Relevant bibliographies by topics / Blast Furnace Gas

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Academic literature on the topic 'Blast Furnace Gas'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Blast Furnace Gas"

1

Kassim, D. A., A. K. Tarakanov, V. P. Lyalyuk, P. I. Otorvin, and A. A. Gusev. "Влияние качества агломерата и кокса на технико-экономические показатели доменной плавки." Metallurgicheskaya i gornorudnaya promyshlennost, №4, 2018, no. 4 (August 2018): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33101/s004-0244074.

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Purpose: Compare the results of blast furnace smelting efficiency, when chang-ing the qualitative characteristics of the sinter and coke, and the calculated param-eters of the blowing regime of melting. Methodology: Analysis of technical and economic performance of blast furnaces during periods of work on the agglomerate with different metallurgical characteris-tics and different diameter of the tuyeres. Findings: The experience of blast furnaces with a volume of 2,700 and 2,000 m3 confirmed a known fact of the dependence of furnace efficiency and coke consump-tion not only through the quality of charge materials, but also through the distribu-tion of the gas flow along the furnace section. Originality: The technological analysis of the results of the operation of blast furnaces with the volume of 2700 and 2000 m3 with a change of the quality of the sinter and pellets in combination with the change of the blowing regime parame-ters was performed. On the basis of the performed analysis, it was confirmed the expediency of increasing the gas permeability of the charge by improving the quali-ty of the raw materials while increasing the total mechanical energy of the com-bined gas-blast and hearth-gas, which are responsible for the length of the com-bustion zone and the depth of penetration of the gas flow to the center of the blast furnace. Practical value: Alternation of tuyeres of different diameters along with the im-provement of the quality characteristics of charge materials, additionally contrib-utes to the enhancement of the positive effect due to the expansion of the combus-tion zones in the furnace hearth. And if in this case the total mechanical energy of the mountain gas rises and the depth of penetration of the furnace gas to the fur-nace axis increases, the effect of using high-quality raw materials can be maxim-ized. Keywords: agglomerate, coke, blowing, tuyeres, gas permeability, quality, total energy.
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Mirkovic, Tatjana, Hauke Bartusch, Pavel Ivashechkin, and Thorsten Hauck. "Monitoring the Blast furnace working state by a combination of innovative measurement techniques." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 27, no. 4 (December 21, 2021): 411–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/757.

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At blast furnace B at Salzgitter Flachstahl a series of innovative measuring techniques are installed to monitor the processes at the blast furnace top, making this furnace one of the best equipped furnaces in Europe. These techniques comprise full 2D measurement of the temperature profile of the top gas shortly above the burden surface, 3D radar scan of the whole burden surface and online measurement of the dust concentration in the top gas. After more than 5 years’ experience with most of these techniques, they enable to better understand the complex chemical and physical interrelations occurring in the BF stack between the ascending process gas and the descending solid burden. A couple of examples of incidents that were monitored are presented in this article, including influences of charging programmes on top gas temperature profiles and influences of disturbed gas solids interaction on the BF working state. The new measuring techniques with tailor-made data processing enable the operators to gain a better picture of the processes currently occurring in the blast furnace, consequently supporting them in keeping the blast furnace operation as stable and efficient as possible.
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Hu, Bin Sheng, Yong Liang Gui, Hua Lou Guo, and Chun Yan Song. "Behaviors of Chlorine in Smelting Process of Blast Furnace." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.152.

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The existence forms of chlorine entered into blast furnace are chloride created by Cl- and metal cation or organic speciation absorbed in specular coal or structure macromolecule of coal. The chlorine entered into blast furnace merges with blast furnace gas in the form of HCl after conducted a series of chemical reactions. With the increasing of HCl content in blast furnace gas, the coke reactivity decreases and the coke post reaction strength increases, and the reduction process of iron ore is restrained and the low temperature reduction degradation property increases. However, the corrosion of gas pipeline and TRT blade is aggravated by the HCl in blast furnace gas, and then blast furnace gas conveying process and normal operation of TRT unit are affected.
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Golovchenko, Anatoliy, Roman Dychkovskyi, Yuliya Pazynich, Cáceres Cabana Edgar, Natalia Howaniec, Bartłomiej Jura, and Adam Smolinski. "Some Aspects of the Control for the Radial Distribution of Burden Material and Gas Flow in the Blast Furnace." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040923.

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The paper presents an experimental study on the formation process of burden surface texture on the blast furnace throat and its influence on the radial distribution of gas flow. The study was performed with the application of blast furnaces equipped with a bell-type charging device using radio-isotope means for the control of burden surface texture (profile) and burden surface level, i.e., gamma locators for burden surface texture. The study was carried out under the conditions of an operating blast furnace in an iron and steel plant using a unique GEOTAPS system for automated control of geometric and temperature parameters of burden material surface on the blast furnace throat. The influence of the surface texture on the gas flow distribution was also investigated. The possibility of a self-stabilization effect for burden surface texture and gas flow in an operating blast furnace under suitable conditions was experimentally proven. As a result of the experimental study performed, four ways of energy-saving technology implementation were determined for the control of blast furnace melting based on the data on the burden surface texture and previously unknown regularities of surface layer formation of burden material on the throat of an operating blast furnace with a bell-type charging device. The main idea of the paper is the development of automated control for the radial distribution of burden material and gas flow using actual or predicted surface texture parameters as important intermediate factors that both describe the process and have a significant simultaneous influence on it.
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Spirin, Nikolay, Oleg Onorin, and Alexander Istomin. "Prediction of Blast Furnace Thermal State in Real-Time Operation." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.518.

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The paper gives a general description of the dynamic model of the blast-furnace process that enables to calculate transition processes of the blast furnace thermal state, evaluated by the content of silicon in hot metal. It provides calculation results of the transition processes to be subjected to changes in control actions: ore load from the top and oxygen concentration in blast, natural gas flow rate and hot blast temperature from the bottom. Specific features of these transition processes during blast-furnace smelting are analyzed. The paper shows that the dynamic characteristics of blast furnaces change are subjected to control actions and depend significantly on properties of melted raw materials and operating parameters of blast furnaces. The oscillatory transition process in the blast furnace is observed in the case after disturbance it has an opposite influence on the thermal state of the lower and uppers stages of heat exchange. The paper presents prediction results of the silicon content in hot metal. It gives practical recommendations for selection of control actions.
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Rogozhnikov, S. P., and I. S. Rogozhnikov. "Effect of the natural gas hydrogen on variation of the heat and reducing processes along the blast furnace radius." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-1-41-49.

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The expenses for the blast furnace coke are one of most significant part of the hot metal cost. To save the coke, various technologies are used, capable to replace the coke by cheaper additional fuel (AF), in particular by natural gas (NG). The injection of considerable volumes of NG results in an increase of hydrogen share in the blast furnace gases and in a significant variation in the blast furnace technology. Study of peculiarities of such variations is necessary to use the NG more effectively. Based on the mathematical model of the blast furnace process, estimation of the effect of natural gas hydrogen on changes in the heat and reducing processes along the blast furnace radius was accomplished. A formula was elaborated, confirmed by practice, for calculating the degree of hydrogen usage ηН2 along the radius of the furnace. It was determined, that the reducing action of hydrogen along the furnace radius takes place unevenly –decreasing from the periphery to the axial zone of the blast furnace. To estimate the quantitative relations of the reducing action of hydrogen, parameters of the PAO “MMK” and PAO “ArcelorMittal Krivoy Rog” blast furnaces for a long period of operation were analyzed. It was determined, that in the axial and intermediate zones of a blast furnace, values of criterion RН2, designating the oxygen share in the burden removed by hydrogen, are in the range of 0.11–0.16 and weakly depend on the NG consumption. In the peripheral zone near the walls, the value of R Н 2 sharply increases to 0.22–0.27. In this zone of the blast furnace the quantity the burden oxygen, removed by hydrogen, accounts for 80–85%. Therefore, hydrogen accomplished the heat and reducing processes mainly in the peripheral zone of the furnace. At the NG consumption increase, the ore load should be increased for the peripheral zone, near the walls individually accounting hydrogen action along the furnace radius. This will make possible to increase the degree of hydrogen usage and decrease the coke consumption.
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Sibagatullin, Salavat K., Aleksandr S. Kharchenko, and Marina V. Potapova. "Neural Network Modeling of Coefficient of Burden Resistance to the Gas Movement in the Lower Part of the Blast Furnace in Conditions of Operation with Coke Nut." Materials Science Forum 870 (September 2016): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.870.487.

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A mathematical model based on the use of artificial neural networks for forecast of resistance coefficient of burden to the gas at the bottom of the blast furnace with using of coke nut by processing of data array for the OJSC "MMK" blast furnaces (capacity of 1370 m3), equipped with a chute-type bell-less charging device has been created. This test has shown the adequacy of the model to real data. Influence of such factors as characteristics of blast (oxygen content, temperature, natural gas and water steam consumption), iron ore (raw material consumption per time unit, FeO, MgO, Al2O3 content, fraction, basicity), coke (wearability (M10), impact strength (M25), coke strength reactivity (CSR), coke reactivity index (CRI)) on gas dynamics variation at the lower part of the black furnace have been determined. Average relative prediction error does not exceed 0.28 %, the maximum of the sample is 2.82 %. The oxygen content in the blast has the biggest effect on the burden resistance coefficient. When oxygen concentration is more than 25.2 %, the increase of natural gas consumption improves gas-dynamic conditions in the lower part of blast furnace. With the decrease of oxygen content in the blast, the influence of natural gas consumption on coefficient of burden resistance varies in the opposite direction. The reduction of coke wearability (M10) by 0.05 % abs. or the increase of coke strength reactivity (CSR) by 0.14 % abs. has compensated negative effect of coke nut (consumption 4 kg/t of iron) on blast furnace operation.
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Spirin, N. A., O. P. Onorin, A. S. Istomin, and I. A. Gurin. "Study of transient processes in a blast furnace based on the heat exchange scheme analysis." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, no. 2 (March 19, 2020): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-2-132-138.

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A blast furnace is a complicated metallurgical facility, which is characterized by considerable delay and inertia in the flow of heat and mass exchange. Therefore, the analysis of transient processes based on modern ideas about heat transfer is an important issue in solving technological problems of blast furnace smelting managing. A two-stage heat transfer scheme along the height of a blast furnace of modern technology presented. When studying the thermal state of a blast furnace as a control object, it is advisable to divide it into two thermal zones - the upper zone and the lower zone. The border between the zones is located in the upper part of the mixed reduction region, between the start level of coke carbon gasification and the horizon below which iron oxides are directly reduced. It was shown, that the upper and lower thermal zones have fundamental differences in heat exchange conditions and are interconnected through the index of iron direct reduction degree. The transient processes of silicon variation in the hot metal studied at variation of iron ore load, natural gas flow rate, temperature and humidity of the hot blast, oxygen content in the hot blast and slag basicity. It was shown that the oscillatory transition process is observed in case, after applying the perturbation, it will have the opposite effect on the thermal conditions of the lower and the upper stages of heat exchange in the blast furnace. The iron ore load, hot blast humidity and slag basicity were found to be the most predictable input parameters affecting the concentration of silicon in hot metal. Change in oxygen concentration in hot blast and natural gas consumption have an alternating character of influence on thermal conditions of the blast-furnace hearth. At that, the characteristics of the transient processes of blast furnaces through various channels of action vary and depend significantly on the properties of the smelted raw materials, design and operational parameters of the furnaces
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Meng, Jia Le, Hui Qing Tang, and Zhan Cheng Guo. "Comprehensive Mathematical Model of Full Oxygen Blast Furnace with Top Recycle Gas Heated by Gasifier." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.356.

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A comprehensive mathematical model of full oxygen blast furnace with top recycle gas heated by gasifier was established. The model consists of the calculation equations for gas composition of four zones (hearth, belly, lower shaft, top) in the blast furnace, the thermo-chemical balance model of blast furnace, the energy balance model of hot stand-by zone of blast furnace, the shaft efficiency model of blast furnace, the calculation equations for gas composition of gasifier and the thermo-chemical balance model of gasifier. By using this model, the new process was calculated. The results show that coke rate and coal rate of the new process are 200 kg/thm and 190 kg/thm respectively, fuel rate is decreased by 24.7% compared with that of conventional blast furnace. In addition, theoretical combustion temperature decreases with increasing hearth-recycle gas quantity. Increasing of hearth-recycle gas quantity by 10 m3/thm decreases theoretical combustion temperature by 11.6 K. Furthermore, the model could be applied to calculate the operating parameters when the raw materials and fuel conditions are different, and the changing laws of operating parameters under the same raw materials and fuel conditions could also be studied with this model.
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Karakash, Y., and T. Baranova. "Basic areas of the secondary energy resources use in the blast-furnace ironmaking and application of heat pumps." Modern Problems of Metalurgy 1, no. 21 (March 16, 2018): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/1991-7848.2018.01.02.

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Under the present-day conditions of blast-furnace shop operation, the use of low-potential SERs seems to be the most promising measure with regard to reduction of cast-iron production cost. Proposed measures on improvement of blast-furnace gas calorific power due to the reduction of its moisture content allow the blast-furnace air temperature increase and coke consumption reduction. Also proposed is partial transfer of excess heat from the blast-furnace gas to combustion air by means of the system of heat pumps, which allows increase in calorimetric combustion temperature.In this paper, main parameters are calculated of the heat pump system operation under the conditions of blast-furnace shop at the increased top gas temperature. This paper presents heat pump system operating efficiency and determines conversion factor for the specific conditions (COP).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Blast Furnace Gas"

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Edmundson, J. T. "Energy savings by co-distribution of basic oxygen furnace gas with blast furnace gas." Thesis, Swansea University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636767.

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Hellberg, Per. "A Model of Gas Injection into a Blast Furnace Tuyere /." Stockholm : Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-525.

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Jampani, Megha. "Increased Use of Natural Gas in Blast Furnace Iron-Making." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/851.

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Steelmaking is a highly carbon intensive process. Most of the CO2 emissions in steelmaking are from the blast furnace. Coke has been the major reductant used in a blast furnace since 1750. The recent boom in the US energy outputs due to shale rock formations has motivated the need to look at natural gas as a partial replacement for coke in a blast furnace. During the course of this project, the impact of higher natural gas utilization has been studied in detail. Theoretical models suggesting the injection of natural gas as a viable method to replace coke partially have been used. These theoretical claims have then been tested experimentally and the results have been discussed. The experimental work described includes reduction of hematite to wüstite, followed by the study of interaction of natural gas with a bed of iron pellets replicating the wüstite reserve zone of a blast furnace. Furthermore, the reforming of methane over metallic iron pellets was investigated and these reactions were tested under blast furnace conditions. Mass and energy balance calculations, along with experimental results were used to support the proposed shaft injection of natural gas.
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Lundgren, Maria. "Blast furnace coke properties and the influence on off-gas dust." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Industriell miljö- och processteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18007.

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In blast furnace ironmaking, efforts are made to decrease the coke consumption mainly by increasing the pulverized coal injection rate. This will cause changes in in-furnace reduction conditions, burden distribution and demands on raw material strength, etc. In order to maintain stable operation and minimize material losses through the off-gas, it is important to understand fines generation and behaviour in the blast furnace. The strength and reactivity of coke at high temperature, measured by the Coke Strength after Reaction (CSR) and Coke Reactivity Index (CRI), have been studied. Mechanisms of disintegration were evaluated using basket samples charged into the LKAB Experimental Blast Furnace (EBF) prior to quenching and dissection. Coke charged into basket samples was analysed with CSR/CRI tests and compared with treated coke from the blast furnace. Results from tumbling tests, chemical analyses of coarse and fine material, as well as Light Optical Microscope (LOM) studies of original and treated coke have been combined and evaluated. The results indicate a correlation between the ash composition and CSR values. Differences in the texture of the coke were determined with LOM, and a change in the coke texture during the CSR/CRI test conditions was found. The results suggest that the main reaction between coke and CO2 during the solution loss reaction took place in isotropic areas, which was especially pronounced in coke with a low CSR. Signs of degradation were apparent throughout the coke pieces that have undergone CSR/CRI testing, but were less observable in coke reacted in the blast furnace. The results indicate that the solution loss reaction was generally limited by the chemical reaction rate in the CSR/CRI test, while in the blast furnace the reaction is limited by the diffusion rate. Coke degradation is therefore mostly restricted to the coke surface in the blast furnace. At a later EBF campaign, off-gas dust and shaft fines were sampled during operation with different iron-bearing materials. EBF process data were used to evaluate the relationship between off-gas dust amounts and furnace conditions. Characterization was focused on fines from coke, iron-bearing materials and slag formers. The graphitization degree (Lc value) of coke taken out of the EBF shaft and coke in flue dust was determined in order to trace the fines generation position. The results showed that flue dust, mainly <0.5 mm, was mechanically formed and created in the same manner for all investigated samples. Carbon-containing particles dominated in the fractions >0.075 mm and consisted mainly of coke particles originating from the shaft. Solution loss in the shaft had a negligible effect on coke degradation and the coke particles which ended up in the flue dust were mainly derived from abrasion at low temperatures. Sludge consisted mainly of chemically formed spherical particles <1μm formed in the blast furnace high-temperature area and then precipitated from the ascending gas as the temperature decreased. The amount of alkali and SiO2 in sludge increased with higher pulverized coal injection rates and flame temperatures, which confirmed that submicron spherical particles in sludge originated from the high-temperature area around the raceway. Theoretical critical particle diameters of materials, which could be blown out with the off-gas, were estimated. Flow conditions in the top of the shaft as well as the properties of fine particles in terms of size and density are important when outflow of mechanical dust, such as flue dust, is concerned. Low off-gas temperatures, and thus lower off-gas velocities, are desirable for blast furnace operation with low amounts of flue dust.

Godkänd; 2010; 20100504 (lunmar); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämnesområde: Processmetallurgi/Process Metallurgy Examinator: Professor Bo Björkman, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Docent Bo Lindblom, LKAB Tid: Tisdag den 8 juni 2010 kl 13.00 Plats: F531, Luleå tekniska universitet

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Dong, Xuefeng Materials Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Science UNSW. "Modelling of gas-powder-liquid-solid multiphase flow in a blast furnace." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Materials Science and Engineering, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20808.

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The ironmaking blast furnace (BF) is a complex reaction vessel involving counter-, coand/ or cross-current flows of gas, powder, liquid, and solids. However, the interactions of these multiphase flows have not been completely understood. The objective of this thesis is to develop a suitable model to simulate the powder flow and accumulation in packed beds and then extend it to numerically investigate the multiphase flow in the furnace. Gas-powder flow in a slot type packed bed has been experimentally studied in order to understand the flow and accumulation behaviour of powder in systems like an ironmaking blast furnace. A variety of variables including gas flowrate, powder flowrate and packing properties have been taken into consideration. It is found that a clear and stable accumulation region can form in the low gas-powder velocity zone at the bottom of the bed. The accumulation region is stable and shows strong hysteresis. The distribution of softening-melting layers in the blast furnace known as the cohesive zone (CZ) is modelled by inserting solid blocks into the bed. The results indicate that the inverse-V cohesive zone shape leads to low powder accumulation within the CZ and at the corner of the bed. A mathematical model is proposed to describe gas-powder flow in a bed packed with particles. The model is the same as the two fluid model developed on the basis of the space-averaged theorem in terms of the governing equations but extended to consider the interactions between gas, powder and packed particles, as well as the static and dynamic holdups of powder. In particular, a method is proposed to determine the boundary between dynamic and stagnant zones with respect to powder phase, i.e. the profile of the powder accumulation zone. The validity of numerical modelling is examined by comparing the predicted and measured distributions of powder flow and accumulation under various flow conditions. With high PCI rate operations, a large quantity of unburned coal/char fines flow together with the gas into the blast furnace. Under some operating conditions, the holdup of fines results in deterioration of furnace permeability and lower production efficiency. Therefore, the proposed model is applied to simulate the powder (unburnt coal/char) flow and accumulation inside the blast furnace when operating with different cohesive zone (CZ) shapes. The results indicate that powder is likely to accumulate at the lower part of W-shaped CZs and the upper part of V- and inverse V-shaped CZs. In addition, for the same CZ shape, a thick cohesive layer can lead to a large pressure drop while the resistance of narrow cohesive layers to gas-powder flow is found to be relatively small. Gas-powder flow in moving beds of solid particles has been numerically investigated, under conditions related to the ironmaking blast furnace and high rate pulverized coal injection. A new correlation, which is formulated to describe static powder holdup in a moving packed bed, is incorporated into the previous mathematical model and applied to a description of gas-powder flow in a blast furnace. Compared with the results of fixed beds, the results show that the solids descent due to the consumption of ore, coke and unburnt char in various regions, together with the non-uniform structural distribution, significantly affects powder flow and accumulation in a blast furnace. Finally, liquid flow is simulated through force balance approach and numerical results are compared with the different liquid inlet distribution under the iron-making blast furnace conditions with gas flow. The results show that the effect of inlet distribution on liquid flow is significant in the upper part of coke region in BF and possible loading and dry zone can be numerically identified. Then, this part of work is incorporated to the developed gas-powder-solid modelling system to investigate the influence of liquid phase on other phases flow in the blast furnace although heat transfer and chemistry are not considered in the model.
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Bennet, D. A. "Gas flow in layered porous media with particular reference to the iron blast furnace." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233401.

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Carlsson, Joel. "Alkali Circulation in the Blast Furnace - Process Correlations and Counter Measures." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Industriell miljö- och processteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-70664.

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In blast furnace ironmaking one major challenge is to control and measure the alkalis circulating and accumulating in the blast furnace (BF). Alkali enter the BF with the primary raw material and will form a cycle where it is first reduced to metal at the lower parts forming gas. Alkali then follows the gas flow up where it oxidizes and solidies as the oxide form has a higher melting and volatilization temperature. Condensation then occurs on burden material and in their pores and by that it is following the burden downwards. The circular nature of the reactions leads to a build-up of alkali in the form of potassium in the BF that is hard to control or measure. Condensation of alkali compounds can also occur on the BF walls functioning like a glue to which particles attach, forming scaffolds that can rapidly increase and disturb the burden descent. The increased alkali catalyzes gasication of coke with CO2 that increasescoke consumption and leads to disintegration of coke. A common method today to control alkali is by varying the basicity in the BF. As lower basicity increases the amount alkali removed through slag while at the same time reducing the amount of sulfur that can be removed with the slag. This project was divided into two parts. The first part was a continuation of a previous study performed at Swerea MEFOS. Where to control the effect of alkali on coke gasication a method was tested using coke ash modication to inhibit the catalyzing properties of alkali bound on coke. The method has previously shown that alkalis are bound in the desired form but the added amount was not sufficient for inhibition of all picked-up alkalis. In this study, additional trials with higher additions of kaolin was performed. 2 wt% kaolin was added to the coal blend for producing coke that was then added to LKAB's experimental blast furnace (EBF) as basket samples in the end of a campaign. The excavated samples were analyzed using XRF, XRD, SEM-EDS and TGA to find if the alkali was bound in aluminum silicates in the coke ash, if the addition was sufficient for binding all alkalis and if the catalytic effect in coke gasication had been achieved. The second part was a novel approach with a statistical process analysis using SIMCA to connect top gas composition of SSAB Oxelösund's BF No. 4 to alkali content using process data. The approach investigated the correlation between NH3(g) and HCN(g) in the top gas to alkali content. Expanding on the possibility to measure alkali content quickly for the operators using top gas measurements. Top gas composition was measured using a mass spectrometer (MS) and where complimented with process and tap data provided by SSAB. Data was analyzed using the multivariate analysis tool SIMCA 15 to find possible correlations. Results from the first part showed that the alkali that was found was present as alkali aluminum silicates independent of kaolin addition after the EBF. As temperature along gas composition was the main factors behind alkali uptake in coke. Main differences in alkali uptake and development of coke properties in the BF was linked to the temperature and gas composition profile during tests campaigns compared. Results from TGA showed that the reaction rate of coke with CO2 increases with increasing K2O and that start of reaction was lower with increasing alkali. The results from the second approach did not find a correlation between HCN(g) and K2O in slag. Positive correlation could be seen between HCN(g) and increased SiO2 in slag and that H2O(g) would affect HCN(g) negatively.
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Zhou, Zongyan Materials Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Science UNSW. "Mathematical modelling of gas-solid flow and thermal behaviour in an ironmaking blast furnace." Awarded by:University of New South Wales, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/35214.

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The ironmaking blast furnace (BF) remains the most significant and important process for the production of liquid iron. For the achievement of stable furnace operation and good performance, mathematical modellings at different levels increasingly become a powerful tool in developing better understanding of this multiphase flow system, in particular the gas-solid flow. This thesis represents an effort in this area. A simplified and continuum-based mathematical model is proposed and tested to predict the BF gas-solid flow at a macroscopic level. The results show that the simple model is able to predict the general features of the solid flow, including the effects of gas and solid flowrates, and materials properties. The simplified model can be readily implemented in a full process model that needs to have a quick response to change for the purpose of control and optimization. To overcome the difficulties encountered in continuum modelling, i.e. determination of constitutive correlations, and particularly the description of the stagnant zone when related to BF, a discrete model based on the coupling approach of discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is then employed to investigate the gas-solid flow in a model BF at a microscopic level. The results confirm the effects of variables such as gas flow rate, solid flow rate, particle properties, and model types. More importantly, such an approach can generate abundant microscopic information such as flow structure (particle velocity, porosity, coordination number) and force structure, which are of paramount importance to elucidate the gas-solid flow mechanisms, and develop a more comprehensive understanding of BF gas-solid flow, such as the formation mechanism of the stagnant zone. Further, the transient gas-solid flow phenomena, together with the considerations of cohesive zones and hearth liquid, can be predicted. Further, in order to develop understanding of thermal behaviour and elucidate the heat transfer mechanisms occurring in particle-fluid flow system, a new model is proposed by extending the DEM-CFD, and then tested in gas fluidization. The model considers the three heat transfer modes, and demonstrates its ability in investigating the heat transfer mechanisms, and offers an effective method to elucidate the mechanisms governing the heat transfer in particle-fluid systems at a particle scale. It is recommended to apply to the study of BF thermal behaviour.
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Wassie, Shimelis. "Redesign of a pin-on-disc tribometer focusing on blast furnace off-gas dust." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168716.

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Vid järnframställning försöker man minska materialspill i avgasstoft från masugnar. Järnmalm och koksmaterial blåses ut från masugnen i form av avgasstoft. För att minska materialförlusterna i form av dammbildning är det viktigt att förstå mekanismerna bakom dammbildningen och beteendet i masugnen. En masugn i drift är i allmänhet en kaotisk miljö där det är svårt att genomföra experiment. Av denna anledning är försök i en kontrollerad laboratoriemiljö att föredra.Möjligheten att bygga en testutrustning i laboratorieskala för att studera bildningen av och beteendet hos avgasstoft har utretts. Studier av masugnsdrift visar att mekanisk dammbildning står för en stor del av avfallet. Denna dammbildning sker i den övre axeln av masugnen där temperaturen är relativt låg. Damm bildas genom mekaniskt slitage av material på grund av en kombination av materialets tyngd och rotation. Ett stift på tribometerskivan har fått ny utformning för att kunna imitera den mekaniska dammbildningen i en masugn. Delar av tribometern gjordes om och andra nya delar utformades med hjälp av CAD-verktyg och tillverkades och monterades sedan. En elektrisk motor används för att skapa rotation av pelletarna och en trycksatt luft tillförs på ett kontrollerat sätt för att imitera den heta tryckvågen i masugnen. Systemet belastas med en statisk vikt via en hävarm för att imitera tyngden i masugnen. Det fina dammet som blåser ut ur testutrustningen samlas in och analyseras med in inbyggd partikelmätare. Friktionsvärden som uppstår mellan pellets och mellan pellets och vägg loggas med hjälp av ett DAQ-system. Vid en verifierande provning, som utfördes efter att systemen satts samman, var friktionskraften mellan pellets och vägg 4N. Detta konstaterades med hjälp av en 200N statisk belastning och en motor med en rotationsfrekvens på 5Hz. på grund av felaktig lastcell och en felaktigt monterad slang, kan friktion mellan pellets och partikelstorleksdata från partikelräknare i dagsläget inte presenteras.
In blast furnace ironmaking, efforts are made to decrease material waste due to off-gas dust. Iron ore and coke materials are blown out of the blast furnace in the form of off-gas dust. In order to decrease material losses through off-gas dust formation, it is important to understand off-gas dust formation and behaviour in the blast furnace. A blast furnace operation generally being a chaotic environment is often difficult to conduct experiments while in operation. For this reason, a laboratory scale imitation of a blast furnace with similar basic properties is usually used to conduct experiments.The possibility of building a laboratory scale test equipment to study the formation and behaviour of off-gas dust has been studied. A through study of blast furnace operation shows mechanical dust formation accounts for much of the waste due to fines generation. This dust formation occurs in the upper shaft of the blast furnace where the temperature is low. Mechanical dust is formed through mechanical wear of material due to burden decent and rotation.A pin on disc tribometer has been re-designed to be able to imitate blast furnace mechanical dust formation. Parts of the tribometer were remodelled or redesigned and other new parts were designed using CAD software and then manufactured and assembled to give a laboratory test equipment. An electric motor is used to generate the rotation of the pellets and a pressured air is supplied in a controlled manner to imitate the hot blast in the blast furnace. The system is loaded using dead weight via a lever arm to imitate the burden weight in the blast furnace. The fine dust that blows out of the equipment is designed to be collected and measured by a particle sizer device that is incorporated in the equipment. The friction values that arise from pellet/pellet and pellet/wall friction are recorded and logged using a DAQ system.At a partial demonstration made after the systems are assembled, the friction value between pellets and wall was found to be 4N. This was found using a 200N load and a motor rotational frequency of 5Hz. Although the equipment is fully functional, pellet/pellet friction value and particle size data from particle counter could not be found presented due to faulty load cell and tube fitting respectively.
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Pavlík, Marek. "Kotel na spoluspalování plynů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401494.

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This thesis deals with the design of a co-combustion gas boiler for coal gas and blast furnace gas mixture. The calculation includes stoichiometry, determinination of the boiler efficiency, steam production rate and heating surfaces sizing. This thesis also includes technical documentation of designed gas boiler. The calculation of the boiler meets the values specified by the scripts and also by documentation from PBS. The boiler was designed for 113.9 MW and 93.77 % efficiency.
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Books on the topic "Blast Furnace Gas"

1

Klempert, V. M. Kontrolʹ i upravlenie gazoraspredeleniem domennoĭ pechi. Moskva: "Metallurgii͡a︡", 1993.

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Tarasov, V. P. Gazodinamika domennogo prot͡s︡essa. 2nd ed. Moskva: "Metallurgii͡a︡", 1990.

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Synthesis Gas Production in the Blast Furnace: Feasibility Study (Energy). European Communities / Union (EUR-OP/OOPEC/OPOCE), 1987.

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Synthesis gas production in the blast furnace: Feasibility study : demonstration project. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1987.

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Lyalyuk, Vitalii. Theoretical foundations of fuel combustion processes and gas dynamics of blast-furnace smelting. OKTAN PRINT, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46489/l0142019op2020.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Blast Furnace Sinter from Ore, Flue Dust, Blast Furnace Gas and Other Materials Made in Steel Mills Excluding Ferroalloys. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Blast Furnace Sinter from Ore, Flue Dust, Blast Furnace Gas and Other Materials Made in Steel Mills Excluding Ferroalloys. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Bennett, David A. Gas flow in layered porous media with particular reference to the iron blast furnace. 1989.

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Vitalii, Lyalyuk. Analysis and clarification of the theoretical foundations of the processes combustion of fuel and movement of gas flow in a blast furnace. OKTAN PRINT, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46489/l0012018op2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Blast Furnace Gas"

1

Pistorius, P. Chris, Jorge Gibson, and Megha Jampani. "Natural Gas Utilization in Blast Furnace Ironmaking: Tuyère Injection, Shaft Injection and Prereduction." In Applications of Process Engineering Principles in Materials Processing, Energy and Environmental Technologies, 283–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51091-0_26.

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Goto, K., S. Kodama, H. Okabe, and Y. Fujioka. "Energy Performance of New Amine-Based Solvents for CO2Capture from Blast Furnace Gas." In ACS Symposium Series, 317–31. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2012-1097.ch017.

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Zhang, Junhong, Qinghai Pang, Zhijun He, Chen Tian, and Tingfeng Wu. "Treatment of Blast Furnace Gas Washing Water by Utilization of Coagulation Associated with Microwave." In Applications of Process Engineering Principles in Materials Processing, Energy and Environmental Technologies, 555–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51091-0_55.

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Xu, Wenxuan, Shusen Cheng, and Guolei Zhao. "Investigation and Application of Evaluation System of Stock Surface Gas Flow Distribution in Blast Furnace." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 735–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51340-9_71.

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Wu, Xiaoyang, Sen Zhang, Xiaoli Su, and Yixin Yin. "The Improved Regularized Extreme Learning Machine for the Estimation of Gas Flow Temperature of Blast Furnace." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 292–300. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9682-4_30.

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Peng, Xing, Jingsong Wang, Zhiyao Li, Haibin Zuo, Xuefeng She, Guang Wang, and Qingguo Xue. "Effect of the Injection Angle of Reducing Gas on Coal Flow and Combustion in a 50% Oxygen Blast Furnace." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 297–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92388-4_26.

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Liu, Yuncai. "The Structure of Stock Column and the Control of Gas Distribution." In The Operation of Contemporary Blast Furnaces, 51–109. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7074-2_3.

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Terpstra, Marten. "Gas turbine parts, engine parts, machine tools, parts of blast furnaces and various steel foundry equipment and other applications." In Materials for Refractories and Ceramics, 214–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4325-4_21.

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"Natural Gas Enthalpy." In Blast Furnace Ironmaking, 721–22. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814227-1.00087-7.

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Cameron, Ian, Mitren Sukhram, Kyle Lefebvre, and William Davenport. "Top Gas Temperature Calculation." In Blast Furnace Ironmaking, 205–11. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814227-1.00022-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Blast Furnace Gas"

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Bai, Xue, Liqiang Wang, and Yunze Huang. "Review on the development of blast furnace condition identification based on blast furnace gas flow distribution." In AIAM2021: 2021 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Manufacture. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3495018.3501109.

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Horwood, R., and R. Mawer. "The Evolution of Blast Furnace Gas Cleaning Technologies." In AISTech2019. AIST, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/377/034.

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Liu, Yansong, and Jürg Schmidli. "Experiments With a Gas Turbine Model Combustor Firing Blast-Furnace Gas." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-052.

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On-site atmospheric experiments using a one-fifth-scale model combustor of the ABB gas turbine type 11N2-LBtu have been recently carried out at the Kawasaki Steel Works in Mizushima, Japan. A diffusion type burner of special design was used to match the extremely low heating value (2360 kJ/kg) and the high stoichiometric fuel/air ratio (1.6 kg/kg) of the Blast-Furnace Gas (BFG). Except for pressure, all burner inlet conditions were simulated as in the actual gas turbine. The burner demonstrated an excellent burning stability behaviour over the entire operation range and stably burned pure BFG down to an equivalence ratio of 0.25, without any supplementary fuel. Due to the low adiabatic flame temperature and slow kinetics, approximately 1 ppm NOx was measured in the exhaust gas. The chemical kinetics of NOx production and CO burnout were also calculated using a chemical kinetics code and reasonable agreement with the experimental results was obtained. In dual-fuel operation (BFG with oil, propane, or coke-oven gas) the burner also demonstrated a wide flame stability range.
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Zhao, Xiaoshan, Ketai He, Lan Yang, and Zhimin lv. "The model of prediction of Blast Furnace Gas Output." In 2014 IEEE 9th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2014.6931404.

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Gu, Mingyan, and Jiaxin Li. "Study of Co-Injection of Natural Gas and Pulverized Coal in Blast Furnace Under Pure Oxygen Environment." In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56256.

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Using pure oxygen in blast furnace is a developing method in blast furnace in order to lower the emission of waste gases. Numerical simulation has been applied to analyze the combustion process of co-injection of natural gas (NG) and pulverized coal (PC) in a blast furnace while the blast is pure oxygen gas. The effect of injection NG and blast flow rate on the coal and coke combustion processes is examined. The predicted results provide a better understanding of reactions inside blast furnace.
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Davidi, C., J. Quick, and J. Kuffer. "Modern Blast Furnace Top Gas Cleaning: Wet Separation Improvements at U. S. Steel – Great Lakes Works B2 Blast Furnace." In AISTech 2020. AIST, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/380/042.

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Davidi, C., J. Kuffer, and J. Quick. "Modern Blast Furnace Top Gas Cleaning: Wet Separation Improvements at U. S. Steel – Great Lakes Works B2 Blast Furnace." In AISTech 2021. AIST, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/382/109-10212-023.

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Davidi, C., J. Kuffer, and J. Quick. "Modern Blast Furnace Top Gas Cleaning: Wet Separation Improvements at U. S. Steel – Great Lakes Works B2 Blast Furnace." In AISTech 2021. AIST, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/382/009.

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Liu, Yongqi, Yanxia Wang, Haifeng Wang, and Ping Li. "Experimental Investigations on Combustion Characteristics of the Blast Furnace Gas." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5162815.

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Chu, M., Z. Liu, and J. Tang. "Mathematical Simulation of Blast Furnace Operation With Natural Gas Injection." In SteelSim 2019. AIST, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/503/012.

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Reports on the topic "Blast Furnace Gas"

1

Seaman, John. Recovery Act: ArcelorMittal USA Blast Furnace Gas Flare Capture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1082429.

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Dr. Chenn Zhou. Minimization of Blast furnace Fuel Rate by Optimizing Burden and Gas Distribution. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1053052.

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