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Journal articles on the topic 'Blast furnace iron slag'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Togobitskaya, D. N., A. I. Belkova, D. A. Stepanenko, N. A. Tsyupa, and Yu M. Likhachev. "Development of the model complex of the expert system of control and management of the slag mode in modern mixed blast furnace conditions." Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy, no. 34 (2020): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2020-34-30-46.

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The aim of the work is to develop physicochemical bases for predicting the technological properties of finite blast furnace slags, algorithmic and software for the subsystem for diagnosing the slag regime of blast furnace smelting. Based on experimental data on the properties of natural finite blast furnace slags, predictive models for calculating the viscosity of the final slag at a temperature of 1400-1550 °C were improved by including in the model structure an integrated slag melt index of the parameter Δe, which reflects the individual effect. Using the integral parameters of the slag melt

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2

Isaenko, G. E., V. N. Titov, E. A. Andreeva, V. A. Kobelev, A. G. Nechkin, and D. A. Chernavin. "Estimation of hot metal desulfurization by intermediate and final blast-furnace slag when using pellets of different basicity in blast-furnace charge." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 79, no. 7 (2023): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-7-559-565.

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n the process of blast-furnace smelting, up to 90% of coke sulfur is captured by the iron ore charge, accumulating in hot metal in the amount that was absorbed from the gas phase. Desulphurization of cast iron occurs when it interacts first with the intermediate, and at the final stage, with the final blast-furnace slag. In this regard, it is of interest to evaluate the desulfurizing properties of the intermediate and final slag, which affect the sulfur content in hot metal. Melting mixtures of pellets of different basicity and sinter in a blast furnace leads to the formation of primary and in

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3

Liu, Dongliang, Wei Zhang, Zhengliang Xue, Chunhui Song, and Lingkun Chen. "Simulation and Validation of Thickness of Slag Crust on the Copper Stave in the High-Temperature Area of Blast Furnace." Metals 14, no. 1 (2023): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14010019.

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The blast furnace is the dominant high-temperature reactor in the modern ironmaking industry. Iron oxide in iron ores can be converted to metallic iron through blast furnace smelting, and this high-temperature melting can be used to separate the molten iron from the gangue components. The formation and thickness of the hot-surface slag crust on the copper stave in the high-temperature area of the middle and lower parts of the blast furnace are crucial for the safe operation and long campaign of the blast furnace. To enhance the precision of determining the thickness of the slag crust in this s

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4

Li, Zhuang-nian, Man-sheng Chu, Zheng-gen Liu, Gen-ji Ruan, and Bao-feng Li. "Furnace heat prediction and control model and its application to large blast furnace." High Temperature Materials and Processes 38, no. 2019 (2019): 884–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2019-0049.

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AbstractBlast furnace heat is the key to the blast furnace’s high efficiency and stable operation, and it is difficult to maintain a suitable temperature for large blast furnace operations. When designing the furnace heat prediction and control model, parameters with good reliability and measurability should be chosen to avoid using less accurate parameters and to ensure the accuracy and practicability of the model. This paper presents an effective model for large blast furnace temperature prediction and control. Using thermal equilibrium and the carbon-oxygen balance of the blast furnace’s hi

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5

Stepanenko, D., and D. Togobitska. "Regarding the interaction and capture of metal droplets by blast furnace slag." Metaloznavstvo ta obrobka metalìv 30, no. 2 (2024): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mom2024.02.003.

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The mechanism of capture of metal drops by the slag melt was investigated using blast furnace slag as an example. The role of the viscosity of the blast furnace slag in reducing iron loss at the output from the blast furnace is shown. Reducing the viscosity of slags contributes to the rapid settling of small drops of cast iron in the slag volume. It is noted that the CaO/SiO2 ratio is an important parameter that changes the viscosity of blast furnace slag. To ensure the minimum viscosity of blast furnace slag, it is necessary to establish the optimal chemical composition of the slag, in partic

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6

Spirin, N. A., A. A. Polinov`, A. V. Pavlov, O. P. Onorin, and G. N. Logachev. "Environmental and Technological Aspects of Converter Slag Utilization in Sintering and Blast-Furnace Production." KnE Materials Science 2, no. 2 (2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kms.v2i2.941.

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The paper presents calculation results for predictive conditions of blast furnace operation with the use of converter slag in the iron ore portion of the blast furnace burden. It shows that addition of converter slag in the sinter and blast-furnace burden without correction of the operating conditions is not reasonable as it significantly worsens parameters of blast furnace operation. Long-term operation of blast furnaces with addition of converter slag in the burden will be accompanied by gradual accumulation of phosphorus in metal and will lead to increasing problems regarding phosphorus rem

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7

Liao, Jinfa, Gele Qing, and Baojun Zhao. "Phase Equilibrium Studies of the CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 System for Iron Blast Furnace Slag: A Review." Metals 13, no. 4 (2023): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13040801.

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More and larger blast furnaces have been constructed for ironmaking across the world in recent years due to the advantages of high productivity, high energy efficiency and low cost. Slag plays important role in a blast furnace to produce high-quality hot metal and maintain smooth operations. Liquidus temperatures are the essential information of the slag to avoid the formation of the solid phase during the ironmaking process and slag tapping. The principal components of the iron blast furnace slags can be described by the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2. With the significant changes in the raw mater

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8

Stepanenko, D. A., N. A. Tsyupa, A. I. Belkova, and A. S. Skachko. "Analytical and experimental study of the thermophysical properties of blast furnace slag melts in the conditions of blast furnaces of Ukraine." Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy, no. 32 (2018): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2018-32-137-150.

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The aim of the work is to establish patterns of influence of the chemical composition of blast-furnace slags on the thermophysical properties of their melts, which is relevant to ensure high technical and economic indicators of the blast furnace. Experimental studies of the temperature of molten iron and slag at their release from a blast furnace with a volume of 1500 m3 have been carried out. It is shown that the temperatures of iron and slag have almost identical values and vary in the range of 1451÷14870С. On a Anton Paar rotary rheometer, viscosity measurements were made in the temperature

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9

Ho, Hsing-Jung, Atsushi Iizuka, and Hironari Kubo. "Identification of suitable conventional cooling methods for direct aqueous carbonation of blast furnace slags and their mechanism." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials 32, no. 7 (2025): 1566–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-3054-x.

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Abstract The iron and steel industries generate large amounts of unavoidable CO2 emissions as well as considerable quantities of slags. More than one-half of the emitted CO2 is produced in blast furnaces during ironmaking, and thus it is meaningful to use blast furnace slags to capture CO2 while addressing the byproducts and flue gas of ironmaking. Mineral carbonation of slags is a promising route to achieve carbon neutrality and effective slag utilization. To exploit slag more effectively and capture CO2 in flue gas, an in-depth investigation into the carbonation of blast furnace slags genera

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10

Xianzhen, Wu, and Xue Jin. "Comprehensive Utilization and Control Measures of Iron and Steel Slag." Frontiers of Metallurgical Industry 2, no. 2 (2024): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.62022/fomi.issn3005-5466.2024.02.011.

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With the increase of steel production, the amount of steel slag piled up is on the rise. The article analyzes the current situation of blast furnace slag utilization, elaborates on the current treatment technology of blast furnace slag, and points out that in the future, the utilization of blast furnace slag will develop towards the direction of developing high value-added products, and the sensible heat recovery rate of blast furnace slag is expected to increase. Analyze the current application status and treatment process of converter slag. The comprehensive treatment technology of converter

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11

Pavlov, A. V., N. A. Spirin, V. A. Beginyuk, V. V. Lavrov, and I. A. Gurin. "Analysis of slag mode of blast furnace melting using model decision support systems." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 65, no. 6 (2022): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2022-6-413-420.

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The article presents a balance model of the blast furnace process improved by the researchers from UrFU and PJSC “Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works” (MMK). It generally represents a system of deterministic dependencies characterizing the thermal, reduction, gas dynamic, blast and slag modes of blast furnace melting. The basic principle underlying the model is full-scale mathematical modeling. Indicators characterizing the properties of the final slag for implementation of normal slag mode of blast furnace melting (slag viscosity in the temperature range of 1350 – 1550 °C, as well as values of

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12

Dvoskin, B. V., I. O. Manachin, V. H. Kislyakov, S. A. Shevchenko, V. P. Petrusha, and D. S. Zotov. "Peculiarities of changes in sulphur content in blast furnace cast iron supplied for BOF processing." Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy 37 (2023): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2023-37-175-183.

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The aim of the work is to increase the efficiency and stability of the desulphurization process by blocking the resulfurization of pig iron in the process of technological operations for the preparation of blast furnace pig iron for converter processing at Azovstal Iron and Steel Works. Technological control of each of the technological operations on the route "blast furnace - desulphurization - slag pumping - mixer department" was performed, with sampling of pig iron, slag and chemical composition control to establish the actual sulfur content transferred from slag to pig iron in the process

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13

Belkova, A. I., I. G. Muravyeva, and A. S. Skachko. "Methods for choosing a rational composition of the blast furnace charge." Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy, no. 32 (2018): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2018-32-47-63.

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The aim of the work is to solve the problem of choosing the optimal composition of iron ore materials for blast furnace loading. An analytical review of the existing approaches to assessing the quality and methods for selecting a rational composition of iron ore materials implemented as part of the control system of domestic and foreign blast furnaces in modern conditions has been carried out. A method of modeling the processes of directional formation of melts, developed at the Iron and Steel Institute, is proposed. The description of the processes of transformation of iron ore materials in a

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14

Pavlov, A. V., N. A. Spirin, I. A. Gurin, V. V. Lavrov, V. A. Beginyuk, and A. S. Istomin. "Information-modeling system for prediction of the composition and properties of final slag in a blast furnace in real time." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 66, no. 2 (2023): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2023-2-244-252.

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The article considers general characteristics of the algorithm for prediction of the composition of the final slag in a blast furnace in real time. This algorithm is based on fundamental knowledge on the processes occurring in the furnace and general laws of transient processes. It allows predicting at the current moment of time and for every hour ten hours ahead. A linearized model of the blast furnace process and a natural-mathematical approach are used. The model takes into account the dynamic characteristics of blast furnaces in various impact channels, which change and depend on the type

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15

Geldenhuys, I. J., Q. G. Reynolds, and G. Akdogan. "Evaluation of Titania-Rich Slag Produced from Titaniferous Magnetite Under Fluxless Smelting Conditions." JOM 72, no. 10 (2020): 3462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04304-3.

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Abstract Titanium-bearing magnetite ore is generically defined as magnetite with > 1% titanium dioxide (TiO2) and is usually vanadium-bearing. The iron and titanium occur as a mixture of magnetite (Fe3O4) and ilmenite (FeTiO3) with vanadium oxide usually occurring within the solid solution of the titanium-bearing magnetite phase. These ores are currently widely processed in blast furnaces via modified ironmaking processes. Typically, vanadium is recovered as a by-product from the ironmaking process, while the diluted titania slag is stockpiled. Fluxless smelting in a direct-current open-arc

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16

Spirin, N. A., I. A. Gurin, V. V. Lavrov, and L. A. Zainullin. "Information modeling system for movement of charge layers and melt accumulation in a blast furnace well." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 67, no. 2 (2024): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2024-2-245-253.

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The article presents the results of development of an information modeling system for movement of charge layers and melt accumulation in a blast furnace well. The work is based on mathematical models reflecting modern ideas on the course of physico-chemical phenomena of blast furnace melting and technological features of the blast furnace process. The use of such system makes it possible to determine and visualize the configuration of layers of iron ore materials and coke according to the working space height, taking into account a given ore load in equal-sized annular zones of the blast furna

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17

Shen, Fengman, Xinguang Hu, Haiyan Zheng, et al. "Proper MgO/Al2O3 Ratio in Blast-Furnace Slag: Analysis of Proper MgO/Al2O3 Ratio Based on Observed Data." Metals 10, no. 6 (2020): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10060784.

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With the gradual depletion of high-quality iron-ore resources, ironmaking blast furnaces have gradually shifted to using high-content Al2O3 iron ore. Under this condition, the addition of MgO in the slag is adopted to alleviate operation problems caused by the high content of Al2O3. However, the proper value of the MgO/Al2O3 ratio for blast-furnace slag systems (Al2O3 = 8–25%) is not systematically studied. In this paper, we discuss the proper MgO/Al2O3 ratio on the basis of blast-furnace slag systems under different Al2O3 contents. On the basis of thermodynamics and phase-diagram analysis, it

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18

Mahato, Madan Mohan, Mahesh Kumar Agrawal, and Sharda Nand Sinha. "Production of SG Grade Pig Iron in Mini Blast Furnace." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 3174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.3174.

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The entire life of a Blast furnace operator is spent to achieve the following aims: • To increase the productivity of Blast Furnace as high as possible. • To decrease the coke rate as low as possible to produce unit ton of hot metal. • To produce the hot metal of superior SG quality with particular reference to Sulphur & Silicon. • To keep the production cost as low as possible. The process indices of Mini Blast Furnace are similar to that of a conventional blast furnace. But, conventional blast furnace is capital intensive, solely dependent on good quality metallurgical coke, the gestatio

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19

Spirin, N. A., O. P. Onorin, A. S. Istomin, and I. A. Gurin. "Study of transient processes in a blast furnace based on the heat exchange scheme analysis." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, no. 2 (2020): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-2-132-138.

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A blast furnace is a complicated metallurgical facility, which is characterized by considerable delay and inertia in the flow of heat and mass exchange. Therefore, the analysis of transient processes based on modern ideas about heat transfer is an important issue in solving technological problems of blast furnace smelting managing. A two-stage heat transfer scheme along the height of a blast furnace of modern technology presented. When studying the thermal state of a blast furnace as a control object, it is advisable to divide it into two thermal zones - the upper zone and the lower zone. The

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20

Wang, Zhen, Haiyan Zheng, Yan Zhang, and Liang Ge. "Optimization of High-Alumina Blast Furnace Slag Based on Exergy Analysis." Metals 14, no. 4 (2024): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14040465.

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Raw material with a high Al2O3 content has led to an increase in the Al2O3 content in blast furnace slag, which has affected the normal operation of a blast furnace. The exergy analysis method is an important method for studying the energy utilization of high-alumina blast furnace smelting. In this paper, to investigate the impact of slag composition on exergy efficiency and optimize exergy efficiency during the smelting process of high Al2O3 iron ore, a gray box exergy analysis model of blast furnace smelting and an objective function for minimizing the total exergy loss were developed. The r

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21

Bölükbaşı, Ö. S., and B. Tufan. "Steelmaking slag beneficiation by magnetic separator and impacts on sinter quality." Science of Sintering 46, no. 3 (2014): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1403331b.

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Basic oxygen furnaces (BOF) slag is the main problem at all iron and steel factories. About more than 6 million tons/year of BOF slag has been accumulated from the waste stockyards in Turkey. Dumps slags can be revaluated by a processing technology which makes it possible to obtain products that meet the requirements of sintering and blast furnace production. The slags with particle size of -10 mm were enriched by the magnetic separator resulting and increase in Fe grade from 18% to 33%. The use of BOF slag in sinter blend provided additional Mn, CaO, MgO and introduced a good solution to envi

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22

Тарасов, Вячеслав Кирилович, Владислав Ростиславович Румянцев, Оксана Володимирівна Новокщонова та Інна Олександрівна Ткаліч. "РОЗРОБКА ЗАХОДІВ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ УМОВ ПРАЦІ ПРИ ВИРОБНИЦТВІ ЧАВУНУ". Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Series: Economic sciences 121, № 2 (2018): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2413-0117.2018.2.8.

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The article explores the causes of working environment pollution and identifies the sources of harmful and dangerous emissions in pig iron production, along with searching for rational measures to improve the blast furnace cast house aspiration system efficiency to remove toxic gases, dust and exhaust heat. A mathematical modeling methodology for transfer process of molten iron and slag from the blast furnace to the ladle has been employed. The best practice from Zaporizhstal Steel Works on a new aspiration system at blast furnace casting yard laid the basis for the research. An aerodynamic ca

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23

Jie, Li, Liu Weixing, Zhang Yuzhu, et al. "Study on the Law of Concurrent Heating of Blast Furnace Slag by Taking Iron Tailings as Conditioning Agents." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 13, no. 10 (2016): 6468–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2016.5588.

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Based on the heat balance principle, and by using thermodynamic software FactSage6.4 simulation software, the study analyzed the impact of the ratio of iron tailings on the thermodynamic parameters of slag system, and explored the blast furnace slag and iron tailings and the change rule of heat transfer between the blast furnace slag and iron tailings and the influence law of the ratio of iron tailings on the temperature and concurrent heating quantity of the slag system; the study further adopted the least squares method, multiple regression analysis method to establish the mathematical model

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24

Kuznetsov, M., and G. Kryachko. "INFLUENCE OF BLOWING PARAMETERS AND SLAG REGIME ON SILICON AND SULFUR CONTENT IN BLAST-FURNACE CAST IRON." Collection of scholarly papers of Dniprovsk State Technical University (Technical Sciences) 1, no. 38 (2021): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31319/2519-2884.38.2021.1.

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At two blast furnaces (BF) with a volume of 1386 and 1500 m³, the influence of the parameters of blast and slag modes on the content of silicon and sulfur in cast iron was investigated. The blast mode was evaluated by the consumption of pulverized coal fuel (PCF) and oxygen, the slag mode was evaluated by its basicity CaO / SiO₂. It was found that the injection of pulverized coal into the hearth of 1500 m³ BF in the range of flow rates from 108 to 120 g/m³·s, and in the hearth of 1386 m³ BF in the range from 90 to 110 g/m³·s was accompanied by a decrease in the silicon content in cast iron. Th

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25

Guo, Yongchun, Fengman Shen, Haiyan Zheng, Shuo Wang, Xin Jiang, and Qiangjian Gao. "Desulfurization Ability of Blast Furnace Slag Containing High Al2O3 at 1773 K." Crystals 11, no. 8 (2021): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11080910.

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With the consumption of high-quality iron ore resources, the grade of iron ore raw used in the iron making process has gradually decreased. The high aluminum raw materials has led to an increase in the Al2O3 content in the blast furnace slag, which has affected the normal operation of the blast furnace. The activity of the components involved in the desulfurization reaction is an important factor affecting the desulfurization process. In this paper, the effects of B(w(CaO)/w(SiO2)) and w(MgO)/w(Al2O3) on the desulfurization ability of a CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 quaternary blast furnace slag system w

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26

Panteleev, V. V., K. B. Pykhteeva, M. V. Polovets, K. V. Mironov, and S. A. Zagainov. "Analysis of hot metal desulfurization methods efficiency during titanomagnetite processing." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, no. 6 (2020): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-6-543-549.

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To make high-quality steel, it is necessary to ensure low sulfur content in the hot metal entering a steelmaking shop. The task to obtain low sulfur metal can be solved either during blast furnace smelting or its ladle desulfurization immediately after tapping out of blast furnace. Under conditions of JSC EVRAZ NTMK, the ladle desulfurization of vanadium hot metal is not applied, since it leads to a loss of vanadium. Is explained by the fat, that calcium oxide forms with V2O5 a strong calcium vanadate (3СаО·V2O5), which makes the process of vanadium recovery during further slag processing more

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27

Migas, P. "Analysis of the Rheological Behaviour of Selected Semi-Solid Slag Systems in Blast Furnace Flow Conditions." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 1 (2015): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0014.

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Abstract The rheological properties of liquid and semi-solid systems of slag and hot metal in a blast furnace are extremely important from the perspective of their dripping in the unit. The rheological nature and the values of the dynamic viscosity coefficient of liquid and semi-solid phases - slag and hot metal - determine the permeability of the zones in which those systems exist. The modelling of dripping processes and e.g. static and dynamic holding/retention of liquid in the bed, requires an accurate description of the rheological behaviour of slag and iron systems. Determining the liquid

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Demarco, Marcel, Fernando Vernilli, and Sara Carvalho Zago. "Clinker-Free Cement Manufactured with Metallurgical Slags." Buildings 14, no. 6 (2024): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061739.

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Steel slag is a significant environmental liability generated by pyrometallurgical processes. Residue generation, such as granulated blast furnace slag and basic oxygen slag (BOF), is intrinsic in steel production. Blast furnace slag, generated in the carbothermal reduction of iron ore, is almost entirely used as a supplementary cement material in Portland cement. BOF slag, produced in the conversion of pig iron into steel in a basic oxygen converter, is still not consolidated or valued for reuse. This research proposes the reuse and valorization of BOF slag combined with blast furnace slag in

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B., Ramesh, and Hima Bindu P. "An Experimental Study on Stabilization of Clayey Soil by Using Granulated Blast Furnace Slag." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 5 (2019): 655–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3590925.

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Many of the areas in India contains clayey soil, for these soils Geotechnical properties are a week, which affects the stability of the soil. As Ground granulated blast furnace slag contains in this study, we received the Ground granulated blast furnace slag from steel plant waste mixing with clayey soil to enhance geotechnical properties and make it more suitable for use. In this effect of stabilized soil and change in geotechnical properties. Treatment of clayey soil using with GGBS is very simple, economical and pollution control. Ground granulated blast furnace slag GGBS and this material

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30

B P, Aparna. "Experimental Study on Utilization of Blast Furnace Slag in Concrete." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 12 (2024): 2254–61. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.66181.

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Slag is one of the non metallic product which is formed in the manufacture of pig iron and steel in blast furnace. The constituents of slag are silicates of calcium, manganese and aluminium in different compositions. The molten slag is insoluble having lower density and floats on the pig iron. Slag is one of the essential by product obtained in the manufacture of iron, which is considered as the industrial waste product. But this waste product will be considered as one of the useful product in the construction industry. Hence this slag can be used as alternative material for coarser aggregates

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Ehrenberg, Andreas. "Today's and future slags ‐ Potentials and Challenges." ce/papers 6, no. 6 (2023): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2843.

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AbstractThe steel industry produces the most widely used metal on earth. The main challenge of the industry for the next decade is the steel production transformation process. The CO2 intensive blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace (BOF) route will be substituted by a combination of a Direct Reduced Iron plant (based on natural gas, at later stage on “green” hydrogen) with an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) or a Submerged Arc Furnace (SAF), heated with renewable energy. Thus, the well‐known latent hydraulic granulated blast furnace slag (GBS) being successfully used in cement and concrete for more tha

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Matějka, Vlastimil, Priyadarshini Jayashree, Mara Leonardi, Jozef Vlček, Tomáš Sabovčík, and Giovanni Straffelini. "Utilization of Metallurgical Slags in Cu-free Friction Material Formulations." Lubricants 10, no. 9 (2022): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10090219.

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The aim of our research was to indicate the suitability of metallurgical slags (two blast furnace slags and one steel furnace slag) as the components of Cu-free friction materials. The base mixture consisted of nine components including phenolic resin, graphite, tin sulphide, steel and aramid fibers, iron powder, a mixture of barite with calcite, and vermiculite. To this base mixture, the slags with a particle size below 0.1 mm were added individually in the amount of 20 wt.%. A base friction mixture with alumina in the amount of 20 wt.% represented the reference. Samples for the friction-wear

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Chang, Ca Min, Yon Sen Lin, Chien Nan Pan, and Wen Tung Cheng. "Numerical Analysis on the Refractory Wear of the Blast Furnace Main Trough." Advances in Science and Technology 92 (October 2014): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.92.294.

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This study aims to numerically analyze the refractory wear of the blast furnace main trough. The three dimensional transient Navier-Stocks equation associated with the volume of fluid (VOF) was developed to describe the flow fields of air, molten iron and slag in the main trough of the blast furnace during tapping process; and then solved by the finite volume method (FVM) subject to the pressure implicit with split operator (PSIO). Based on the Newton’s law of viscosity, the computed shear stress profile in the impingement region consists with the erosion rate of main trough from the no. 4 bla

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Mancini, A., B. Lothenbach, G. Geng, et al. "Iron speciation in blast furnace slag cements." Cement and Concrete Research 140 (February 2021): 106287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106287.

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Liu, Weiqiang, Lei Shao, and Henrik Saxén. "Experimental Model Study of Liquid–Liquid and Liquid–Gas Interfaces during Blast Furnace Hearth Drainage." Metals 10, no. 4 (2020): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10040496.

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The smooth drainage of produced iron and slag is a prerequisite for stable and efficient blast furnace operation. For this it is essential to understand the drainage behavior and the evolution of the liquid levels in the hearth. A two-dimensional Hele–Shaw model was used to study the liquid–liquid and liquid–gas interfaces experimentally and to clarify the effect of the initial amount of iron and slag, slag viscosity, and blast pressure on the drainage behavior. In accordance with the findings of other investigators, the gas breakthrough time increased and residual ratios for both liquids decr

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Keskin, İnan, İbrahim Şentürk, Halil İbrahim Yumrutaş, Ermedin Totiç, and Ali Ateş. "An environmentally friendly approach to soil improvement with by-product of the manufacture of iron." BioResources 18, no. 1 (2023): 2045–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.1.2045-2063.

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Blast furnace slag has been used for many years in various applications related to civil engineering. Many studies have created a wide variety of cost-effective and environmentally friendly solutions for this industrial by-product. This study aims to contribute to the performance evaluations of the usability of the blast furnace slag for soil improvement and the effects of the additive ratio and curing time. Bentonite samples were prepared with the addition of blast furnace slag at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% ratios by weight at optimum water content (wopt). Results were evaluated using the liquid l

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Qu, Wei, Huiping Ren, Zili Jin, and Fang Dong. "Transfer Mechanism of Lanthanum from Rare Earth Containing Iron Ore to Pig Iron during the Blast Furnace Process." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (May 26, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5841797.

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Some iron ores are enriched with lanthanum element, for example, the Bayan Obo iron ore in China. The pig iron which used the Bayan Obo iron ore as the raw material was obtained from the blast furnace of Baotou Steel in order to research the transfer mechanisms of lanthanum from rare earth containing iron ore to pig iron during the blast furnace process. The thermodynamic process was calculated using the molecular-ion coexistence model. The slag-metal reactions of the hearth were carried out in the tube furnace. The morphology and phase structure in the pig iron were observed by SEM and XRD. T

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Gao, Qiang Jian, Guo Wei, Lin Mu, Gang Du, and Feng Man Shen. "Experimental Study of Softening and Melting Properties on Indonesia Vanadium-Titanium Sinters." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 1039–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1039.

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As a raw material, Indonesia vanadium-titanium sinters are being applied to the blast furnace process for iron making in the typical iron and steel plant. In order to keep the health running of blast furnace process, in this work we have investigated the softening and melting properties of Indonesia vanadium-titanium sinters. We found that the content of vanadium-titanium magnetite in sinter is correlated with the softening and melting ranges for those sinters considered here. With the increasing of the vanadium-titanium magnetite in sinter, the starting softening temperature increases gradual

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Karakuts, I. M. "Improving the reliability of the electric gun drive for closing the taphole of a blast furnace." Reporter of the Priazovskyi State Technical University. Section: Technical sciences, no. 41 (December 24, 2020): 109–13. https://doi.org/10.31498/2225-6733.41.2020.226189.

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The blast furnace is a large metallurgical vertical furnace for smelting cast iron and ferroalloys. The principle of the blast furnace operation is the continuity of the metallurgical process during the whole period of its operation up to the regular overhaul, which is performed on average once every ten years. The total service life of the blast furnace can exceed one hundred years. The blast furnace is of a mine type: it is periodically charged from above with ore, coke and other components, gas being fed from below. Periodically, the slag melt is drained from the blast furnace and molten ca

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Vusikhis, A. S., M. A. Mikheenkov, L. I. Leont’ev, and S. N. Agafonov. "Effect of boron oxide additives on viscosity and melting point of the CaO – SiO2 – Al2O3 – MgO system." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 68, no. 3 (2025): 287–96. https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2025-3-287-296.

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The share of local iron ore raw materials of metallurgical enterprises of the Ural region is 50 – 60 %. The rest is brought from Central Russia, the Kola Peninsula and Kazakhstan. The issue of replacing imported raw materials with local, cheaper ones, is very relevant. The extraction of siderite iron ore of the Bakalskoye deposit (Southern Urals), the reserves of which are about 1 billion tons, is many times less than the mining and geological conditions allow because of the insignificant demand for this raw material due to its low quality. The high content of magnesium oxide in the ore makes

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Umair, Muhammad, and Muhammad Jahangir Khan. "Fabrication of the Hybrid Bricks Utilizing Multiple Waste Pozzolanic Stabilizers as Fractional Substitution of Fine Aggregate." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 3 (2023): 3268–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i3.3278.

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The world is pounding with millions of tons of industrial wastes such as ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), fly ash, and mine tailings as various industrial wastes. The best way to make use of these wastes is to incorporate these materials as structural elements, which in turn minimizes the carbon footprint. In this context, this study focuses on using iron ore tailings and slag sand as a replacement for clay or natural sand for the production of stabilized blast furnace iron slag brick. Also, in this study sand is used as a stabilizer instead of more clay ratio. The development of s

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Maksym, Kuznetsov, Kryachko Gennady, Polyetaev Vladimir, and Valuyeva Natalia. "INFLUENCE OF THE PROPERTIES OF BLAST FURNACE SLAG ON CAST IRON HEATING AT PULVERIZED COAL INJECTION." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 1 (91) (2018): 63–70. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2018.122970.

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In the course of the studies at two industrial blast furnaces, we established a change in the characteristics of slag mode and cast iron heating, resulting from the transition to the pulverized coal fuel injection with a decrease in basicity of CaO/SiO<sub>2</sub> slag from 1.16 to 1.10 and from 1.20 to 1.12 units. It was shown that depending on a particular influence of alumina and magnesia in the slag composition, as well as on their ratio, a decrease in slag basicity can be accompanied by both an increase and a decrease in viscosity. During the research, the dependence between sla

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Yao, Kuo, Yong Deng, Ran Liu, Lu Liu, Yanjia Gao, and Yanting Liu. "Factors affecting the hearth activity of blast furnace and corresponding measures." Metallurgical Research & Technology 122, no. 2 (2025): 205. https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2025005.

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To improve the hearth activity and provide a theoretical basis for the blast furnace (BF) smooth operation, this paper introduced indirect indicators of hearth activity, such as the descent of burden, fluctuations in air volume and pressure, hearth temperature, iron tapping conditions, and the heat of slag iron. The factors influencing hearth activity were analyzed, primarily focusing on the permeability provided by deadman, the viscosity of slag iron, and the position and size of the tuyere raceway. Control measures for hearth activity were summarized, including adjusting the permeability pro

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Kasina, Monika, and Marek Michalik. "Iron Metallurgy Slags as a Potential Source of Critical Elements - Nb, Ta and REE." Mineralogia 47, no. 1-4 (2016): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mipo-2017-0004.

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Abstract The recovery of valuable metals from metallurgical slag disposals is a promising option to protect natural resources, limited due to technology development and increased consumption. The Ad-hoc Working Group on Defining Critical Raw Materials within the Raw Materials Supply Group has proposed a list of critical elements which have the greatest economic importance and meet the requirements of sustainable development in Europe. The goal of this study was to examine steelmaking- and blast-furnace slags from metallurgical processes to determine concentrations of elements of the greatest c

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Behim, Mourd, Miloud Beddar, and Pierre Clastres. "Reactivity of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 21, no. 2 (2013): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2013-0007.

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Abstract The Algerian iron and steel complex of El Hadjar, near the city of Annaba, produces a granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) mainly used by the local cement factories as an addition to clinker of up to 30 % as maximum content, for manufacturing a compound CEM II type cement (Algerian Standard). With the aim, on the one hand, of limiting the use of high clinker content in Algerian cement plants and replacing it with other constituents such as granulated blast furnace slag and, on the other hand, to use this slag as an addition to local concrete, we have attempted to characterize it accor

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Endawati, Jul, Rochaeti, and R. Utami. "Optimization of Concrete Porous Mix Using Slag as Substitute Material for Cement and Aggregates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 865 (June 2017): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.865.282.

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In recent years, sustainability and environmental effect of concrete became the main concern. Substituting cement with the other cementitious material without decreasing mechanical properties of a mixture could save energy, reduce greenhouse effect due to mining, calcination and limestone refining. Therefore, some industrial by-products such as fly ash, silica fume, and Ground Iron Blast Furnace Slag (GIBFS) would be used in this study to substitute cement and aggregate. This substitution would be applied on the porous concrete mixture to minimize the environmental effect. Slag performance wil

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Kobelev, V. A., O. P. Onorin, and N. A. Spirin. "Issues of technology and conditions of smelting of low-silicon cast iron in blast furnaces." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 79, no. 1 (2023): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-1-10-21.

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The issues of technology are considered and the conditions for smelting cast iron with a low silicon content (0.2‒0.3%) in blast furnaces are discussed. The relation between the regime parameters of the blast furnace and the silicon content in the cast iron is analyzed using actual data. One of the conditions for obtaining the cast iron with a low silicon content is a reduced heating of smelting products, i.e. the implementation of the technology of cold blast furnace smelting. It is shown that low-sulfur low-silicon cast iron is possible with a decrease in the fluctuation of the chemical comp

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Du, Peipei, Yuzhu Zhang, Yue Long, and Lei Xing. "Effect of the Acidity Coefficient on the Properties of Molten Modified Blast Furnace Slag and Those of the Produced Slag Fibers." Materials 15, no. 9 (2022): 3113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093113.

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The online preparation of fibers using molten modified blast furnace slag can not only achieve the high-value-added utilization of the slag but can also make use of the sensible heat of the slag. In this paper, blast furnace slag was modified using iron tailings, and was then used to prepare slag fiber online; the effects of the acidity coefficient on the properties of the molten modified blast furnace slag and modified blast furnace slag fiber were investigated. With an increase in the acidity coefficient from 1.2 to 1.6, the temperature range of the slag melt, with viscosity in the 1–3 Pa·s

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Du, Peipei, Yuzhu Zhang, Yue Long, and Lei Xing. "Effect of the Acidity Coefficient on the Properties of Molten Modified Blast Furnace Slag and Those of the Produced Slag Fibers." Materials 15, no. 9 (2022): 3113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093113.

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The online preparation of fibers using molten modified blast furnace slag can not only achieve the high-value-added utilization of the slag but can also make use of the sensible heat of the slag. In this paper, blast furnace slag was modified using iron tailings, and was then used to prepare slag fiber online; the effects of the acidity coefficient on the properties of the molten modified blast furnace slag and modified blast furnace slag fiber were investigated. With an increase in the acidity coefficient from 1.2 to 1.6, the temperature range of the slag melt, with viscosity in the 1–3 Pa·s

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Wang, Jei-Pil, and Urtnasan Erdenebold. "A Study on Reduction of Copper Smelting Slag by Carbon for Recycling into Metal Values and Cement Raw Material." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (2020): 1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041421.

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Copper smelting slag is a solution of molten oxides created during the copper smelting and refining process, and about 1.5 million tons of copper slag are generated annually in Korea. The oxides in copper smelting slag include ferrous (FeO), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), silica (SiO2 from flux), alumina (AI2O3), calcia (CaO) and magnesia (MgO). The main oxides in copper slag, which are iron oxide and silica, exist in the form of fayalite (2FeO·SiO2). Since copper smelting slag contains high content of iron, and copper and zinc, common applications of copper smelting slag can be used in value-added pro

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