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Journal articles on the topic 'Blast exposure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Tan, X. Gary, and Peter Matic. "Simulation of Cumulative Exposure Statistics for Blast Pressure Transmission Into the Brain." Military Medicine 185, Supplement_1 (2020): 214–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz308.

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Abstract Introduction This study develops and demonstrates an analysis approach to understand the statistics of cumulative pressure exposure of the brain to repetitive blasts events. Materials and Methods A finite element model of blast loading on the head was used for brain model biomechanical responses. The cumulative pressure exposure fraction (CPEF), ranging from 0.0 to 1.0, was used to characterize the extent and repetition of high pressures. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to generate repetitive blast cumulative exposures. Results The blast orientation effect is as influential as

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2

Hoffer, Michael E., Carey Balaban, Kim Gottshall, Ben J. Balough, Michael R. Maddox, and Joseph R. Penta. "Blast Exposure." Otology & Neurotology 31, no. 2 (2010): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mao.0b013e3181c993c3.

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Race, Nicholas, Jesyin Lai, Riyi Shi, and Edward L. Bartlett. "Differences in postinjury auditory system pathophysiology after mild blast and nonblast acute acoustic trauma." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 2 (2017): 782–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00710.2016.

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Blasts exposures often produce hearing difficulties. Although cochlear damage typically occurs, the downstream effects on central auditory processing are less clear. Moreover, outcomes were compared between individuals exposed to the blast pressure wave vs. those who experienced the blast noise without the pressure wave. It was found that a single blast exposure produced changes at all stages of the ascending auditory path at least 4 wk postblast, whereas blast noise alone produced largely transient changes.

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4

Kim, Jung H., James A. Goodrich, Robert Situ, et al. "Periventricular White Matter Alterations From Explosive Blast in a Large Animal Model: Mild Traumatic Brain Injury or “Subconcussive” Injury?" Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology 79, no. 6 (2020): 605–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnen/nlaa026.

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Abstract The neuropathology of mild traumatic brain injury in humans resulting from exposure to explosive blast is poorly understood as this condition is rarely fatal. A large animal model may better reflect the injury patterns in humans. We investigated the effect of explosive blasts on the constrained head minimizing the effects of whole head motion. Anesthetized Yucatan minipigs, with body and head restrained, were placed in a 3-walled test structure and exposed to 1, 2, or 3 explosive blast shock waves of the same intensity. Axonal injury was studied 3 weeks to 8 months postblast using β-a

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Tsao, Jack W., Lauren A. Stentz, Minoo Rouhanian, et al. "Effect of concussion and blast exposure on symptoms after military deployment." Neurology 89, no. 19 (2017): 2010–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000004616.

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Objective:To examine whether blast exposure alone and blast-associated concussion result in similar neurologic and mental health symptoms.Methods:A 14-item questionnaire was administered to male US Marines on their return from deployment in Iraq and/or Afghanistan.Results:A total of 2,612 Marines (median age 22 years) completed the survey. Of those, 2,320 (88.9%) reported exposure to ≥1 blast during their current and/or prior deployments. In addition, 1,022 (39.1%) reported ≥1 concussion during the current deployment, and 731 (28.0%) had experienced at least 1 prior lifetime concussion. Marine

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Belding, Jennifer N., Shannon Fitzmaurice, Robyn Martin Englert, et al. "Blast Exposure and Risk of Recurrent Occupational Overpressure Exposure Predict Deployment TBIs." Military Medicine 185, no. 5-6 (2019): e538-e544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz289.

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Abstract Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in recent military conflicts and deployment-related TBIs are most commonly caused by blast. However, knowledge of risk factors that increase susceptibility to TBI following an acute, high-level blast is limited. We hypothesized that recurrent occupational overpressure exposure (ROPE) may be one factor that increases susceptibility to mild TBI (mTBI) following blast. Materials and Methods Using military occupational specialty as a proxy, we examined the effects of high versus low ROPE on mTB

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Gill, Jessica, Ann Cashion, Nicole Osier, et al. "Moderate blast exposure alters gene expression and levels of amyloid precursor protein." Neurology Genetics 3, no. 5 (2017): e186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxg.0000000000000186.

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Objective:To explore gene expression after moderate blast exposure (vs baseline) and proteomic changes after moderate- (vs low-) blast exposure.Methods:Military personnel (N = 69) donated blood for quantification of protein level, and peak pressure exposures were detected by helmet sensors before and during a blast training program (10 days total). On day 7, some participants (n = 29) sustained a moderate blast (mean peak pressure = 7.9 psi) and were matched to participants with no/low-blast exposure during the training (n = 40). PAXgene tubes were collected from one training site at baseline

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Tan, X. Gary, and Peter Matic. "Optimizing Helmet Pad Placement Using Computational Predicted Injury Pattern to Reduce Mild Traumatic Brain Injury." Military Medicine 186, Supplement_1 (2021): 592–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa240.

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ABSTRACTIntroductionThis effort, motivated and guided by prior simulated injury results of the unprotected head, is to assess and compare helmet pad configurations on the head for the effective mitigation of blast pressure transmission in the brain in multiple blast exposure environments.Materials and MethodsA finite element model of blast loading on the head with six different helmet pad configurations was used to generate brain model biomechanical responses. The blast pressure attenuation performance of each pad configuration was evaluated by using the calculated pressure exposure fraction i

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9

Scherer, Matthew R., and Michael C. Schubert. "Traumatic Brain Injury and Vestibular Pathology as a Comorbidity After Blast Exposure." Physical Therapy 89, no. 9 (2009): 980–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080353.

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Blasts or explosions are the most common mechanisms of injury in modern warfare. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a frequent consequence of exposure to such attacks. Although the management of orthopedic, integumentary, neurocognitive, and neurobehavioral sequelae in survivors of blasts has been described in the literature, less attention has been paid to the physical therapist examination and care of people with dizziness and blast-induced TBI (BITBI). Dizziness is a common clinical finding in people with BITBI; however, many US military service members who have been exposed to blasts and who

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10

Grande, Laura J., Meghan E. Robinson, Lauren J. Radigan, et al. "Verbal Memory Deficits in OEF/OIF/OND Veterans Exposed to Blasts at Close Range." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 24, no. 5 (2018): 466–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617717001242.

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AbstractObjectives:This study investigated the relationship between close proximity to detonated blast munitions and cognitive functioning in OEF/OIF/OND Veterans.Methods:A total of 333 participants completed a comprehensive evaluation that included assessment of neuropsychological functions, psychiatric diagnoses and history of military and non-military brain injury. Participants were assigned to a Close-Range Blast Exposure (CBE) or Non-Close-Range Blast Exposure (nonCBE) group based on whether they had reported being exposed to at least one blast within 10 meters.Results:Groups were compare

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Harding, J. E., M. Henneberg, P. Winter, and J. N. Harding. "Hidden injury potential following blast exposure." Injury 41 (July 2010): S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2010.01.048.

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12

Eonta, Stephanie E., Gary H. Kamimori, Kevin K. W. Wang, et al. "Case Study of a Breacher: Investigation of Neurotrauma Biomarker Levels, Self-reported Symptoms, and Functional MRI Analysis Before and After Exposure to Measured Low-Level Blast." Military Medicine 185, no. 3-4 (2019): e513-e517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz185.

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Abstract We report a case study on a single military member who received moderate blast overpressure (OP) exposure during routine breacher training. We extend previous research on blast exposure during training, which lacked sufficient data to assess symptom profiles and OP exposure. The present work was conducted because a subjective symptom profile similar to that seen in sports concussion has been reported by military personnel exposed to blast. Data collection for this study was carried out under a research protocol approved by the relevant Human Subjects Review Committees on one subject,

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13

Storzbach, Daniel, Maya Elin O’Neil, Saw-Myo Roost, et al. "Comparing the Neuropsychological Test Performance of Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) Veterans with and without Blast Exposure, Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 21, no. 5 (2015): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617715000326.

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AbstractTo compare neuropsychological test performance of Veterans with and without mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), blast exposure, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. We compared the neuropsychological test performance of 49 Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) Veterans diagnosed with MTBI resulting from combat blast-exposure to that of 20 blast-exposed OEF/OIF Veterans without history of MTBI, 23 OEF/OIF Veterans with no blast exposure or MTBI history, and 40 matched civilian controls. Comparison of neuropsychological test performance across all fou

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Liu, Yunen, Changci Tong, Peifang Cong, et al. "Proteomic Analysis Revealed the Characteristics of Key Proteins Involved in the Regulation of Inflammatory Response, Leukocyte Transendothelial Migration, Phagocytosis, and Immune Process during Early Lung Blast Injury." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (April 27, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8899274.

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Previous studies found that blast injury caused a significant increased expression of interleukin-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor, a significant decrease in the expression of IL-10, an increase in Evans blue leakage, and a significant increase in inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs. However, the molecular characteristics of lung injury at different time points after blast exposure have not yet been reported. Therefore, in this study, tandem mass spectrometry (TMT) quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analysis were used for the first time to gain a deeper understanding of the m

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Shaw, K. Aaron, Peter C. Johnson, David Williams, Steven D. Zumbrun, Richard Topolski, and Craig D. Cameron. "Chondrocyte Viability After a Simulated Blast Exposure." Military Medicine 182, no. 7 (2017): e1941-e1947. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-16-00370.

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Akin, Faith W., and Owen D. Murnane. "Head Injury and Blast Exposure: Vestibular Consequences." Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 44, no. 2 (2011): 323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2011.01.005.

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17

Hoge, Charles W., Jonathan Wolf, and David Williamson. "Astroglial scarring after blast exposure: unproven causality." Lancet Neurology 16, no. 1 (2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30342-8.

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Cullen, D. Kacy, Yongan Xu, Dexter V. Reneer, et al. "Color changing photonic crystals detect blast exposure." NeuroImage 54 (January 2011): S37—S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.076.

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19

Featherman, Scott, David Borkholder, and Kyle Sims. "Force preservation through individual blast exposure surveillance." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 20 (November 2017): S103—S104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.402.

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Lewis, Susan, Chloë Mason, and Jelena Srna. "Carbon monoxide exposure in blast furnace workers." Australian Journal of Public Health 16, no. 3 (2010): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00064.x.

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Boutillier, Johanna, Caroline Deck, Sébastien De Mezzo, et al. "Lung injury risk assessment during blast exposure." Journal of Biomechanics 86 (March 2019): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.02.011.

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Bourn, Sebastian, T. E Scott, and E. J Hulse. "A comparison of CT lung voxel density analysis in a blast and non blast injured casualty." Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 165, no. 3 (2018): 166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2018-000979.

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IntroductionPrimary blast lung injury (PBLI) is a prominent feature in casualties following exposure to blast. PBLI carries high morbidity and mortality, but remains difficult to diagnose and quantify. Radiographic diagnosis of PBLI was historically made with the aid of plain radiographs; more recently, qualitative review of CT images has assisted diagnosis.MethodsWe report a novel way of measuring post-traumatic acute lung injury using CT lung density analysis in two casualties. One casualty presented following blast exposure with confirmed blast lung injury and the other presented following

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23

Cong, Peifang, Changci Tong, Ying Liu, et al. "CD28 Deficiency Ameliorates Thoracic Blast Exposure-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in the Brain through the PI3K/Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Pathway." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (December 4, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8460290.

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Blast exposure is a worldwide public health concern, but most related research has been focused on direct injury. Thoracic blast exposure-induced neurotrauma is a type of indirect injuries where research is lacking. As CD28 stimulates T cell activation and survival and contributes to inflammation initiation, it may play a role in thoracic blast exposure-induced neurotrauma. However, it has not been investigated. To explore the effects of CD28 on thoracic blast exposure-induced brain injury and its potential molecular mechanisms, a mouse model of thoracic blast exposure-induced brain injury was

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Baker, Monty T., John C. Moring, Willie J. Hale, et al. "Acute Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Traumatic Stress After Exposure to a Deployment-Related Explosive Blast." Military Medicine 183, no. 11-12 (2018): e555-e563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usy100.

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Abstract Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are two of the signature injuries in military service members who have been exposed to explosive blasts during deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan. Acute stress disorder (ASD), which occurs within 2–30 d after trauma exposure, is a more immediate psychological reaction predictive of the later development of PTSD. Most previous studies have evaluated service members after their return from deployment, which is often months or years after the initial blast exposure. The current study is the first large s

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Antonic, Vlado, Venkatasivasaisujith Sajja, Jason Sousa, et al. "Evaluation of Blast Overpressure Exposure Effects on Concentration of Antibiotics in Mice." Military Medicine 185, Supplement_1 (2020): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz212.

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ABSTRACT Objective Infection as sequelae to explosion-related injury is an enduring threat to our troops. There are limited data on the effects of blast on antibiotic pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and efficacy. The observational study presented here is our Institute’s first attempt to address this issue by combining our existing interdepartmental blast, infection modeling, and in vivo PK/PD capabilities and was designed to determine the PK effects of blast on the first-line antibiotic, cefazolin, in an in vivo mouse model. Methods A total of 160 male BALB/c mice were divided to

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Liu, Yunen, Changci Tong, Ying Xu, et al. "CD28 Deficiency Ameliorates Blast Exposure-Induced Lung Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and T Cell Accumulation in the Lungs via the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 Signaling Pathway." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (September 2, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4848560.

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Although CD28 is associated with the expression of inflammatory mediators, apoptosis-related protein, immunosuppression, and tumorigenesis, the effects of CD28 deficiency on blast exposure-induced lung injury have not been investigated. In this study, we have explored the effects of CD28 on blast exposure-induced lung injury and studied its potential molecular mechanisms. A mouse model of blast exposure-induced acute lung injury was established. Sixty C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and CD28 knockout (CD28-/-) mice were randomly divided into control or model groups. Lung tissue samples were collected 2

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Trotter, Benjamin B., Meghan E. Robinson, William P. Milberg, Regina E. McGlinchey, and David H. Salat. "Military blast exposure, ageing and white matter integrity." Brain 138, no. 8 (2015): 2278–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awv139.

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Papesh, Melissa, Frederick Gallun, Robert Folmer, et al. "Effects of blast exposure on central auditory processing." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 136, no. 4 (2014): 2291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4900286.

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Rapp, Paul Ernest. "Quantitative characterization of animal behavior following blast exposure." Cognitive Neurodynamics 1, no. 4 (2007): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11571-007-9027-8.

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Przekwas, Andrzej, Harsha T. Garimella, Z. J. Chen, et al. "Fast-Running Tools for Personalized Monitoring of Blast Exposure in Military Training and Operations." Military Medicine 186, Supplement_1 (2021): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa341.

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ABSTRACT Introduction During training and combat operations, military personnel may be exposed to repetitive low-level blast while using explosives to gain entry or by firing heavy weapon systems such as recoilless weapons and high-caliber sniper rifles. This repeated exposure, even within allowable limits, has been associated with cognitive deficits similar to that of accidental and sports concussion such as delayed verbal memory, visual-spatial memory, and executive function. This article presents a novel framework for accurate calculation of the human body blast exposure in military heavy w

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Ungar, Omer J., Shahaf Shilo, Wengier Anat, Oren Cavel, Ophir Handzel, and Yahav Oron. "Blast-Induced Cholesteatomas After Spontaneous Tympanic Membrane Healing." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 128, no. 12 (2019): 1147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489419865568.

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Objectives: To characterize blast-induced cholesteatomas (BIC) in terms of symptoms, presentation, and location within the middle ear cleft (MEC). Design: A search for all English language articles in “MEDLINE” via “PubMed” and “Google Scholar” was conducted. Results: A total of 67 ears with BIC were included. Fifty-eight ears in which the traumatic perforation failed to spontaneously close were excluded, leaving seven case reports (eight patients, nine ears) for statistical analysis. Time between blast exposure to spontaneous tympanic membrane (TM) closure was 16 days to 10 months. Time betwe

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Schwerin, Susan C., Mitali Chatterjee, Elizabeth B. Hutchinson, et al. "Expression of GFAP and Tau Following Blast Exposure in the Cerebral Cortex of Ferrets." Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology 80, no. 2 (2021): 112–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnen/nlaa157.

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Abstract Blast exposures are a hallmark of contemporary military conflicts. We need improved preclinical models of blast traumatic brain injury for translation of pharmaceutical and therapeutic protocols. Compared with rodents, the ferret brain is larger, has substantial sulci, gyri, a higher white to gray matter ratio, and the hippocampus in a ventral position; these attributes facilitate comparison with the human brain. In this study, ferrets received compressed air shock waves and subsequent evaluation of glia and forms of tau following survival of up to 12 weeks. Immunohistochemistry and W

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Yee, Jonathan, Katelyn Marchany, Mary Alexis Greenan, William C. Walker, and Terri K. Pogoda. "Potential Concussive Event Narratives of Post-9/11 Combat Veterans: Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium Study." Military Medicine 186, Supplement_1 (2021): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa308.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Deployment-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) affects a significant proportion of those who served in Post-9/11 combat operations. The prevalence of head injuries, including those that lead to mTBI, is often reported quantitatively. However, service member (SM) and Veteran firsthand accounts of their potential concussive events (PCEs) and mTBIs can serve as a rich resource for better understanding the nuances and context of these exposures. Materials and Methods Post-9/11 SMs and Veterans with a history of combat deployment were recruited through the Chronic Effec

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Wan Yusoff, Wan Yusmawati, Nur Shafiqa Safee, Ariffin Ismail, Norliza Ismail, Maria Abu Bakar, and Azman Jalar. "The Effect of Blast Exposure Distance on Hardness and Reduced Modulus Properties of Lead-Free Solder." Solid State Phenomena 317 (May 2021): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.317.523.

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This study discussed the effect of blast exposure distance of lead-free solder on micromechanical properties. Sn-Ag-Cu solder samples were exposed to 1000 g of Plastic Explosive. The soldered samples were placed at a distance of 1 m, 2 m and 4 m distance from the blast source. In order to study micromechanical properties in localized and more details, the nanoindentation approach was used. The indentation was performed at the center of the solder to examine the hardness and reduced modulus properties. The load-depth curve of indentation for 1 m distance from the blast source has apparent the d

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Effgen, Gwen B., Tiffany Ong, Shruthi Nammalwar, et al. "Primary Blast Exposure Increases Hippocampal Vulnerability to Subsequent Exposure: Reducing Long-Term Potentiation." Journal of Neurotrauma 33, no. 20 (2016): 1901–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2015.4327.

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Zhu, Yanli, Jeffrey T. Howard, Peter R. Edsall, Ryan B. Morris, Brian J. Lund, and Jeffery M. Cleland. "Blast Exposure Induces Ocular Functional Changes with Increasing Blast Over-pressures in a Rat Model." Current Eye Research 44, no. 7 (2019): 770–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2019.1567791.

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Bryden, Daniel W., Jessica I. Tilghman, and Sidney R. Hinds. "Blast-Related Traumatic Brain Injury: Current Concepts and Research Considerations." Journal of Experimental Neuroscience 13 (January 2019): 117906951987221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179069519872213.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a well-known consequence of participation in activities such as military combat or collision sports. But the wide variability in eliciting circumstances and injury severities makes the study of TBI as a uniform disease state impossible. Military Service members are under additional, unique threats such as exposure to explosive blast and its unique effects on the body. This review is aimed toward TBI researchers, as it covers important concepts and considerations for studying blast-induced head trauma. These include the comparability of blast-induced head trauma

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Shively, Sharon B., and Daniel P. Perl. "Astroglial scarring after blast exposure: unproven causality – Authors' reply." Lancet Neurology 16, no. 1 (2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30336-2.

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Mundie, Thomas G., Kenneth T. Dodd, Michael S. Lagutchik, Jennifer R. Morris, and Dale Martin. "Effects of Blast Exposure on Exercise Performance in Sheep." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 48, no. 6 (2000): 1115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-200006000-00019.

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Chavko, Mikulas, W. Keith Prusaczyk, and Richard M. McCarron. "Lung Injury and Recovery After Exposure to Blast Overpressure." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 61, no. 4 (2006): 933–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000233742.75450.47.

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Yusoff, W. Y. W., N. S. Safee, A. Ismail, M. A. Bakar, and A. Jalar. "Micromechanical Properties of Solder Joint Towards Air Blast Exposure." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1083 (August 2018): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1083/1/012064.

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Watson, Richard, Walt Gray, William E. Sponsel, et al. "Simulations of Porcine Eye Exposure to Primary Blast Insult." Translational Vision Science & Technology 4, no. 4 (2015): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/tvst.4.4.8.

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Yarnell, Angela, Anna Tschiffely, Hyung-Suk Kim, et al. "Moderate Blast Exposure Results in Dysregulated Gene Network Activity." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 99, no. 11 (2018): e169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2018.08.127.

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Hoffman, Jay R., Amitai Zuckerman, Omri Ram, Oren Sadot, and Hagit Cohen. "Changes in Hippocampal Androgen Receptor Density and Behavior in Sprague-Dawley Male Rats Exposed to a Low-Pressure Blast Wave." Brain Plasticity 5, no. 2 (2020): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bpl-200107.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exposure of a low-intensity blast wave on androgen receptor (AR) density in the hippocampus and the potential influence on behavioral and cognitive responses. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either a blast exposed group (n = 27) or an unexposed (control) group (n = 10). Animals were treated identically, except that rats within the control group were not exposed to any of the characteristics of the blast wave. Behavior measures were conducted on day seven post-exposure. The rats were initially assessed in t

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Arun, Peethambaran, Donna M. Wilder, Ondine Eken, et al. "Long-Term Effects of Blast Exposure: A Functional Study in Rats Using an Advanced Blast Simulator." Journal of Neurotrauma 37, no. 4 (2020): 647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2019.6591.

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Choi, Jae Hyek, Whitney A. Greene, Anthony J. Johnson, et al. "Pathophysiology of blast-induced ocular trauma in rats after repeated exposure to low-level blast overpressure." Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology 43, no. 3 (2014): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ceo.12407.

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Harrison, Corey D., Vikhyat S. Bebarta, and Gerald A. Grant. "Tympanic Membrane Perforation After Combat Blast Exposure in Iraq: A Poor Biomarker of Primary Blast Injury." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 67, no. 1 (2009): 210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ta.0b013e3181a5f1db.

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Pan, Lu, Li Chen, Qin Fang, Chaochen Zhai, and Teng Pan. "A modified layered-section method for responses of fire-damaged reinforced concrete beams under static and blast loads." International Journal of Protective Structures 7, no. 4 (2016): 495–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419616658384.

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Reinforced concrete structures are currently under the threat of both fire and blast. The absence of theoretical methods demonstrates a drawback in the assessment of blast-resistant structures after exposure to fire. A modified layered-section method was developed in this article, which was not only able to determine the complete static resistance–deflection curves of fire-damaged reinforced concrete beams but also able to predict the responses of reinforced concrete beams subjected to blast after fire exposure. The high-temperature effects and the strain-rate effects were included in the conc

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Fear, N. T., E. Jones, M. Groom, et al. "Symptoms of post-concussional syndrome are non-specifically related to mild traumatic brain injury in UK Armed Forces personnel on return from deployment in Iraq: an analysis of self-reported data." Psychological Medicine 39, no. 8 (2008): 1379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708004595.

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BackgroundMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is being claimed as the ‘signature’ injury of the Iraq war, and is believed to be the cause of long-term symptomatic ill health (post-concussional syndrome; PCS) in an unknown proportion of military personnel.MethodWe analysed cross-sectional data from a large, randomly selected cohort of UK military personnel deployed to Iraq (n=5869). Two markers of PCS were generated: ‘PCS symptoms’ (indicating the presence of mTBI-related symptoms: none, 1–2, 3+) and ‘PCS symptom severity’ (indicating the presence of mTBI-related symptoms at either a moderate or

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de Riesthal, Michael. "Treatment of Cognitive-Communicative Disorders Following Blast Injury." Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders 19, no. 2 (2009): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/nnsld19.2.58.

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Abstract Purpose: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) following exposure to a blast is the signature injury of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). The purposes of this article are to describe the characteristics of the service members who experience blast injuries, the cognitive-communicative deficits they present, and the role of the speech-language pathologist (SLP) in managing these deficits. Method: Demographic data for the service members who have experienced blast injuries in OIF/OEF are reviewed and reported. The literature on treating cognitive-communicat

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