Academic literature on the topic 'Blaze Advisor'
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Journal articles on the topic "Blaze Advisor"
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Coffman, Lucas C., and Alexander Gotthard-Real. "Moral Perceptions of Advised Actions." Management Science 65, no. 8 (2019): 3904–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3134.
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Can an organization avoid blame for an unpopular action when an adviser advises it to do it? We present experimental evidence suggesting this is the case—advice to be selfish substantially decreases punishment of being selfish. Further, this result is true despite advisers’ misaligned incentives, known to all: Through a relational contract incentive, advisers are motivated to tell the decision makers what they want to hear. Through incentivized elicitations, we find suggestive evidence that advice moves punishment by affecting beliefs of how necessary the selfish action was. In follow-up treatments, however, we show advice does not decrease punishment solely through a beliefs channel. Advice not only changes beliefs about what happened, but also the perceived morality of it. Finally, in treatments in which advisers are available, the data suggest selfish decision makers act more selfishly. This paper was accepted by Axel Ockenfels, behavioral economics.
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Evans, A. "Flight deck indication of health monitoring data—a critique." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 216, no. 5 (2002): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095441002321028766.
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In September 1995 there was an incident involving an AS332L Super Puma helicopter over the North Sea. This followed the onset of high vibration due to the fatigue failure of a tail rotor blade retaining hinge. This was the first major vibration incident involving a helicopter fitted with a health and usage monitoring system (HUMS). The UK Air Accidents Investigation Branch made a number of recommendations. One was that the UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) should develop the concept of providing a flight deck display of health monitoring information to the flight crew. The CAA asked the Helicopter Health Monitoring Advisory G roup (HHM AG) (an industry body that advises the CAA) to consider the issue. This paper will examine the findings of the H HMAG working group and discuss the practicality of such systems in an operational environment.
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Waters, Adele. "Nurses advised to record shortages to avoid blame." Nursing Standard 13, no. 37 (1999): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.13.37.5.s7.
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Palmeira, Mauricio, Gerri Spassova, and Hean Tat Keh. "Other-serving bias in advice-taking: When advisors receive more credit than blame." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 130 (September 2015): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2015.06.001.
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Choubey, Abhishek, Prashant Baredar, and Neha Choubey. "Power Optimization of NACA 0018 Airfoil Blade of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine by CFD Analysis." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 9, no. 1 (2020): 122–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2020010104.
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The country or region where energy production is based on imported coal or oil will become more self-sufficient by using alternatives such as wind power. Electricity produced by the wind produces no CO2 emissions and therefore does not contribute to the greenhouse effect. Wind energy is relatively labour intensive and thus creates many jobs. Wind energy is the major alternative of conventional energy resources. A wind turbine transforms the kinetic energy in the wind to mechanical energy in a shaft and finally into electrical energy in a generator. The turbine blade is the most important component of any wind turbine. In this article is considered the single airfoil National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 0018 and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is done at different blade angles 0º, 10º, 15º, and 30º with a wind velocity of 4 m/s. The analysis results show that a blade angle of 10º gives the best possible power and pressure and velocity distributions are plotted for every case.
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Degu, Yonas Mitik, and Derbew Alebel. "Design of Composite Gyrocopter Main Rotor Blade Involving Rib and Spar Elements." Journal of Engineering, Project, and Production Management 9, no. 2 (2019): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jeppm-2019-0011.
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Abstract Gyrocopter or gyroplane is a type of rotorcraft that uses an unpowered main rotor in free autorotation to develop lift. Gyrocopter rotor blades have smaller cord length and longer span compared to helicopters blades. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 8-H-12 gyrocopter rotor blade profile, unsymmetrical airfoil sections were used for this research. An attempt has been made in this work to investigate the effect of ribs and spar elements in response to applied load. Three possible modeling alternatives were studied to predict the actual induced stress and deformation of the blade: Model I is by considering the blade shell part only, Model II is blade shell with 25 numbers of ribs and without the spar element and Model III is blade shell with 25 numbers of ribs and with spar element. The rotor blade was sized based on single seat open frame and high-wind-start gyrocopter. Structural static analysis has been carried out to evaluate the strength of composite rotor blade using ANSYS Workbench 15. The results show that among these three proposed models; Model III had registered minimum Von Mises stress and deformation. Also the result reveals that by considering ribs and spar element during analysis of gyrocopter blade is crucial because, it will help to know the actual induced stress and deformation. The predicted value of induced stress and deformation is closer to the actual values will help the designer not to overdesign the parts. Consequently, the main drawbacks related to overdesign increase in weight and cost will be minimized; thereby the product operational efficiency will be improved.
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Chandgude, Nilesh, Nitin Gadhave, Ganesh Taware, and Nitin Patil. "Investigation of stiffness of small wind turbine blade based on vibration analysis technique." Wind Engineering 44, no. 1 (2019): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309524x19849824.
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In this article, three small wind turbine blades of different materials were manufactured. Finite element analysis was carried out using finite element software ANSYS 14.5 on modeled blades of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 4412 airfoil profile. From finite element analysis, first, two flap-wise natural frequencies and mode shapes of three different blades are obtained. Experimental vibration analysis of manufactured blades was carried out using fast Fourier transform analyzer to find the first two flap-wise natural frequencies. Finally, the results obtained from the finite element analysis and experimental test of three blades are compared. Based on vibration analysis, we found that the natural frequency of glass fiber reinforced plastic blade reinforced with aluminum sheet metal (small) strips increases compared with the remaining blades. An increase in the natural frequency indicates an increase in the stiffness of blade.
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Tittus, Paulaiyan, and Paul Mary Diaz. "Horizontal axis wind turbine modelling and data analysis by multilinear regression." Mechanical Sciences 11, no. 2 (2020): 447–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-11-447-2020.
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Abstract. The modelling of each horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) differs due to variation in operating conditions, dynamic parameters, and components. Thus, the choice of profiles also varies for specific applications. So for the better choice of profiles, the wind turbine performance is analysed for different parameters and working conditions. The efficiency of HAWTs mainly depends on the blade, which in turn is related to the profile of the blade, blade orientation, and tip size. Hence, the main aim of the present work is to evaluate the performance of HAWTs for three different blade tip sizes and six different blade twist angles for three major NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) airfoils. A statistical analysis is also carried out to find the influence of different performance parameters such as drag, lift, vorticity, and normal force. The static design parameters are considered based on the available literature. A three-bladed offshore HAWT is adopted as the research object in the study. Data visualization using star glyphs and sunray plots is performed, along with multilinear regression analysis. From the multilinear regression analysis and reliable empirical correlations, it is known that drag coefficient and lift coefficient parameters have less significance in contrast to the other parameters which have more significance in the regression model. The different results obtained in terms of parametric coefficients provide an effective way to generate appropriate airfoil profiles for given HAWTs. Thus, the study helps to achieve better turbine performance, and it serves as a benchmark for future studies on HAWTs.
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García, V., L. Vargas, A. Acuña, et al. "Evaluation of Basalt Fibers on Wind Turbine Blades through Finite Element Analysis." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (April 18, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1536925.
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Here we use finite element analysis to determine the suitability of basalt fiber as a substitute for E-glass in structural applications, which would improve the cost effectiveness of small wind turbine blades. Five NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) profiles were evaluated to select the optimum shape for the wind operation conditions. To obtain the wind load pressure distribution over the blade, a computational aerodynamic analysis by CFD (computational fluid dynamics) was performed based on the blade’s design and operating conditions. Material properties and mechanical tests were carried out to obtain the fiber volume fraction, density, Young’s modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson relation of polymeric matrix composites made using basalt and fiberglass. The obtained wind loads and material properties were used on a FEM (finite element model) analysis to evaluate the structural behavior of the blade under normal and critical operating conditions. Both fibers meet the structural requirements under normal operating conditions. We detected a reduction of 4% in the blade stress when basalt fibers are used instead of glass fibers, and a reduction of 68% in the total deformation for a critical load case of 40 m/s was obtained when using basalt fibers, which met the structural requirements and maximum power generation required for this wind turbine design.
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Kieran, Matthew. "Creativity, Virtue and the Challenges from Natural Talent, Ill-Being and Immorality." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 75 (October 2014): 203–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246114000241.
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We praise and admire creative people in virtually every domain from the worlds of art, fashion and design to the fields of engineering and scientific endeavour. Picasso was one of the most influential artists of the twentieth century, Einstein was a creative scientist and Jonathan Ive is admired the world over as a great designer. We also sometimes blame, condemn or withhold praise from those who fail creatively; hence we might say that someone's work or ideas tend to be rather derivative and uninspired. Institutions and governmental advisory bodies sometimes aspire, claim or exhort us to enable individual creativity, whether this is held to be good for the individual as such or in virtue of promoting wider socio-economic goods. It is at least a common thought that people are more self-fulfilled if they are creative and society more generally is held to be all the better for enabling individual creativity.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Blaze Advisor"
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Korsakas, Artūras. "Veiklos taisyklių manipuliavimo mechanizmo ir duomenų bazės tarpusavio sąveikos tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090715_101402-08242.
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Sprendžiami, veiklos taisyklių specifikavimas ir klasifikavimas manipuliavimo mechanizmais. Tiriama, kaip, duomenų bazės struktūra transformuojama į veiklos taisyklių kūrimo aplinką, neprarandant duomenų struktūros elementų, ir užtikrinant pilną sąveika su duomenų baze.Išanalizuota veiklos taisyklės sąvoka ir jos pritaikymo galimybės veiklos procesų architektūroje. Apžvelgtos šiuolaikinės veiklos taisyklių manipuliavimo mechanizmų architektūros. Plačiau išnagrinėtos Blaze Advisor sistemos galimybės, kaip veiklos taisyklių valdymo sistema. Išnagrinėta 18 literatūros šaltinių. Sudaryta projektavimo metodika. Kurioje atsispindi pagrindiniai principai kaip transformuojama duomenų bazės struktūrą į veiklos taisyklių valdymo sistemos duomenų struktūrą. Laikantis metodikos atliktas eksperimentas tarp Blaze Advisor sistemos ir duomenų bazės. Sudarytos konceptualios schemos vaizduojančios duomenų srautus vykdymo metu informacinėje sistemoje: nuo duomenų bazės iki sprendimo. Suformuota metodika yra skirta praktiniam panaudojimui; ją taikant užtikrinamas sklandus veiklos taisyklių susiejimas su duomenų bazėje saugomais duomenimis sistemos projektavimo ir realizavimo etapuose.<br>Nowadays, nearly all of the commercial and government organizations are highly dependent on software system. Due to the inherent dynamic nature of their business environment, software evolution is inevitable. The growing of needs in management of global organizations similarly is growing the expert systems designing companies, which offer their own organizations management systems. This paper substance is how to transform the data structures to the business rules management systems, without losing the database structure elements, and ensuring fully interaction with the database. Representing the concept of business rules, analyzing architecture of business rules manipulation mechanisms. Exploring the Blaze Advisor as tool of business rule management system, which is implement of components such as: rule sets, decision trees, decision tables, and etc. These components are developing the processes of organization, which helps to efficient maintain and control the operations of internal logic. A study carried out between the Blaze Advisor tool and database, and established how to filtering the data from database, and then a data are transformed into information, and under information using the components to get the solution. To give spirit of this work was formulated a method of transforming data structures into development environment of business rules.
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Ručinskaitė, Agnė. "Veiklos taisyklių specifikavimo šablonais metodika ir jų manipuliavimo tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090831_153208-57701.
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Šiame darbe nagrinėjama veiklos taisyklių sąvoka, jų klasifikacijos būdai bei panaudojimo galimybės skirtingiems poreikiams realizuoti. Kaip veiklos taisyklės yra specifikuojamos ir kokiais būdais galima jomis manipuliuoti. Pagrindinis šio darbo tikslas ištirti taisyklių valdymo įrankį (Blaze Advisor), išnagrinėti veiklos taisyklių specifikavimo principus, naudojant objektiškai orientuotą SRL kalbą bei jų panaudojimo galimybes remiantis vidiniais įrankio komponentais, skirtais veiklos taisyklių realizacijai. Atlikus išsamią analizę pastebėta, jog esti trūkumų, kurie neleidžia efektyviai modeliuoti veiklos taisykles bei apriboja įmonių atstovų priėjimą prie jų. Siekiant pašalinti trūkumus siūloma metodika, kuri suteiktų lankstesnį būdą veiklos taisyklėms kurti bei valdyti. Kuri užtikrintų galimybę veiklos atstovams patiems dalyvauti realizavimo ir kūrimo etape be IT specialisto betarpiškos pagalbos. Realizuojant sistemą siūlomu metodu, suteikiama galimybė veiklos atstovams valdyti veiklos procesus, keičiant veiklos taisyklių leistinas dalis, taip pakeičiant visą programos ir jos vykdymo logiką bei priimamus sprendimus. Galima lengvai veiklos procesus pritaikyti prie besikeičiančių sąlygų, kurios vienaip ar kitaip įtakoja įmonės veiklą, sumažinant įmonės kaštus.<br>In this work there is analyzed business rules` conception, ways of their classification and possibilities to use them in order to realize different needs, how business rules are specified and how you can manipulate them. The main aim of this work is to explore rules Blaze Advisor, to analyze business rules specification principles, by using objectively oriented SRL language and opportunities to use them on the ground of inner advisor components designed for business rules realization. After the detailed analysis it was noticed that there are defects, which don`t let effectively model business rules and narrow the access enterprises representatives to them, trying to eliminate the defects by suggested methods, which would present a more flexible way to create business rules and guide, which would ensure the possibility for business representatives themselves to participate in the realization and creation stage without IT specialists immediate help. Realizing the system by the suggested method, there is a possibility for business representatives to guide business processes, by changing business rules` permissible parts, in this way all the program`s and its realization logic and acceptable decisions. It`s easy to conform business processes to the changeable conditions, which in one or another way make influence to the enterprise`s activity by reducing the enterprise`s costs.
Books on the topic "Blaze Advisor"
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Curtis, Cathy. Painting the President. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190498474.003.0009.
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Elaine’s dealer, Robert Graham, had offered to donate a portrait of President Kennedy to the Harry S. Truman Library. Agreement to this plan was based on her ability to work very quickly. In late December 1962, Elaine arrived at the Winter White House in Palm Springs, California. She was dazzled by JFK. But he was constantly in motion, sitting casually, and likely to show up in sports clothes. Back in New York, Elaine painted dozens of canvases that dissatisfied her. A presidential advisor complained about JFK’s pose. She finally produced a suitable portrait; two months later, Kennedy was assassinated. Grieving, Elaine was unable to paint for a year. A Life magazine story about the portrait ran on May 8, 1964. The Truman Library finally accepted one of the paintings in February 1965, but the portrait now in the National Portrait Gallery is her triumph, a blaze of light and energy.
Book chapters on the topic "Blaze Advisor"
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Fulton, William. "After the Unrest: Ten Years of Rebuilding Los Angeles following the Trauma of 1992." In The Resilient City. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195175844.003.0020.
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It is always difficult to measure urban resilience, but never more so when the trauma results from civil unrest, as opposed to a natural disaster or enemy attack.With natural disasters, it is frequently difficult to place blame, even if “acts of God” are sometimes all too intertwined with ill-advised decisions to site buildings in vulnerable areas. Wars and other attacks usually entail clear enemies, and eventually come to some negotiated halt, accompanied by greater territorial clarity. With riots and civil unrest, by contrast, destruction is community-based. Victims and perpetrators live in close proximity; violence is often inflicted within the very neighborhoods that feel most aggrieved; and recovery entails the need to redress not just physical damage but also deeply ingrained mistrust. Rebuilding, in this sense, requires not just investment in real estate, but also a variety of human capital—local infusions of community dynamism, neighborly cooperation, and no small measure of hope. In the United States, Los Angeles, California, stands out as the site of two generations of civil unrest: the Watts riots of 1965 and the civil unrest of 1992. The 1992 disturbance was the most damaging urban riot in American history, killing fifty-four people and causing hundreds of millions of dollars in property damage. Touched off by the acquittal on April 29 of white police officers accused of beating black motorist Rodney King, the rampage lasted several days and spread to an area much larger than the earlier riots in Watts. The disturbance ranged across dozens of square miles, mostly along the lengthy commercial strips in the southern part of the city of Los Angeles, including many areas not traditionally viewed as part of South Central. It even spilled northward above the Santa Monica Freeway into Hollywood, the traditionally Jewish Fairfax district, and other neighborhoods far from the traditional centers of African-American residence. This chapter investigates a full decade of efforts to rebuild South Central Los Angeles, following the trial of King’s assailants. In so many ways, Los Angeles is a city like no other—a vast but low-rise city, dense and sprawling at the same time. Auto-oriented and generally without high-rises, Los Angeles might seem different from a more traditional metropolis such as New York.
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Willetts, David. "Which Three Years?" In A University Education. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767268.003.0012.
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I meant it when I said that I loved universities. But attitudes to universities are mixed. Other stages of education do better in winning hearts and minds, and politicians react accordingly. The target of three million apprenticeships was celebrated as a popular policy whereas there was little celebration of the reality of two million students in British universities. Telegenic rows of students serve as a backdrop for politicians’ speeches on any subject—apart from higher education itself. Legislation on schools was seen as popular use of parliamentary time but there was reluctance to devote any parliamentary time to sorting out an incoherent legal framework for universities which lagged way behind our reforms. Above all the early years of childhood were seen as far more important than later stages of education in shaping life chances and improving social mobility. I do not begrudge these other stages of education their political appeal— honest! Anyway politicians and their advisers are just reflecting a wider conventional wisdom. Universities themselves helped shape this view of educational priorities. I would go to university meetings where protesters outside demanded more public funding so higher education could be ‘free’ whilst inside earnest public policy students and academics told me that actually public funding should be shifted to the early years or that primary school literacy and numeracy programmes were the real educational priority. These attitudes are influenced by the tendency of educators at whatever level to blame the previous stage of education for their problems. Universities say they would love to recruit someone from a disadvantaged background but prospective students have been let down by their schooling so their A level grades just aren’t good enough and the university cannot gamble on their being able to catch up at such a late stage. Colleges say it is hard for them to focus on helping students get good A levels when they are also expected to provide remedial education for 16–18-year-olds who have failed at secondary school. Secondary schools say it is hard for them to deliver good GCSE results when too many kids arrive from primary school without the basics of reading and writing.
Conference papers on the topic "Blaze Advisor"
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Fan, Jiang, Le Han, Rongqiao Wang, Xiuli Shen, Weiwei Zeng, and Zhipeng Chang. "Research on Structural Design and Optimization of Turbine Blade Shroud." In ASME 2012 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2012-9590.
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An automatic optimization approach for the structural design of turbine blade shroud is presented and applied to the optimal design of a zigzag shroud in this paper. It integrates commercial CAD and CAE softwares into optimization procedure iSIGHT. According to the normal rules of the shroud design and experience, this paper advises a zigzag shroud which is fit for a kind of turbine blade. The parametric model of the shroud is established and the pre-twist angle parameter is taken into consideration. The structural intensity performance of the shroud, which is used to compute the optimal objective and constraints during optimization, is determined by conducting coupled thermal-structural analysis of shrouded turbine blade using the commercial Finite Element code ANSYS. Two application examples of the optimization approach are presented, with optimal objective functions of shrouded blade mass and maximum shroud contact pressure respectively. The latter includes the pre-twist angle as one of design variables. Mechanical and geometry constraints are applied on the design to ensure that the optimized design meets requirements for feasibility of engineering criteria. Simulation results from shroud optimizations by means of the optimization approach prove that the performance of the shroud can be improved significantly through structure optimization. The optimization approach provides an effective method to design and optimize the similar complicated models.
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Sicim, Mürüvvet Sinem, Dinçer Demirci, and Metin Orhan Kaya. "Parametric Study of Helicopter Blade for Active Twist Control Incorporating Macro Fiber Composite Actuator." In ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2018-8144.
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Helicopters suffer from a number of problems raised from the high vibratory loads, noise generation, load capacity limitations, forward speed limitation etc. Especially unsteady aerodynamic conditions due to the different aerodynamic environment between advised and retreating side of the rotor cause most of these problems. Researchers study on passive and active methods to eliminate negative effects of aerodynamic loads. Nowadays, active methods such as Higher Harmonic Control (HHC), Individual Blade Control (IBC), Active Control of Structural Response (ACSR), Active Twist Blade (ATB), and Active Trailing-edge Flap (ATF) gain importance to vibration and noise reduction. In this paper, strain-induced blade twist control is studied integrated by Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) actuator. 3D model is presented to analyze the twisting of a morph and bimorph helicopter rotor blade comprising MFC actuator which is generally applied vibration suppression, shape control and health monitoring. The helicopter rotor blade is modeling with NACA23012 airfoil type and consists of D-spar made of unidirectional fiberglass, ±45° Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) and foam core. Two-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method is used to simulate loop between fluid flow and physical structure to enable the behavior of the complex system. To develop piezoelectric effects, thermal strain analogy based on the similarities between thermal and piezo strains. The optimization results are obtained to show the influence of different design parameters such as web length, spar circular fitting, MFC chord length on active twist control. Also, skin thickness, spar thickness, web thickness are used to optimization parameters to illustrate effects on torsion angle by applying response surface methodology. Selection of correct design parameters can then be determined based on this system results.
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Golas, K., S. Mutter, A. J. Smalley, and G. Quentin. "Application of Digital Video Interactive Technology for Operation and Maintenance of Industrial Gas Turbines." In ASME 1992 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/92-gt-238.
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The operation and maintenance of large combustion turbines for electric power generation can be enhanced by training plant operators and maintenance technicians using Digital Video Interactive (DVI®) technology. DVI® is an all digital format for generating motion video, audio, animation, and graphics and still images. Using DVI® for visual information display provides effective training that encompasses both functional and diagnostic training, and can be augmented by on-line access to gas turbine documentation. The success of DVI® as a training vehicle is expected to be patterned after the success of interactive videodisc with the added advantage of an all digital format. DVI® is being integrated with other advanced technologies including expert systems and intelligent tutoring to form a complete informational resource for diagnostic training, visual data bases, and post disturbance analysis and blade inspection. These informational resources can be applied to on-site training using a new low-cost portable delivery system combining powerful microcomputers, dual visual displays, and large disk storage media. This portable information system is an outgrowth of the EPRI research into field troubleshooting based upon the SA*VANT® system. SA*VANT® is a portable computer-based expert system advisor to aid technicians in troubleshooting the Westinghouse 501 during fail-to-start situations.
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Huo, Chao, Nestor Gonzalez Diez, and Arvind Gangoli Rao. "Numerical Investigations on the Conceptual Design of a Ducted Contra-Rotating Fan." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26292.
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The Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe (ACARE) has set an ambitious array of objectives to be accomplished by 2050. It is often claimed that complying with those targets will not require evolution but, rather, revolution. If the growth in aviation has to be sustained in the future then we must come up with radical aircraft and engine configurations which can meet the demands of future aviation. The contra-rotating fan is one such system which can play an important role in the future engine configurations, such as the hybrid engine configuration that is being investigated in the EU cofounded AHEAD project. In order to design a CRF system, a 1-D code has been developed based on the inverse Blade Element Method (BEM) to design a contra rotating fan. The CRF design obtained from this methodology is then analyzed with a full 3D RANS simulation. The numerical analysis revealed that the performance of the first rotor satisfies with the given design requirements in terms of both pressure ratio and isentropic efficiency, thus proving the efficacy of using the 1-D code for designing the CRF. However, the performance of the rear rotor does not reach the design demands. It was observed that there is a strong flow separation around the root and a strong normal shock in the blade passage near the tip. It was found that there is a great difference between the blade metal inlet angles and the relative flow inlet angles near the root of the rear rotor. One of the main reasons for this is the calculation of the axial velocity depending on the vortex design and the resolution of the radial equilibrium. Based on the CFD simulations, the design code could be further modified to improve the design of CRF.
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Stanley, Gavin D. "Fixed Vane Stator Development for Axial Fan Performance Improvement in Electronics Cooling." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33306.
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An analysis and development method for augmenting flow and pressure performance of electronic cooling axial fans using a fixed vane stator is established using classical hand calculations, 2-dimensional (2D) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, data from a design of experiments, and 3-dimensional (3D) CFD modeling. Where the size of electronic enclosures may disallow an increase in diameter of axial fans but allow for an increase in depth; a fixed vane stator is implemented to recapture lost dynamic pressure associated with swirl and radial flow vectors from the axial fan blades thus augmenting the pressure/flow curve of the unit. Stator blade effectiveness is evaluated and optimized first using data associated with National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) airfoil shapes and then using 2-dimensional (2D) CFD analyses on both the impeller and stator blades. CFD modeling approaches and solving methods are discussed. A Design of Experiments (DOE) is utilized to verify and optimize the performance of the stator vanes and identifies the effectiveness of the stator vane angle, curvature of the stator leading edge, and number of stator vanes. At a constant back pressure the best performing DOE geometry delivered a 22% improvement in flow at constant electrical power input and a 41% improvement in flow at constant acoustic noise. This result was confirmed using a 3D CFD modeling. This analysis and development method provides a good baseline for evaluating and choosing proper stator vane geometries for flow improvement in axial fans.
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Hamrick, Joseph T. "A Review of the History of the NACA Centrifugal Compressor Program and Arrival at Current Computational Design Procedures." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56034.
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Before and during World War Il the design and development of single stage, high pressure ratio centrifugal compressors was essentially a cut and try exercise. To reach a high pressure without substantial experimentation required multiple stages of impellers and diffusers with pressure ratios in the two to one range. While such arrangements were satisfactory for commercial use where weight was not a major consideration, they were not suitable for jet engines. The centrifugal compressor for the Whittle engine, the first British jet engine, was developed by trial and error with numerous modifications of the hub-shroud profile. The centrifugal compressor section of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) designed, built and tested three compressor impellers during and after World War Il. They were part of a program designed to evaluate various blade shapes, but encountered such instabilities at the design pressure ratios that the experimental results led to no definitive conclusions. In 1948 the Centrifugal Compressor Section was given the assignment to further investigate the three impellers. The investigation led to the development of a quasi three dimensional design procedure that eliminated the guesswork from the basic design of a centrifugal impeller. Since the 1948 to 1955 time period over which the procedure was developed, the advances in computers have allowed refinements in the original computational methods. It is the objective of this presentation to review the history of the NACA centrifugal compressor program and efforts that have led to the latest developments in computational design procedures.
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Gonza´lez Di´ez, Ne´stor, Arvind G. Rao, and Jos van Buijtenen. "Conceptual Study of Counter-Rotating Turbofan Engines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22770.
Full textAbstract:
The dramatic growth that air traffic has experienced in the last years is not likely to slow down in the future. The situation for the airlines has however been critical due to the large share of the operating costs corresponding to fuel. On the other hand, the society demands quieter aircraft which is then translated into stricter regulations. The Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe (ACARE) has set an ambitious array of objectives to be accomplished by 2020. It is often claimed that complying with those targets will not require evolution but, rather, revolution. One of the potential future engine configurations being considered is the counter-rotating turbofan (CRTF) concept. This paper addresses the possibilities of improvement that the CRTF can offer with respect to the specific fuel consumption, emissions and noise as compared to the baseline engine, the GE90. Semi-empirical correlations and methodologies have been used for the study. First a Blade Element Method (BEM) is developed to estimate the performance of the fan and to build confidence upon the applied loss and deviation angle models. Next, the design methodology is applied to three cases: a single-stage fan featuring the reference properties of the GE90 engine; a counter-rotating fan (CRF) fan with similar properties as a GE90 fan, but with a lower rotational speed; and a CRF with higher fan pressure ratio (FPR) for lower specific fuel consumption. Finally, noise emission by all the three configurations are estimated by noise models available in the literature. Reductions of equivalent perceived noise level (EPNL) were found to be possible if a CRF is used instead of the baseline single-stage arrangement. Other noise descriptors are also reduced by a similar amount. Approximately equal noise levels are expected if the CRF is of higher pressure than the baseline.
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Eliassen, Lene, and Erin E. Bachynski. "The Effect of Turbulence Model on the Response of a Large Floating Wind Turbine." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61179.
Full textAbstract:
The wind turbine design standards advise choosing one of two recommended turbulence models for load simulations of offshore wind turbines. The difference in fatigue loads for the two turbulence models is relatively small for bottom-fixed wind turbines, but some floating wind turbines show a higher sensitivity to the chosen turbulence model. In this study, the motions and mooring line fatigue damage of two semi-submersible floating wind turbines are investigated for three different wind speeds: 8 m/s, 14 m/s and 20 m/s, and three different wave states for each wind speed. For both concepts, the CSC 5 MW and the CSC 10 MW, the low-frequency surge response is important for the mooring line tension, and the simulations using the Kaimal turbulence model give the largest variation in tension at the surge eigenfrequency. However, using the Mann turbulence model in the load simulations give a higher response in the range of the blade passing frequency (3P). The CSC 10 MW has a higher aerodynamic thrust relative to the CSC 5 MW, and will therefore have a larger surge response at the lower frequencies than the CSC 5 MW. At the lowest wind speed, where the variation in mooring line tension at surge eigenfrequency is high, the fatigue damage is larger if the Kaimal turbulence model is applied to the load simulations. However, at the highest wind speed, using the Mann turbulence model in the simulations, give a higher mooring line fatigue damage.
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Gowreesan, Vamadevan, and Kirill Grebinnyk. "Stress Corrosion Cracking in Steam Turbine: Two Case Studies." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63665.
Full textAbstract:
Stress corrosion cracking in steam turbines had been an old problem though some modern steam turbines have almost eliminated this problem by several methods. The methods include design modification to reduce the stress levels below the threshold stress level for stress corrosion cracking, inducing compressive stress by different means and using pure steam [1, 2]. Some of the older steam turbine discs are prone to stress corrosion cracking. Two cases where such machines experienced stress corrosion cracking in their discs are discussed here. The row 6 disc of an integral steam turbine rotor developed cracks in the root sections. Some of the cracks were mechanically opened for the evaluation. Evaluation of the fracture surfaces with a scanning electron microscope showed evidence of intergranular mode of cracking. Optical microscopy of a cracked root confirmed intergranular mode of cracking. In addition, it showed branching of cracks. Based on these findings, it was concluded that stress corrosion cracking was the reason for the cracks. In addition, finite element analysis was used to calculate the stress distribution in the blade root of the disc. The location of the maximum equivalent stress coincided perfectly with that of the actual crack location in the disc root section. Unfortunately, redesign of the root geometry to minimize the local stress concentration is very difficult due to the size limitation of the blade roots. Small amount of chlorine was identified on the fracture surface and the chlorine could have come from the steam used. The customer was advised to analyze their steam quality and to improve the quality of the steam if needed. The cracked portion was removed from the disc and weld-build up to machine new root sections with the same type of roots. Root section of the row 6 disc of another steam turbine developed failure. This disc had radial entry type blades. Portion of the disc root and some blades were liberated from the disc due to the cracking. The fracture surface had heavy oxide layer on it. Evaluation of the fracture surface with a scanning electron microscope revealed intergranular mode of failure. Energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis of the fracture surface found oxides on the fracture surface. Optical microscopy showed secondary cracking and branched cracking. All these evidences confirmed that the failure occurred due to stress corrosion cracking. In addition, it was suspected that forging was not heat treated properly due to measured lower toughness and different microstructure. The lower toughness was believed to be a result of improper heat treatment rather than that of embrittlement. Methods to mitigate the risk of stress corrosion cracking were proposed.