. The cell envelope stress protein gene spy and the multidrug transporter-encoding operon mdtABCD, both under the control of the BaeSR two-component regulatory system, were significantly up-regulated in the presence of tannins. BaeSR mutants were more tannin sensitive than their wild-type counterparts.

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Avila, Andre S., Maximiliane A. Zambom, Andressa Faccenda, Maria L. Fischer, Fernando A. Anschau, Tiago Venturini, Rodrigo C. R. Tinini, Jessica G. Dessbesell, and Antonio P. Faciola. "Effects of Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsii) Condensed Tannins on Intake, Protozoa Population, Ruminal Fermentation, and Nutrient Digestibility in Jersey Steers." Animals 10, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10061011.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of condensed tannins (CT) from black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) on feed intake, ruminal protozoa population, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestibility in Jersey steers. Five ruminally-cannulated steers were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design, with five periods of 20 days each (14 days for diet adaptation and six days for sample collection per period). Treatments were composed of dietary inclusion levels of condensed tannins at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg of diet dry matter. Intakes of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrients were not affected by condensed tannins. The ruminal pH was reduced linearly with tannin levels. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration was not affected by tannins. Tannins reduced the molar proportion of acetate and did not affect the ruminal protozoal population, which might be related to the low doses used. Digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber were not altered; however, there was a linear reduction in crude protein digestibility. Based on these results, CT extracts from black wattle are not recommended for improving nutrient utilization in steers at the tested levels.

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Smith, Alexandra H., James A. Imlay, and Roderick I. Mackie. "Increasing the Oxidative Stress Response Allows Escherichia coli To Overcome Inhibitory Effects of Condensed Tannins." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 6 (June 2003): 3406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.6.3406-3411.2003.

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ABSTRACT Tannins are plant-derived polyphenols with antimicrobial effects. The mechanism of tannin toxicity towards Escherichia coli was determined by using an extract from Acacia mearnsii (Black wattle) as a source of condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins). E. coli growth was inhibited by tannins only when tannins were exposed to oxygen. Tannins auto-oxidize, and substantial hydrogen peroxide was generated when they were added to aerobic media. The addition of exogenous catalase permitted growth in tannin medium. E. coli mutants that lacked HPI, the major catalase, were especially sensitive to tannins, while oxyR mutants that constitutively overexpress antioxidant enzymes were resistant. A tannin-resistant mutant was isolated in which a promoter-region point mutation increased the level of HPI by 10-fold. Our results indicate that wattle condensed tannins are toxic to E. coli in aerobic medium primarily because they generate H2O2. The oxidative stress response helps E. coli strains to overcome their inhibitory effect.

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Behling, Marcos, Henrique Soares Koehler, and Alexandre Behling. "COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN THE STEM VOLUME AND TAPER EQUATIONS VOLUME FOR BLACK WATTLE TREES." FLORESTA 50, no. 3 (July 10, 2020): 1518. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v50i3.63881.

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A system of equations widely used in Forest Engineering by the international community of researchers consists of a combination of a volumetric function and a taper function, with the purpose of making volume estimates compatible. When using the volume function and the taper function in a system, the result of the volume estimated by the two functions should be compatible, meaning that the volume estimated by the volumetric function should not differ from the volume obtained by integrating the taper function. Thus, the purpose of this paper was to develop and present the procedures of a system of equations to make volume estimates from both volume and taper equations compatible, and then compare it to the traditional approach, which is used in forestry companies. The procedures proposed were applied to a data set on the Acacia mearnsii De Wild. (black wattle) at sites where the plantation of this species is concentrated in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The data set included 343 trees ranging from 5 to 10.75 years of age. It was noted that the lack of volume compatibility, in absolute terms, grows exponentially with the size of the tree. The quality of the estimates using the system of compatible equations did not differ from those obtained from the traditional model, therefore, the former is preferable. Furthermore, it was noted that the residuals from the volume and taper equations are correlated, which suggests that the system of equations be fitted simultaneously.

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Avila, Andre S., Maximiliane A. Zambom, Andressa Faccenda, Caroline H. Werle, Ana R. E. Almeida, Cibele R. Schneider, Dieisson G. Grunevald, and Antonio P. Faciola. "Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsii) Condensed Tannins as Feed Additives to Lactating Dairy Cows." Animals 10, no. 4 (April 11, 2020): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10040662.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of five levels of condensed tannins (CT) from black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) in the diets of lactating dairy cows on intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal microbial protein synthesis, milk production, composition, oxidative profile, and blood metabolites. Five Holstein cows (88 ± 26.8 days in milk) were allocated in a 5 x 5 Latin square design for a period of 20 days (14 days of diet adaptation and six for sampling). Treatments were the inclusion levels of CT at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/kg of dry matter (DM) in the diet. There was no effect of CT on DM intake. The digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fiber changed quadratically, with the maximum values at 12.2 and 11.4 g/kg of DM, respectively. There was no effect on ruminal microbial protein synthesis and milk production; however, milk casein concentration was reduced linearly. There was no effect on the milk oxidative profile. Inclusion of CT at levels up to 20 g/kg of DM did not affect intake or microbial protein synthesis; however, added CT depressed the production of energy corrected milk and milk casein concentration.

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36

Peres, Rafael S., Eduardo Cassel, Carlos A. Ferreira, and Denise S. Azambuja. "Grain Refiner Effect of Black Wattle Tannin in Iron and Zinc Phosphate Coatings." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 53, no. 7 (February 4, 2014): 2706–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie403820m.

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37

Mathura, S., S. L. Beck, and A. Fossey. "Effects of storage conditions on chlorophyll content in diploid black wattle (Acacia mearnsii)." Southern African Forestry Journal 207, no. 1 (July 2006): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/10295920609505249.

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38

Alves, T. C. A., D. J. Tessmann, K. L. Ivors, J. B. Ristaino, and A. F. Santos. "First Report of Gummosis Caused by Phytophthora frigida on Black Wattle in Brazil." Plant Disease 100, no. 11 (November 2016): 2336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-16-0134-pdn.

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39

Mathura, S. "Comparative study of chlorophyll content in diploid and tetraploid black wattle (Acacia mearnsii)." Forestry 79, no. 4 (June 21, 2006): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpl023.

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40

Eloy, Elder, Dimas Agostinho da Silva, Braulio Otomar Caron, Rômulo Trevisan, and Rafaelo Balbinot. "Effect of age and plant spacing on the energy properties of black wattle." Comunicata Scientiae 8, no. 3 (April 11, 2018): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v8i3.1771.

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The aim of this study was to determine the effect on the energy properties of different biomass components of Acacia mearnsii De Wild distributed in different plant spacings: 2.0x1.0 m, 2.0x1.5 m, 3.0x1.0 m and 3.0x1.5 m, in the 1st, 3rd and 5th years after planting. The experiment was performed in a complete randomized block design in three replicates. The following traits were determined: biomass (BIO), gross calorific value (GCV), basic density (BD), energy productivity (EP), energy density (ED), fixed carbon content (FCC), volatile material content (VMC) and ash content (AC) of different biomass components: wood, bark, branch and leaf. The effect of age significantly influenced all variables, providing an increasing distribution of BIO, EP, BD and ED. The four plant spacings provided different yields of BIO, EP, GCV and BD and the increased spacing caused a tendency to reduce BIO and EP values in all evaluated periods. In the 5th year, even being influenced by the spacing, the BD did not present a systematic increase or decrease over the provided living space. The three components of the trees induced a significant effect on the BIO, GCV, EP, FCC, VMC and AC variables.

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41

Schimleck, L. R., and Y. Yazaki. "Analysis of Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild) Bark by Near Infrared Spectroscopy." Holzforschung 57, no. 5 (August 20, 2003): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2003.078.

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Summary The analysis of two sets of Acacia mearnsii De Wild (Black Wattle) samples by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is reported. Set 1 samples were characterised in terms of hot water extractives, Stiasny value and polyflavanoid content. Set 2 samples were characterised by nine different parameters, including tannin content. NIR spectra were obtained from the milled bark of all samples and calibrations developed for each parameter. Calibrations developed for hot water extractives and polyflavanoid content (set 1) gave very good coefficients of determination (R2) and performed well in prediction. Set 2 calibrations were generally good with total and soluble solids, tannin content, Stiasny value-2 and UV-2, all having R2 greater than 0.8. Owing to the small number of set 2 samples, no predictions were made using the calibrations. The strong relationships obtained for many parameters in this study indicates that NIR spectroscopy has considerable potential for the rapid assessment of the quality of extractives in A. mearnsii bark.

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Peres, Rafael S., Elaine Armelin, Carlos Alemán, and Carlos A. Ferreira. "Modified tannin extracted from black wattle tree as an environmentally friendly antifouling pigment." Industrial Crops and Products 65 (March 2015): 506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.10.033.

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43

Sun, Xubing, Jiayong Zhang, and Yaohui You. "Enhancement of Cu(II) removal by carbon disulfide modified black wattle tannin gel." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 608 (January 2021): 125594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125594.

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44

Schneider, Paulo Renato, and Gerard Oesten. "Determinação da produção de madeira Acácia negra, Acacia Mearnsii de Wild." Ciência e Natura 11, no. 11 (December 11, 1989): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x25553.

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The present research was undertaken with black wattle, Acacia mearnsii De Wild. The objective was to determine wood yield with shell and without, bark estimated through an equation obtained by a production model, related to age, dominant height and basal area, expressed by the generic model: log V = b0 + bl.h02 + b2.LogG, were V was volume/hectare; G basal area per hectare; h0 the dominant height. This equation showed a high statistical precision. The independent variables, dominant height and basal area exolicated 97,8 and 85,2% of the yield variation with and without bar, respectively.

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Viera, Márcio, Mauro Valdir Schumacher, and Edenilson Liberalesso. "Mixed and monospecific stands of eucalyptus and black-wattle: I - fine root length density." Ciência Rural 42, no. 10 (August 21, 2012): 1818–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782012005000074.

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Fine root length density (FRLD) was evaluated in mixed and monospecific stands of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla and Acacia mearnsii in Southern Brazil. FRLD (≤2,0mm) at 8 and 18 months after planting in the treatments: 100E (100% of eucalyptus); 100A (100% of Acacia mearnsii); 50E:50A (50% of eucalyptus + 50% of Acacia mearnsii). The findings demonstrated that the FRLD at 8 months of age have the same distribution, in the two different species, in the distribution of the different soil layers, reaching the maximum projection of 125cm from the tree trunk. For the age of 18 months after planting, it was verified that the FRLD in the monospecific stand of Acacia mearnsii was higher than in the monoculture and mixed stand of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. Therefore, no interaction, neither positive nor negative, between the root systems of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla and Acacia mearnsii during the 18 months after planting was found. The higher FRLD is found at the soil layers surface, next to the tree trunk and in the planting line, followed by the diagonal and planting rows. The initial growth in length of the root system of Acacia mearnsii is more dynamic with higher density than the eucalyptus, but without interfering directly in the global growth of fine roots in mixed stands.

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Griffiths, W. M., C. E. F. Clark, D. A. Clark, and G. C. Waghorn. "Supplementing lactating dairy cows fed high-quality pasture with black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) tannin." Animal 7, no. 11 (2013): 1789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1751731113001420.

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47

Santana, Marcos A. E., and Melissa G. D. Baumann. "Phenol-Formaldehyde Plywood Adhesive Resins Prepared With Liquefied Bark of Black Wattle(Acacia mearnsii)." Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology 16, no. 1 (January 1996): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02773819608545779.

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48

Ghebremicael, S. T., C. W. Smith, and F. B. Ahmed. "Estimating the leaf area index (LAI) of black wattle from Landsat ETM+ satellite imagery." Southern African Forestry Journal 201, no. 1 (July 2004): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20702620.2004.10431769.

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Sanquetta, Carlos Roberto, Alexandre Behling, Ana Paula Dalla Corte, Sylvio Péllico Netto, Aurelio Lourenço Rodrigues, and Augusto Arlindo Simon. "A Model Based on Environmental Factors for Diameter Distribution in Black Wattle in Brazil." PLoS ONE 9, no. 6 (June 16, 2014): e100093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100093.

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Alves, Tatiane C. Albuquerque, Dauri J. Tessmann, Kelly L. Ivors, Jean B. Ristaino, and Álvaro F. dos Santos. "Phytophthora acaciae sp. nov., a new species causing gummosis of black wattle in Brazil." Mycologia 111, no. 3 (April 9, 2019): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2019.1575685.

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