Relevant bibliographies by topics / Blades Of Steel

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Blades Of Steel'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Blades Of Steel"

1

Kobzar, S. G., I. I. Borisov, and A. A. Khalatov. "EXTENSION OF THE RESOURCE OF THE BURNER SWIRL BLADES OF THE BOILER TPP-312." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 42, no. 3 (June 22, 2020): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.3.2020.7.

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Numerical research of high-temperature corrosion of steel blades of the swirler of a pulverized coal burner of the TPP-312 boiler in real conditions of its operation is carried out. Data on the dynamics of oxidation of the blade surface for two steels and different operating conditions of the burners were obtained. The results of the calculation allow a reasonable assessment of the service life of the blades of the burner device. Corrosion rate calculations were performed based on the results of computer simulation of pulverized coal combustion in the boiler volume with subsequent determination of the temperature field on the blade surface. The corrosion dynamics was determined using the experimental oxidation constants of steel given in the literature. Data were obtained for two types of low-carbon steel, two different modes of burner operation, for the number of blades 8 and 24, and for different distances of burner blades from the embrasure of the boiler furnace, a total of 16 different variants were calculated. Calculations have shown that with increasing the distance of the blades from the embrasure of the furnace, corrosion is significantly reduced. The highest corrosion, which in its absolute value is comparable to the thickness of the blade, occurs for the disconnected burner with blades from Art. 3. The lowest corrosion occurs for the working burner with blades made from steel 20 (reduction of corrosion by 4 times), and for the disconnected burner this dependence is much smaller (reduction of corrosion by 30… 40%). References 6, Figures 5
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Wang, Tao, Baoqin Wen, Za Kan, and Jingbin Li. "Wear Behavior of Different Materials Applied on Horizontal Mixer Blades Used in the Processing of Total Mixed Rations." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 6 (2019): 1743–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13645.

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Abstract. A horizontal mixer can realize the cutting and mixing of coarse and fine feeds and achieve the purpose of scientific feeding. Studying the wear resistance of the mixer blades can improve the service life of a horizontal mixer. The wear performance of blades made of three different materials (manganese steel, tool steel, and spring steel) was studied under laboratory conditions and working conditions. In laboratory conditions, the wear scar morphology and surface elements were analyzed by means of three-dimensional topography, scanning electron microscopy, and energy spectrum analysis. The results show that the friction coefficient, wear quality, and surface roughness of manganese steel blades had the lowest values of 0.49158, 0.0061 mg, and 4.341 µm in three groups of tests. In working conditions, the wear amount and surface roughness of the manganese steel blades in different zones of the mixer were the lowest. In addition, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results showed that the grain size of the manganese steel blades was the smallest. Therefore, compared with the tool steel and spring steel blades, the manganese steel blades showed excellent wear resistance.HighlightsThe wear characteristics of horizontal mixer blades with different materials were studied.The wear characteristics of the blades were studied under laboratory and working conditions.The effect of grain on the wear performance of the blades was studied by electron backscatter diffraction. Keywords: Blade, Grain, Horizontal mixer, Wear resistance, Wear test.
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Verhoeven, J. D., A. H. Pendray, and E. D. Gibson. "Wootz Damascus steel blades." Materials Characterization 37, no. 1 (July 1996): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1044-5803(96)00019-8.

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da Silva, Hieres Vettorazzi, Nuria F. Castro, and Rosana Elisa Coppedê. "Rock Properties versus Blades and Grit Consumption in Granite Multi Blade Sawing Process." Key Engineering Materials 548 (April 2013): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.548.115.

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Among the dimensional stone production processes, block splitting into slabs is very important in terms of time, costs and quality of final products. The world’s leading reference equipment for granite block cutting is the multi blade gang saw, in which sawing is the consequence of the combined action of a set of steel blades settled in an oscillating frame and an abrasive slurry containing water, steel shot and lime or bentonite. As the blades enter the block, stone powder is added to the abrasive slurry and as commercial granites include very different rock types, slurry characteristics also depend on the rock nature. Consequently, parameters of the cutting process have great variability. Depending on those parameters, the steel blades and shot are worn out differently during this process having great influence on costs. Due to its complexity, stone cutting mechanisms are still not well understood but compression, abrasion, impact and stone characteristics seem to influence the most. Aiming to help with the understanding of that process and based on previous studies, this work intends to establish correlations between granite petrographic and technological characteristics and steel blades and shot consumption. Laboratorial studies that include petrographic analysis, physical indexes measurement, and abrasion, impact and compression standardized testing of a selected group of stones are being crossed over with steel blades and steel shot consumption measurements in gang saws from several Brazilian processing companies. Although it is a study in progress, preliminary results show a relationship between the characteristics of selected stones and steel blades and shot consumption within the sawing process. The higher the quartz contents of the rock the higher its abrasion resistance, which results in higher consumption of steel shot during sawing. It can be also pointed out that beyond quartz and k-feldspar contents, microfissures seem to have influence on compression strength of the stones and this strength is directly related to the steel blades consumption. This can allow not only a better understanding of slabs production in multi blade gang saws process, but also to improve that process control.
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Shi, Yameng, Baoqin Wen, Liqiao Li, Tao Wang, Yang Li, Sixue Ren, and Jingbin Li. "Analysis of Wear Characteristics of Blade Materials and Glycyrrhiza uralensis." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 4 (2021): 1259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14442.

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HighlightsThe thermal reaction between Glycyrrhiza uralensis and metal was analyzed via thermogravimetry.The wear characteristics of three common blade metals were studied under laboratory conditions.The wear mechanisms on the blades by different parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis were analyzed.Thermal oxidation and element transfer occurred during the wear of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and metals.Abstract. To investigate the wear of metal blades when kneading and crushing total mixed ration (TMR) forage grass, the chemical composition of licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) was determined using hydrochloric acid hydrolysis, titration, and Kjeldahl nitrogen determination, and the thermal stability of G. uralensis was analyzed with thermogravimetry (TG). Blades made of spring steel (65Mn), mold steel (Cr12MoV), and tool steel (9CrSi) were selected for the wear tests. The wear mechanisms of the cork and wood layers of G. uralensis on blades were explored via reciprocating friction. The elemental content and worn surface morphology of the blades were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), three-dimensional morphology, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray energy spectrum analysis. Results showed that the wear on the blades was mainly abrasive, fatigue, and adhesive wear. Comparison of the wear of the G. uralensis cork and wood layers with that of the three blade types revealed that the coefficient of friction was smallest for the 65Mn blades, at 0.20 and 0.75, respectively, for the cork and wood layers. The combination of pyrolysis of G. uralensis with a change in the atomic content on the wear surfaces of the blades indicated that the wear process of the blades was accompanied by thermal oxidation. Damage to the blades by the G. uralensis wood layer was more serious than damage by the cork layer. The surface roughness and the depth of the wear scars for the G. uralensis wood layer on 65Mn blades were 0.085 µm and 0.427 µm, respectively, which were lower than the wear parameters for the Cr12MoV and 9CrSi blades under the same conditions. Therefore, 65Mn blades have good wear resistance and plastic resistance under the same wear condition. This study provides a reference for blade selection for cutting of TMR forage materials. Keywords: Blade, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Surface roughness, Wear resistance, Weightlessness rate.
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Kobzar, S. G., I. I. Borysov, and A. A. Khalatov. "MODELLING OF CORROSION OF THE BURNER SWIRLING BLADES OF THE BOILER ТPP-312." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.4.2019.08.

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The corrosion rate was calculated for steel blades of a swirler of a dust coal burner of the boiler TPP-312 in real conditions of its operation. The material used is steel 3 and steel 20. At the first stage, computer modelling of the thermogas dynamics of the flow in the burner, the process of coal burning in the boiler furnace, was carried out with the aim of determining the temperature state of the blades. At the second stage, using the experimental constants of the heterogeneous oxidation reaction, the calculations of the increase in the mass of the blade material per unit surface and the decrease in the thickness of the base material were carried out. The data obtained on the dynamics of oxidation of the surface of the blades for different operating modes of the burners. Calculations showed that the oxidation process is affected by the type of material of the blade, the number of blades, as well as the mode of operation of the burner. The obtained results allow a reasonable assessment of the service life of the burner blades. Ref. 5, Fig. 4, Tab. 1.
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7

Gad-el-Hak, Ibrahim. "Fluid–Structure Interaction for Biomimetic Design of an Innovative Lightweight Turboexpander." Biomimetics 4, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics4010027.

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Inspired by bird feather structures that enable the resistance of powerful aerodynamic forces in addition to their lower weight to provide stable flight, a biomimetic composite turbine blade was proposed for a low-temperature organic Rankine cycle (ORC) turboexpander that is capable of producing lower weight expanders than that of stainless steel expanders, in addition to reduce its manufacturing cost, and hence it may contribute in spreading ORC across nonconventional power systems. For that purpose, the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) was numerically investigated for a composite turbine blade with bird-inspired fiber orientations. The aerodynamic forces were evaluated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using the commercial package ANSYS-CFX (version 16.0) and then these aerodynamic forces were transferred to the solid model of the proposed blade. The structural integrity of the bird-mimetic composite blade was investigated by performing finite element analysis (FEA) of composite materials with different fiber orientations using ANSYS Composite PrepPost (ACP). Furthermore, the obtained mechanical performance of the composite turbine blades was compared with that of the stainless steel turbine blades. The obtained results indicated that fiber orientation has a greater effect on the deformation of the rotor blades and the minimum value can be achieved by the same barb angle inspired from the flight feather. In addition to a significant effect in the weight reduction of 80% was obtained by using composite rotor blades instead of stainless steel rotor blades.
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Selokar, Ashish, D. B. Goel, and Ujjwal Prakash. "A Comparative Study of Cavitation Erosive Behaviour of 23/8N Nitronic Steel and 13/4 Martensitic Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 585 (November 2012): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.585.554.

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Abstract: Hydroturbine blades in hydroelectric power plants are subjected to erosion. Currently these blades are made of 13/4 martensitic stainless steel (ASTM grade A743). This steel suffers from several maintenance and welding related problems. Nitronic steels are being considered as an alternative to martensitic stainless steels since they have good weldability. In present work, erosive behaviour of 13/4 Martensitic and Nitrogen alloyed austenitic stainless steel (23/8N steel) has been studied. Cavitation erosion tests were carried out in distilled water at 20 KHz frequency at constant amplitude. Microstructure of eroded surface, mechanical properties and erosion rate were characterized. It was observed that 23/8N steel possesses excellent resistance to erosion in comparison to 13/4 martensitic steels. 23/8N steel showed good hardness coupled with high tensile toughness and work hardening ability, leading to improved erosion resistance.
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Molodtsov, Artjom, Andrei Dedov, Ivan Klevtsov, Lembit Kommel, Toomas Lausmaa, and Valdek Mikli. "Investigation of Steam Turbine Blades Damage and Reliability in a Power Plant." Key Engineering Materials 799 (April 2019): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.799.89.

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This work presents an experimental case study of 200 MW low-pressure steam turbine rotor blades damage after 310 thousand hours of operation and 404 start-ups on the power plant. Damaged blade material was analysed by experimental testing of mechanical properties as well as crack initiation and microstructure in the damaged area by using optical and scanning electron microscopes, and investigation of chemical composition by the SEM-EDS method. Results of the investigation show that the material was die forged martensitic steel 20Cr13. The mechanical properties of the blade steel were in accordance with standard technical requirements for new material. The cross-sections of damaged and undamaged blades were investigated and compared. It was found that thickness of damaged blades was significantly less than undamaged ones. SEM-EDS analysis has shown the presence of brass fragment on the surface of one damaged blade. The microstructural analysis has shown that one of the cracks was initiated due to impact of brass fragment. Based on the given case study results it is concluded that the reason of the blade damage was a combination of at least two factors: accelerated high cycle fatigue due to increased stresses caused by excessive vibration of damaged blades with lower thickness and impact of brass fragment against blades.
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Zawada-Tomkiewicz, Anna, Krzysztof Zieliński, and Łukasz Żurawski. "Analysis of wear mechanisms of circular saw blades." Mechanik 91, no. 10 (October 8, 2018): 892–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.10.155.

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The work is devoted to the machinability problems of selected grades of steel in the conditions of cutting rods with a circular saw. Selected indicators of machinability of steels were tested in industrial conditions. Attempts to cut steel were carried out on a BLM EM 80 CNC machining center. The analysis covered the tool wear during cutting of C35EC, Pb-30, 16MnCrSPb5, S355J2+C. The tool (circular saw) was measured before and after machining of steel.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Blades Of Steel"

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Newby, Mark. "Optimisation of shot peening for 12Cr steel in steam turbine blade applications." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1493.

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Power generation in thermal stations typically relies on large steam turbines. The corrosion resistant steel blades used in the last stage of a typical low pressure rotor set are approximately 1m long and experience high centrifugal loading during service. They operate in a wet steam environment, at approximately 60°C while rotating at 3000rpm, and failure modes include high and low cycle fatigue, stress corrosion cracking or corrosion fatigue. The blades are retained by a fir tree root which is normally shot-peened to generate compressive residual stresses that resist crack initiation. Finite element (FE) modelling has indicated that, in the absence of shot-peening, stresses above yield are induced at the fir tree root during operation. In a shot-peened blade these lead to relaxation of the shot peening residual stresses. To date, no systematic information has been obtained on the level of residual stresses induced in the fir tree by shot-peening and their subsequent relaxation during service loading, nor are there any guidelines as to the magnitude of residual stresses necessary to ensure integrity of the turbine over a life span of at least twenty years. At least one of these blades has suffered catastrophic failure in recent years causing severe damage, in excess of €100M, to the turbine-generator set on a South African power station [1]. This thesis reports results from a comprehensive program of residual stress measurements at the shot-peened fir tree roots of service blades, and in specimens that simulate the root conditions, using diffraction data from laboratory and synchrotron X-ray radiation (SXRD). Shot-peening coverage between 75% and 200% was used and stresses were measured over a depth of 5mm into the blades/specimens. Measurements were made in the as-peened condition and after applying cyclic stresses representative of overspeed proof testing and of service operation. The results were used to calibrate FE modelling of residual stresses and as input into fatigue life prediction.
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Clark, Anita. "Fatigue mechanisms in FV520B, a turbine blade steel." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1999. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/3127/.

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An investigation has been undertaken to examine the effect of microstructure on the mechanical properties of FV520B, a precipitation hardenable martensitic stainless steel. This high performance grade of stainless steel was heat treated to three commercially available material specifications, namely the peak hardened, standard and softened overaged conditions. These three precipitation hardened conditions were found to exhibit a range of tensile properties. In order to determine the role of the microstructure, a full materials characterisation programme was performed. The investigative techniques used to characterize the microstructures, were Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM); Analytical Scanning Electron Microscopy (ASEM); optical microscopy; dilatometry and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The microstructural phases and features identified were measured and quantified wherever possible. The effect of the material microstructure and environment on the fatigue properties of FV520B have been investigated. Fatigue tests were performed under uniaxial loading conditions at a stress ratio R (omin/omax) of -1. The tests were undertaken using highly polished specimens to determine the fatigue strength of the three precipitation hardened conditions. The test conditions employed were air and a corrosive 3.5% sodium chloride environment, at pH2 and ambient temperature. The role of the microstructure and the effectiveness of the tensile strengthening mechanisms on the fatigue and corrosion fatigue strength have been discussed. Using SEM, the fatigue crack nucleation mechanisms prevalent within the three microstructures in air and the chloride environment have also been identified. For the peak hardened material, nonmetallic inclusions dominated the fatigue crack nucleation process in air and chloride environments. For the softened overaged condition, multiple site nucleation due to slip band cracking was the prevalent mechanism especially at higher nominal stress amplitudes. The tolerance of this high strength material to small defects at higher stress levels and the actual size of the critical microstructural defects initiating failure have also been highlighted. The microstructure has been shown to strongly influence the processes of fatigue crack nucleation, Stages I and II crack propagation and the concept of the microstructure acting as barriers and providing resistance to crack growth have been discussed. The effectiveness and the size of these microstructural barriers to crack growth have been considered. This discussion has led to the proposal of a model that facilitates flow stress and fatigue lifetime predictions as a function of the quantity of a key microstructural phase. The key microstructural phase, namely reverted austenite affected both the tensile and fatigue properties of FV520B as a function of the heat treatment. The standard overaged material was found to exhibit the greatest resistance to fatigue crack propagation.
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Arain, Attaullah. "Heat treatment and toughness behavior of tool steels (D2 and H13) for cutting blades." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0003/MQ45596.pdf.

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Zhang, Tao. "The Effects of Ball Burnishing for Aerospace Blade Material 17-4 PH Steel." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1384971374.

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Naicker, Leebashen. "Influence of heat treatment condition on the stress corrosion cracking properties of low pressure turbine blade steel FV520B." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25377.

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Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a corrosion phenomenon which continues to plague the power generating industry especially in low pressure (LP) steam turbine blades operating in the phase transition zone. An investigation has therefore been conducted to examine the effect of heat treatment condition on the microstructure, mechanical properties and SCC properties of one such LP turbine blade material, FV520B, used in the steam turbines of coal-fired power stations in South Africa. The three stage heat treatment cycle of the FV520B turbine blades consists of homogenisation at 1020°C for 30 minutes, solution treatment at 790°C for two hours and precipitation hardening at 545°C for six hours. In this study, the precipitation hardening temperature was varied in the range 430-600°C to investigate how this variation would affect the material and SCC properties. Hardness and tensile testing were performed to obtain mechanical properties while the investigative techniques used to characterise the microstructures were light microscopy, dilatometry, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Stress corrosion susceptibility for the different heat treatment conditions was quantified using U-bend specimens while crack growth rates and threshold stress intensities for SCC (KISCC) were measured using fatigue precracked wedge open loaded (WOL) specimens. Both SCC tests were conducted in a 3.5% NaCl environment maintained at 90°C. XRD results revealed the presence of reverted austenite in the higher tempered specimens due to the precipitation hardening temperature being close to the Ac1 temperature for the material. The presence of reverted austenite was shown to adversely affect mechanical strength and hardness which decreased with increasing precipitation hardening temperature. Light and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) revealed the presence of Cr-rich precipitates along the prior austenite grain boundaries in all tested heat treatment conditions. The propensity, quantity and size of the Cr-rich precipitates increased as the specimen temper temperature increased. SCC susceptibility was shown to be dependent upon yield strength and decreased as precipitation hardening temperature increased with specimens in the overaged condition showing no cracking after more than 5000 hours in the test environment. WOL testing only produced cracking in the three highest strength specimens after 2000 hours. Crack growth rates and threshold stress intensities were found to be dependent on yield strength and decreased with increasing precipitation hardening temperature. Analysis of fracture surfaces revealed crack propagation along prior austenite grain boundaries in all test heat treatment conditions indicating intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) as the dominant cracking mechanism.
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Olsen, Eric Michael. "Friction Stir Welding of High-Strength Automotive Steel." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/951.

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The following thesis is a study on the ability to create acceptable welds in thin-plate, ultra-high-strength steels (UHSS) by way of friction stir welding (FSW). Steels are welded together to create tailor-welded blanks (TWB) for use in the automotive industry. Dual Phase (DP) 590, 780, and 980 steel as well as Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP) 590 steel with thicknesses ranging from 1.2 mm to 1.8 mm were welded using friction stir welding under a variety of processing conditions, including experiments with dissimilar thicknesses. Samples were tested under tensile loads for initial determination if an acceptable weld had been created. Acceptable welds were created in both TRIP 590 and DP 590 at speeds up to 102 centimeters-per-minute. No acceptable welds were created in the DP 780 and DP 980 materials. A series of microhardness measurements were taken across weld samples to gain understanding as to the causes of failure. These data indicate that softening, caused by both excessive heat and insufficient heat can result in weld failure. Not enough heat causes the high concentration of martensite in these materials to temper while too much heat can cause excessive hardening in the weld, through the formation of even more martensite, which tends to promote failure mode during forming operations. Laser welding is one of the leading methods for creating tailor-welded blank. Therefore, laser welded samples of each material were tested and compared to Friction Stir Welded samples. Lower strength and elongation are measured in weld failure while the failure location itself determines the success of a weld. In short, an acceptable weld is one that breaks outside the weld nugget and Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) and where the tensile strength (both yield and ultimate) along with the elongation are comparable to the base material. In unacceptable welds, the sample broke in the weld nugget or HAZ while strength and elongations were well below those of the base material samples.
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Agacik, Ihsan Alp. "An Alternative Process Including Sand Casting, Forging And Heat Treatment Of 30mm Diameter X48crmov8-1 Tool Steel." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614962/index.pdf.

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Shear blades are mostly made of cold-work tool steels and manufactured by rolling process. Rolling process is performed not only for forming the tool but also for improving the mechanical properties. In this study, an alternative method, involving sand casting, hot forging and heat treatment processes to manufacture the shear blades, has been proposed. In the proposed method, plastic deformation will be carried out by means of forging instead of rolling. The material has been selected as X48CrMoV8-1. For both of casting and forging processes, simulations have been conducted by using Computer Aided Engineering Software. According to the results of casting process simulation, the billets have been poured. These billets have been soft annealed first and then taken as the initial raw material for the forging process. After the forging process, quenching and tempering processes have been applied. The specimens have been taken as cast, as forged and as tempered and the microstructural analysis and mechanical tests have been performed on these. The same tests and analysis have been repeated for a commercially available shear blade sample which is manufactured by rolling. All these investigations have shown that the properties of the forged shear blade are very similar to the rolled shear blade. Therefore, the new proposed method has been verified to be used as an alternative manufacturing method for the cold-work tool steel shear blades.
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Kopecký, Lukáš. "Svařovaní ocelí s rozdílnými vlastnostmi pomocí Yb-YAG laseru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230042.

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Diploma theses is focused on welding experiment of maraging steel by use Yb-YAG laser. Experimet is based on testing of combination steel 11321 and maraging steel. Domex420MC, Domex720MC a QSE380. In theoretical part there are described laser technology of welding, weld defect, maraging steel and inspection of welded joints. In experimental part there are porposed test and made mechanical test of weld as transverse tensile test, bend tests, Erichsen cupping test, Vickers hardness test and makroscopic and microscopic examination of welds. In conclusion there are analysis of the experiment results.
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Chlád, Luboš. "Svařovaní ocelí s rozdílnými vlastnostmi pomocí Yb-YAG laseru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230535.

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The master's thesis presents an experiment of welding of high strength steel Docol 1200 M and of steel DC01 by the fiber Yb-YAG laser. The experiment is based on testing welds which were made during the experiments. The lasers, laser technologies of welding, steels of higher strength, tailored blanks technology and testing of welds are described in the theoretical part. The practical part contains description and evaluation of tests of welds – transverse tension test, Vickers hardness test, Erichsen cupping test and macrostructure and microstructure test. The final evaluation results of the experiment are presented in the conclusion of the master's thesis.
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10

Tan, Zhe. "Some Aspects of Improving Initial Filling Conditions and Steel Cleanliness by Flow Pattern Control Using a Swirling Flow in the Uphill Teeming Process." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad processmetallurgi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-117718.

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The flow pattern has widely been recognized to have an impact on the exogenous non-metallic inclusion generation in the gating system and mold flux entrapment in the uphill teeming process. Thus, a well-controlled flow pattern during the teeming process can improve the quality of ingots and further increase the yield during steel production. The current study focused on investigating and optimizing the flow pattern of steel in the gating system and molds to improve steel cleanliness during the initial filling moment. A mathematical model considering a trumpet was initially compared to a reduced model only considering part of the runner channel. Thereafter, the influence of swirl blades implemented at the bottom of the vertical runner on the improvement of initial filling conditions in the molds was investigated in a model considering the entire mold system including a trumpet. The effects of a swirl blade orientation on a swirling flow were further discussed. The simulation results, when utilizing swirl blades, were also verified by plant trials performed at Scana Steel. In addition, a new novel swirling flow generation component, TurboSwirl, was studied in a model considering the entire mold system including a trumpet. The model was based on modifications of the refractory geometry at the elbow of the runners near the mold without the usage of an inserted flow control device in the gating system. Owing to its great potential for improving the flow pattern of steel during the initial filling moment, the effect of TurboSwirl on steel cleanliness was also studied. The results showed that the initial filling conditions during the uphill teeming process can be improved by using a swirl blade or a TurboSwirl in the gating system. This makes it possible to further decrease the initial position of mold powder bags. In addition, it reduces the possibilities of exogenous non-metallic inclusion generation in the gating system as well as mold flux entrapment in the mold during the uphill teeming process. However, the utilization of swirl blades created a considerable amount of droplets when steel entered the molds during the first couple of seconds, which also was verified by the plant trials. The introduction of TurboSwirl showed a greater potential than a swirl blade due to a more evenly distributed swirling flow. The DPM model adopted in the simulations revealed that the TurboSwirl can improve steel cleanliness by increasing the non-metallic inclusion collision rate both with respect to Stokes and turbulent collisions.

QC 20130204

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Books on the topic "Blades Of Steel"

1

Ed Fowler's knife talk. Iola, WI: Krause, 1998.

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Arain, Attaullah. Heat treatment and toughness behavior of tool steels (D2 and H13) for cutting blades. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1999.

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Hope, G. D. Effects of bladed skid roads on soil properties and early tree growth on two steep slopes in the southern interior of British Columbia. Victoria: British Columbia, Ministry of Forests Research Program, 2001.

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Silva, Paula Cristina da. Negros à luz dos fornos: Representações do trabalho e da cor entre metalúrgicos baianos. São Paulo, SP: Dynamis Editorial, 1997.

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Compute's Guide to Nintendo Games. Greensboro, USA: Compute Books, 1989.

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Schwartz, Steven A. The Big Book of Nintendo Games. Greensboro, USA: Compute Books, 1991.

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Sepowski, Stephen J., ed. The Ultimate Hint Book. Old Saybrook, CT: The Ultimate Game Club Ltd., 1991.

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Inc, Game Counselor. Game Counselor's Answer Book for Nintendo Players. Redmond, USA: Microsoft Pr, 1991.

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Mcdermott, Leeanne. GamePro Presents: Sega Genesis Games Secrets: Greatest Tips. Rocklin: Prima Publishing, 1992.

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Tom, Badgett, ed. Official Sega Genesis and Game Gear strategies, 2ND Edition. Toronto: Bantam Books, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Blades Of Steel"

1

Amende, W., A. Coulon, and W. Kachler. "The Laser Assisted Manufacture of Tailored Protective Coatings on Turbine Blades of Steel and Titanium." In Laser in der Technik / Laser in Engineering, 477–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08251-5_103.

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Feuerbach, Ann. "The Roles of Chemistry and Culture in the Origins and Legacy of Crucible Damascus Steel Blades." In ACS Symposium Series, 155–65. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2012-1103.ch009.

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Morales-Ortiz, A., J. C. Arango, and C. C. Palacio. "Evaluation of the Residual Stress Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel in Electric Generator Blades Subjected to Different Hours of Service." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 351–63. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9893-7_25.

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Uunonen, M., P. Kaski, P. Henttu, and P. Kettunen. "Diffusion Barriers for the Superalloy Blades of Gas Turbines." In Steels and Materials for Power Plants, 332–38. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527606181.ch58.

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Dobránszky, János, Attila Magasdi, and János Ginsztler. "Investigation of Notch Sensitivity and Blade Breakage of Bandsaw Blade Steels." In Materials Science, Testing and Informatics II, 79–84. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-957-1.79.

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Molokanov, Aleksej, Martin Rawson, Tim Moreton, and Geoff West. "Effect of Carbide Segregation on Mode I Fatigue Resistance Properties of the Bearing Tool Steel Roll Blade Die." In Bearing Steel Technologies: 12th Volume, Progress in Bearing Steel Metallurgical Testing and Quality Assurance, 455–73. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp162320190140.

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Tianjian, Wang, Pei Yubing, Gao Zhenhuan, Fan Hua, and Yang Gongxian. "Stress Corrosion Behavior of 12Cr Martensite Steel for Steam Turbine LP Blade." In Energy Materials 2014, 327–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48765-6_37.

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Tianjian, Wang, Pei Yubing, Gao Zhenhuan, Fan Hua, and Yang Gongxian. "Stress Corrosion Behavior of 12Cr Martensite Steel for Steam Turbine LP Blade." In Energy Materials 2014, 327–32. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119027973.ch37.

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Kim, G. H., Min Ku Lee, G. M. Kim, Sung Mo Hong, Wheung Whoe Kim, and Chang Kyu Rhee. "Optimization of Movable Flame Hardening Process for the Turbine Blade 12Cr Steel." In Solid State Phenomena, 185–90. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-25-6.185.

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Karuppuswamy, P., C. Bhagyanathan, S. Sathish, and D. Elangovan. "Hardfacing of Ni-Based Alloys on Medium Carbon Steel to Improve Turbine Blade Properties." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 515–23. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9809-8_38.

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Conference papers on the topic "Blades Of Steel"

1

Braccini, S. "The Maraging steel blades of the Virgo Super Attenuator." In Third edoardo amaldi conference on gravitational waves. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1291904.

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Misek, Tomas, Zdenek Kubin, and Karel Duchek. "Static and Dynamic Analysis of 48″ Steel Last Stage Blade for Steam Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59085.

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The 3000 rpm 48 inch blade for steam turbine has been developed with the application of new design features. The last stage moving blade was designed with integral cover, mid-span tie-boss connection, and fir-tree dovetail. Blades are continuously coupled by the blade untwist due to the centrifugal force, so vibration control and increased structural damping are provided. The last stage airfoil was optimized from view of minimization of its centrifugal force which helped to reach higher safety factors. The blade was well tuned in order to have eigen-frequencies safely away from possible excitation. Because of connection members, the number of the resonant vibration modes can be reduced by virtue of the vibration characteristics of the circumferentially continuous blades. In order to develop the 3000 rpm 48 inch blade, the latest analysis methods were applied to predict dynamic behavior of the bladed structure. Coupled rotor-blade analysis was also aim of the attention. To validate calculated results the verification measurement such as rotational vibration tests was carried out in the high-speed test rig. The test rotor was fitted with the actual full scale 48″ blades. Relation of the friction damping of the bladed structure on amount of excitation level was also monitored and evaluated.
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Schuerhoff, Joerg, Andrei Ghicov, and Karsten Sattler. "Advanced Water Droplet Erosion Protection for Modern Low Pressure Steam Turbine Steel Blades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43140.

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Blades for low pressure steam turbines operate in flows of saturated steam containing water droplets. The water droplets can impact rotating last stage blades mainly on the leading edge suction sides with relative velocities up to several hundred meters per second. Especially on large blades the high impact energy of the droplets can lead to a material loss particularly at the inlet edges close to the blade tips. This effect is well known as “water droplet erosion”. The steam turbine manufacturer use several techniques, like welding or brazing of inlays made of erosion resistant materials to reduce the material loss. Selective, local hardening of the blade leading edges is the preferred solution for new apparatus Siemens steam turbines. A high protection effect combined with high process stability can be ensured with this Siemens hardening technique. Furthermore the heat input and therewith the geometrical change potential is relatively low. The process is flexible and can be adapted to different blade sizes and the required size of the hardened zones. Siemens collected many years of positive operational experience with this protection measure. State of the art turbine blades often have to be developed with precipitation hardening steels and/or a shroud design to fulfill the high operational requirements. A controlled hardening of the inlet edges of such steam turbine blades is difficult if not impossible with conventional methods like flame hardening. The Siemens steam turbine factory in Muelheim, Germany installed a fully automated laser treatment facility equipped with two co-operating robots and two 6 kW high power diode laser to enable the in-house hardening of such blades. Several blade designs from power generation and industrial turbines were successfully laser treated within the first year in operation. This paper describes generally the setup of the laser treatment facility and the application for low pressure steam turbine blades made of precipitation hardening steels and blades with shroud design, including the post laser heat treatments.
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Musil, J., V. Dolhof, and E. Dvorácek. "Repair of Water Turbine Blades by Wire Electric Arc Spraying." In ITSC 1996, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1996p0911.

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Abstract Water turbine parts damaged by cavitation erosion (CE) and/or slurry erosion (SE) may cause excessive operational costs for plants worldwide. The damages can be reduced by choosing more resistant materials and right technology in the first-production or at repair and overhaul. Thermal spray technologies have a great potential in the field of repairing works. Thick multilayered coatings deposited by wire electric arc spraying (WAS) has been developed and applied as CE and SE protection at the repair of stationary Francis turbine blades. Repair technology by WAS was performed on large eroded areas (1-3 m3) of preguide blades of Francis turbine: 1) local damaged depths 30-35 mm maximum were repaired by sprayed materials, 2) subsequently wire arc spraying of functional coating was applied. Three types of functional coatings with total thickness 10 mm a) duplex high - Cr stainless steel with NiAl bond coat, b) graded NiAl - Cr stainless steel coatings, and c) multilayered graded NiAl - Cr stainless steel coatings were compared by means of stress measurements and structural analysis. The coating structure influences very strongly the residual stress level and adhesive-cohesive strength. Multilayered graded NiAl - Cr stainless steel coatings showed the best results and were sprayed on water turbine blades in 4 Czech water power station during regular cut-off repair periods. After 30 - 36 months' continuous operation, Francis turbine blades repaired by WAS technology show better behaviour in comparison with original material from the point of wear resistance, reliability, cost-effect and life-time.
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Teuber, Hannes, Jochen Barnikel, Michael Dankert, Walter David, Andrei Ghicov, and Simon Voss. "Development of a New High-Strength Steel for Low Pressure Steam Turbine End-Stage Blades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76395.

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Influenced by the growing share of Renewable Energies, higher flexibility and increased efficiency of fossil power plants as well as improved cost efficiency in production of turbine components are evident market trends. Daily cycling in turbine operations leads to advanced requirements for robust design especially of rotating parts. Low pressure (LP) steam turbine end-stage blades with larger exhaust areas are one lever to increase the efficiency of the turbine by reduction of exhaust losses and also to realize cost-efficient single flow exhaust applications. Consequently, blade steels with improved mechanical properties are required. The results of the development of a new high-strength precipitation-hardening steel for LP end-stage blade application with significantly enhanced material properties are reported. The paper covers the testing strategy applied and information on crucial material parameters like improved low cycle and high cycle fatigue behavior while keeping good stress corrosion cracking resistance and corrosion fatigue properties. Furthermore, first manufacturing experiences and validation results from a full-scale component test rig are presented.
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Pant, Bharat K., Raghu V. Prakash, and M. Kamaraj. "Effect of Laser Peening on Steel and Titanium Alloy for Power Applications." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63589.

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Low pressure steam turbine (LPST) blades are made of martensitic stainless steel and Ti6Al4V alloy for the different ratings of steam turbines due to their high strength and toughness. These blade roots have a fir tree profile and experience severe stress concentrations all along their notched sections during turbine operation. The fatigue life of these blades can be increased by introducing compressive stresses either by shot peening or by laser peening. The present work deals with laser peening of these two materials to understand its effect on their fatigue properties, surface roughness and hardness. It is observed that laser peening has significantly enhanced fatigue life of Ti6Al4V alloy at 550 MPa stress as compared to the shot peened sample. The penetration depth of residual stress due to laser peening in the Ti6Al4V alloy was twice that due to shot peening. However, the fatigue life of steel was found to be similar for both the shot peened as well as laser peened samples. Similar response was observed from testing at lower stresses (400 MPa). Since the depth of penetration of compressive residual stresses for both the laser peened as well as the shot peened samples were similar for steels, it can be concluded that the fatigue life is a strong function of the penetration depth.
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Nikhamkin, Mickhail S., Leonid V. Voronov, and Irina V. Semenova. "Foreign Object Damage and Fatigue Strength Loss in Compressor Blades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-51493.

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Foreign object damage (FOD) is always an all-important problem of gas turbine engines safety, reliability and operating costs. This paper describes experimental and numerical prediction investigations of FOD to compressor blades of gas turbine engine. Experimental modeling of FOD processes was done using a special plant on the base of a pneumatic gun. Real steel blades of a high-pressure compressor were impacted with spherical steel projectiles at the velocity about 200 m/s. Typical in-service damages as well as round dents, tears and bends were reproduced in the experiment. Numerical prediction analyses of the damage process were fulfilled by finite element method (FEM). Material behavior is described with elastic-plastic strain rate dependent model. We find the form and sizes of the calculated damages to be in good agreement with the experimental findings. Furthermore, the experimental and computational procedure for estimation of fatigue strength loss of damaged blades is proposed. It is based on study of stress concentration in damages. Stress concentration factor for different concentrator shapes was calculated using 3-D finite element analyses and refined via a stress concentration sensitivity factor. Stress concentration sensitivity factor was experimentally defined through fatigue tests of real blades with V-shape notches at leading edge. This technique supposes minimum laborious fatigue tests. Experimentally confirmed numerical methodology and model may be used for prediction study of FOD and fatigue strength loss of gas turbine engine blades.
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Brown, Darren, and Jim Glancey. "Stability and Fatigue Analysis of Long-Span Continuous Band Saw Blades." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14402.

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Long span, unsupported, continuous steel band saw blades are commonly used for cutting in a number of industries worldwide. A model of the stresses generated in the blade under several loading scenarios are developed and used to evaluate the potential for fatigue failure with different support pulley and blade designs. Torsional blade stability is modeled and used to determine the critical in-plane cutting force above which the blade will twist. The effects of blade thickness and tension on stability are examined. Results indicate that stability can be improved with increasing thickness and tension at the expense of fatigue life. For spans greater than 1.5m, blade tensions required for stability are not practical, and suggest that a blade guide is necessary to achieve required cutting forces.
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Imbert, Clement, and Krishna Rampersad. "Magnetic Particle Inspection of Turbine Blades in Power Generating Plants." In ASME 1992 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/92-gt-350.

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Modern societies expect and depend on regular, relatively uninterrupted, supply of electric power. Preventive maintenance is therefore vital for power generating plants. Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) is a significant element of the maintenance programme of power plants. Power plants use a wide variety of steam and gas turbines. Turbine failure can occur without warning and with disastrous results. Such failures are invariably caused by cracks. Such defects are readily detected by NDE techniques such as Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI) if they are on or near the surface and accessible. This paper reports on the use of MPI in the examination of martensitic stainless steel turbine blades in power plants in Trinidad and Tobago so as to quantify the testing parameters and determine field strength in relation to defect detectability. Specific recommendations are made regarding the configuration and optimum placement of magnetizing coils for turbine blade inspection insitu and detached.
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Sun, Jia, and Leif Kari. "Coating Methods to Increase Material Damping of Compressor Blades: Measurements and Modeling." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23790.

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Methods are developed to improve damping of compressor blades, where unconstrained and constrained damping techniques are applied to the blades to increase material damping, displaying both measurement and modeling results. Two specimens, titanium and stainless steel, are treated by aluminum oxide and epoxy coating material. Measurements of material damping of simple beam specimens without and with treatments are carried out and results show that both treatments give damping increase, where aluminum treatment is more effective for damping improvement than the corresponding epoxy treatment. The unconstrained damping layer model is used to predict the total material damping of the combined structure as well as the material damping of coating layer. Comparisons with measured results are made. The constrained-layer model is also used to optimize the damping configuration and parametric analyses are performed. Two compressor blades in titanium and stainless steel are tested in air and vacuum conditions to measure material damping and results show that difference between air and vacuum situations exists. One reason is being that the radiation loss factor produced in air condition increases damping comparing with the damping in vacuum condition. The calculation of the radiation loss factor is performed to match the measurement data and results demonstrate that the radiation loss factor is one factor and air friction is another strong factor in this case. Finally, increasing material damping gives a contribution to decrease peak stress values and therefore increase the life time of compressor blades.
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Reports on the topic "Blades Of Steel"

1

Prevey, Paul S., N. Jayaraman, and Ravi Ravindranath. Mitigation of FOD and Corrosion Fatigue Damage in 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Compressor Blades With Surface Treatment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada444576.

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Worker fatally injured by steel blade while cleaning a dough machine. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface02ny096.

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