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1

Jain, P. K. "On blackbody radiation." Physics Education 26, no. 3 (1991): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/26/3/011.

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2

Yang, Wenhang, Chen Cao, Pujiang Huang, et al. "Temperature-Automated Calibration Methods for a Large-Area Blackbody Radiation Source." Sensors 24, no. 5 (2024): 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24051707.

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High-precision temperature control of large-area blackbodies has a pivotal role in temperature calibration and thermal imaging correction. Meanwhile, it is necessary to correct the temperature difference between the radiating (surface of use) and back surfaces (where the temperature sensor is installed) of the blackbody during the testing phase. Moreover, large-area blackbodies are usually composed of multiple temperature control channels, and manual correction in this scenario is error-prone and inefficient. At present, there is no method that can achieve temperature-automated calibration for
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3

Lavenda, B. H., and W. Figueiredo. "Mechanism of blackbody radiation." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 28, no. 4 (1989): 391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00673292.

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4

Lu, Xiaoming, Qishan Tang, and Wendong Kang. "Research and Verification of Blackbody Radiation Law." Insight - Energy Science 1, no. 1 (2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/i-es.v1i1.115.

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<p>Blackbody radiation theory is one of the important origins of light quantum theory in the twentieth century. It is not only an important basis for quantum mechanics and photonics theory, but also an important conclusion of blackbody radiation, and an important foundation of modern measurement. In the early nineteenth century, the study of thermal radiation was supported by thermodynamics and spectroscopy, and the rapid development of electromagnetism and optics was used. By the end of the 19th century, it was recognized that both the thermal radiation and the optical radiation were el
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5

Lu, Xiaoming, Qishan Tang, and Wendong Kang. "Research and Verifi cation of Blackbody Radiation Law." Insight - Physics 4, no. 1 (2021): 142. https://doi.org/10.18282/ip.v1i1.142.

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Blackbody radiation theory is one of the important origins of light quantum theory in the twentieth century. It is not only an important basis for quantum mechanics and photonics theory, but also an important conclusion of blackbody radiation, and an important foundation of modern measurement. In the early nineteenth century, the study of thermal radiation was supported by thermodynamics and spectroscopy, and the rapid development of electromagnetism and optics was used. By the end of the 19th century, it was recognized that both the thermal radiation and the optical radiation were electromagn
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6

Ginzburg, Sivan, Re’em Sari, and Abraham Loeb. "BLACKBODY RADIATION FROM ISOLATED NEPTUNES." Astrophysical Journal 822, no. 1 (2017): L11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/822/1/l11.

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7

LAKHTAKIA, A. "THE INVERSE BLACKBODY RADIATION PROBLEM." Modern Physics Letters B 05, no. 07 (1991): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984991000575.

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The inverse blackbody radiation problem is of great importance in remote sensing, and has been tackled with some success during the last decade. Progress made in solving this problem is reviewed here.
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8

Torres-Hernández, José. "Photon mass and blackbody radiation." Physical Review A 32, no. 1 (1985): 623–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.32.623.

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9

BenÍTez, Pablo, Roland Winston, and Juan C. Miñano. "Geometrical optics and blackbody radiation." Journal of Modern Optics 55, no. 1 (2008): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340701304038.

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10

Fort, J. "Information theory and blackbody radiation." Contemporary Physics 40, no. 1 (1999): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/001075199181701.

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11

Massa, Corrado. "Gravitational constraints on blackbody radiation." American Journal of Physics 57, no. 1 (1989): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.15882.

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12

Stewart, Seán M. "Blackbody radiation functions and polylogarithms." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 113, no. 3 (2012): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2011.10.010.

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13

Yang, Zhou, Qing-Chen Long, Wei-Jia Yang, and Ai-Jun Dong. "A Study of the Accretion–Jet Coupling of Black Hole Objects at Different Scales." Universe 10, no. 8 (2024): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe10080335.

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The fundamental plane of black hole activity is a very important tool to study accretion and jets. However, we found that the SEDs of AGNs and XRBs are different in the 2–10 keV energy band, and it seems inappropriate to use 2–10 keV X-ray luminosities to study the fundamental plane. In this work, we use the luminosity near the peak of the blackbody radiation of the active galactic nuclei and black hole binaries to replace the 2–10 keV luminosity. We re-explore the fundamental plane of black hole activity by using the 2500 A˚ luminosity as the peak luminosity of the blackbody radiation of AGNs
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14

Mezger, P. G. "The Interstellar Radiation Field and Its Interaction with the Interstellar Matter." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 139 (1990): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900240400.

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Most stars emit most of their radiation in the wavelength range between the far ultraviolet (FUV) and near-infrared (IR). Eddington (1926) first estimated for the solar vicinity a mean radiation intensity of the interstellar radiation field (ISRF) equivalent to that of blackbody radiation of ~3 K but with a spectral distribution that can be approximated by ~10,000 K blackbody radiation diluted by a factor ≈ 10−14.
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15

CHOI, J. R. "DISSIPATIVE BLACKBODY RADIATION: RADIATION IN A LOSSY CAVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 18, no. 03 (2004): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979204023775.

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We defined normalized density operator that satisfies Liouville–von Neumann equation in terms of the invariant operator. The energy density inside the cavity decreased exponentially with time due to the conductivity of the media. We also evaluated the total number of photons in the cavity.
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16

Wilkinson, D. T., and F. Melchiorri. "2. Anisotropy of the blackbody radiation." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 19, no. 1 (1985): 661–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00006738.

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The 2.7 K microwave background radiation provides a sensitive probe of the universe in the interesting, but poorly understood, epoch around z ˜ 1000. At this time (age ~ 10 yr) the universe has cooled to T ~ 4000 K, the plasma combines, Thomson scattering ceases, and matter and blackbody radiation decouple. Subsequently, the radiation freely propagates to us, carrying the imprint of temperature fluctuations on the z ~ 1000 surface. The temperature fluctuations could have been caused by primordial density fluctuations, anisotropy in the expansion of the universe, or inhomogeneity in the initial
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17

Gravanis, E., and E. Akylas. "Blackbody radiation, kappa distribution and superstatistics." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 578 (September 2021): 126132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2021.126132.

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18

Chernin, Semen M. "High-temperature miniature blackbody radiation sources." Applied Optics 36, no. 7 (1997): 1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.36.001580.

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19

Martı́nez, S., F. Pennini, A. Plastino, and C. Tessone. "Blackbody radiation in a nonextensive scenario." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 295, no. 1-2 (2001): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(01)00078-4.

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20

Ribeiro, C. I. "Blackbody Radiation from an Incandescent Lamp." Physics Teacher 52, no. 6 (2014): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4893096.

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21

WILKINSON, D. T. "Anisotropy of the Cosmic Blackbody Radiation." Science 232, no. 4757 (1986): 1517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.232.4757.1517.

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22

Santos, Marcelo Borges Dos, and Luís Mauro Moura. "A simple way to deduce the Planck equation of blackbody radiation emission." High Temperatures-High Pressures 53, no. 1-2 (2024): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32908/hthp.v53.jsf02.

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The blackbody radiation equation, also known as the Planck equation, has proved to be a challenge for students starting their studies in the field of thermal radiation, and this article aims to overcome this difficulty by presenting it in a simplified way. First, the classical approach to the blackbody derivation performed by the scientist Max Planck will be presented, which uses the concept of entropy, related to the different forms of energy distribution, in a thermodynamic system, complexion, according to Planck. Next, the deduction of the blackbody equation is presented, without resorting
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23

Cheng, Long, Yingguo Tian, Xinfeng Gu, et al. "A Study on Calibration Error Correction Method for Measurement of Infrared Radiation on Ships." Advances in Computer and Materials Scienc Research 1, no. 1 (2024): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.70114/acmsr.2024.1.1.p203.

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Radiation calibration is one of the important factors affecting the accuracy of IR characteristics measurement. Radiation calibration is mainly completed by measuring blackbody. However, a certain type of ship mounted theodolite has a large blackbody area, long heating time, and low temperature uniformity, which leads to significant system calibration errors. This article evaluates and corrects the calibration parameters K and B values of the system by installing a portable blackbody at the bow of the ship. The results were verified by measuring portable blackbody at different temperatures, re
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24

Gao, Changchun, Feng Shi, Guanglang Wei, Qingliang Meng, and Tao Yang. "High-precision thermal control and verification of large-sized calibration blackbody for space remote sensors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2977, no. 1 (2025): 012067. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2977/1/012067.

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Abstract Space infrared cameras perform non-uniformity correction of detectors through on-board calibration in orbit. Using the blackbody component inside the camera as a standard radiation source is a commonly used method. As the accuracy of calibration increases, there are also high requirements for the temperature stability and uniformity of the blackbody inside the camera. This article addresses the problem of thermal control of large-scale internal black bodies and proposes a hybrid temperature control method that relies primarily on radiation and is supplemented by thermal conduction. By
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25

Galgani, Luigi. "Problems Concerning Planck's Blackbody Law." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 111 (1985): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900079225.

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For the calibration of radiation detectors, use is currently made of blackbodies, assuming they satisfy Planck's Law. The first problem considered here is then: how well has this law been checked experimentally? Now, it has been pointed out (Crovini and Galgani 1984) that essentially no new experiments have been made after 1921 (Rubens and Michel 1921), when the data were interpreted as fitting the theoretical law within 1%. But, in fact, this work made use of the value 14300 (in suitable units) of the second radiation constant, while the presently adopted value is 14388. When one inserts this
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26

O'CONNELL, R. F. "BLACKBODY RADIATION: ROSETTA STONE OF HEAT BATH MODELS." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 07, no. 04 (2007): L483—L490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477507004124.

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The radiation field can be regarded as a collection of independent harmonic oscillators and, as such, constitutes a heat bath. Moreover, the known form of its interaction with charged particles provides a "rosetta stone" for deciding on and interpreting the correct interaction for the more general case of a quantum particle in an external potential and coupled to an arbitrary heat bath. In particular, combining QED with the machinery of stochastic physics, enables the usual scope of applications to be widened. We discuss blackbody radiation effects on: the equation of motion of a radiating ele
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27

Sarah, Lia Laela, Judhistira Aria Utama, and Andi Suhandi. "Fostering prospective teacher-students to contextualize blackbody radiation in astrophysics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2866, no. 1 (2024): 012099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2866/1/012099.

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Abstract In astrophysical concepts, a star can be treated as a blackbody. However, teaching blackbody radiation in physics classrooms is not often relevant to astrophysical contexts. Therefore, prospective teacher-students need to have experiences contextualizing blackbody radiation in astrophysics. This study aimed to investigate how the inquiry lesson activities for teaching blackbody radiation in an astrophysics context, including the design of a simple experimental setup and the worksheets. The experimental setup was designed using affordable equipment like a tungsten bulb, a basic meter,
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28

Wang, Jian Hua, Chang Zhi Xiao, Jing Hui Wang, Li Gang Cai, Li Shui Cui, and Tie Jun Wang. "Numerical Simulation of the Flow of Inflatable Cover Based on FLUENT." Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (July 2011): 1397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.1397.

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The inflatable cover was used in the low-temperature blackbody radiation source; the function of the external gas separation had great influences on blackbody radiation source performances. This paper presents a new way for performing numerical simulation for the three-dimensional inner flow field analysis of new inflatable cover and blackbody radiation source cavity by using the FLUENT software of CFD. By comparison, the simulation results and the acetone tracer particle experiments revealed the reason of the outside air into the cavity caused frost and dew, so we proposed a number of methods
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29

Wu, W., Y. Liu, and G. Wen. "Spectral solar irradiance and its entropic effect on Earth's climate." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 2, no. 1 (2011): 45–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-2-45-2011.

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Abstract. The high-resolution measurements of the spectral solar irradiance at the top of the Earth's atmosphere by the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite suggest significant deviation of solar radiation from the commonly assumed blackbody radiation. Here, we use these spectral irradiance measurements to estimate the Earth's incident solar radiation entropy flux, and examine the importance of a proper estimation approach. The Earth's incident solar radiation entropy flux estimated by directly applying the observed spectral solar irradiance into the most accurate Planck ex
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30

Yang, Guang, Chunyu Sui, Tingting Jia, Zhandong Liu, Zongguo Li, and Hongguo Li. "Computational ghost imaging study based on incoherent light from blackbody radiation." Imaging and Radiation Research 5, no. 1 (2001): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/irr.v5i1.1741.

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In recent years, ghost imaging has made important progress in the field of remote sensing imaging. In order to promote the application of solar ghost imaging in this field, this paper studies the computational ghost imaging based on the incoherent light of blackbody radiation. Firstly, according to the intensity probability density function of blackbody radiation, the expression of contrast-to-noise ratio (RCN) describing the quality of computational ghost imaging is obtained, and then the random speckle pattern simulating blackbody radiation is generated by computer with the idea of slice sam
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31

González de Arrieta, I. "Wien’s Displacement Law and Blackbody Radiation Quartiles." Physics Teacher 59, no. 6 (2021): 464–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/10.0006130.

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32

Safronova, M. S., M. G. Kozlov, and C. W. Clark. "Blackbody radiation shifts in optical atomic clocks." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 59, no. 3 (2012): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2012.2213.

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33

Chu, B., H. C. McEvoy, and J. W. Andrews. "The NPL reference sources of blackbody radiation." Measurement Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (1994): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/5/1/003.

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34

Ford, G. W., J. T. Lewis, and R. F. O'Connell. "Quantum Oscillator in a Blackbody Radiation Field." Physical Review Letters 55, no. 21 (1985): 2273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.55.2273.

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35

Büyükkılıç, Fevzi, İsmail Sökmen, and Doǧan Demirhan. "Nonextensive thermostatistical investigation of the blackbody radiation." Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 13, no. 4 (2002): 749–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-0779(01)00047-9.

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36

Cetto, A. M., and L. de la Penã. "Continuous and discrete aspects of blackbody radiation." Foundations of Physics 19, no. 4 (1989): 419–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00731835.

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37

Lin, Ching-Fuh, Cha-Hsin Chao, L. A. Wang, and Wei-Chung Cheng. "Blackbody radiation modified to enhance blue spectrum." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 22, no. 7 (2005): 1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.22.001517.

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38

Tan, P. K., G. H. Yeo, H. S. Poh, A. H. Chan, and C. Kurtsiefer. "MEASURING TEMPORAL PHOTON BUNCHING IN BLACKBODY RADIATION." Astrophysical Journal 789, no. 1 (2014): L10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/789/1/l10.

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39

Beterov, I. I., D. B. Tretyakov, I. I. Ryabtsev, V. M. Entin, A. Ekers, and N. N. Bezuglov. "Ionization of Rydberg atoms by blackbody radiation." New Journal of Physics 11, no. 1 (2009): 013052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/11/1/013052.

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40

Balta, Nuri. "High School Teachers’ Understanding of Blackbody Radiation." International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education 16, no. 1 (2016): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10763-016-9769-z.

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41

Ford, G. W., J. T. Lewis, and R. F. O'Connell. "Quantum tunneling in a blackbody radiation field." Physics Letters A 158, no. 8 (1991): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(91)90675-x.

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42

Каменский, А. А., В. Д. Овсянников та И. Л. Глухов. "Сдвиг и уширение циркулярных состояний атома тепловым излучением". Журнал технической физики 126, № 6 (2019): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2019.06.47760.379-18.

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Analytical expressions for spontaneous and induced by blackbody radiation energy shifts and widths of atomic circular states are derived. The features of asymptotic behavior of the total width and energy shifts for highly excited Rydberg circular states in blackbody radiation field are described. Approximate equations are proposed for simple evaluations of energy characteristics and an absence of temperature-independent spontaneous contribution to the total energy width in a range of high temperatures and principal quantum numbers is demonstrated.
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43

Chapovsky, Pavel L. "Water ortho–para conversion by microwave background radiation in space." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503, no. 2 (2020): 1773–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab407.

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ABSTRACT A theoretical model of water ortho–para conversion induced by blackbody radiation in space is developed. The model is based on two main ingredients: the mixing of water ortho and para states by a hyperfine spin-rotation interaction in the molecule and the interruption of this mixing by surrounding blackbody radiation. The model predicts the lifetime of water spin isomers τ = 2.7 Myr for radiation with a temperature of 100 K and τ = 1.3 Gyr for microwave background radiation. The time dependence of the ortho-to-para ratio (OPR) of water molecules interacting with microwave background r
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44

Bancong, Hartono, Ana Dhiqfaini Sultan, Subaer Subaer, and Muris Muris. "The Development of Physics Teaching Aids to Demonstrate the Intensity of Blackbody Radiation As a Function of Temperature." Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika 7, no. 1 (2019): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/jpf.v7i1.1719.

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The purpose of this study was to develop teaching aids of blackbody radiation experiment and practicum devices based on modified free inquiry which are valid and reliable. This teaching aids was designed to demonstrate the relationship between the intensity of radiation and the absolute temperature of a blackbody (the law of Stefan-Boltzmann). The principle of this experiments is the amount of current will flow from the voltage source and enter to the black box. The black box will absorb and emit radiation. There is a nichrome wire inside the black box that will be light up, heat and emit radi
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45

Mayhew, Kent W. "New Thermodynamics: Temperature, Sun’s Insolation, Thermal, and Blackbody Radiation." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 3 (2020): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.3.1806.

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The various relationships between the temperature’s witnessed here on Earth, the Sun’s isolation, thermal energy and blackbody radiation are all poorly understood. Herein, the interrelations are examined, and a new theory concerning their relationships is presented. This also puts limitations upon temperature being related to a system’s thermal energy density. It also gives new insights into why inferences based upon infrared spectrometry, do not match those associated with heat capacities. Furthermore, new understandings concerning the inelastic nature of both intermolecular and intramolecula
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46

Mayhew, Kent W. "New Thermodynamics: Temperature, Sun’s Insolation, Thermal, and Blackbody Radiation." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 5, no. 3 (2020): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2020.5.3.1806.

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The various relationships between the temperature’s witnessed here on Earth, the Sun’s isolation, thermal energy and blackbody radiation are all poorly understood. Herein, the interrelations are examined, and a new theory concerning their relationships is presented. This also puts limitations upon temperature being related to a system’s thermal energy density. It also gives new insights into why inferences based upon infrared spectrometry, do not match those associated with heat capacities. Furthermore, new understandings concerning the inelastic nature of both intermolecular and intramolecula
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47

Serenelli, Aldo, René D. Rohrmann, and Masataka Fukugita. "Nature of blackbody stars." Astronomy & Astrophysics 623 (March 2019): A177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834032.

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A selection of 17 stars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, previously identified as DC-class white dwarfs (WDs), has been reported to show spectra very close to blackbody radiation in the wavelength range from ultraviolet to infrared. Because of the absence of lines and other details in their spectra, the surface gravity of these objects has previously been poorly constrained, and their effective temperatures have been determined by fits to the continuum spectrum using pure helium atmosphere models. We computed model atmospheres with pure helium and H/He mixtures and used Gaia DR2 parallaxes tha
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48

Khersonskii, V. K., and N. V. Voshchinnikov. "Infrared Dust Emission in Galaxies and Spectral Distortion of Microwave Background." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 139 (1990): 394–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900241065.

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Recent observations (Matsumoto et al., 1988) indicate that at submillimeter wavelengths the spectrum of the cosmic background radiation (CBR) deviates from that of Planckian blackbody with a temperature T0R = 2.76 K. The relative excess of the flux ζ(v) = [F(v) – F0(v)] / F0(v) (where F(v) and F0(v) are the registered flux and the flux of the blackbody radiation at the frequency of the observations) are 0.6 at a frequency v1 = 380 GHz (λ = 709 μm) and 3.4 at a frequency v2 = 624 GHz (λ = 481 μm).
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49

Li Hongguang, 李宏光, 杨鸿儒 Yang Hongru, and 袁良 Yuan Liang. "Terahertz Radiation Characteristics of Blackbody and Test Method." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 50, no. 7 (2013): 071202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop50.071202.

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50

Cheng, Yongjun, and J. Mitroy. "Blackbody radiation shift of the Ga+clock transition." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 46, no. 18 (2013): 185004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/46/18/185004.

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