Journal articles: 'Blades Of Steel'

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Kobzar, S. G., I. I. Borisov, and A. A. Khalatov. "EXTENSION OF THE RESOURCE OF THE BURNER SWIRL BLADES OF THE BOILER TPP-312." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 42, no. 3 (June 22, 2020): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.3.2020.7.

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Numerical research of high-temperature corrosion of steel blades of the swirler of a pulverized coal burner of the TPP-312 boiler in real conditions of its operation is carried out. Data on the dynamics of oxidation of the blade surface for two steels and different operating conditions of the burners were obtained. The results of the calculation allow a reasonable assessment of the service life of the blades of the burner device. Corrosion rate calculations were performed based on the results of computer simulation of pulverized coal combustion in the boiler volume with subsequent determination of the temperature field on the blade surface. The corrosion dynamics was determined using the experimental oxidation constants of steel given in the literature. Data were obtained for two types of low-carbon steel, two different modes of burner operation, for the number of blades 8 and 24, and for different distances of burner blades from the embrasure of the boiler furnace, a total of 16 different variants were calculated. Calculations have shown that with increasing the distance of the blades from the embrasure of the furnace, corrosion is significantly reduced. The highest corrosion, which in its absolute value is comparable to the thickness of the blade, occurs for the disconnected burner with blades from Art. 3. The lowest corrosion occurs for the working burner with blades made from steel 20 (reduction of corrosion by 4 times), and for the disconnected burner this dependence is much smaller (reduction of corrosion by 30… 40%). References 6, Figures 5

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Wang, Tao, Baoqin Wen, Za Kan, and Jingbin Li. "Wear Behavior of Different Materials Applied on Horizontal Mixer Blades Used in the Processing of Total Mixed Rations." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 6 (2019): 1743–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13645.

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Abstract. A horizontal mixer can realize the cutting and mixing of coarse and fine feeds and achieve the purpose of scientific feeding. Studying the wear resistance of the mixer blades can improve the service life of a horizontal mixer. The wear performance of blades made of three different materials (manganese steel, tool steel, and spring steel) was studied under laboratory conditions and working conditions. In laboratory conditions, the wear scar morphology and surface elements were analyzed by means of three-dimensional topography, scanning electron microscopy, and energy spectrum analysis. The results show that the friction coefficient, wear quality, and surface roughness of manganese steel blades had the lowest values of 0.49158, 0.0061 mg, and 4.341 µm in three groups of tests. In working conditions, the wear amount and surface roughness of the manganese steel blades in different zones of the mixer were the lowest. In addition, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results showed that the grain size of the manganese steel blades was the smallest. Therefore, compared with the tool steel and spring steel blades, the manganese steel blades showed excellent wear resistance.HighlightsThe wear characteristics of horizontal mixer blades with different materials were studied.The wear characteristics of the blades were studied under laboratory and working conditions.The effect of grain on the wear performance of the blades was studied by electron backscatter diffraction. Keywords: Blade, Grain, Horizontal mixer, Wear resistance, Wear test.

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Verhoeven, J. D., A. H. Pendray, and E. D. Gibson. "Wootz Damascus steel blades." Materials Characterization 37, no. 1 (July 1996): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1044-5803(96)00019-8.

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da Silva, Hieres Vettorazzi, Nuria F. Castro, and Rosana Elisa Coppedê. "Rock Properties versus Blades and Grit Consumption in Granite Multi Blade Sawing Process." Key Engineering Materials 548 (April 2013): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.548.115.

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Among the dimensional stone production processes, block splitting into slabs is very important in terms of time, costs and quality of final products. The world’s leading reference equipment for granite block cutting is the multi blade gang saw, in which sawing is the consequence of the combined action of a set of steel blades settled in an oscillating frame and an abrasive slurry containing water, steel shot and lime or bentonite. As the blades enter the block, stone powder is added to the abrasive slurry and as commercial granites include very different rock types, slurry characteristics also depend on the rock nature. Consequently, parameters of the cutting process have great variability. Depending on those parameters, the steel blades and shot are worn out differently during this process having great influence on costs. Due to its complexity, stone cutting mechanisms are still not well understood but compression, abrasion, impact and stone characteristics seem to influence the most. Aiming to help with the understanding of that process and based on previous studies, this work intends to establish correlations between granite petrographic and technological characteristics and steel blades and shot consumption. Laboratorial studies that include petrographic analysis, physical indexes measurement, and abrasion, impact and compression standardized testing of a selected group of stones are being crossed over with steel blades and steel shot consumption measurements in gang saws from several Brazilian processing companies. Although it is a study in progress, preliminary results show a relationship between the characteristics of selected stones and steel blades and shot consumption within the sawing process. The higher the quartz contents of the rock the higher its abrasion resistance, which results in higher consumption of steel shot during sawing. It can be also pointed out that beyond quartz and k-feldspar contents, microfissures seem to have influence on compression strength of the stones and this strength is directly related to the steel blades consumption. This can allow not only a better understanding of slabs production in multi blade gang saws process, but also to improve that process control.

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Shi, Yameng, Baoqin Wen, Liqiao Li, Tao Wang, Yang Li, Sixue Ren, and Jingbin Li. "Analysis of Wear Characteristics of Blade Materials and Glycyrrhiza uralensis." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 4 (2021): 1259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14442.

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HighlightsThe thermal reaction between Glycyrrhiza uralensis and metal was analyzed via thermogravimetry.The wear characteristics of three common blade metals were studied under laboratory conditions.The wear mechanisms on the blades by different parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis were analyzed.Thermal oxidation and element transfer occurred during the wear of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and metals.Abstract. To investigate the wear of metal blades when kneading and crushing total mixed ration (TMR) forage grass, the chemical composition of licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) was determined using hydrochloric acid hydrolysis, titration, and Kjeldahl nitrogen determination, and the thermal stability of G. uralensis was analyzed with thermogravimetry (TG). Blades made of spring steel (65Mn), mold steel (Cr12MoV), and tool steel (9CrSi) were selected for the wear tests. The wear mechanisms of the cork and wood layers of G. uralensis on blades were explored via reciprocating friction. The elemental content and worn surface morphology of the blades were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), three-dimensional morphology, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray energy spectrum analysis. Results showed that the wear on the blades was mainly abrasive, fatigue, and adhesive wear. Comparison of the wear of the G. uralensis cork and wood layers with that of the three blade types revealed that the coefficient of friction was smallest for the 65Mn blades, at 0.20 and 0.75, respectively, for the cork and wood layers. The combination of pyrolysis of G. uralensis with a change in the atomic content on the wear surfaces of the blades indicated that the wear process of the blades was accompanied by thermal oxidation. Damage to the blades by the G. uralensis wood layer was more serious than damage by the cork layer. The surface roughness and the depth of the wear scars for the G. uralensis wood layer on 65Mn blades were 0.085 µm and 0.427 µm, respectively, which were lower than the wear parameters for the Cr12MoV and 9CrSi blades under the same conditions. Therefore, 65Mn blades have good wear resistance and plastic resistance under the same wear condition. This study provides a reference for blade selection for cutting of TMR forage materials. Keywords: Blade, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Surface roughness, Wear resistance, Weightlessness rate.

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Kobzar, S. G., I. I. Borysov, and A. A. Khalatov. "MODELLING OF CORROSION OF THE BURNER SWIRLING BLADES OF THE BOILER ТPP-312." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.4.2019.08.

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The corrosion rate was calculated for steel blades of a swirler of a dust coal burner of the boiler TPP-312 in real conditions of its operation. The material used is steel 3 and steel 20. At the first stage, computer modelling of the thermogas dynamics of the flow in the burner, the process of coal burning in the boiler furnace, was carried out with the aim of determining the temperature state of the blades. At the second stage, using the experimental constants of the heterogeneous oxidation reaction, the calculations of the increase in the mass of the blade material per unit surface and the decrease in the thickness of the base material were carried out. The data obtained on the dynamics of oxidation of the surface of the blades for different operating modes of the burners. Calculations showed that the oxidation process is affected by the type of material of the blade, the number of blades, as well as the mode of operation of the burner. The obtained results allow a reasonable assessment of the service life of the burner blades. Ref. 5, Fig. 4, Tab. 1.

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Gad-el-Hak, Ibrahim. "Fluid–Structure Interaction for Biomimetic Design of an Innovative Lightweight Turboexpander." Biomimetics 4, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics4010027.

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Inspired by bird feather structures that enable the resistance of powerful aerodynamic forces in addition to their lower weight to provide stable flight, a biomimetic composite turbine blade was proposed for a low-temperature organic Rankine cycle (ORC) turboexpander that is capable of producing lower weight expanders than that of stainless steel expanders, in addition to reduce its manufacturing cost, and hence it may contribute in spreading ORC across nonconventional power systems. For that purpose, the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) was numerically investigated for a composite turbine blade with bird-inspired fiber orientations. The aerodynamic forces were evaluated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using the commercial package ANSYS-CFX (version 16.0) and then these aerodynamic forces were transferred to the solid model of the proposed blade. The structural integrity of the bird-mimetic composite blade was investigated by performing finite element analysis (FEA) of composite materials with different fiber orientations using ANSYS Composite PrepPost (ACP). Furthermore, the obtained mechanical performance of the composite turbine blades was compared with that of the stainless steel turbine blades. The obtained results indicated that fiber orientation has a greater effect on the deformation of the rotor blades and the minimum value can be achieved by the same barb angle inspired from the flight feather. In addition to a significant effect in the weight reduction of 80% was obtained by using composite rotor blades instead of stainless steel rotor blades.

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Selokar, Ashish, D. B. Goel, and Ujjwal Prakash. "A Comparative Study of Cavitation Erosive Behaviour of 23/8N Nitronic Steel and 13/4 Martensitic Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 585 (November 2012): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.585.554.

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Abstract: Hydroturbine blades in hydroelectric power plants are subjected to erosion. Currently these blades are made of 13/4 martensitic stainless steel (ASTM grade A743). This steel suffers from several maintenance and welding related problems. Nitronic steels are being considered as an alternative to martensitic stainless steels since they have good weldability. In present work, erosive behaviour of 13/4 Martensitic and Nitrogen alloyed austenitic stainless steel (23/8N steel) has been studied. Cavitation erosion tests were carried out in distilled water at 20 KHz frequency at constant amplitude. Microstructure of eroded surface, mechanical properties and erosion rate were characterized. It was observed that 23/8N steel possesses excellent resistance to erosion in comparison to 13/4 martensitic steels. 23/8N steel showed good hardness coupled with high tensile toughness and work hardening ability, leading to improved erosion resistance.

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Molodtsov, Artjom, Andrei Dedov, Ivan Klevtsov, Lembit Kommel, Toomas Lausmaa, and Valdek Mikli. "Investigation of Steam Turbine Blades Damage and Reliability in a Power Plant." Key Engineering Materials 799 (April 2019): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.799.89.

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This work presents an experimental case study of 200 MW low-pressure steam turbine rotor blades damage after 310 thousand hours of operation and 404 start-ups on the power plant. Damaged blade material was analysed by experimental testing of mechanical properties as well as crack initiation and microstructure in the damaged area by using optical and scanning electron microscopes, and investigation of chemical composition by the SEM-EDS method. Results of the investigation show that the material was die forged martensitic steel 20Cr13. The mechanical properties of the blade steel were in accordance with standard technical requirements for new material. The cross-sections of damaged and undamaged blades were investigated and compared. It was found that thickness of damaged blades was significantly less than undamaged ones. SEM-EDS analysis has shown the presence of brass fragment on the surface of one damaged blade. The microstructural analysis has shown that one of the cracks was initiated due to impact of brass fragment. Based on the given case study results it is concluded that the reason of the blade damage was a combination of at least two factors: accelerated high cycle fatigue due to increased stresses caused by excessive vibration of damaged blades with lower thickness and impact of brass fragment against blades.

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Zawada-Tomkiewicz, Anna, Krzysztof Zieliński, and Łukasz Żurawski. "Analysis of wear mechanisms of circular saw blades." Mechanik 91, no. 10 (October 8, 2018): 892–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.10.155.

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The work is devoted to the machinability problems of selected grades of steel in the conditions of cutting rods with a circular saw. Selected indicators of machinability of steels were tested in industrial conditions. Attempts to cut steel were carried out on a BLM EM 80 CNC machining center. The analysis covered the tool wear during cutting of C35EC, Pb-30, 16MnCrSPb5, S355J2+C. The tool (circular saw) was measured before and after machining of steel.

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Getsov, L. B., and I. M. Krasheninnikova. "Steel 08Kh17N6T for compressor blades." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 36, no. 11 (November 1994): 589–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01402789.

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12

Gao, Yuan, Jin Yong Xu, Yan Ping Liu, Zhi Yong He, and Zhong Xu. "A New Low Alloy High Speed Power Hack Saw Blades." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 3939–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.3939.

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Plasma surface alloying for low alloy high speed power hack saw blades was introduced.The bulk material of the blade is made of low alloy steel, while the teeth of which possess a composition of high speed steel like as a result of surface modification by a plasma surface alloying process.It is a solid diffusion process eliminating method avoids the formation of coarse primary carbides which is a major problem encountered in the production of smelting high speed steel. As a result the carbides in the layer of high speed steel are fine and well-distributed.Therefore,it has not only well wear-resistance but also toughness. Besides, the blade also has the advantages of ease manufacturing and low cost.

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VORST, KEITH L., EWEN C. D. TODD, and ELLIOT T. RYSER. "Transfer of Listeria monocytogenes during Slicing of Turkey Breast, Bologna, and Salami with Simulated Kitchen Knives." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 2939–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.12.2939.

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In response to continued concerns regarding Listeria cross-contamination during the slicing of deli meats, a series of specially prepared grade 304 and 316 stainless steel kitchen knife blades was inoculated with a six-strain Listeria monocytogenes cocktail (108, 105, and 103 CFU per blade) composed of two weak, two medium, and two strong biofilm-forming strains. The blades were then attached to an Instron 5565 electromechanical compression analyzer and used to slice whole chubs of delicatessen turkey breast, bologna, and salami to entirety (30 slices) at a cutting speed of 8.3 mm/s. Homogenates of the slices in University of Vermont Medium were surface or pour plated with modified Oxford agar and then enriched. Listeria transfer from knife blades inoculated at 108 CFU per blade was logarithmic, with a 2-log decrease seen after 8 to 12 slices and direct counts obtained thereafter out to 30 slices. However, blades containing 105 and 103 CFU per blade typically yielded direct counts out to only 20 and 5 slices, respectively. Normalizing data on a log scale for the first 10 slices resulted in significantly greater Listeria transfer and “tailing” from grade 304 as opposed to grade 316 stainless (P < 0.05) for all three products. After 1 year of use, surface roughness values as determined by surface profilometry were significantly greater (P < 0.001) for grade 304 than for grade 316 stainless blades. Cutting force and blade sharpness were not significantly different (P > 0.05) within stainless steel grade (P < 0.05) for each product. However, significant differences in cutting force were seen between salami and turkey (P < 0.05) for grades 304 and 316 stainless, respectively. In addition to compositional differences in the deli meats and knife blades, wear and scoring on the blade likely affected Listeria transfer during slicing.

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Verhoeven, John D., Alfred H. Pendray, and Howard F. Clark. "Wear tests of steel knife blades." Wear 265, no. 7-8 (September 2008): 1093–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2008.02.021.

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Verhoeven, J. D., and A. H. Pendray. "Studies of Damascus steel blades: Part 1—Experiments on reconstructed blades." Materials Characterization 30, no. 3 (April 1993): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1044-5803(93)90020-v.

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Mitelea, Ion, Ion Dragoş Uţu, Daniel Ochian, and Mircea Burcă. "Transformation Reactions by TIG Welded Joints of the Alloyed Steels Used for Endless Saw Blades." Advanced Materials Research 1111 (July 2015): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1111.31.

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Butt welding by TIG method using a low alloyed steel wire with solid state transformation point, G3Si1, having 1 mm diameter is a feasible solution for both unique and small series production and for saw blades reshuffling made of dissimilar steels (rapid steel HS 2-10-1-8 for the active part and X32CrMoV4-1 steel for the tool holder).This paper analyses the structural and chemical composition modifications occurred in the heterogeneous welded joints areas by endless saw blades. The phenomena which manage the continuous evolution of the weld chemical composition are highlighted by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

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Yu, Hai Liang, Jin Wu Kang, and Tian You Huang. "Simulation and Control of Distortion of Hydro Turbine Blade Steel Casting in Heat Treatment Process." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 1580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.1580.

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Blades are key part of hydro turbines, which often distorts during heat treatment process for their special structures. In this paper, thermal fluid finite element simulation of the forced air cooling process of a blade casting was carried out under a variety of distances between fans and blades, air speeds, groups of fans and circumstance temperatures. The temperature fields of blade castings were obtained. A novel parameter, temperature difference between surfaces of castings along thickness direction, was proposed to analyze the distortion of blade castings. The distortion behavior of blade castings with martensitic stainless steel were discussed, which is in good agreement with distortion regularity of the experimental ones. The temperature differences between blade casting surfaces are always greater than zero, resulting in distortion which could be divided into three stages. Finally, we focused on discussing the control methods of distortion behavior of blade castings which could be operated in actual production.

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Janoušek, Jaromír, Josef Strejcius, and Stanislav Hřeben. "The Environment Influence on Bladed Steel during Operational Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 827 (February 2016): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.827.185.

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The paper deals with a problem of stress crack initialization on surface of low pressure steam turbine blade during operational regime. The mention stress analysis together with described environment indicate procedure of experimental works. The other goals of research should lead to a concept of assessment methodology of resistance of moving blades against corrosion and technology increasing fatigue strength of blade steels using surface strengthening. A prototype of the moving blade of the low pressure stages of steam turbine with the increased corrosion resistance should be an output of developed efforts.

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Torres, Hector, Markus Varga, Dieter Horwatitsch, Karl Adam, and Manel Rodríguez Ripoll. "The Role of Tool Geometry and Process Parameters during Fly Shearing in Hot Rolling of Steel." Advanced Materials Research 966-967 (June 2014): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.966-967.184.

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Sheet metal shearing takes place immediately after hot rolling of steel. Due to the extreme operating conditions, flying shear blades suffer from severe wear and need frequent repair, significantly increasing the maintenance costs for steel producers. In order to optimise the shearing process and increase the tool lifetime, a finite element model was applied for performing a systematic variation of the blade geometry and process parameters. In the model, friction is taken into account by implementing a hybrid friction equation, which is suitable for the simulation of metal forming processes. Tool geometry and process parameters such as the vertical overlapping between the two shearing blades were varied in the simulation, in order to identify optimum process parameters. The results obtained show in particular that the variation of the vertical overlapping between both blades has a limited influence on the maximum calculated stresses, leading to the assumption that no significant changes in tool wear may be achieved by modifying it. On the other hand, it was found that higher cutting edge radii lead to significantly lower stresses for both flying shear blades, thus suggesting the possibility of decreasing tool wear through increasing values of the cutting edge radius.

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Karolczak, Paweł, and Maciej Kowalski. "Influence of Use of Wiper Blades Upon Surface Roughness in Machining of Austenitic Stainless Steel." Technological Engineering 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/teen-2012-0007.

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Abstract The paper presents evaluation of possibilities of use of Wiper blades for machining of austenitic stainless steel. It presents information relating to geometry of Wiper blades. It also describes in detail testing conditions focusing upon description of the tested material and presenting testing stations. Next, it presents results of experimental tests on turning of 0H18N9 steel with the use of rhomboid and triangular inserts with traditional geometry and Wiper blades. On the basis of the surface roughness tests, efficiency of use of Wiper blades was determined and it was determined, how the positive influence of geometry of Wiper blades upon surface roughness changes with the change of machining parameters.

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Ramazanov, R. M., M. I. Ramazanov, T. A. Sapargaliev, and A. V. Kim. "MATERIALS SCIENCE RESEARCH DEFECT OCCURRENCE AND RUPTURE OF THE GAS PUMPING UNIT AXIAL COMPRESSOR BLADE." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 266 (August 2020): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2020.08.pp.024-028.

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The article discusses the results of the study of the causes of destruction of the axial compressor blade and the causes of the defect of the working blade 10 stage GTU GPA type GTK-10-4 station No. 18 of the compressor station “Dzhangala”. The blade is made of X20Cr13 steel (AISI 420). The blades have an operating time of 23 284 hours after the last repair. Chemical analysis, fractographic analysis, and hardness measurements were performed. The probable cause of defect formation and destruction of the blade is established. The measured hardness values comply with the standard. А study of the chemical composition of metal blades is not revealed a deviation in the content of the main alloying elements. The results of fractographic analysis showed that the destruction caused the presence of a subsurface defect. The defect is an oxidizing shell of about 9×4 mm in size with propagation in operation to the outer surface. In operation, as a result of corrosion, static and dynamic stresses, a crack was formed in the area of the source with exit to the surface along the input edge of the blade. Non-destructive testing was performed on the remaining blades. No defects detected. On the basis of which it was decided to continue the operation of the working blades of the GTK-10-4 turbine, subject to periodic monitoring.

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Ramazanov, R. M., M. I. Ramazanov, T. A. Sapargaliev, and A. V. Kim. "MATERIALS SCIENCE RESEARCH DEFECT OCCURRENCE AND RUPTURE OF THE GAS PUMPING UNIT AXIAL COMPRESSOR BLADE." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 266 (August 2020): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2020.08.pp.024-028.

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The article discusses the results of the study of the causes of destruction of the axial compressor blade and the causes of the defect of the working blade 10 stage GTU GPA type GTK-10-4 station No. 18 of the compressor station “Dzhangala”. The blade is made of X20Cr13 steel (AISI 420). The blades have an operating time of 23 284 hours after the last repair. Chemical analysis, fractographic analysis, and hardness measurements were performed. The probable cause of defect formation and destruction of the blade is established. The measured hardness values comply with the standard. А study of the chemical composition of metal blades is not revealed a deviation in the content of the main alloying elements. The results of fractographic analysis showed that the destruction caused the presence of a subsurface defect. The defect is an oxidizing shell of about 9×4 mm in size with propagation in operation to the outer surface. In operation, as a result of corrosion, static and dynamic stresses, a crack was formed in the area of the source with exit to the surface along the input edge of the blade. Non-destructive testing was performed on the remaining blades. No defects detected. On the basis of which it was decided to continue the operation of the working blades of the GTK-10-4 turbine, subject to periodic monitoring.

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Ibrahim Momoh Bello, Omiogbemi, Itsisor Daniel Omomoh, Oaikhinan Patrick Egwakhide, Obada David Olubiyi, and Chira Chike Vincent. "Development of a Manually Operated Guillotine Cutter." مجلة جامعة فلسطين التقنية خضوري للأبحاث 2, no. 2 (March 9, 2021): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53671/ptukrj.v2i2.30.

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A manually operated foot leverage pedal with adjustable blades guillotine cutter was designed and constructed using locally available materials. This machine was designed to shear variety of materials with various thicknesses and sizes depending on the cutting blade capacity and the shearing angle, which cuts the materials with minimal waste and without the formation of chips and bending of the material. The machine is foot powered. It works by first clamping the material with a ram. A moving blade then comes down across a fixed blade to shear the material. The moving blade was inclined at 0.5°, this angle is called the rake angle, to keep the material from becoming wedged between the blades. Test carried out on mild steel shows that the machine is capable of shearing the metal sheet with maximum thickness of 0.5mm.

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Ibrahim Momoh Bello, Omiogbemi, Itsisor Daniel Omomoh, Oaikhinan Patrick Egwakhide, Obada David Olubiyi, and Chira Chike Vincent. "Development of a Manually Operated Guillotine Cutter." مجلة جامعة فلسطين التقنية للأبحاث 2, no. 2 (March 9, 2021): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53671/pturj.v2i2.30.

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A manually operated foot leverage pedal with adjustable blades guillotine cutter was designed and constructed using locally available materials. This machine was designed to shear variety of materials with various thicknesses and sizes depending on the cutting blade capacity and the shearing angle, which cuts the materials with minimal waste and without the formation of chips and bending of the material. The machine is foot powered. It works by first clamping the material with a ram. A moving blade then comes down across a fixed blade to shear the material. The moving blade was inclined at 0.5°, this angle is called the rake angle, to keep the material from becoming wedged between the blades. Test carried out on mild steel shows that the machine is capable of shearing the metal sheet with maximum thickness of 0.5mm.

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Dudnikov, Anatoly, Igor Dudnikov, Oleksandr Gorbenko, and Anton Kelemesh. "INFLUENCE OF STRENGTHENING OF PARTS ON THE RELIABILITY OF MACHINES." Vibrations in engineering and technology, no. 3(94) (October 26, 2019): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2019-3-3.

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The paper considers the issues of increasing the reliability of agricultural machinery through the use of reinforcing processing of recovered machine parts by plastic deformation, which provides an increase in the quality of their surface layer during recovery. The operational stability of the piston fingers and the upper heads of the connecting rods restored by vibration reinforcement on the engines working in the mechanized agricultural complex was carried out: tractor - agricultural machine - car. Studies have shown that the amount of wear of piston fingers restored by the vibration deformation method is 1.23 times smaller than the traditional method of recovery, which confirms the effectiveness of vibration technology. Technological processes of restoration of discs of diggers of beet harvesters, discs of coulters of grain planers, plow blades with use of vibrating vibrations of the processing tool are developed and put into production. The results of these developments showed an increase of 1.21 times the time of beet harvester harvesting with the diggers' wheels with the vibration-strengthened method; an increase in technical use factor of 1.07 times, compared to new 65G steel wheels. To improve the reliability of the PLN-5-35, PLN-3-35 plows, the technology of restoration of working bodies - blades is developed and introduced into production, which provides for increase of their durability and durability. The coefficient of technical use of the plow units with the blades restored by the developed technology is 1.01 times higher than that of the plow units with the new blades made of 65G steel. The wear rate of the toe, width and thickness of the blade are 1.51 respectively; 1.22 and 1.27 times less than the new 65G steel blades. The results of the study of vibrating reinforcing processing of working bodies of agricultural machinery help to increase their resource, which provides increased reliability of machines.

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Kováč, Ján, Pavol Harvánek, Jozef Krilek, Tomáš Kuvik, and Ján Melicherčík. "Analysis of cutting conditions in the process of cross-cutting wood by circular saws." BioResources 16, no. 1 (December 16, 2020): 1029–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.1029-1041.

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An analysis was conducted of the effects of cutting conditions in the cross-cutting of wood using circular saws. Gradual wear of the saw blade cutting wedges impacted the entire cutting process. Two different types of circular saw blades were used. One blade type featured sintered carbide tips and 54 saw blade teeth, whereas the other had high-speed steel with 56 teeth; both saw-blades were 600 mm in diameter with a rake angle of 20°. The two wood species were spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica). During sawing, the timber was fed at a velocity of vf = 6 and 12 m·min-1. The cutting speed (vc) was set at 60 m·s-1, 70 m·s-1 and 80 m·s-1. The saw blades were coated with three types of PVD coatings. The least energy intensive saw blade was a sintered carbide-free saw blade with a coating (AlTiN) at a displacement speed of 12 m·min-1 and cutting speed of 60 m·s-1 with a power of 1310,63 W. Any change of a saw blade considerably affected torque for all the wood species, so a particular type of saw blade will always have an impact on torque. Other parameters distinctively and individually influenced the process of wood sawing.

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Hu, Ying Ning, Cheng Yong Wang, H. N. Ding, and Z. W. Wang. "Wear Mechanism of Diamond Saw Blades for Dry Cutting Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 304-305 (February 2006): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.304-305.315.

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The wear mechanism of several kinds of diamond circular saw blades was studied in the different sawing parameters during dry cutting of cement concrete, ferroconcrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete. Seven wear forms of diamond grits were obtained in the sawing experiments. The cobalt based bond shown the best wear resistance. It showed that the damage of blade body was caused by thermal damage and the scratching action of concrete chips. The result indicates that the wear of diamond saw blades arises mostly from the difficult chips removing, high cutting temperature and drastic impacting in dry sawing.

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Schastlivtsev, V. M., V. Yu Gerasimov, and D. P. Rodionov. "Structure of three Zlatoust bulats (Damascus-steel blades)." Physics of Metals and Metallography 106, no. 2 (August 2008): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031918x08080103.

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Smirnov, Maksim Olegovich, Tatiana Alexandrovna Chizhik, and Alexandr Maksimovich Zolotov. "Investigation of the Hammer Forging Process of Large-Sized Turbine Blades of Stainless Steel." Key Engineering Materials 822 (September 2019): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.822.150.

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Investigations of the rheological properties and the formation of the structure of stainless steel were performed. A computer model of the process of hammer forging of the turbine blades made of stainless steel 1.3 m long in the package Deform-3D was developed , with the help of which the necessary coefficients and parameters are determined to ensure maximum convergence of the calculated and experimental process data. The obtained data were used to create a mathematical model for stamping a large-sized turbine blade made of stainless steel with a length of 2.1 m. Mathematical modeling of the processes of stamping and distorting of a large-sized blade in the software package Deform-3D has been performed. The influence of process parameters on the stress-strain state (SSS), forming, temperature field in the forging at various stages of stamping. Determined temperature and deformation modes of stamping, the need for additional heating and optimal forgings geometry by stamping.

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Xing, Pu, Xiu Jie Yin, and Jing Yun Zhao. "Rapid Tooling of Mixer Mixing-Blade of Concrete Mixer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 33 (October 2010): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.33.236.

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The mixing blades of concrete mixer, is a relatively complex spatial surface, which is difficult to manufacture. The high cost of traditional mold making does not apply to new product development and experimental studies. So, this paper presents a rapid manufacture method of balde mold, which using the UG software for blade parametric design, and then sub-cutting it to calculate the section coordinates. According to the coordinates, the steel plate had been cut and welded into a mold, through which, the blades can be pressed. Because of its convenient and low-cost, the method is particularly applicable to the occasions of experimental research.

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Savinkin, Vitalii V., Petrica Vizureanu, Andrei Victor Sandu, Tatyana Yu Ratushnaya, Andrey A. Ivanischev, and Andriana Surleva. "Improvement of the Turbine Blade Surface Phase Structure Recovered by Plasma Spraying." Coatings 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10010062.

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This paper presents the results of research on the construction, technological parameters and criteria that control the process of formation of optimal phase structure of austenitic- and martensitic-class material for steam turbine blades. The hypothesis that the established correlation could increase the quality of blade recovery and its resistance against dynamic and vibrational loads was proved. The efficiency of the developed implantation method for the recovery of steam turbine blades was demonstrated. The optimal technological parameters of the process of laser plasma recovery were established empirically, allowing the development of the system for the fine tuning of the phase composition of austenitic- and martensitic-class steel.

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Witoś, Mirosław. "High Sensitive Methods for Health Monitoring of Compressor Blades and Fatigue Detection." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/218460.

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The diagnostic and research aspects of compressor blade fatigue detection have been elaborated in the paper. The real maintenance and overhaul problems and characteristic of different modes of metal blade fatigue (LCF, HCF, and VHCF) have been presented. The polycrystalline defects and impurities influencing the fatigue, along with their related surface finish techniques, are taken into account. The three experimental methods of structural health assessment are considered. The metal magnetic memory (MMM), experimental modal analysis (EMA) and tip timing (TTM) methods provide information on the damage of diagnosed objects, for example, compressor blades. Early damage symptoms, that is, magnetic and modal properties of material strengthening and weakening phases (change of local dislocation density and grain diameter, increase of structural and magnetic anisotropy), have been described. It has been proven that the shape of resonance characteristic gives abilities to determine if fatigue or a blade crack is concerned. The capabilities of the methods for steel and titanium alloy blades have been illustrated in examples from active and passive experiments. In the conclusion, the MMM, EMA, and TTM have been verified, and the potential for reliable diagnosis of the compressor blades using this method has been confirmed.

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Strobl, Susanne, Roland Haubner, and Wolfgang Scheiblechner. "New Steel Combinations Produced by the Damascus Technique." Advanced Engineering Forum 27 (April 2018): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.27.14.

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Multilayered forged steel plates, which combine the properties of diverse steel qualities, are referred to as Damascus steels. Since the 3rd century AD blades and weapons have been produced by the Damascus technique in Europe. In this work four different steel combinations were investigated. Combining Fe with carbon steel C60 resulted in a ferritic-pearlitic microstructure. By forging two heat-treatable steels C40 and C60 martensite with an inhomogeneous carbon distribution was formed. Combining Fe with an austenitic stainless steel showed ferrite and austenite with grain boundary carbides and segregation bands. The last combination of two cold working steels K110 and K600 led to a complex microstructure with martensite, retained austenite and two special types of carbides. After metallographic preparation and using of different etchants the various microstructures were characterized by light optical microscopy and confirmed by Vicker ́s microhardness measurements. Of high interest are the interfaces and the quality of the weld between the individual steel layers. In some regions oxidation and carbon diffusion were observed.

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Chu, Zhi Bing, Qing Xue Huang, Zhi Yuan Zhang, and Dan Li. "Study of Structure and Properties of New Rolling-Cut Shear." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 991–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.991.

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Based on rolling-cut shear simulation, using a kind of single-shaft and double eccentricity rolling-cut shear, which adopts a new structure of asymmetric feature and negative bias, as the calculating model by establishing motion path equation of spatial shear mechanism, comparing with the steel shear forces, link forces and horizontal link force components with or without asymmetric feature, the asymmetric formulation is deduced. Such asymmetric crank structure can decrease horizontal force component between the linkages during rolling-cut process, increase the effective drive force on links while it comes to the maximum shear force, and decrease the extrusion of blade arc on steel edge as well. Theoretical analysis and steel-shearing quality at site indicate that asymmetric and negative bias is an important and efficient way to prolong the lifetime of blade, decrease blade wear, improve shearing quality, and maintain the constant clearance between blades.

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35

Tarelin, Anatolii O., Viktor L. Shvetsov, Volodymyr H. Mykhailenko, Andrii V. Nechaiev, and Oleksandr Ye Khinievich. "Electrochemical and Chemical Mechanisms of the Erosion-Corrosion Process of Wet-Steam Turbine Rotor Blades Destruction Under the Influence of Electrified Moisture." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 24, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pmach2021.01.053.

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This paper is devoted to the electrochemical and chemical aspects of the erosion-corrosion destruction of the surface layer of a wet-steam turbine rotor blade under the influence of an electrified working fluid. It considers a hypothesis about a complex mechanochemical-electrochemical mechanism of chromium and iron wash-out from the surface layer of the rotor blade metal during the destruction of the oxide film under the influence of a high-speed wet steam flow. Various versions of this process are analyzed for positive, negative, quasi-neutral, and neutral electrifications of wet steam. The possibility to hydrogenate the surfaces of rotor blades under the influence of negatively-charged droplets is shown theoretically. The damage to the blades in this case is similar to that from anodic etching. It is also shown that the process of blade surface hydrogenation takes place in any case both for electrically-charged droplets and for neutral ones. However, in the case of neutral droplets, the intensity of the process is insignificant. An experimental study was carried out for the erosion-damaged surface of a last-stage rotor blade from of the BK-50 LMP turbine that had exhausted its lifetime. The quantitative content of chromium was determined in the steel sample cut out from the blade. A decrease in chromium content in the erosion-damaged blade surface layer was found. To test the hypothesis about the similarity between the process of anodic electro-etching and the process of surface destruction under the influence of negatively-charged droplets, an electrochemical experiment was carried out on a model sample of 20X13 chromium steel. The reliefs of the damaged areas on the model sample after anodic etching and on the observable blade in the zone of exposure to negatively-charged droplets are shown to be similar. The experimental studies have confirmed the presence of a complex mechanochemical-electrochemical process of blade destruction. On the basis of the data obtained, recommendations for extending the useful life of turbine blades are formulated.

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Singh, Tejinder Pal, Anil Kumar Singla, Jagtar Singh, Kulwant Singh, Munish Kumar Gupta, Hansong Ji, Qinghua Song, Zhanqiang Liu, and Catalin I. Pruncu. "Abrasive Wear Behavior of Cryogenically Treated Boron Steel (30MnCrB4) Used for Rotavator Blades." Materials 13, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020436.

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Rotavator blades are prone to significant wear because of the abrasive nature of sand particles. The aim of this research work is to investigate the effect of cryogenic treatment and post tempering on abrasive wear behavior, in the presence of angular quartz sand (grain size of 212–425 μm), of rotavator blade material of boron steel (30MnCrB4). Cryogenic treatment has caused an improvement in the abrasive wear resistance and microhardness of 30MnCrB4 by 60% and 260.73%, respectively, compared to untreated material due to enhancement in hardness, the conversion of retained austenite into martensite, and the precipitation of secondary carbides in boron steel after exposure to cryogenic temperature. Economic analysis justifies the additional cost of cryogenic treatment.

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Lupinca, Cinca Ionel, Constantin Marta, Cristian Fanica, and Ana Maria Budai. "The Study of Nonmetallic Inclusions Formation for Kaplan Blades during the Solidification Process." Materials Science Forum 891 (March 2017): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.891.113.

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The exploitation durability of Kaplan hydraulic turbines blades is first of all determined by their structure, by the steel elaboration technology, respectively by the content of non-metallic inclusions and later by the physical-chemical parameters of the exploitation environment.This paper presents a study regarding the situations in which the elaboration-casting technology of Kaplan blades using alloyed austenitic stainless steel, X5CrNiMo17-13-3 which has an important role in the quality of castings. Thus, the authors verify the formation of sulfides and of oxi-sufides during the steel elaboration process, treatment during a liquid state and their influence in the castings behavior to wearing. It is a well known fact that the presence of sulfides and oxi-sufides in the cast blades structure accelerates the corrosion process in contact with river waters.

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38

Kimura, Tomonori, Takekazu Sawa, and Tatsuyuki Kamijyo. "Study on High-Speed Milling of Steam Turbine Blade Materials - Differences in Cutting Characteristics of an Unforged Ingot and a Forged Part of Stainless Steel." Key Engineering Materials 749 (August 2017): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.749.3.

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Stainless steel is an excellent material that has properties such as heat and corrosion resistance. Thus, stainless steel is used as a material in steam turbine blades. Steam turbine blades are mainly manufactured using two methods. One is the cutting of unforged metal ingots. Another is the cutting of forged parts. Small blades are made by cutting metal ingots. Large blades are made by cutting forged parts. The mechanical characteristics of a metal ingot and a forged part, such as hardness and toughness, are almost the same. There were not researches related to a relationship between “an unforged ingot and a forged part of stainless steel” and “the differences of the tool wear and the finished surface by high-speed milling”.In this study, the high-speed milling of stainless steel was attempted for high-efficiency cutting of a steam turbine blade. The differences of the tool wear and the finished surface in the cuttings of an unforged ingot and a forged part were investigated. In the experiment, the cutting tool was a TiAlN coating radius solid end mill made of cemented carbide. The diameter of the end mill was 5 mm, and the corner radius was 0.2 mm. The cutting speed were 100 m/min-600 m/min. The workpieces used were a metal ingot and a forged part of stainless steel. In the results, it was found that the differences of the tool wear and the finished surface in the cuttings of an unforged ingot and a forged part. In the case of the unforged ingot, the flank wear became large with increasing cutting speed. On the other hand, in the case of forged part, the flank wear rapidly increased at a cutting speed of 100 m/min. In addition, the flank wear became smaller than the cutting speed 100 m/min at the cutting speed 200 m/min. Further, the flank wear became large with increasing cutting speed at cutting speeds higher than 200 m/min. That is, the flank wear was at a minimum at a cutting speed of 200 m/min. Although it could not be confirmed the characteristic of high speed milling at an unforged ingot, it has been identified at a forged part.

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Tugui, Catalin Andrei, Petrică Vizureanu, Carmen Nejneru, Manuela Cristina Perju, and Mihai Axinte. "Quality Surface Modification for Refractory Stainless Steel by Tungsten Deposition, Using Electro-Spark Deposition Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.417.

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In this paper were analyzed Tungsten electrode depositions using electro-spark deposition method, on stainless steel, used for hydraulic turbine vanes and blades of mixing blades for chemical industry, in order to achieve an improved wear resistance. This deposition method was chosen due to its relatively low cost, easy to achieve, and leads to obtaining thin layers with good adherence to the substrate, and with different thicknesses, depending on the number of deposited layers. The chosen electrode is an alpha character element and generates an increase of the mechanical properties at low and high temperatures for austenitic stainless steels. Tungsten does not modify the corrosion resistance for the stainless steels. The samples were analyzed on scanning electrons microscope (SEM) and also the chemical analysis (EDX) for distinguish the layer-support structure and the elements repartition on the surface and in line.

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Predescu, Cristian, Andrei Constantin Berbecaru, George Coman, Mirela Gabriela Sohaciu, Andra Mihaela Predescu, Ecaterina Matei, Ruxandra Elena Dumitrescu, Sorin Ciuca, and Ioana Arina Gherghescu. "Corrosion Resistance Evaluation of Some Stainless Steels Used in Manufacture of Hydraulic Turbine Runner Blades." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 7 (August 15, 2019): 2491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.7.7367.

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The paper presents corrosion resistance testing results of three stainless steels that may be used in hydropower turbine blades manufacture. Two of these have a chemical composition close to that of some other stainless steels previously employed in producing these parts, being updated steel grades of the former ones. The third one is of a new conception, having a chemical composition close to that of a maraging steel. The three materials were produced in an induction furnace with cold copper crucible under vacuum and argon atmosphere in order to obtain improved mechanical and corrosion resistance characteristics as well as an inclusion � free structure. Quenching and tempering heat treatments were subsequently applied. Tests were carried out at room temperature in normally aerated 1N Na2SO4 and 3% NaCl solutions. Corrosion rates were calculated using the Tafel slope method. All steels have a passivation tendency in a chlorine-free aqueous medium. The newly conceived steel has a more pronounced anodic field as a result of a chromium content below 12%. However, the general corrosion behavior of this material is rebalanced by the content of about 10% Ni which leads to a mainly martensitic structure in quenched state. The corrosion rate values obtained for all samples enframe the three materials in highly and very highly corrosion resistant steels. Nevertheless it must be specified that in chlorine environments the overall corrosion rate is not a sensitive indicator of corrosion resistance performance due to the local depassivation process followed by corrosion pits.

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41

Yan, Pei, Yiming Rong, Xibin Wang, Junyi Zhu, Li Jiao, and Zhiqiang Liang. "Effect of cutting fluid on precision machined surface integrity of heat-resistant stainless steel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 232, no. 9 (October 24, 2016): 1535–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405416673684.

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The machined surface integrity of blades is of utmost importance in the power equipment manufacturing industry. Recently, many blade accidents have been attributable to the misuse of cutting fluids that were necessary in the actual machining of difficult-to-cut materials, but the effect of the cutting fluid on surface integrity and service performance has been persistently neglected. In this article, an investigation into the effect of cutting fluids on the surface quality of a typical blade material was undertaken, combined with properties of two universal cutting fluids. Element composition, surface morphology, residual stress and hardness of the machined surfaces were investigated. The results indicated that cutting fluids could not reduce cutting forces in precision machining. There were some places where local and irregular elemental Cr loss was incurred when machined with the additive Cl, and the depth of Cr loss was 1–2 µm. The machined surface under CF-206 was smooth, and the roughness of CF-210 was the highest. The tensile residual stresses of dry cutting were the highest, whereas those of CF-210 were the lowest. Surface work hardening under cutting fluids was higher, with depths of 20–30 µm. These results are significant for the control of precision machined surfaces and subsurfaces of blades with high integrity and service performance.

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Coman, George, Mircea Cristian Pantilimon, Mirela Gabriela Sohaciu, Sorin Ciuca, Marius Gabriel Anton, Cristian Predescu, Ruxandra Elena Dumitrescu, Andrei Constantin Berbecaru, and Ioana Arina Gherghescu. "Cavitation Erosion Resistance Tests Performed on Some Stainless Steels for Turbine Runner Blades." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 5 (June 15, 2019): 1655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.5.7187.

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The paper presents cavitation erosion testing results of three stainless steels that may be used in making hydropower turbine parts. Two of these steels have a chemical composition close to that of some other stainless steels previously employed in producing these parts. They are updated steel grades of the former ones. The third one is newly conceived. Aiming better mechanical and corrosion resistance characteristics as well as an inclusion - free structural state, steels were produced in an induction furnace with cold copper crucible under vacuum and argon atmosphere. Quenching and tempering heat treatments were subsequently applied.

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43

Bodea, Marius, Niculina Sechel, and Florin Popa. "Investigation on the Flash Butt Welding of 51CrV4 Steels for Saw Blades." Advanced Materials Research 1111 (July 2015): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1111.79.

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The band saw steel must present a good balance between strength, toughness and materials elasticity in the weld joint, respectively in the HAZ. Those areas are affected by the heat welding cycle that is changing the material microstructure and consequently the overall mechanical properties of the saw blade. Minor changes in the chemical compositions of the saw blade material, in welding parameters or in the post-welding treatment can cause semnificative changes in the saw blade durability and performance. A SMEs from Cluj-Napoca had encountered a problem after the welding operation of the 51CrV4 QT steels, bought from two different European manufacturers. It was observed a different welding behavior for the same steel bought from one of the steel manufacturer compared to the other one. The SMEs requested a study in order to find out what went wrong during welding operation, because the bending test has shown an insufficient toughness in the welded joint. As result, we have conducted a research in the quest of the causes for the embrittlement phenomena observed in the welded joint. Chemical analysis, mechanical testing, SEM and EDX and XRD analysis have been used to investigate the material properties in the parent material, weld and HAZ.

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Mastrogiannakis, Iakovos, and George-Christopher Vosniakos. "EXPLORING STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF THE FRANCIS HYDRO-TURBINE BLADES USING COMPOSITE MATERIALS." Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 043. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume190609001m.

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Composite materials are increasingly exploited in industry especially replacing metallic structures due to their strength/weight ratio. Amongst the notable applications, for which composite materials have not challenged metals yet are hydro-turbines, which are overwhelmingly made of steel or copper alloys. Replacing blade material by laminate composites can reduce weight and inertia, as well as achieve smaller cross-sectional thicknesses, better fatigue strength, damping, and resistance to cavitation. Manufacturing techniques are mature enough to respond to the challenge, provided that the laminate composite blades are properly designed. In the current work, the design of the Francis carbon blades was studied by employing finite element analysis. The blades were designed sub-optimally with various stratification patterns and different failure and maximum displacement limitations following a systematic methodology for gradual addition of laminate layers or patches. The methodology is still of a trial and error nature driven by the designer but guesses in the individual steps are much more informed due to model analysis and optimization tools available.

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45

Hannun, Rafid M., Hazim I. Radhi, and Noura A. Essi. "The types of mechanical and thermal stresses on the first stage rotor blade of a turbine." Innovaciencia Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales 7, no. 1 (October 25, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/2346075x.513.

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Introduction: In this paper, the simulation of first stage of low pressure turbine for Nasiriya Power Plant was done to study the aerodynamic characteristic of steam along stage at load 70 MW, also the two types of mechanical stresses on the first stage rotor blade were studied in this paper. Materials and Methods:The material of blade was X20Cr13 stainless steel grade 1.4021. The first type of mechanical stresses which due to the steam pressure on the blade was analyzed. The seconds types of mechanical stresses that the centrifugal stresses on the blade. The AutoCAD software code was used for modeling the turbine stage, the dimensions and operational conditions were obtained practically from Nasiriya power plant and ANSYS (15.0) software was used to make simulate the turbine. Results and Discussion: The results showed that maximum steam velocity occurred at trailing edge of stationary blades and leading edge of rotating blades, also the maximum stresses occurred at the leading edge and trailing edge of root blade, the stresses due to the effect of centrifugal force is larger than the stresses due the pressure force. Conclusions: The maximum deformation occurred at tip of blade and minimum deformation depicted at root of blade.

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Li, Chen, Yong Yang, Lijun Yang, and Zhen Shi. "Biomimetic Anti-Adhesive Surface Microstructures on Electrosurgical Blade Fabricated by Long-Pulse Laser Inspired by Pangolin Scales." Micromachines 10, no. 12 (November 26, 2019): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10120816.

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The electrosurgical blade is the most common invasive surgical instrument in a cutting and hemostasis process; however, the blade easily leads to the adhesion of overheated soft tissues on the blades and induces a potential danger for the patients. To minimize the adhesive tissues, we proposed the one-step surface texturing method to fabricate anti-adhesive biomimetic scales on stainless steel 316L rapidly based on the self-organized surface microstructures induced by the long-pulse fiber laser, which was inspired by the excellent performances of anti-adhesion and anti-friction in the pangolin scales. The optimal formation parameters, chemical components, and crystal structures of the laser-induced self-organized surface microstructures were investigated in the experiments. Moreover, the underlying formation mechanism was revealed. The electrosurgical blades with biomimetic scales have hydrophobicity and a smaller frictional coefficient, which effectively reduced the adhesion of soft tissue.

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47

Abbasi, Erfan, Quanshun Luo, and Dave Owens. "Case study: Wear mechanisms of NiCrVMo-steel and CrB-steel scrap shear blades." Wear 398-399 (March 2018): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2017.11.014.

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Hlushkovа, D. B., and О. D. Hrinchenko. "Corrosion of steam turbine blades made of steel 15Х11МФ." Physical Metallurgy and Heat Treatment of Metals, no. 4 (December 13, 2020): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.pmhtm.2413.241120.45.690.

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49

Rostek, Tim, and Werner Homberg. "Locally Graded Steel Materials for Self-Sharpening Cutting Blades." Procedia Engineering 207 (2017): 2185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.10.979.

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50

Braccini, S., C. Casciano, F. Cordero, F. Corvace, M. De Sanctis, R. Franco, F. Frasconi, et al. "The maraging-steel blades of the Virgo super attenuator." Measurement Science and Technology 11, no. 5 (March 24, 2000): 467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/11/5/304.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Blades Of Steel'

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