Academic literature on the topic 'Blast furnace granulated slag'

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Journal articles on the topic "Blast furnace granulated slag"

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Wang, Hui, Su Ping Cui, and Ya Li Wang. "Influence of Process Conditions on the Structure and Hydraulic Activity of Air-Cooling Blast Furnace Slag." Materials Science Forum 814 (March 2015): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.814.476.

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Using the industrial limestone, fly ash and pure chemical reagents as raw materials, the blast furnace slag was prepared by the fast air-cooled method. Using orthogonal experiment method, the influence of process conditions such as heating rate, heat preservation time of the blast furnace slag in hearth, discharge temperature of slag and cooling speed on the glass content and hydraulic activity of blast furnace slag were studied, the main influence factors and the optimal process conditions of blast furnace slag were determined. The results showed that the discharge temperature of slag was the
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Ostrowski, Mikołaj, Tomasz Baran, Zbigniew Giergiczny, Patrycja Miera, and Arkadiusz Janic. "The influence of mechanical activation of components and w/c ratio on the strength of CEM III blast furnace cement." Cement Wapno Beton 29, no. 4 (2025): 254–64. https://doi.org/10.32047/cwb.2024.29.4.1.

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The article presents the effect of mechanical activation [grinding] of the main components of blast furnace cement and various w/c ratios on the strength of blast furnace cement CEM III. Activated Portland clinker and ground granulated blast furnace slag were used for the tests. It was found that the level of early strength is more influenced by the degree of grinding of Portland clinker than by granulated blast furnace slag. On the other hand, grinding of granulated blast furnace slag allows for significant increases in strength in the later maturation period, from the 14th day of maturation.
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Quan, Hong Zhu. "Study on Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete with Recycled Powder." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 866–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.866.

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To utilize the recycled powder as concrete additives, self-compaceing concerte with recycled powder, granulated blast-furnace slag and granulated limestone were tested for slump-flow, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and drying shrinkage. Reduction in superplasticizing effect of high-range water reducer was found for concrete with recycled powder. Compressive strength of concrete with recycled powder were the same as those with granulated limestone, and lower than those with granulated blast-furnace slag. Concrete with recycled powder showed lower elastic modulus and higher drying s
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B., Ramesh, and Hima Bindu P. "An Experimental Study on Stabilization of Clayey Soil by Using Granulated Blast Furnace Slag." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 5 (2019): 655–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3590925.

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Many of the areas in India contains clayey soil, for these soils Geotechnical properties are a week, which affects the stability of the soil. As Ground granulated blast furnace slag contains in this study, we received the Ground granulated blast furnace slag from steel plant waste mixing with clayey soil to enhance geotechnical properties and make it more suitable for use. In this effect of stabilized soil and change in geotechnical properties. Treatment of clayey soil using with GGBS is very simple, economical and pollution control. Ground granulated blast furnace slag GGBS and this material
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Lee, Yong-Jun, Hyeong-Gook Kim, and Kil-Hee Kim. "Effect of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Replacement Ratio on Structural Performance of Precast Concrete Beams." Materials 14, no. 23 (2021): 7159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237159.

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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag on the structural performance of precast concrete beams, evaluating the flexural, shear and bonding performance by using the replacement ratio of the ground granulated blast furnace slag as a variable. The design strength of the concrete was set at 45 MPa in consideration of the characteristics of precast concrete products, and the replacement ratio of the ground granulated blast furnace slag to replace cement was 30 to 70%. The experimental results showed that all specimens had similar behavioral charac
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Wu, Jian Hua, and Yun Lan Liu. "Influence of Mineral Admixtures on the Carbonation Resistance and Chloride Permeability of Steam-Cured HPC." Key Engineering Materials 477 (April 2011): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.477.366.

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This paper studies the influence of different mineral admixtures(fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag)on the carbonation resistance and chloride permeability of steam-cured HPC. The test results show that under the condition of steam-cured and standard-cured, incorporating 20-30% of the ground granulated blast furnace slag or 15-20% of fly ash decreased the alkalinity and the carbonation resistance of the concrete; with the increase of the proportion of the mineral admixture in concrete, carbonation resistance of HPC was decreased; incorporating 20-30% of the ground granulated blas
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Shi, Dong Sheng, Ping Han, Zheng Ma, and Jing Bo Wang. "Report of Experimented on Compressive Strength of Concrete Using Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as Fine Aggregate." Advanced Materials Research 575 (October 2012): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.575.100.

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In this paper, the experiment about compressive strength of concrete using granulated blast furnace slag as fine aggregate was introduced. In this experiment, granulated blast furnace slag fine aggregates that were produced by two different steel factory and natural river sands that came from two different producing area were been used, and compressive strength of concrete for testing were four levels from ordinary strength level to high strength level. As results, the compressive strength of concrete that used granulated blast furnace slag as fine aggregate increase with increasing of concret
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Wang, Hui, Su Ping Cui, and Xiao Long Shang. "Optimization Chemical Composition of the Blast Furnace Slag with Uniform Design." Materials Science Forum 743-744 (January 2013): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.210.

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Using the industrial limestone, fly ash and pure chemical reagents as raw materials, the blast furnace slag was prepared in the simulation condition of the actual slag-making process. Using uniform design method, the influence of blast furnace slag composition factors such as quaternary alkalinity, ratio of CaO/MgO and ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 on the glass content of blast furnace slag were studied in the present in investigation, the relationship between glass content and the various factors has been obtained through regression analysis, and the main influence factors and the optimum blast furnace
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Jiang, Chunmeng, Li Xia, Shuangxi Li, Xiaoqing Li, Yingjie Chen, and Jian Liu. "Impact of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag on Calcium Leaching of Low-Heat Portland Cement Paste." Materials 17, no. 15 (2024): 3857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17153857.

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Low-heat Portland cement and ground granulated blast furnace slag are widely used for the preparation of hydraulic concrete. Nevertheless, the effect and mechanism of corrosion on low-heat Portland cement paste mixed with ground granulated blast furnace slag need to be further explored. This paper investigated the impact of ground granulated blast furnace slag on the calcium leaching of low-heat Portland cement paste by evaluating its mass loss, porosity, leaching depth, compressive strength, and Vickers hardness, and comparing it with the leaching performance of ordinary Portland cement paste
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Amol B. Sawant, Dr. C. S. Patil, and Pranav Hinge. "UTILIZATION OF BLAST FURNACE SLAG IN CONCRETE - REVIEW." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 8, no. 2 (2024): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2024.v08i02.014.

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The impact of silica fume on the strength development rate and durability of binary concretes containing low reactivity slag. Results show that silica fume moderately improves strength gain but significantly enhances durability and water demand. The use of blast furnace slag and fine aggregate in construction materials for cold weather conditions. It found that GBFS aggregate increased compressive strength, frost resistance, and enhanced resistance against sulfuric acid attacks, demonstrating its potential for use in cold weather construction. The durability and strength of coal gangue-based g
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Blast furnace granulated slag"

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Boltz, Daniel Edward. "Early performance of concrete pavement containing ground granulated blast furnace slag." Ohio : Ohio University, 1998. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1176839817.

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Talefirouz, Davood. "Use Of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, Steel Slag And Fly Ash In Cement-bentonite Slurry Wall Construction." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615432/index.pdf.

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Slurry walls have been widely used for more than 25 years to control the migration of contaminants in the subsurface. In the USA, vertical barriers are mostly constructed of soil-bentonite using the slurry trench method of construction. In this method, sodium bentonite is mixed with water to form a viscous slurry that is pumped into a trench during excavation to maintain the trench stability. The stable trench is then backfilled with a mixture of soil and slurry having a consistency of high slump concrete. These barriers have been designed primarily for low permeability, generally less than 10
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Topbas, Selim. "Effect Of Trass, Granulated Blast Furnace Slag And Fly Ash On Delayed Ettringite Formation." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612494/index.pdf.

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Properly proportioned, placed and cured concrete can be durable under most conditions. However, deterioration of concrete does occur under certain environments. One of the problems that affect the durability of hardened concrete is delayed ettringite formation (DEF) which is an important problem encountered in precast concrete industry where high temperature curing is applied. Although there had been many researches on DEF, there are still many uncertainties about its chemistry and mechanism. In this study, the effects of partial cement replacement by different mineral admixtures (trass, blast
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Yazici, Veysel. "Stabilization Of Expansive Clays Using Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (gbfs), Gbfs-lime Combinations And Gbfs Cement." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604946/index.pdf.

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Expansive clays undergo a large swell when they are subjected to water. Thus, expansive clay is one of the most abundant problems faced in geotechnical engineering applications. It causes heavy damages in structures, especially in water conveyance canals, lined reservoirs, highways, airport runways etc., unless appropriate measures are taken. In this thesis, Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS), GBFS - Lime combinations and GBFS Cement (GBFSC) were utilized to overcome or to limit the expansion of an artificially prepared expansive soil sample (Sample A). GBFS and GBFSC were added to Sample A
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Delibas, Tughan. "Effects Of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Trass And Limestone Fineness On The Properties Of Blended Cements." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614072/index.pdf.

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The aim of this research was to determine the effects of the fineness of different mineral additives on loss on ignition, heat of hydration, physical, mechanical and chemical properties of blended cements. For that purpose, portland cement clinker was replaced with granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), natural pozzolan (NP) and limestone (L) at 6%, 20% and 35% replacement levels. Blended cements containing GBFS and NP were ground to a fineness of 3000, 5000 and 6000 cm2/g. Cements containing L were ground to 3000 cm2/g, 4000 cm2/g and 4500 cm2/g. All of the blended cement types mentioned above
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Veith, Gabriele Helene. "Engineering properties of sulphate-bearing clay soils stabilised with lime-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2000. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/engineering-properties-of-sulphatebearing-clay-soils-stabilised-with-limeactivated-ground-granulated-blast-furnace-slag-gcbs(65f3da02-94cc-4db6-887c-8d94bead65b4).html.

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This research studied the effects of the addition of ground granulated blast furnace slag (ggbs), activated by 2% calcium hydroxide (Ca(OHh, on the strength, permeability and porosity development of a laboratory prepared clay mix (kaolinite with and without 6% gypsum) and a natural sulphide-bearing clay soil, Lower Oxford Clay. Based on shear, compressive and indirect tensile strength testing, it was found that an increase in the stabiliser slag/lime ratio results in substantial strength increase even after short curing periods (up to 12 weeks). This increase in strength is more pronounced if
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Bateman, Eric. "Performance of No Vibration/No Admixture Masonry Grout Containing High Replacement of Portland Cement with Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1163.

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When hollow concrete masonry is used for construction in high seismic regions, structural designs typically require fully grouted walls. The grouting process is labor-intensive, time-consuming and has a high energy demand due to requirements of consolidation in each and subsequent grout lifts. Self-consolidating grout with admixtures has been successfully used without segregation in walls of up to 12.67 ft. in height. Investigation of self-consolidating grout mixes without admixtures has potential for sustainability improvement. This thesis reports on the compression strength and consolidation
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Photisan, Methawee Sriwattanapong [Verfasser]. "Influence of Calcium Aluminate Cement and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag on the Synthesis of Rice Husk Ash-Based Geopolymer Mortars / Methawee Sriwattanapong Photisan." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1155438795/34.

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Sikorová, Věra. "Způsoby využití by-passových cementářských odprašků v technologii stavebních hmot." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401894.

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This diploma thesis is focused on methods of using cement kiln by-pass dust in building materials technology. By-pass dust was treated to remove chlorides and could then be used as other constituent to various types of cements in the amount of 0–5 wt. % according to ČSN EN 197-1. The properties of dusts before and after chloride removal were examined and after incorporating modified by-pass dust into the cement, the properties of fresh and hardened cement pastes and mortars were studied. It was found that modified by-pass dust after incorporation into cement fulfill requirements of ČSN EN 197-
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Geven, Caglar. "Investigation Of The Properties Of Portland Slag Cement Produced By Separate Grinding And Intergrinding Methods." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610662/index.pdf.

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In recent years, there has been a growing trend for the use of industrial by-products in the production of blended cements because of economical, environmental, ecological and diversified product quality reasons. Granulated blast furnace slag, a by-product of the transformation of iron ore into pig-iron in a blast furnace, is one of these materials which is used as a cementitious ingredient. The aim of this study is to investigate the properties of Portland slag cement (CEMII/B-S) by using separate grinding and intergrinding of granulated blast furnace slag and Portland cement clinker. For th
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Books on the topic "Blast furnace granulated slag"

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ACI Committee 226., ed. Ground granulated blast-furnace slag as a cementitious constituent in concrete. American Concrete Institute, 1988.

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ACI Committee 226., ed. Ground granulated blast-furnace slag as a cementitious constituent in concrete. American Concrete Institute, 1987.

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Reeves, C. M. The use of ground granulated blast furnace slag to produce durable concrete. Telford, 1985.

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Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology. Mechanical Properties and Freezing and Thawing Durability of Concrete Incorporating A Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag. s.n, 1986.

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Tipping, Eleanor J. An investigation into using Portland cement, granulated ground blast furnace slag, and Bentonite blends as a treatment for heavy metal contaminated wastewaters. Queen Mary and Westfield College, 1995.

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Wilding, C. R. The hydration of blast furnace slag cements. Materials Development Division, Harwell Laboratory, 1986.

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Lv, Xuewei, and Zhiming Yan. High Temperature Physicochemical Properties of High Alumina Blast Furnace Slag. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3288-5.

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Annamraju, Gopal. Air pollution impacts when quenching blast furnace slag with contaminated water. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1987.

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S, Rogers P., ed. Ceramic materials from molten blast-furnace slag by direct controlled cooling. Commission of the European Communities, 1986.

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Woodley, Nancy Karen Fish. An investigation of landfill disposal of blast furnace slag from secondary lead smelters. University Microfilms International, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Blast furnace granulated slag"

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Ramezanianpour, Ali Akbar. "Granulated Blast Furnace Slag." In Springer Geochemistry/Mineralogy. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36721-2_3.

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Matthes, Winnie, Anya Vollpracht, Yury Villagrán, et al. "Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag." In RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70606-1_1.

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Siddique, Rafat, and Mohammad Iqbal Khan. "Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag." In Supplementary Cementing Materials. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17866-5_3.

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Sunkara, Yeshwanth, W. G. P. Kumari, Jayan S. Vinod, and Benjamin Muscat. "A Laboratory Study on Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag and Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Mixtures." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8237-6_9.

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Nhan, Tran Thanh, Hiroshi Matsuda, Tran Xuan Thach, Nguyen Dai Vien, and Ho Trung Thanh. "Strength of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag during Hydration Reaction Process." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0802-8_66.

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Khanday, Suhail Ahmad, Monowar Hussain, and Amit Kumar Das. "Ground-Granulated Blast Furnace Slag-Based Geopolymer-Treated Fibrous Peat." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4055-2_32.

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Topçu, İlker Bekir, and Aytaç Ünverdi. "Properties of High Content Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Concrete." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63709-9_9.

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Thanh, H. T., M. J. Tapas, J. Chandler, and V. Sirivivatnanon. "Creep of Slag Blended Cement Concrete with and Without Activator." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_19.

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AbstractPartly replacing Portland cement (PC) with lower carbon footprint cementitious materials such as ground granulated blast furnace slag (slag) is considered as a practical method for reducing CO2 emissions in the cement concrete industry. To mitigate the slow reactivity of slag in a cementitious system and enhance early-age strength, the addition of a chemical activator is a solution. However, the effect of the activator on creep behaviour of slag-blended cement concretes remains unclear. This work presents the effect of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) activator on the compressive creep of PC co
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Duży, Patrycja, Izabela Hager, Marta Choińska-Colombel, and Ouali Amiri. "Chloride Diffusion and Mechanical Performances of Geopolymer Concrete with Blended Precursor." In Springer Proceedings in Materials. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-72955-3_22.

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AbstractGeopolymer concrete is an environment-friendly material and is presently accepted as an alternative to conventional concrete. It utilizes industrial by-products like fly ash and slag to reduce CO2 emissions associated with cement production. Despite being investigated over the decades, the application of geopolymers in construction is still very limited. Most of the research data refer to geopolymer pastes and mortars and their properties, performances, and durability. Although geopolymer concretes are well-accepted in the research community owing to their comparable or even better per
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Yamada, Hiroshi, Mikio Wakasugi, Toshiyuki Kanda, Tomonori Seki, and Kazuo Ichimiya. "Basic Study on Ultra Rapid Hardening Alkali Activated Material Using Sodium Orthosilicate." In Springer Proceedings in Materials. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-72955-3_53.

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AbstractFor the purpose of developing a repair material that contributes to decarbonization, a basic study is conducted on an alkali activated material that does not require an alkaline solution. Thin study is characterized by the use of sodium orthosilicate as an alkaline source in order to achieve powder premixing, be ultra rapid hardening. Specifically, a basic study on ultra rapid hardening property and an improvement of the length change performance of the material using only ground granulated blast furnace slag were carried out. As a result, it was clarified that sufficient compressive s
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Conference papers on the topic "Blast furnace granulated slag"

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Akintayo, B. D., and O. A. Olanrewaju. "Utilizing Industrial Waste for Sustainable Concrete: A Critical Analysis of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag in Cement Production." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ieem62345.2024.10857161.

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Ali, Sameer, and Rana Muhammad Waqas. "Effect of Bentonite & Polypropylene Fibres on Fresh and Hardened Properties of Geopolymer Concrete with Slag and Alkali Solution." In Technology Enabled Civil Infrastructure Engineering & Management Conference. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-sua4eq.

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The construction industry significantly contributes to global CO2 emissions and environmental impact, mainly due to concrete usage, which consumes vast resources and energy while emitting CO2. Researchers are exploring alternatives such as geopolymer concrete (GPC), formed without traditional cement but through alkaline activation of industrial by-products like fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, bentonite, and metakaolin clay. This study evaluates the effects of incorporating bentonite and polypropylene (PP) fibers on the workability and strength properties of GPC based on slag. Be
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OVČAČÍKOVÁ, Hana, Marek VELIČKA, Petra MAIEROVÁ, Jozef VLČEK, and Jitka HALAMOVÁ. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG." In METAL 2020. TANGER Ltd., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2020.3450.

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"Properties of Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag Cement Concrete." In "SP-132: Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete - Proceedings Fourth Interna". American Concrete Institute, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/1232.

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"Alkali Activation of a Norwegian Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag." In "SP-114: Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete: Proceedings of the Third International Conference". American Concrete Institute, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/1862.

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Al-Dawood, Zahraa, Nisrina Younes, Engy Mikhail, and Md Maruf Mortula. "Removal of Microplastics using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag." In The 10th World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.11159/iceptp25.184.

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"Soil Stabilization using Lime-Activated Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag." In "SP-178: Sixth CANMET/ACI/JCI Conference: FLy Ash, Silica Fume, Slag & Natural Pozzolans in Concrete". American Concrete Institute, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/6023.

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"Scaling Resistance of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace (GGBF) Slag Concretes." In "SP-145: Durability of Concrete -- Proceedings Third CANMET - ACI International Conference, Nice, France 1994". American Concrete Institute, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/4540.

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Hansen, Will. "Pozzolanic reactivity of ground granulated blast furnace slag in blended cement." In 2nd International RILEM Symposium on Advances in Concrete through Science and Engineering. RILEM Publications, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2351580028.062.

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Fujii, Takashi, Atsuhiko Sugita, and Toshiki Ayano. "Improvement of Durability of Concrete by Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Sand." In Fourth International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies. Coventry University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18552/2016/scmt4d164.

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Reports on the topic "Blast furnace granulated slag"

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Malhotra, V. M. Mechanical properties and freezing and thawing durability of concrete incorporating a ground granulated blast-furnace slag. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/307077.

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Nevárez-Garibaldi, Roberto. Influences of Mixture Proportions and Test Conditions on the Strength and Stiffness of Wet-Mixed Soil and Cement. Deep Foundations Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.37308/cpf-2014-slmx-1.

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The deep mixing method is an in-situ ground improvement technique in which cementitious binder is mixed with soil using equipment that penetrates at least several meters into the ground. The mixing equipment can be vertical-axis rotating augers with mixing blades, horizontal-axis rotating wheels or drums with teeth, or chain-saw type equipment in which a chain with teeth moves around a post that is inserted into the ground. The product of deep mixing is referred to as "cement-treated soil" in this report to distinguish it from "soil-cement", which is a term that has long been used to refer to
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McDaniel, E. (Immobilization of technetium in blast furnace slag). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5385009.

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Wang, Tianqi, Maryam Salehi, and Andrew J. Whelton. Blast Furnace Slag Usage and Guidance for Indiana. Purdue University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284316647.

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Trivelpiece, Cory, and Madison Hsieh. Blast furnace slag reactions in various solutions (Interim Report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1784919.

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Banks, M., A. Schwab, and James Alleman. Constructed Wetlands for the Remediation of Blast Furnace Slag Leachates. Purdue University, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313362.

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Lomboy, Gilson, Douglas Cleary, Seth Wagner, et al. Long-term performance of sustainable pavements using ternary blended concrete with recycled aggregates. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40780.

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Dwindling supplies of natural concrete aggregates, the cost of landfilling construction waste, and interest in sustainable design have increased the demand for recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) in new portland cement concrete mixtures. RCA repurposes waste material to provide useful ingredients for new construction applications. However, RCA can reduce the performance of the concrete. This study investigated the effectiveness of ternary blended binders, mixtures containing portland cement and two different supplementary cementitious materials, at mitigating performance losses of concrete mixt
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Blast Furnace Granulated Coal Injection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/3801.

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Bethlehem Steel Corporation Blast Furnace Granulated Coal Injection Demonstration Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10171670.

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Blast furnace granulated coal injection system demonstration project: A DOE assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/757780.

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