Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Blank Books'

The contextualisation is related to, and wants to complete my Master’s essay Black Book which consists of scripts for performances. All the scripts have been performed live. A DVD with selected performances from 2009–2012 is also part of the essay. The contextualisation describes what I do in my work and relates it to fellow performance artists and inspirations such as Tamy Ben–Tor and Pierrick Sorin while Black Book is the text I use when I perform.

DVD och textkort finns tillgängliga på Kungl Konsthögskolans bibliotek.

Examensarbetet består av en skriftlig del och en gestaltande del. Alternativ titel anger namnet förden gestaltande delen. 

The master work includes a written essay and a forming part. The alternative title is the name of the forming part.

My dissertation is a qualitative study using content analysis to explore the roles of grandparents in multicultural picture books. I developed 14 Cultural Markers to analyze my first research question concerning how grandparents from a variety of cultures fulfilled their roles as Family and Cultural Historians, Cultural Role Models, and Experts on Traditions. I identified one Cultural-Sharing Symbol per book to answer my research question regarding how Cultural Markers and Cultural-Sharing Symbols related to these grandparent roles. My third research question explored how Cultural-Sharing Symbols related to character growth in the grandparent/protagonists. My fourth research question considered how gender differences might have influenced grandparents from a variety of cultures as they fulfilled the studied roles. I developed seven Gender Continuum Markers to investigate possible differences in how the eight studied grandmothers fulfilled the three grandparent roles, compared to the eight studied grandfathers. My fifth research question considered how Gender Continuum Markers might relate to possible gender differences in the grandparent/grandchild relationship. To answer the five questions I selected 16 picture books featuring a grandfather and grandmother from the following cultures: African American, Mainstream, East Asian American, Asian American, European American, Latino, Jewish American and Native American. To organize and analyze my findings, I developed a technique related to intertextuality called cumulative story analysis. I found that both European American grandparents, both Native American grandparents, and the Jewish American grandfather fulfilled all three roles almost equally, using most possible Cultural Markers. Both Mainstream grandparents were portrayed with significantly fewer tradition Cultural Markers than the other grandparents. All grandchildren/protagonists grew by the books' ends. Continuity was the most prevalent, powerful Cultural Marker. Most grandparents were portrayed with Gender Continuum Markers that might be considered closer to the traditionally feminine side of the continuum for non-verbal interactions. There was even less verbal variation between genders; talk was usually portrayed with blended Gender Continuum Markers. There were definitely more gender similarities than differences when the books were compared both across cultures and within cultures. The bond of grandparent love existed beyond gender limitations.

Crowing Hens Bindery is an independent business that I have founded to combine my passion for bookbinding, printmaking, and production. The purpose of this study is to provide an opportunity for me begin to make the transition from being a student in a graduate level book arts program to a self-employed bookbinder in a production and market driven environment. To gain a better understanding of production binding techniques I implemented a small production run. I designed three blank book prototypes that focus on the needs of the user, and I developed marketing descriptions to help put these products within a market context. To diversify my product line, I have created a variety of decorative papers including paste papers and linocut letterpress printed papers. These will serve as my proprietary covering material and offer alternative avenues to supplement my income. I have photographed the various stages of bookbinding and printing to illustrate the process of product development. This study has allowed me to begin to assume the various roles and responsibilities that a self-employed bookbinder must assume in order to cultivate a successful business.

African American Studies
M.A.
Children of African descent gather information about the world from various sources such as school, television, toys, and books. This research focuses specifically on books as an educational tool. The dominant focus of this work is to evaluate the ideas communicated to black children in books. Additionally, this is an Afrocentric work that is invested in black children's books that teach black children to resist white supremacy by achieving academic excellence, valuing their African culture, and having high self-esteem. Ultimately, these acts will lead children of African descent to reach their full potential. However, this cannot be done if the books read to and by black children have negative or minimal depictions of black people. To this point, this work demonstrates the efficacy of constructive representations of black people in children's books. It also examines how the authors' and illustrators' views about blackness are conveyed throughout the books. The ramifications of negative or positive ideas about black people illustrated in children's books are powerful and must be analyzed critically. This thesis explains why and how reading for black children should be utilized as a resource for development.
Temple University--Theses

The purpose of this essay was to do a research about if the language in Swedish role-playing books is used correctly and if the composition along with the possible language errors makes the books hard to understand.

This research was also about to find out why these problems occurs and if the authors are aware of them.

I choose books from two Swedish role-playing games, Eon and Drakar och Demoner. I read them trough, noted the mistakes made and put them together in a scoring table. I also did a LIX-test on the books and interviewed one of the authors.

The results shows that the books to Eon is harder to read than the books to Drakar och Demoner and this agrees with the vision the authors of the books claims to have.

The results also shows that it is not only the language mistakes and the composition that makes the books hard to read, but also the choice of difficult words and badly formulated rules.

Unlawful assembly accounts extracted from the Fredericksburg Mayor’s Court Order Books from 1821-1834, reveal rare glimpses of unsupervised, alleged illegal interactions between free and enslaved individuals, many of whom do not appear in other records. Authorities enforced laws banning free blacks and persons of mixed race from interacting with enslaved persons and whites at unlawful assemblies to keep peace in the town, to prevent sexual relationships between white women and free and enslaved black men, and to prevent alliance building between individuals. The complex connections necessary to arrange unlawful assemblies threatened the town’s safety with insurrection if these individuals developed radical ideas opposing the existing social order, the foundation of which was slavery. Akin to residents of areas where natural disasters like volcanoes always pose a risk of dangerous eruptions, those living in Fredericksburg lived their lives within the town slave society and its potential threats. In an area, state, and region where insurrections occurred, unlawful assembly, whether frequent or infrequent, mattered.

In this paper, we will see how humor, especially black humor, influences some segments of our society; we will be reading about the history of humor and discussing its three main theories: the Superiority Theory, the Relief Theory and the Incongruity Theory. These theories shaped the way in which we now see and perceive humor, e.g. as something that we enjoy, because it makes us both relax (Relief Theory), and laugh, because in 99% of the cases the joke starts in a way and then takes an unexpected turn that results in us laughing (Incongruity Theory). We also talk about what black humor is, if it is still inappropriate to use in a public setting and if people find it unsettling to hear jokes that contain black humor in them. We then discuss another aspect of black humor, that is: humor on religion. We are all aware that joking and religion are two words that do not often mix, and because of that, it was particularly interesting to see that even though we may think that those words do not often mix, they have been for the longest of time. We have examples in the Greek gods and in mythology; we have creatures that are called tricksters that take pleasures in laughing and playing jokes at each other. To further explore this topic, in the third section you will find an interview made to some Mormon friends about the Broadway musical The Book of Mormon. This musical is based on Mormon teachings and use these teachings to make fun of the Church itself. The questions that I asked mainly focus on the aspect of “being offended”, as it is fascinating to see how a close community like the Mormon one, can react to a musical that has the sole purpose of making people laugh by making light of their beliefs.

Le secteur du livre et de l’édition en Afrique noire francophone s’inspire beaucoup du modèle éditorial occidental, notamment celui de la France. Le livre en Occident s’est progressivement mis en place pour avoir la forme et la notoriété qui est la sienne de nos jours, il en est de même pour l’édition et le métier d’éditeur. En Afrique noire francophone, ce secteur passe par le même cheminement qui est l’évolution progressive, cependant celle-ci ne concerne plus la création des éléments qui composent le livre et l’édition, mais plutôt la pratique elle-même qui peine à éclore véritablement malgré les apports de différentes institutions internationales et les dispositions locales. En effet, dans cette étude, nous avons relevé des problèmes communs à l’ensemble des pays de l’Afrique noire francophone, ainsi que les difficultés propres à chaque pays. Le Gabon est le pays sur lequel nous nous sommes principalement appuyée. Les différentes recherches nous ont permis de relever les difficultés majeures qui minent le secteur du livre et de l’édition en Afrique noire francophone, mais surtout de faire un état des lieux de la situation générale de ce secteur.De prime à bord, le secteur du livre et de l’édition relèvent du domaine de l’histoire, de la sociologie. À travers la sémiotique des cultures de Youri Lotman, nous avons relevé des éléments du livre et de l’édition qui intègrent aussi bien celui de la culture. Le secteur à l’étude peut ainsi se prêter à une étude plus exhaustive
The book and publishing sector in French-speaking Black Africa is very much inspired by the Western editorial model, particularly that of France. The book in the West has gradually been put in place to have the form and notoriety that is his today, it is the same for publishing and the profession of publisher. In black Francophone Africa, this sector goes through the same path which is the progressive evolution, however it no longer concerns the creation of the elements that make up the book and the edition, but rather the practice itself which is struggling to hatch. Truly despite the contributions of various international institutions and local arrangements. Indeed, in this study, we found problems common to all the countries of French-speaking Black Africa, as well as the difficulties specific to each country. Gabon is the country on which we mainly rely. The various researches allowed us to take up the major difficulties that undermine the book and publishing sector in French-speaking Black Africa, but especially to make an inventory of the general situation of this sector.First and foremost, the book and publishing sector comes under the domain of history and sociology. Through the semiotics of Yuri Lotman's cultures, we have found elements of the book and the edition that integrate culture as well. The sector under study can thus lend itself to a more comprehensive study

Despite the pervasive presence of linguistic impoliteness in many of Britain's most celebrated situation comedies, there has been little research on the relationship between impoliteness and humour in the sitcom. Likewise, while research has identified entertainment as an outcome of impoliteness, there has been little emphasis on humour. The present research explores the relationship between linguistic impoliteness and humour in 54 episodes of the BAFTA-winning British-Irish sitcoms Father Ted, Black Books and The IT Crowd (Channel4). In order to address earlier stylistic studies' over-reliance on researcher intuition in identifying humour, the study uses audience laughter as confirmation of successful humour uptake. Applying a triangulated impoliteness analysis using the frameworks of Spencer-Oatey (2000), Culpeper (2011) and Leech (2014), the study finds that impoliteness is prevalent in the sitcoms studied, with 151 impolite utterances per hour and an average of 2.5 impolite utterances per minute. Exploring the distribution of impoliteness strategies, the results show a clear preference for impoliteness that attacks freedom and personal qualities. Results also showed that character-led differences in impoliteness contribute to characterisation. Most importantly, the thesis finds a statistically significant relationship between utterances containing impoliteness and audience laughter responses, pointing to a relationship between impoliteness and humour.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Curriculum Studies, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Oct. 5, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-02, Section: A, page: 0523. Adviser: Cary Buzzelli.

The purpose of this study is to depict and examine the perception of black Koreans in South Korean children’s literature. This study examines my research questions through four theoretical frameworks: “culture and identity”, “post-colonialism, nationalism and racism”, “blackness and black Koreans’ portrayal in Korean media” and “multiculturalism in Korea”. My study raises the question how multicultural literature can help or not promote a new perception of otherness in South Korea. The method used for this study is qualitative text analysis. The primary source of information is a close-reading of Won You Soon’s book “Please find Charlton Sunja Kim” and interviews with the author of this book. The findings show that there are still some stereotypes about black Koreans and blackness that prevail in South Korean society and can still be found in recent literary works.

Intelectuais negros e mulatos1 fossem jornalistas, escritores, advogados ou engenheiros (no caso dos irmãos Rebouças) existiram em um período em que o negro, supostamente, não deveria contar com possibilidades de inserção socioeconômica em setores acima da escravidão ou de um negro livre prestador de serviços básicos. Entretanto, características próprias do período relacionadas à intensa presença do negro e do mulato na sociedade e em suas atividades cotidianas, sua lógica simbólica e de sociabilidade propiciaram a inserção destes em ambientes e estratégias de sobrevivência, superação de obstáculos, muitos próprios de sua ascendência, e a ascensão social. Não obstante, esta presença intensa coincide, inclusive, com outra, a produção gráfica, que, por sua vez, está relacionada à valorização da escrita e da leitura em uma sociedade cuja alfabetização era precária e extremamente restrita. O escopo do presente opúsculo está concentrado em identificar e refletir sobre alguns mecanismos de inserção e ascensão social de negros e mulatos dentro de um universo simbólico de sociabilidade próprio de um período (segunda metade do século XIX), de um modelo governamental (Monarquia) e de uma composição trabalhista específica (escravidão). Ascensão esta, vinculada à produção impressa (jornalística e literária), à inserção no universo intelectual rebuscado e à proximidade das altas instâncias sociais, governamentais e econômicas provenientes de tais atividades ou relacionadas a estas.
Black Intellectuals and mulattos, are journalists, writers, lawyers or engineers (in the case of brothers Rebouças), existed in a period in which the black person, supposedly, should not count with possibilities of insertion in socioeconomic sectors above the slavery or a black person free providing basic services. However, characteristics of the period related to the intense presence of black person and mulatto in society and in their daily activities, their symbolic logic and sociability propitiated the insertion of the black people in environments and survival strategies, overcoming obstacles, many own of his ancestry, and social advancement. However, this presence intense coincides, inclusive, with another that it, the graphic production, that, in turn, is related to the development of writing and reading in a society whose literacy was fragile and extremely restricted. The scope of this leaflet is concentrated in identify and reflect on the mechanisms of inclusion and social advancement of blacks and mulattos within a symbolic universe of sociability own a period (second half of the 19th century), a model government (Monarchy) and a composition specific labor (slavery). Ascension this, linked to production printed (journalistic and literary), entering the intellectual universe fetched and the proximity of high social institutions, governmental and economic from such activities or related to these.

Hotell tillhör en bransch med svårigheten att skapa lojala kunder. Därför höjs kraven på hanteringen av mjuka värden, som kundtillfredsställelse. Genom att inkludera mjuka värden tillsammans med finansiella värden i en modell kan ledningen i hotellen balansera dem. Eftersom mjuka värden är starkt kopplade till personalens kompetens och motivation, är det svårt för en stor organisation som hotellkedjor att enbart lita till att företagsstrukturerna ska upprätthålla mjuka värden i organisationen. Den lokala ledningen har därför ett stort inflytande kring hur personalen och verksamheten närmast kunden hanterar mjuka värden. För att hotellkedjan ska lyckas med sina visioner och mål, måste den lokala hotelledningen förstå de mjuka värden som kedjan prioriterar för att kunna översätta dessa till personalen, som utför dem i praktiken. Därför blir den lokala ledningen en viktig kugge för att hotellet ska lyckas verkställa visioner och mål. 

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O presente trabalho analisa o livro didático do Sistema Positivo de Ensino, no que tange à aplicação da lei 11.645/2008. Busca compreender as mudanças e/ou permanências de conceitos e explanações acerca da temática da representação da África, afro-brasileiros e índios, nos livros didáticos da disciplina de História do Ensino Fundamental II. Abordase nesta, o currículo nas escolas brasileiras, a escolha dos conteúdos de História do Brasil, que são trabalhados no ambiente escolar e como se efetivaram as mudanças nas leis. Enfatiza o discurso, nos anos 1930, da mestiçagem como preponderante fator para a construção da identidade do povo brasileiro. Discorre sobre a trajetória das reformas e planos educacionais do segundo governo Vargas até a redemocratização política brasileira dos anos 1990. Também, apresenta os movimentos sociais de negros e indígenas, suas lutas e conquistas, no âmbito político e social. A pesquisa foi se corporificando através de distintas fontes: artigos, dissertações, teses, os livros didáticos e programas de ensino federal. Aos poucos, no diálogo com as fontes foi se moldando este trabalho, no intuito, de contribuir para a construção de um olhar mais crítico e amplo acerca da temática proposta.
This paper analyzes the textbook Teaching Positive System, regarding the application of the law 11.645 / 2008. Seeks to understand the changes and / or stays of concepts and explanations about the theme of the representation of Africa, Afro Brazilians and Indians, in the textbooks of the discipline of History of Secondary School. Approaches to this, the curriculum in Brazilian schools, the choice of contents History of Brazil, which are worked in the school environment and how been affected changes in laws. Emphasizes the speech, in the 1930s, of miscegenation as a major factor for the construction of the identity of the Brazilian people. Discusses the path of reform and educational plans of the second Vargas government to the Brazilian political democratization of the 1990s also presents the social movements of black and indigenous people, their struggles and achievements in the political and social context. The research was embodying it through different sources: articles, theses, dissertations, textbooks and federal education programs. Gradually, in the dialogue with sources was shaping up this work in order to contribute to building a more critical eye and wide about the proposed theme.

Šio darbo tema – J. Basanavičiaus ,,Juodosios knygos“ prietarų (tikėjimų) leksikos savitumas. Ši tema yra nauja leksikos savitumo atskleidimo būdu – prietarų (tikėjimų) leksikos suprantamumo tyrimu, atliktu mokyklose. Tokio tyrimo iki šiol nebuvo, tad nebuvo galimybės remtis ankstesniais darbais ar kritine literatūra, todėl kad visas darbas buvo orientuotas gautų duomenų analize. Šio darbo tikslas yra ištirti, ar dabartiniai moksleiviai suvokia ,,Juodosios knygos“ tikėjimų (prietarų) leksikos savitumą, minties gilumą, išsiaiškinti, kaip reikėtų parengti moksleiviams skirtus tokio pobūdžio tekstus, kad jie duotų kaip galima daugiau naudos perteikiant lietuvių tautos pasaulėjautą ir pasaulėvaizdį, kalbos savitumą. Siekiant išsiaiškinti, ar moksleivių amžius turi lemiamos įtakos suvokiant prietarus, buvo tiriami skirtingo amžiaus, t. y. 6–8 kl. ir 9–12 kl., moksleiviai. Daroma prielaida, kad glaudesnius ryšius su kaimo aplinka turintys moksleiviai geriau suvokia liaudies vartotą leksiką ir prietaruose aptariamas realijas, todėl tyrimui pasirinkti moksleiviai iš Anykščių miesto ir Vilniaus miesto, kur, kaip žinia, moksleiviai dažniausiai neturi jokios tarmės, mažiau yra susiję su kaimo aplinka. Tyrimui naudojami metodai – anketavimas ir duomenų analizė. Iš viso tirti 27 skirtingi atsitiktinai išrinkti ,,Juodosios knygos“ prietarai (tikėjimai). Į kiekvieną anketą įeina po 3 prietarus. Buvo apklausta 112 Vilniaus Pilaitės vidurinės mokyklos moksleivių (53 žemesniųjų klasių (6-8) ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The topic of this work is the peculiarities of prejudice lexis in Basanavicius Black Book. This topic is new by its revelation of lexis peculiarities – the research of prejudice lexis understanding that was carried out at schools. The object of the work is lexis of the end of 19th centuries and the beginning of the 20th century, i.e. 27 ancient prejudices that were chosen randomly from Black Book. The aim of this work is to research whether pupils understand the peculiarities of prejudice lexis of Black Book, the depth of thoughts and to find out how such texts should be prepared for pupils that they would most intelligibly reveal emotional attitude and world-view of the Lithuanian nation and peculiarities of the language. Methods that were used for the research are questionnaire and data analysis. Questionnaire method was performed in Anyksciai A. Baranauskas secondary school and Vilnius Pilaite secondary school among pupils of lower (6-8) and higher (9-12) grades.

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The present work searched to investigate as the concept of black ethnic would be being propagated for didactic books of Sciences and the implications of this propagation for the pedagogical work of the professors, for believing that it is through the contact with our body and with the body of the other that differences fenotic are transformed into overvalued superiority and they will be white and lowered and undervalued they will be black. Such fact in them motivated the accomplishment of this study, considering the pedagogical speech of books of Sciences and the relations between physical differences, race and ethnic in the texts and illustrations presented there. The study it was carried through in a municipal public school of the city of Recife, in 1º year of 4º cycle of Basic Education, considering being the human body the main curricular content of this group, during all the school year. To get the desired objective, we use as methodological support the Interactive Methodology (OLIVEIRA, 2005), through comments, interviews, questionnaires and documentary analysis. With these procedures we can identify the conceptions of the didactic book authors, of the professors and the pupils concerning the manifestations of racism. We evidence that in general rule the ethnic concept does not appear and is not worked of explicit form in didactic books, as much in speaks of the professors and how much in the ones of the pupils, although many scientists and intellectuals using in substitution to the race concept. Through collected and analyzed data, it is possible to affirm that in the daily one of this school, the process of didactic transposition in disciplines of Science, on the content human body is marked by the propagation of preconception and discrimination, consisting in institutional racism of not contemplating excellent aspects of the corporeidade and black identities. As recommendations for advance of the knowledge, we consider excellent the investment in the continued formation of professors, in way who can arrive in port to its to make pedagogical, the education of the ethnic-racial relations that it makes possible to reconstruct those propagated by didactic books of prejudiced and discriminatory form as well as, to proceed to a criterions choice from these same books.
Este trabalho buscou investigar como o conceito de etnia negra estaria sendo veiculado pelos livros didáticos de Ciências e as implicações dessa veiculação para o trabalho pedagógico dos professores. Isso, por acreditar que é através do contato com o nosso corpo e com o corpo do outro que diferenças fenótipas são transformadas em superioridades e sobrevalorizadas se forem brancas e inferiorizadas e subvalorizadas se forem negras. Tal fato nos motivou a realização desse estudo, considerando o discurso pedagógico dos livros de Ciências e as relações entre diferenças físicas, raça e etnia nos textos e ilustrações ali apresentadas. O estudo foi realizado numa escola pública municipal da cidade do Recife, no 1º ano do 4º ciclo do Ensino Fundamental, considerando ser o corpo humano o principal conteúdo curricular dessa turma, durante todo o ano letivo. Para obter o objetivo desejado, utilizamos como suporte metodológico a Metodologia Interativa (OLIVEIRA, 2005), através de observações, entrevistas, questionários e análise documental. Com esses procedimentos podemos identificar as concepções dos autores de livros didáticos, dos professores e dos alunos acerca das manifestações de racismo. Constatamos que em regra geral o conceito de etnia não aparece e não é trabalhado de forma explícita nos livros didáticos, na fala dos professores e dos alunos, apesar de muitos cientistas e intelectuais o usarem em substituição ao conceito de raça. Através de dados coletados e analisados, é possível afirmar que no cotidiano dessa escola, o processo didático-pedagógico na disciplina de Ciência, sobre o conteúdo corpo humano é marcado pela veiculação de preconceito e discriminação, constituindo-se em racismo institucional por não contemplar aspectos relevantes da corporeidade e identidades negras. Confirmamos em nosso trabalho que os livros didáticos de ciências analisados, veiculam preconceitos e discriminação, relativos a etnia negra ao apresentar o corpo humano negro em minoria em suas ilustrações e em posições onde não se exige grande inteligência e prestígio social, bem como ao silenciar sobre as doenças prevalentes na população negra. Como recomendações para avanço do conhecimento, consideramos relevante o investimento na formação continuada de professores, de modo que possam aportar ao seu fazer pedagógico, a educação das relações étnico-raciais que possibilite reconstruir aqueles conceitos e conteúdos veiculados pelos livros didáticos de forma preconceituosa e discriminatória bem como, proceder a uma escolha mais criteriosa desses mesmos livros.

Inúmeras são as formas de entendermos uma imagem, analisando as mesmas dentro de uma coleção didática de historia de segundo segmento, procuramos analisar de maneira imparcial e coerente o impacto gerado pela lei 10639/03 sobre tal material e seus objetivos quanto à resignificação do negro dentro da história do Brasil. Para isso abrimos dialogo com teóricos que nos auxiliaram a entender a amplitude do conceito de imagem, tal como buscamos o debate a cerca da importância da mesma para o ensino de história, para tal buscamos mapear as atividades legislativas relacionadas à referida lei, e os programas governamentais que fomentam a produção editorial didática no Brasil. Diante desse caminho enfrentamos caminhos tortuosos e contraditórios, mas que nos levaram a deliberar a necessidade de novos estudos, esses mais amplos no que concerne o campo de pesquisa e mais aprofundado no que se refere ao próprio conceito de imagem, e a questão de resignificação do negro. Contudo podemos dizer que a presente pesquisa se mostra um material que como o próprio título refere-se contribuído para o estudo da imagem do negro e percebemos os avanços e permanências encontrados nos livros didáticos de historia após o ano de 2003.
Several are the ways in which we understand an image. By analyzing them in a school history collection for the second stage of elementary education, we seek to analyze the impact created by the Law 10639/03 on such material and its purposes as regards the resignification of black people within Brazilian history in an impartial, coherent manner. Thus, we open a dialogue with theorists who helped us understand the amplitude of the concept of image, and we also aim at a debate on the importance of the latter for history teaching. In order to do that, we seek to survey the legislative activities related to the aforementioned law and the governmental programs that promote the school publishing production in Brazil. We faced tortuous, contradictory ways, but they led us to deliberate on the need of new studies that are broader as regards the research field and more thorough in relation to the concept of image itself and the issue of resignification of black people. However, we may say that this research is a material that, as the title itself conveys, contributed to the study of the image of black people, and we see the advance and the persistence found in history schoolbooks after the year of 2003.

Technology increase in preschool and initiate become a ordinarly event for the children, this while as the books space possibly reduces and gets taken over by the digital. The intention with this investigation is to find out preschool teacher´s view on the physical book, in this case the picture book in a physics form. Then how they work with it among the older children at the preschool, it means children in the ages of 3–6. It is because that informations and communication technics (ICT) together with it´s digital tools The method that I has applied to figure out the preschool teacher´s views and working methods is a questionnaire on 11 questions. On that questionnaire 50 preschool teacher´s answered in the ages between 20–62. In the outcome result of the questionnaire it has emerged that all preschool teacher thinks the physical book is very important to the children. Why it is so important for the children, the preschool teachers has different opinions but the answers premeated by the language development in all forms. It has also emerged that althrough the digtal tools take their place at the preschool, the teachers choose to work with the physical book because the children themselves must be able to browse in the book, determine the tempo and discover peace in the tales.
Teknologin ökar inom förskolan och börjar bli en vanlig upplevelse för barnen, detta medan böckernas utrymme eventuellt/kanske minskar och övertas av det digitala. Avsikten med den här undersökningen är att ta reda på förskollärarnas syn på den fysiska boken, det vill säga detta fall bilderboken i fysisk form. Sedan hur de arbetar med boken bland de äldre barnen i förskolan, det menas barn som är 3-6 år gamla. Det för att Informations- och kommunikationsteknik (IKT) samt dess digitala verktyg gör sin framfart på förskolan. Den metod som har använts för att tagit reda på förskollärarnas syn och arbetssätt är en enkät på 11 frågor. På enkäten svarade 50 stycken förskollärare i åldrarna 20–62. I resultatet av enkäten har det framkommit att alla förskollärarna tycker att den fysiska boken är väldigt viktig för barnen. Varför den är viktig för barnen, har förskollärarna olika anledningar på men svaren genomsyras av språkutvecklingen i alla dess former. Det har även framkommit att även om de digitala verktygen tar plats i verksamheten, väljer pedagogerna att arbeta med den fysiska boken, detta för att barnen ska kunna bläddra själv, bestämma tempot och finna ro i sagorna.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A efervescência cultural e política dos anos 20 contribuiu para o surgimento do romance nordestino de 30. Nesse momento, o engajamento do intelectual era uma necessidade e as produções artísticas foram mediadas por influências políticas de esquerda ou de direita. Com isso, as obras literárias ganharam um tom de denúncia, expondo nossos problemas sociais. O intelectual brasileiro se viu entre dúvidas e tensões e destacamos, na primeira parte desse trabalho, as posturas dos seguintes escritores: José Américo de Almeida (1887-1980), Rachel de Queiroz (1910-2003), Jorge Amado (1912-2001), José Lins do Rego (1901-1957) e Graciliano Ramos (1892-1953). Na segunda parte, tomamos as obras do escritor paraibano, José Lins do Rego, para analisar o posicionamento desse intelectual frente as questões de sua época. Com base nas discussões que o escritor põe em relevo em seus romances, identificamos a abordagem da relação entre intelectual e operário, os limites da figuração do outro o negro e a mulher pobre , a continuidade e a ampliação da escravidão no século XX. Cotejando as respostas de José Lins com as dos demais romancistas nordestinos de 30, verificamos como se estabeleceu o diálogo entre esses escritores e quais são os limites de seus posicionamentos
The political and cultural effervescence of the roaring 20s contributed for the rising of the northeasterner literature romances of the 30s. In those days, the intellectual political engagement was a need and, therefore, influencing art productions which conveyed political issues embraced by either right and left wings of the Brazilian society. Consequently, literature works asssumed a denounce attitude by exposing our social issues.The Brazilian literate one was caught among doubts and social tensioned struggles, therefore emerging the following intellectual personalities of the time: José Américo de Almeida (1887-1980), Rachel de Queiroz (1910-2003), Jorge Amado (1912-2001), José Lins do Rego (1901-1957) and Graciliano Ramos (1892-1953) whose stands are covered in the first part of this work. The second part takes the works written by José Lins do Rego in order to analyze the positioning of this writer towards the social affairs ot that period. By this token, we approach the debates highlighted by that author in his books . To identify the ways he took so as to deal with the boundaries of his featured characters - such as the black person and the poor woman, the continued slavery and its entangled widening over the 20th century. By comparing the answers given by José Lins in discussions held with other authors in the 30s, one spots the dialog among these writers, their standpoints and the limits surrounding them

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Taking the 10.639/03 Act and its guidelines in respect to the teaching of Afro-Brazilian history and culture in all educational sectors as mandatory, as well as examining the ways through which this act has been implemented through the detailed observation of the didactic material used our research focus on the representation of black population. Through an ideological and aesthetic analysis of literary excerpts of the material used in the classroom, we take not only literary theories as our basis, but also other theoretical support produced by scholars from the human and social sciences that deal with the ethnic-racial question that we consider as fundamental for the articulation of language with ideology.
Tomando como ponto de partida o que prescreve a Lei 10.639/03 no tocante à obrigatoriedade do ensino da História e Cultura Africana e Afro Brasileira em todos os níveis de ensino e a forma como ela vem sendo implementada, através de um dos principais instrumentos da escola o livro didático -, o presente trabalho tem como foco central verificar como se dá, no livro didático, a representação da população negra, através da análise ideo-estética dos excertos literários, nele presentes, realizada à luz não apenas das teorias literárias, mas também de outros suportes teóricos advindos das Ciências Humanas e Sociais voltados para a questão étnico-racial, que consideramos importante para a articulação da linguagem com a ideologia a ela subjacente.

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Focusing on school images, on their multiple relationships with text and the typographic configuration, this work has intended to cooperate in facing a Bittencourt (1993) identified demand: the exiguity among us of studies on iconography which concentrate in their own image. Aware of this gap, we have investigated the representations of Africa, of the africans and their descendants in three Elementary School collections, approved and recommended by MEC in PNLD of 2004. Firstly we focused on the images themselves and, only secondarily, on the texts written about them and on the graphical aspects. As concerns the text, we have priviledged the captions, images titles and side comments about them. We endeavoured to quantify them in the studied collections, scrutinize their functions and their distribution throughout the units and lessons; their distribution per type seeking to extract our analysis from there. Upon developing our research we seeked to dimension the role of the Black Movement and the State in the changes occurred in the school books assessment process, as well as the repositioning of didactic material producers when facing the new demands of the mentioned social actors. We have dedicated to reading such repositioning in the imagetic, textual and typographic devices used to propose to the reading of State assessed and recommended collections. That is, we have seeked to understand the way of representing Africa, the africans and their descendants from the materiality of these collections. The results obtained in the research suggest shy changes in that way of representation; the permanences, in turn, are many; one of them is the fact that afrodescendants are predominantly represented and described in the past; it has also been observed that, when represented in the present, the images are, most times, stiff posing pictures, with no mention whatsoever as to time and place. Following the tracks opened by Cultural History we used as a theoretical support the concepts of social representation and representations fights, as formulated by Roger Chartier and the strategical and tactical ones, as conceived by Michel de Certeau
Com foco nas imagens escolares, em suas múltiplas relações com texto e a configuração tipográfica, este trabalho pretendeu colaborar para fazer frente a uma demanda identificada por Bittencourt (1993): a exigüidade entre nós de estudos sobre iconografia que se concentrem na própria imagem. Cientes desta lacuna, investigamos as representações da África, dos africanos e seus descendentes em três coleções de Ensino Fundamental 1, aprovadas e recomendadas pelo MEC no PNLD de 2004. Nos detivemos primeiramente nas próprias imagens e, só secundariamente, nos textos feitos para elas e nos aspectos gráficos. Com relação ao texto, privilegiamos as legendas, os títulos das imagens e os comentários laterais sobre elas. Esforçamo-nos por quantificá-las nas coleções estudadas, perscrutar suas funções e sua distribuição pelas unidades e lições; sua distribuição por tipo buscando extrair daí a nossa análise. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa buscamos dimensionar o papel do Movimento Negro e do Estado nas mudanças havidas no processo de avaliação dos livros escolares, bem como o reposicionamento dos produtores de didáticos frente às novas demandas dos atores sociais citados. Buscamos ler esse reposicionamento nos dispositivos imagéticos, textuais e tipográficos usados para propor à leitura as coleções avaliadas e recomendadas pelo Estado. Enfim, buscamos compreender o modo de representação da África, dos africanos e seus descendentes a partir da materialidade dessas coleções. Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa sugerem mudanças tímidas nesse modo de representação; já as permanências são muitas; uma delas é o fato de os afrodescendentes serem representados e descritos predominantemente no passado; notou-se também que, quando representados no presente, as imagens são, no mais das vezes, fotos posadas, sem menção de tempo e lugar. Adentrando a trilha aberta pela História Cultural usamos como suporte teórico os conceitos de representação social e lutas de representações, tal como formulados por Roger Chartier e os de estratégia e tática, tal como concebidos por Michel de Certeau

La littérature de jeunesse, l'un des supports les plus utilisés dans le contexte scolaire, est considérée comme un objet culturel de l'enfant. Cette thèse porte plus précisément sur les albums de jeunesse dont le personnage principal est un enfant noir. Ces livres sont envoyés aux écoles publiques brésiliennes par le ministère de l'Éducation en vue de « l'éducation aux relations ethnico-raciales » prévue dans les politiques scolaires promulguées en 2003 et 2004, rendant obligatoire « l'enseignement de l'histoire et de la culture afro-brésilienne et africaine » dans tous les établissements scolaires, ainsi que « l'inclusion de personnages noirs [...] dans les supports d'enseignement » (Brasil, 2005). Si, depuis les années 1950, de nombreux chercheurs brésiliens en sciences de l'éducation et en sociologie ont étudié la représentation de ces personnages, les différentes thématiques auxquelles ils sont actuellement associés et la manière dont les enseignant-e-s font usage de ces ouvrages en classe n'ont en revanche fait l'objet que de bien peu d'investigations. Nous étudierons donc ici l'image de l'enfant noir à travers l'analyse du contenu textuel et iconographique de 80 albums contemporains, mais aussi les usages que les enseignantes de huit écoles publiques de Salvador de Bahia font de ces ouvrages, par le bais de deux méthodologies complémentaires : des entretiens collectifs et des observations directes dans une classe de CE2. Nous nous appuierons tout particulièrement sur le concept de race qui, d'un côté, se trouve au cœur de ces politiques scolaires, de ces ouvrages et de leurs usages auprès des enfants et, de l'autre, constitue un outil d'analyse permettant de rendre compte des rapports sociaux. Ce sera alors l'occasion de mettre en lumière les enjeux et limites de ces politiques scolaires et des usages de ces livres en tant que supports de nouvelles modalités pédagogiques pour l'apprentissage de ladite diversité ethno-raciale à l'école
Children's literature, one of the most widely used aids in a school context, is also considered a child's cultural object. This dissertation focuses specifically on children's books in which the main character is a black child. The Brazilian public schools receive this material from the Department of Education in an aim to promote "education in ethnic-racial relationships" which is present in the school policies that were promulgated in 2003 and 2004, and that made mandatory "the teaching of history and of African-Brazilian and African cultures" in every educational institution as well as "the inclusion of black characters [...] in educational aids" (Brazil, 2005). Numerous Brazilian researchers in the fields of education and sociology have, since the 1950's, studied the representation of this character. Nonetheless, the different subjects to which it is today associated, and the way educators make use of these books inside the classroom, remain yet to be researched. We will therefore, study here, the image of the black child through the analysis of textual and iconographic contents of 80 contemporary children's books, but also the usage that educators of eight public schools of Salvador de Bahia make of these books, while using two complementary approaches: collective interviews and direct observation of a CE2 class. We will focus particularly on the concept of race, which on the one hand, is at the heart of these school policies, of these books and of their usage on children. On the other hand, it constitutes a category of analysis, allowing us to report on social relations. Consequently, this will be the opportunity to bring to light the interests and limitations that these school policies and books entail, as a way to support new educational approaches for the learning of the above mentioned ethnic-racial relationships at school
A literatura infantojuvenil, um dos suportes mais utilizados no contexto escolar, é considerada como um objeto cultural da criança. Esta tese se interessa especificamente sobre os livros ilustrados infantojuvenis cuja personagem principal é uma criança negra. Estes livros são enviados para as escolas públicas brasileiras pelo Ministério da Educação a fim de atender a "Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais" prevista nas políticas educacionais promulgadas em 2003 e 2004, tornando obrigatório "o ensino da história e da cultura afro-brasileira e africana" em todos os estabelecimentos de ensino, assim como "a inclusão de personagens negros [...] nos materiais de ensino" (BRASIL, 2005). Se, desde 1950 alguns pesquisadores brasileiros em educação e em sociologia estudaram a representação desses personagens, as diferentes temáticas pelas quais eles são atualmente associados e a maneira como os professores-as fazem uso desses livros em sala de aula têm, porém, sido pouco investigada. Estudamos aqui a imagem da criança negra através da análise de conteúdo textual e iconográfica de 80 livros contemporâneos, mas também os usos que os professores de oito escolas públicas de Salvador - Bahia fazem desses livros através de duas metodologias complementares: entrevistas coletivas e observações diretas em uma turma do terceiro ano do ensino fundamental. Nos apoiaremos particularmente no conceito de raça que, de um lado, se encontra no interior dessas políticas educacionais, desses livros e nos seus usos com as crianças, e por outro lado, constitui uma categoria de análise permitindo observar as relações sociais. Esta será uma ocasião para destacar as perspectivas e limites dessas políticas educacionais e os usos desses livros como suportes de novas modalidades pedagógicas para a aprendizagem da dita diversidade étnico-racial na escola
La literatura infantil, uno de los recursos más utilizados en el contexto escolar, es considerada como un objeto cultural del niño. Esta tesis se enfoca más precisamente en los álbumes infantiles en los que el personaje principal es un niño negro. El Ministerio de Educación envía estos libros a las escuelas públicas brasileñas con el objetivo de promulgar "la educación para las relaciones étnico-raciales" prevista en las políticas escolares promulgadas en los años 2003 y 2004, haciendo obligatoria "la enseñanza de la historia y de la cultura afro-brasileña y africana" en todos los establecimientos escolares, así como "la inclusión de personajes negros [...] en los recursos de enseñanza" (Brasil, 2005). Si bien, desde los años cincuenta, algunos investigadores brasileños en ciencias de la educación y en sociología han estudiado la representación de este personaje, las diferentes temáticas a las que está actualmente ligado y la manera en que los educadores hacen uso de estos libros dentro de la clase han sido poco investigada. Estudiaremos así la imagen del niño negro a través del análisis del contenido textual e iconográfico de 80 álbumes contemporáneos, así como también los usos que los educadores de ocho escuelas públicas de Salvador de Bahía hacen de estos textos, utilizando dos metodologías complementarias: entrevistas colectivas y observaciones directas dentro de una clase de CE2. Nos apoyaremos particularmente en el concepto de raza la cual, por un lado, se encuentra en el núcleo de estas políticas escolares, de estas obras y de su uso con los niños; y, por otro lado, constituye una categoría de análisis, permitiendo informar sobre las relaciones sociales. De este modo, tendremos la oportunidad de poner de relieve los intereses y las limitaciones de estas políticas escolares, así como de los usos de estos libros, como recursos para nuevas modalidades pedagógicas que facilitan el aprendizaje de dicha diversidad étnico-racial en la escuela

碩士
國立新竹教育大學
藝術教育與創作碩士班
101
In this thesis, Blank Grids on Work books, I try to investigate my art work from 2010 to 2013.The methodology of this study will be a dialogue between the physical sense, the awareness of space and the learning memory since young that derived from restricted life experience. The symbolic dialogue space is a “site of intertextuality” as the result of the interaction among the audience, the poet and the environment. I will also explore the significance of emptiness through the analysis of Minimalism and artwork. In Chapter I, Overview, I will describe the motivation and goals, the study limit and the methodology. In Chapter II, Wandering, I will explain the transcendence in the series of my early works, “Scripts” and “Anywhere”. Through the analysisof Rachel Whiteread’s (1963- ) work, I attempt to study the significance of emptiness. In Chapter III, Boundary and Infinity I will discuss Piet Mondrian’s(1872-1944) pattern and regularity of nature through the combination of geometric graphs and lines with his intention to the planet of spiritual realization. Moreover, from Mondrian’s concept of Minimalism, philosophical concept of oriental world, I will investigate the formality and ideology in Agnes Martin’s(1912-2004) and Tsong Pu’s(1947-) works. In Chapter IV, Eternal Return, as creator influenced by the artists mentioned above, I will form a series work to convey the simultaneous existence of the awareness of repeating movements and labor during the process of creation as my childhood memory of practicing the writing. The blank grids are symbolized as “Issues”, which opens variant interpretations to the viewers, the poet and the intervened environment. By doing so, I found a way to represent and resemble the principle of Nature. In Chapter V, Transformation and Recollection, I will analyze three series of myworks: ”Light spot．Floating”, ”Dialogue” and ”Workbook . Finally, it all leads to the conclusion in Chapter 6. Keywords: transcendence, Minimalism, repeating, geometry, grid, intertextuality

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2017
In November 2011 Marvel Comics introduced the re-imagined incarnation of one of their top tier superhero characters, Spider-Man. Marvel proposed the new identity of the hero as Miles Morales, a 13-year-old boy of African American descent. It represents the first significant alteration to the character in almost half a century. Further, Marvel suggested that Miles is evidence of both their commitment to diversity, transformation and the representation of a multicultural society that includes different identity propositions. This study explores the enunciation on of Miles’ identity counterpoised with that of the normative discursive enunciation of heroism in comics within the context of intersectional politics. A central focus is the manner in which Miles’ rendering can be interpreted as discursively disruptive and transformative, especially in the depiction of race and class. The study views Marvel’s representation of Miles as not only a proposition of black postcolonial heroism but also that of the scaffolding of power and knowledge. It is the contention of this study that UCSM exhibits the markings of colonial and imperial discourse pertaining to identity politics, manifesting in the discursive strategy of mimicry and the mimetics of popular culture, that reveal firmly entrenched power relations limiting Miles’ autonomy. The analysis delves into the articulation of race in the circumscription and demarcation of identity, when read comparatively with classical heroism, supporting characters and the subjectivity of Miles’ white counterparts, notably his predecessor as Spider-Man, Peter Parker. Miles is imprinted with the pattern of disenfranchisement and labours under the weight of racialised identity politics that invoke the spectre of colonialism. Through the use of critical discourse analysis, postcolonial and critical theory the study brings to light the maintenance and structure of inequality, tacit discrimination and stereotypical identity that surfaces in a 21st century popular cultural text.
XL2018

Recent studies exploring the history of Scottish tourism have neglected to critically analyse nineteenth-century guidebooks, although they are frequently-used sources. Nineteenth-century guidebooks to Scotland are a window into the complex negotiations between actors within a burgeoning mass tourist sector, including the publishers that supplied travellers with information and advice in the form of maps, illustrations and the printed word. This thesis offers a comparative analysis of Black’s Picturesque Tourist of Scotland and Handbook for Travellers in Scotland, revealing how sources often dismissed as ephemera constituted complex, multi-media, intertextual products. Examining, in turn, the history of modern guidebook publishing and cartography, the evolution of the guidebook preface, the incorporation of a rich visual culture within the volumes, and the formatting of proposed ‘tours’, this study suggests that there were distinctive features of each series that reflected broader editorial strategies and underscore how, as sources, historians must understand the particular features and intended functions of each volume, rather than aggregating them without attention to the variety of formats and texts encompassed within the genre.

碩士
國立清華大學
外國語文學系
96
AbstractThis thesis discusses Orhan Pamuk’s The Black Book in light of its metafictional techniques and multifaceted narrative identities. It also aims to explore the significant role of story and the influential impact of storytelling in relation to the problem of authenticity and the idea of public intellectual in the novel. In The Black Book, Pamuk uses the essential feature of story to problematize the notion of origin in the textual authority and mobilize the function of medium in both public and private concern. The encounter of public and private illustrates in the representation of book form and the press. My investigation into the multilayers of narrative discourse will draw on the significance of story and the medium form of the press. The examination will also touch the manipulation of mass media in response to the authenticity in columnist writing and information gathering in public. Chapter Two consists four parts. In the first part, I would like to highlight the cultural background of columnist writing in Turkey and Pamuk’s structural arrangement of columns in The Black Book. In this novel, the columns from the press present an influential arena for storytelling. I would like to draw attention to the role of storyteller and the forms of storytelling in The Black Book in response to Walter Benjamin’s notion in “The Storyteller.” The examination will address how Pamuk constructs Celâl’s stories in the columns and how the stories generates truth and power and brings great impact on the readership. I would like to further investigate the representation on the game of power and truth of media in The Black Book in light of Marshall McLuhan’s conception in Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. I would further investigate the way stories echo and reecho in both public and private. The next topic will lead to the discussion on the problem of authenticity in relation to the game and devices of writing columns which Pamuk reveals in The Black Book. Chapter Three I would like to discuss the complex relation between storytelling and memory in this novel. In The Black Book, the act of storytelling associates with the access of memory and the gesture of public confession. I attempt to discuss the interrelation of memory and writing in response to Pamuk’s description of Celâl’s memory disease and his dilemma of keeping writing. I try to discuss how the access of memory through reading enforces readers’ participation in stories. The art of storytelling and its liberating function on the readership in the novel deserve a critical analysis. Thus, I would like to further focus on the readership in The Black Book in relation to the immense influence of reading and writing on readers. Chapter Four will be my conclusion. In this chapter, I would like to discuss the significance of reading Pamuk in Taiwan as a Foreign Languages and Literature student in response to the way Pamuk address the intellectual dialectic between East and West and the notion of “unlearning.” The way Pamuk reconsiders the relationship between author and authority, and historicizes the problems between past and present and also problematizes the issue on authorship and authenticity can offer further depth to rediscover the hidden stories in Taiwan. The multifaceted reflection on diverse cultures and the notion of public intellectual in his novels can be associated with the colonial past in a Taiwanese context. My thesis intends to offer a novel perspective to delve into Pamuk’s The Black Book through unpacking diverse layers of stories and reconsider the problem of authenticity and the intertwinements between stories, power and truth in the labyrinth of story.

D.Litt. et Phil. (Library & Information Science)
One of the characteristics of publishing in South Africa is that it does not reflect the demographic make-up of South Africa. Publishing in South Africa has been largely financed and controlled by whites and little effort until recently has been expended on the incipient black reader. This has contributed to the lack of a reading culture amongst black people in South Africa. Oral cultures or even cultures with residual amorality Her from Western literate societies. These differences affect cultural products, such as stories, and responses to cultural products. Readers whose norms and expectations of formal discourse are governed by residual oral mindset relate to a text quite differently from readers whose sense of style is fundamentally textual. When an author writes, he postulates an audience. He has to know the tradition - the intertextuality - in which he is working. He can then create fictional roles that the reader is willing and able to play. It is not easy to get into a reader's mind, but it is not an impossibility if both the reader and writer are familiar with the 1iterary tradition in which they work, whether this tradition is oral or literate. There are major differences between an oral and literate culture in their thought processes, perceptions of the world, narrative structures and understanding and response to literature. This must affect cultural accessibility of text. An oral culture, such as black South Africans, will look for different structures, characters and types of discourse in their literature.

碩士
銘傳大學
應用日語學系碩士班
104
In the development of Japanese picture books, especially in the 50 years (1945-1995) after World WarⅡ, there is a breakthrough change. During this period, Chihiro Iwasaki (1918-1974), a representative female post-war picture book author who has experienced the war, uses concise text, soft drawings, and blank-leaving to poeticize deeper meanings. In this research, we try to find out how she performs her contradictions and inner conflicts in the picture books, and explore the implied meanings which she wants to represent to readers behind the works. The research discusses Chihiro Iwasaki's life experiences and how she describes children as topics as a start. Chapter 1 "Order Theory" noted Chihiro Iwasaki's position in history according to previous research. Chapter 2 "The Development of Japan's Post-war Picture Books" consists of the development of Japanese picture books after World WarⅡ, and the original intention of her works. In Chapter 3, it describes Chihiro Iwasaki’s six "feeling of picture books" including interpretation and analysis; also figures out the theme of "growth"in her works. In Chapter 4, by using Chapter 3 as a base to discuss "Chihiro Iwasaki's concepts of drawing", and also put "Senka No Naka No Kodomo Tachi" which was published in the same period into the discussion. Moreover, to analyze and discover the meaning of blank-leaving which was used in lots of her pictures. The final chapter recalls Chihiro Iwasaki's work and proposes future issues. In this research, not only new understandings are expounded to readers, but discover other meanings of blank-leaving in Chihiro Iwasaki's works, which enhances and rebuilt the imaginations of readers.

An investigation into the extent to which rural black primary school teachers of English in Kwazulu-Natal have been exposed to a culture of reading in general and, more particularly, their perceptions of the value of proficiency in reading English. In this study I set out to explore the reading attitudes and practices of underqualified teachers of English studying for their Teacher's Diploma, as well as the broad context within which these were acquired. I also wished to examine whether teachers from remote rural areas where little English is spoken, perceive proficiency in reading English as providing access to social and economic progress, power and prestige. These two issues are interconnected for this study because as teachers of English and reading, their reading attitudes and practices will impact on their learners at a formative stage in their education. The data for this study were obtained by means of questionnaires and reading histories which investigated the above two issues. Respondents completed questionnaires giving details of their early experiences of reading. In this first part of the study which explored the exposure to a culture of reading, the language of reading is not specified. The questionnaire also dealt with adult reading attitudes and practices and here respondents were given the opportunity to make a distinction between their main language and English. This part of the study related to attitudes to reading in general, as well as perceptions of the value of proficiency in reading English. Questionnaire data were amplified by extended reading histories. It was found that respondents had had little exposure to a reading culture either at school or at home. Harsh teaching methods had militated against the development of a practice of reading for pleasure. Respondents therefore did not place a high value on reading, either in their personal or their professional lives. In addition, respondents generally did not perceive proficiency in reading English as conferring social or economic benefits. It is assumed that because respondents live and work in remote, linguistically homogeneous areas of Kwazulu-Natal where little English is spoken, they do not see a dynamic connection between English competence and improved job prospects and social status in their everyday lives. The tentative conclusion which is confirmed by other research in this field is that respondents would benefit from an intervention which would engender a sense of reading as connecting with their existing lives and affording access to the national and global world. Expanding the notion of reading to incorporate a critical literacy approach and extending the notion of text to include those drawn from popular culture might encourage a closer sense of engagement with written texts. Respondents could thus be empowered to become teachers of reading and English able to equip their learners to deal with the demands of the modem world.
Thesis (M.Ed.) - University of Natal, 1999.

The KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Library Services (KZNPLS) is attempting to address the reading needs of black adult users neglected during the apartheid era. The provision of popular adult English fiction, which consumes a considerable portion of the KZNPLS book budget, has catered for the recreational reading tastes of a small, educated, predominantly white group. This study explores whether popular adult English fiction has a role to play in the reading needs of black adult users in libraries affiliated to KZNPLS. An exploratory survey using the semi-structured interview was conducted in black libraries affiliated to KZNPLS to investigate whether there was an interest in popular English fiction and whether it was assisting readers to develop English language reading skills. The findings of the survey suggested that needs were very broad. However, basic literacy material was the most needed, and popular English fiction was playing a significant role in improving English language reading skills and fluency. The study suggests that if transformation and development is to take place in South Africa, the country's inhabitants must cultivate the critical thinking skills necessary for full utilisation of information technology. The oral tradition is not sufficient for South Africa's information needs but should be incorporated into a synergic union with global information systems. Reading has an established role to play in the development of critical thinking skills but South Africa lacks a strong reading culture. The fostering of English-language reading ability is appropriate as English is the lingua franca of South Africa and the foremost language of technology. The structure of much popular English fiction has transcultural appeal due to its use of archetypal formulas. Popular English fiction provides reading motivation but has a controversial history due to elitist condemnations of its literary quality. To overcome the debate of whether libraries should prefer literary merit or popularity in their fiction collections, it is recommended that diversity be the touchstone and that readers be given full opportunity to indulge in the free voluntary reading that provides fertile ground for the cultivation of critical thinking skills.
Thesis (M.I.S.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1997.

碩士
國立臺中教育大學
美術學系碩士班
99
Picture books have been widely applied to teaching and parent-children education and are indispensable for modern life. In addition to complementing early childhood education, picture book is helpful in inspiring children’s creativity and aesthetics as well. Since the environment is changing rapidly, the ecology on earth also experiences a great difference. Therefore, the study is expected to integrate the creation with our island so as to highlight the issues of environment and endangered animals and to emphasize the importance of ecological conservation by means of warm and lovely stories. As for the materials, the study adopts acrylic colors and collage to not only give the picture book a totally different taste, but present the various colors and lines of animals in the wild. The first chapter is the introduction, describing the goal and meaning of creation. Moreover, the study explains how to integrate ecology with education and arts as the basic argument, the selection of study scope, and the method as well as steps of the creation. In addition, the study interprets the connotation of important key words and terms. The Second chapter is concerning the literature review of endangered animals. From the perspectives of ecology, natural conservation, and environmental science, the study aims at observing the changes and the trace of ecology on earth from different viewpoints. By compiling the data, the study is expected to obtain the profound knowledge concerning the lifestyle of green turtles and black-faced spoonbills and to discover the close relationship between environment and the habitats of animals so that they may serve as the foundation for the looks of animals and the story background. The Third chapter is concerning the techniques applied to creation and the study as well as analysis of materials. In addition to understanding the history of collage, the study compares various picture books to discuss how different styles are presented with the technique of collage so that the researcher may create a unique decoupage style. These two picture books are created in the study; one is about ‘Black spoon—black-faced spoonbill’ and the other is concerning ‘Green turtle.’ The animal characters are personified in the stories, which take place in Taiwan. Furthermore, the picture books are aimed at depicting the relationship between endangered animals, humans, and the environment. Finally, in Fourth chapter, the study explains its ideas and the process of creation, from the framework of story, material selection to the techniques it adopted. Key words: picture book, collage, endangered animal, green turtle, black-faced spoonbill

With shows such as Big Bang Theory and the increased mainstreaming of San Diego Comic-con, now more than ever before, it is acceptable to be a “nerd”. The question now becomes what efforts are being made to appeal to fans of color in traditional “nerd” activities, specifically comic books (this can include television shows and movies based on comic book characters), anime, and science fiction. Throughout the decades, there have been various attempts to have a discourse about the lack of diversity in nerd culture, both among its creators and characters from various properties considered beloved to nerds. Only, at the time of this writing, in recent years does there seem to be an increase among fans of color discussing these issues in the world at large, and not just in their own social group(s). This research will discover how minority fans feel about representation, or lack thereof, in the three above fandom. It will examine how minority fans feel about specific instants involving race and ethnicity in fandom from the past year. What I have discovered is that, issues of race are not discussed among the majority of fans and creators. Occasionally, when such issues are discussed there is an amount of hostility from white fans.

碩士
實踐大學
時尚與媒體設計研究所
97
Living in the current age of information explosion, people have resorted to a wide variety of methods to alter their bodies that in fact hurt themselves. With more and more people becoming unable to perceive, or even begin to doubt, their own existence, the pleasure of orgasm and the excitement of pain assault the body to wake it up to reality. However, the morals and values established by social groups often stifle people’s attempts to validate themselves through such sensory stimulation. In historical traditions dominated by men, societal male dominance views often make women victims under their fathers’ control. One example is found in women’s dress throughout history, with the ideal of beauty of women’s bodies continuously being dictated by males. Modern women use a wide variety of external changes to their bodies, demonstrating and executing the rights to their own bodies and self-image. Even in today’s society of greater gender equality, women are still judged and criticized according to different standards in terms of feeling, accepting and enjoying the world and themselves. This creation research intends to first record the sources of human behavior, including an exploration of the aesthetic influences of the human libido, and it has changed the image of women within gender politics. Second, it will investigate the ambiguous psyche and differing images of people ‘onstage’ versus ‘offstage’ through Erving Goffman’s dramaturgical perspective and the paparazzi culture of contemporary media. Finally, it will attempt to show how the “Transformative Bookbinding Structural Form” and “Incomplete Artistic Makeup Creation of Color Images” in costume design are analogous to women shaping their appearance offstage. With a wide variety of onstage costume designs, we try to imitate offstage female paranoia and psychology, with dramatic onstage visual displays presenting the true offstage ‘self’ of females. The above will lead this thesis to dismiss the fallacies of absolute moral dichotomy.

This thesis interrogates how Lawrence Hill’s The Book of Negroes represents histories of violence ethically by utilizing Emmanuel Lévinas’s philosophy of ethics as a methodology for interpretation. Traditional slave narratives like Olaudah Equiano’s autobiography and postmodern neo-slave narratives like Toni Morrison’s Beloved animate the violence endemic to slavery and colonialism in an effort to emphasize struggles in conscience, the incomprehensible atrocities, and strategies of rebellion. However, this project illustrates how The Book of Negroes supplements these literary goals with Hill’s own imagination of how slaves contested the inhumanities thrust upon them. Through his aesthetic choices as a realist, Hill foregrounds the possibilities of pacifism, singular identities, and altruistic agency through his protagonist Aminata Diallo. These three narrative elements constitute Lévinas’s ethical peace, which means displaying a profound sensitivity towards the historical Other whom imperial discourses and traditional representations of catastrophes in Black history might obscure.
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