Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bleaching materials'

The respect for the environment and the saving of natural resources are current problems, which affect all the sectors within a modern society. In the civil engineering field, the main action to overcome these issues is related to the research on innovative solutions, able to combine the environmental benefits with the reduction of costs. As a consequence, the recycling and reuse of wastes and industrial-by products for the production of new materials represent the new frontier in the constructions sector. In the light of the above, the present work shows a laboratory study on the application of a waste digested bleaching clay for the production of materials within civil infrastructures field. The final aim of the project is to give scientific evidence of the use of this industrial-by product as construction material. Furthermore, to combine the dual effect of reducing the quantities of material disposed to landfill with the definition of a functional intended use for this waste. The research project was divided in four macro-activities, each of which is focused on a specific sector of the civil infrastructures. In every activity, the validation of the possible experimental application was given through a full laboratory characterization and by the comparison of results with the requirements imposed by the most common technical specifications for building materials.

Orientador: Marcelo Giannini
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T05:38:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Berger_SandrineBittencourt_M.pdf: 5356625 bytes, checksum: 1b4907c704681cbb071f3574823129e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: Vários estudos têm se preocupado com os efeitos adversos produzidos pelos agentes clareadores de uso caseiro e de consultório. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de agentes clareadores de alta concentração (peróxido de hidrogênio a 35%) utilizados em consultório na dureza, composição química e estrutural do esmalte humano. Sessenta e cinco terceiros molares humanos hígidos foram utilizados. Dois fragmentos de esmalte (4x4x3mm) foram removidos das faces vestibular e lingual de cada dente. As amostras foram divididas em 10 grupos (n=10). Antes do clareamento, foram polidas e submetidas ao teste de microdureza Knoop (KHN) e análise em Espectroscopia Raman Transformada de Fourier (ERTF) para determinação da relação de fosfato (PO4) e carbonato (CO3) presente no esmalte não tratado. O grupo controle (GC) não foi submetido ao tratamento clareador. Nos grupos experimentais foram utilizados três diferentes agentes clareadores (Whiteness HP Maxx - W; Pola Office ¿ P e Opalescence Xtra - O) bem como três formas de irradiação (sem irradiação - SI; irradiação com lâmpada halógena ¿ LH, irradiação com LED + Laser Diodo - L). Após os tratamentos, os géis clareadores foram coletados com a solução de enxágüe para avaliação da concentração de cálcio, utilizando espectrofometria de absorção atômica. Em seguida, as amostras foram submetidas à ERTF, ao teste de microdureza superficial e interna, observadas em microscopia eletrônica de varredura para analisar as alterações na superfície e avaliadas em microscopia de luz polarizada para analisar os efeitos das técnicas de clareamento na desmineralização superficial do esmalte. As médias de microdureza superficial variaram de 297,48±16,29 (O-SI) a 317,86±9,62 (P-L) antes do tratamento clareador e 260,94±17,17 (OSI) a 291,68±16,20 (W-LH, pós-clareamento). Para a microdureza interna as médias variaram de 69,55±42,02 (O-L, 20ìm) a 288,13±53,16 (GC, 80ìm). Na determinação da composição química do esmalte através de ERTF, para o fosfato a média da área do pico de fosfato variou entre 14,50± 0,32 (O-SI) a 14,90 ± 0,28 (P-LH) antes do tratamento, sendo que após o tratamento variaram entre 14,24 ± 0,72 (P-L) a 15,03 ± 0,23 (P-LH). Para o carbonato valores de: 3,60 ± 0,52 (W-LH) a 4,41 ± 0,67 (P-SI) antes do tratamento foram encontrados. Após o tratamento variaram entre: 3,69 ± 0,29 (GC) a 4,41 ± 0,13 (P-LH). A concentração de cálcio presente na solução de enxágüe variou entre 0,32 (W-SI) a 1,61 (O-L). Na microscopia eletrônica de varredura, com exceção do grupo controle, todos os grupos apresentaram alterações morfológicas na superfície. Em microscopia de luz polarizada, os grupos Whiteness sem irradiação, com luz halógena e LED/laser, Pola Office com LED/laser e Opalescence com luz halógena e LED/laser apresentaram desmineralização em profundidade. Observamos alterações no conteúdo mineral pela diminuição significativa dos valores de microdureza, perda de cálcio e desmineralização visualizada em microscopia de luz polarizada, além de alterações morfológicas na superfície do esmalte visualizadas em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Concluímos que a utilização do peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% empregado no tratamento clareador em consultório requer cautela uma vez que, causa alterações na estrutura do esmalte como mostrado no presente estudo
Abstract: Several studies have been concerned with the adverse effects produced by home applied and in-office bleaching treatments. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of highconcentrated bleaching agents (35% hydrogen peroxide) on human enamel microhardness, chemical and structural composition. Sixty and five human third molars human were used. Two enamel blocks (4x4x3mm) were obtained from bucal and lingual surfaces of each tooth. The samples were divided in 10 groups (n=10). Before the bleaching treatment, samples were polished and submitted to microhardness test (Knoop) and Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy (FTRS) analysis in order to determine the concentration of phosphate (PO4) and carbonate (CO3) present the enamel. Control group (CG) was not submitted to the bleaching treatment. In the remaining experimental groups three different bleaching agents were used (Whiteness HP Maxx - W; Pola Office ¿ P and Opalescence Xtra - O) and three ways of irradiation (no light irradiation - N; irradiation with halogen light - HL and irradiation with LED + Diode Laser - L). After the treatments, the rinsing water solution was to evaluate the concentration of calcium, by means of atomic absorption spectrometry analysis. Afterwards, the samples were re-submitted to FTRS and to surface and cross-sectional microhardness measurement. Samples were observed in scanning electron microscopy to observe surface alterations and in polarized light microscopy to examine the effects of the bleaching techniques in the demineralization of the enamel. The average surface microhardness values microhardness ranged from 297.48±16.29 (O-N) to 317.86±9.62 (P-L) before the bleaching treatment and 260.94±17.17 (O-N) to 291.68±16.20 (W-HL) after bleaching. The mean values obtained after cross-sectional microhardness measurement ranged from 69.55±42.02 (O-L, 20µm) to 288.13±53.16 (CG, 80 µm). The phosphate concentration on enamel determined by means of FTRS ranged from 14.50±0.32 (O-N) to 14.90±0.28 (P-HL) before the treatment. After the treatment the phosphate concentration ranged from 14.24±0.72 (P-L) to 15.03±0.23 (P-HL). The concentration of carbonate present on treated enamel ranged from 3.60±0.52 (WHL) to 4.41±0.67 (P-N) before the treatment and after the treatment, the concentration varied from 3.69±0.29 (CG) to 4.41±0.13 (P-LH). The concentration of calcium in the rinsing water solution ranged from 0.32 (W-N) to 1.61 (O-L). The scanning electron microscopy showed that all groups presented morphologic alterations in the surface, except for the control group. The images obtained after polarized light microscopy showed that Whiteness without irradiation, with halogen light and LED/diode laser, Pola Office with LED/diode laser and Opalescence with halogen light and LED/diode laser presented demineralization. Alterations on enamel mineral content, significant decrease of enamel microhardness and calcium concentration, demineralization observed by means of polarized light microscopy and morphological alterations on enamel observed by means of scanning electron microscopy were observed in the present study. In conclusion, the use of the 35% hydrogen peroxide as a bleaching agent in clinical situations requires caution, since it may cause alterations on enamel structure as observed in the present study
Mestrado
Mestre em Materiais Dentários

Orientador: José Roberto Rodrigues
Banca: Marianne Spalding
Banca: Maria Antonio Pereira
Banca: Sérgio Eduardo de Paiva Gonçalves
Banca: Maria Amélia Máximo de Araújo
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro a efetividade de três associações de materiais clareadores na técnica mediata de clareamento de dentes tratados endodonticamente. Foram utilizados 48 pré-molares humanos íntegros, pigmentados artificialmente com sangue humano. Após preparo biomecânico, os canais radiculares foram obturados e o tampão cervical foi confeccionado com 3mm de cimento de fosfato de zinco ao nível da junção amelo-cementária. Os dentes foram divididos em quatro grupos (n=12): C (controle, sem material clareador), A1 (perborato de sódio + água destilada), A2 (perborato de sódio + peróxido de carbamida a 10%) e A3 (perborato de sódio + peróxido de carbamida a 35%). Os materiais clareadores foram trocados aos sete e 14 dias. Concluiu-se que o perborato de sódio associado ao peróxido de carbamida (tanto a 10%, como a 35%) foi mais efetivo do que quando associado à água destilada.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effectiveness of three associations of bleaching agents on artificially stained pulpless teeth. Forty-eight recently extracted intact human premolars were stained by immersing them in human blood, and divided into four groups. All teeth were endodontically treated and 3mm of zinc phosphate cement was placed at the cementoenamel junction. The teeth were divided into one control group and three test groups (n=12): C) control group, without bleaching agent, A1) sodium perborate with water, A2) sodium perborate with 10% carbamide peroxide, A3) sodium perborate with 35% carbamide peroxide. On days 7 and 14, each pulp chamber was refilled with fresh bleaching paste. Color coordinates of CIELAB color system were measured and assessed with the aid of a dental spectrophotometer (EasyShade®, Vita). It was concluded that sodium perborate mixed with carbamide peroxide (10% or 35%) was more effective than mixed with water.
Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:54:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:09:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 12725.pdf: 694845 bytes, checksum: 870ef073a546859ba2181fc3116ba9fe (MD5)
Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia)
IPEN/D-MPLO
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-06-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:01:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 yui_kck_dr_sjc.pdf: 2075475 bytes, checksum: 65332c24d92e3b412ae98ae57ab0f400 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro a efetividade de três associações de materiais clareadores na técnica mediata de clareamento de dentes tratados endodonticamente. Foram utilizados 48 pré-molares humanos íntegros, pigmentados artificialmente com sangue humano. Após preparo biomecânico, os canais radiculares foram obturados e o tampão cervical foi confeccionado com 3mm de cimento de fosfato de zinco ao nível da junção amelo-cementária. Os dentes foram divididos em quatro grupos (n=12): C (controle, sem material clareador), A1 (perborato de sódio + água destilada), A2 (perborato de sódio + peróxido de carbamida a 10%) e A3 (perborato de sódio + peróxido de carbamida a 35%). Os materiais clareadores foram trocados aos sete e 14 dias. Concluiu-se que o perborato de sódio associado ao peróxido de carbamida (tanto a 10%, como a 35%) foi mais efetivo do que quando associado à água destilada.
The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effectiveness of three associations of bleaching agents on artificially stained pulpless teeth. Forty-eight recently extracted intact human premolars were stained by immersing them in human blood, and divided into four groups. All teeth were endodontically treated and 3mm of zinc phosphate cement was placed at the cementoenamel junction. The teeth were divided into one control group and three test groups (n=12): C) control group, without bleaching agent, A1) sodium perborate with water, A2) sodium perborate with 10% carbamide peroxide, A3) sodium perborate with 35% carbamide peroxide. On days 7 and 14, each pulp chamber was refilled with fresh bleaching paste. Color coordinates of CIELAB color system were measured and assessed with the aid of a dental spectrophotometer (EasyShade®, Vita). It was concluded that sodium perborate mixed with carbamide peroxide (10% or 35%) was more effective than mixed with water.

Chlorhexidine mouth rinses remove dental plaque from teeth, preventing dental caries, dental decay, and more serious systemic infections. Tooth discoloration due to extrinsic staining is the most prominent side effect of regular chlorhexidine use. Decreasing the concentration of chlorhexidine reduces staining area and severity. Staining can also be prevented and treated by tooth bleaching, a common cosmetic dental procedure that diminishes extrinsic staining by oxidizing chromagens adsorbed onto the tooth surface. In the proposed trial, common bleaching agents will be investigated for their efficacies in preventing chlorhexidine staining. Results of the trial could further the development of a chlorhexidine mouth rinse that is suitable for long term use.

Enamel plays an important role in tooth function. Optimal combinations of composition and structure endow enamel with unique mechanical properties that remain largely unexplored. Specifically, more detailed understanding of the loadbearing ability of enamel is needed to mimic it synthetically and to design next generation biocomposite materials. This research investigates the variables that influence deformation behaviour of tooth enamel in relation to its hierarchical structure. Initially, a new method was developed for preparing flat, finely polished tooth samples that were maintained in their normal hydrated state for nanoindentation testing. In contrast to conventional methods, which commonly utilise either inappropriate or excessive drying and/or chemically based embedding media (i.e., resins, glues), a novel embedding process was developed using an aqueous putty compound. Additionally, a custom-designed holder was manufactured for mounting wet tooth specimens on the nanoindentation stage that eliminated the need for hot wax or glue during testing. Considering that enamel is a functionally graded material that has different values of Young’s modulus (E) and hardness (H) over the enamel thickness, a new approach of data analysis was developed for interpreting the mechanical properties of enamel at a range of fixed constant indentation depths. Resultant functions were used for predictive purposes. The values of E and H obtained from the nanoindentation instrument demonstrated a well-known decreasing gradient from the enamel occlusal surface towards the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ). In contrast to studies using conventional methods, this research showed that both properties also decreased with increasing depths at fixed locations. Furthermore, experimental results showed that resin embedding had detrimental effects on the E and H of enamel (i.e., both properties decreased with increasing depth), but had positive effects on both mild and severe wear resistance parameters (i.e., both parameters increased with increasing depth). When contrasted against the mechanical properties of enamel samples prepared using conventional protocols, this study postulates that the new hydrated method has, for the first time, revealed the genuine E and H properties of this tissue. The effects of sample preparation methods on tooth microstructure, especially along the EDJ, were investigated with optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The new method of sample preparation combined with a careful dehydration process maintained the integrity of the EDJ interface even after applying multiple Berkovich indents up to maximum load of 400 mN. In contrast, the EDJ and the enamel surface were commonly separated and fractured in teeth that had been resin-embedded. Accordingly, the new method of sample preparation proved to be reliable for investigating the genuine microstructural characteristics of teeth. The behaviour of the elastic region in tooth enamel was investigated with analytical and finite element models. The models were fitted into experimental values of E obtained from nanoindentation tests with a Berkovich indenter to identify a relationship between the mechanical responses of enamel under different loading conditions and microstructure. The decrease in E for enamel with increasing indentation depth was related to its enhanced load-bearing ability. The change of E was directly linked to the microstructural evolution (i.e., the rotation of mineral crystals) of enamel. The effective crystal orientation angle was found to be between 44o and 48o for indentation depths from 0.8 and 2.4 μm below according to the analytical model. The range of angles facilitated the shear sliding of mineral crystals and reduced the stress level as well as the volume of material under higher loads. The behaviour of the plastic region in healthy enamel was investigated with finite element models fitted to nanoindentation data obtained with a Berkovich indenter to determine deformation mechanisms that result in excellent mechanical responses for tooth enamel during loading. When nanoindentation was conducted with increasingly applied loads but at a fixed location, the values of H decreased with increasing indentation depth. The decreasing trend in H was simulated by finite element models and showed a reduction in stress level and yield strength with increasing load. This key mechanism of the loading dependence of mechanical properties resulted in remarkable enamel resilience and was related to the change of effective crystal orientation angle within the enamel microstructure. The mechanical behaviour of enamel with respect to its microstructure was also investigated on teeth exposed to commercially available whitening treatments (tooth bleaching). Enamels exposed to a 6% bleaching treatment exhibited degraded mechanical properties (E and H) compared to unbleached controls. Furthermore, the creep and recovery responses of bleached enamel were also significantly reduced compared to controls. To determine the variables regulating tooth enamel deformation mechanisms during whitening treatments, analytical models were fitted to stress-strain curves. The effective crystal orientation angle of healthy enamel and the protein shear stress, τc, were identified as 50o and 2.5 % of the transverse stiffness of a staggered composite (E2), respectively. After the bleaching treatment, the effective crystal orientation angle of enamel increased to 54o for τc = 1.5 % of E2. Notably, bleaching reduced shear (τc) by 40 % compared to normal readings for unbleached controls. The changes in mechanical responses of bleached enamel were linked to the decrease of the shear bearing ability of protein components in the enamel microstructure. It is envisaged that these findings will provide new perspectives on applications of bleaching treatments and lead to the development of bleaching agents with less damaging effects to healthy enamel. This work should stimulate new interest in understanding the deformation behaviour of tooth enamel at small scales, and offer new methods for the collection and analysis of data from samples prepared close to their native state, upon which novel and biologically relevant high-performance biocomposite materials can be engineered.

The aim of this thesis was to study the fibre surface properties of Birch (Betula ssp.), Eucalyptus (E. urograndis and E. globulus) and Spruce (Picea Abies) pulps bleached using two different methods: ECF (Elementary Chlorine Free) and TCF (Totally Chlorine Free). The hardwood pulps were subjected to a hot acidic stage prior to ECF bleaching in order to remove hexenuronic acid. The effect of prolonged storage (ageing) on the fibre surface properties was studied for all of the pulps.

The characteristics of the fibre surfaces were determined by measuring the dynamic contact angle of single fibres (DCA) and by using Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) and Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS). The correlation between the fibre surface properties and the sizing efficiency of the hardwood pulps were evaluated by measuring the amount of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) needed to reach a certain water absorption level(measured as Cobb₆₀).

The birch pulp was more hydrophilic than the eucalyptus pulps, thus requiring more AKD to reach a certain water absorption value, and also had a lower DCA. The introduction of a hot acidic stage (A stage) in the ECF bleaching sequence applied to the hardwood pulps (i.e. A/D(EP)DD versus D(EP)DD) lowered, as expected, the total fibre charge due to the removal of hexenuronic acids groups (HexA). According to the DCA measurements all of the pulps became more hydrophilic after the A/D(EP)DD bleaching than after the D(EP)DD bleaching sequence. The sizing ability of the pulps, measured as the AKD demand to a certain Cobb₆₀ value, showed that the AKD demand was more or less the same for the eucalyptus pulps regardless of the bleaching sequence used. The birch pulp, on the other hand, required somewhat less AKD in the A/D(EP)DD sequence than in the D(EP)DD.

The AKD demand to a certain Cobb₆₀ value decreased further for the bleached birch and E. globulus pulps after ageing due to an increase in the fibre surface hydrophobicity. ESCA analysis revealed an increase of surface extractives on the pulps after ageing, which was also supported by ToF-SIMS analysis. It was concluded that there was an increase in fatty acids, fatty acid salts and possibly even sterols and glycerides on the fibre surfaces due to ageing. A migration of these components from the interior of the fibre wall to the fibre surface during ageing was verified in this study.

The TCF and ECF bleached softwood pulps also showed differences in their fibre surface properties that were tangible and thereby measurable. The dynamic contact angle was highest for the TCF bleached softwood fibres, i.e. these were more hydrophobic. Although changes caused by ageing were much more pronounced for the ECF fibres, all pulps became more hydrophobic upon ageing.

The hydrophobicity of pulp fibres can be determined using DCA, which is a rather rapid and economically viable analysis. Using this information, a paper/board mill can base its sizing strategy on scientific findings.

The ageing effects seen on the fibre surfaces in the form of the migration of extractives might be an important parameter from an industrial point of view, especially when pulps are stored and/or transported for a long time period. Nowadays it is quite common for pulps to be shipped around the world and subjected to warm and humid conditions. It is therefore probable that the properties of the pulp change in such a way that the papermaking process requires adjustment.

Orientador: André Luiz Fraga Briso
Banca: Paulo Henrique dos Santos
Banca: Mirela Sanae Shinohara
Resumo: Este estudo analisou a influência do ascorbato de sódio 10% (AS) na formação de tags e camada híbrida em dentina após clareamento dental. Materiais e métodos: Foram testados 6 grupos. GI- Controle: somente restaurações de Resina Composta (RC); GII- Ascorbato de Sódio (AS) + RC; GIII- clareamento com peróxido de carbamida 10% (PC) + RC; GIV- PC + AS + RC; GV- clareamento com peróxido de hidrogênio 35% (PH) + RC; GVI- PH + AS + RC. Após os tratamentos, os dentes foram seccionados e descalcificados. Os cortes foram montados em lâminas de vidro e corados pelo método Brown & Brenn. A análise em microscopia óptica comum (Axiophot) em 400X, evidenciou os tags e camada híbrida formados. Resultados: Os dados foram tabulados, sendo obtidas as respectivas médias para comprimento dos tags e a espessura da camada híbrida: GI- 10 e 3.1μm, GII- 9.2 e 2.4 μm, GIII- 5.4 e 1.5 μm, GIV- 6.8 e 2.1 μm, GV- 5.7 e 1.6 μm, GVI- 7.1 e 2.1 μm. Conclusão: O clareamento dental com PC ou PH prejudica a formação de tags resinosos e camada híbrida. O uso do AS aumentou o comprimento destas estruturas
Abstract: This study analyzed the influence of 10% sodium ascorbate (SA) on tag and hybrid layer formation in dentin after bleaching. Materials and Methods: Six groups were tested: GI- Control: restoration; GII- Sodium Ascorbate (SA) + restoration; GIII- Bleaching with carbamide peroxide (CP) + restoration; GIV- bleaching with CP + SA+ restoration; GV- bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) + restoration; and GVI- HP + SA + restoration. After treatments, the teeth were sectioned and decalcified. The length of resin tags and thickness of the hybrid layer were analyzed using optical microscopy (Axiophot). Results: The following results were obtained for the groups: GI- 10 and 3.1 μm, GII- 9.2 and 2.4 μm, GIII- 5.4 and 1.5 μm, GIV- 6.8 and 2.1 μm, GV-5.7 and 1.6 μm, GVI-7.1 and 2.1 μm (length of resin tags and thickness of the hybrid layer, respectively). Conclusion: Dental bleaching with CP or HP impairs the formation of resin tags and hybrid layer. The use of SA increases these measures
Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-03-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:30:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 machado_js_me_arafo.pdf: 2259964 bytes, checksum: 7e24645a8db75d3219fc3b67c94f8d3a (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Este trabalho teve por finalidade analisar a influência do tempo de espera sobre a adaptação e capacidade de penetração de materiais resinosos sobre o esmalte dental submetido ao tratamento clareador através de dois diferentes agentes clareadores, ou sejam: Peróxido de Carbamida 16% (Clarigel Gold - Dentsply) e Peróxido de Hidrogênio 38%(Opalescence X-tra Boost - Ultradent) .Assim, quarenta e oito pré-molares hígidos foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o agente clareador a ser utilizado, sendo, cada grupo subdividido em 4 sub-grupos com 6 espécimes de acordo com o tempo de espera para aplicação do material resinoso após o término do tratamento clareador : restauração imediata; 7dias; 14 dias e 30 dias. Após a conclusão do tratamento clareador a análise da adaptação da resina composta foi observada através de microscopia óptica comum sob luz polarizada, em aumento de 200x sendo que, a avaliação da penetração dos prolongamentos resinosos em esmalte dental em aumento de 400x. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística, sendo que, os dados originais foram transformados em médias proporcionais dos comprimentos dos tags do Grupo Controle e dos Grupos experimentais transformados em arcoseno. Assim, foi realizada Análise de Variância que indicou uma diferença estatisticamente significante para o fator tempo de espera utilizados para execução das restaurações adesivas pós clareamento. O teste de Tukey comprovou que as médias proporcionais dos tempos de aplicação do sistema adesivo pós-clareamento, quando comparados entre si , mostram que os melhores resultados foram obtidos quando o tempo de espera para aplicação do sistema adesivo foi a partir do 7o dia, sendo que o tempo de espera imediato (T1) apresentou as menores médias proporcionais e os tempos T3 e T4 (14 e 30º dias), apresentaram as... .
This work has had the aim to analyse the influence of waiting time on the adaptation and penetration capacity of resinous materials on the dental enamel submithed the bleaching treatment, through the two different bleaching agents, on thus: Carbamide Peroxide 16% (Clarigel Gold - Dentsply) and Hidrogen Peroxide 38% (Opalescense X-tra Boost - Ultradent). So, forty - eight sound bicuspids were divided in two groups according to the bleaching agent to be used, and each subdivided group in 4 (four) with 6 (six) specimens, according to the waiting time to be application of the resinous material, after the end of the bleaching treatment: immediate filling; 7 days; 14 days and 30 days. After the conclusion of the bleaching treatment the analysis of the of the composite resin adaptation was observed through the optical microscopy, under polarized light, in augment of 200x, being that, the penetration assessment of resinous prolongament in the dental enamel in augment of 400x. The results obtained were submitted to the statistical analysis, being that, the original data were transformed in proportional means of lengh of the Control Group tags and the Experimental Groups transformed in archsene. So, the Variance Analyses was made that indicated a statiscally significant difference for the waiting time factor used to perform the adhesive fillings, after bleaching. The Tukey test corroborated that the proportional means of application times of postbleaching adhesive system, when compared among them, show that the best results obtained, when the waiting time to the adhesive system application was since the 7º day, being that the immediate waiting time (T1) presented the minor proportional means and the times T3 e T4 (14 and 30º days), presented the greater proportional means, equalized among them. Besides this results, the optical microscopy... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).

Orientador: Maria Salete Machado Cândido
Banca: José Roberto Cury Saad
Banca: Dirceu Vieira
Resumo: Este trabalho teve por finalidade analisar a influência do tempo de espera sobre a adaptação e capacidade de penetração de materiais resinosos sobre o esmalte dental submetido ao tratamento clareador através de dois diferentes agentes clareadores, ou sejam: Peróxido de Carbamida 16% (Clarigel Gold - Dentsply) e Peróxido de Hidrogênio 38%(Opalescence X-tra Boost - Ultradent) .Assim, quarenta e oito pré-molares hígidos foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o agente clareador a ser utilizado, sendo, cada grupo subdividido em 4 sub-grupos com 6 espécimes de acordo com o tempo de espera para aplicação do material resinoso após o término do tratamento clareador : restauração imediata; 7dias; 14 dias e 30 dias. Após a conclusão do tratamento clareador a análise da adaptação da resina composta foi observada através de microscopia óptica comum sob luz polarizada, em aumento de 200x sendo que, a avaliação da penetração dos prolongamentos resinosos em esmalte dental em aumento de 400x. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística, sendo que, os dados originais foram transformados em médias proporcionais dos comprimentos dos "tags" do Grupo Controle e dos Grupos experimentais transformados em arcoseno. Assim, foi realizada Análise de Variância que indicou uma diferença estatisticamente significante para o fator tempo de espera utilizados para execução das restaurações adesivas pós clareamento. O teste de Tukey comprovou que as médias proporcionais dos tempos de aplicação do sistema adesivo pós-clareamento, quando comparados entre si , mostram que os melhores resultados foram obtidos quando o tempo de espera para aplicação do sistema adesivo foi a partir do 7o dia, sendo que o tempo de espera imediato (T1) apresentou as menores médias proporcionais e os tempos T3 e T4 (14 e 30º dias), apresentaram as... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: This work has had the aim to analyse the influence of waiting time on the adaptation and penetration capacity of resinous materials on the dental enamel submithed the bleaching treatment, through the two different bleaching agents, on thus: Carbamide Peroxide 16% (Clarigel Gold - Dentsply) and Hidrogen Peroxide 38% (Opalescense X-tra Boost - Ultradent). So, forty - eight sound bicuspids were divided in two groups according to the bleaching agent to be used, and each subdivided group in 4 (four) with 6 (six) specimens, according to the waiting time to be application of the resinous material, after the end of the bleaching treatment: immediate filling; 7 days; 14 days and 30 days. After the conclusion of the bleaching treatment the analysis of the of the composite resin adaptation was observed through the optical microscopy, under polarized light, in augment of 200x, being that, the penetration assessment of resinous prolongament in the dental enamel in augment of 400x. The results obtained were submitted to the statistical analysis, being that, the original data were transformed in proportional means of lengh of the Control Group tags and the Experimental Groups transformed in archsene. So, the Variance Analyses was made that indicated a statiscally significant difference for the waiting time factor used to perform the adhesive fillings, after bleaching. The Tukey test corroborated that the proportional means of application times of postbleaching adhesive system, when compared among them, show that the best results obtained, when the waiting time to the adhesive system application was since the 7º day, being that the immediate waiting time (T1) presented the minor proportional means and the times T3 e T4 (14 and 30º days), presented the greater proportional means, equalized among them. Besides this results, the optical microscopy... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Mestre

Objetivo: Investigar in situ a influência de materiais bioativos sobre a superfície do esmalte e dentina clareados, utilizando o teste de dureza Knoop (KHN), microscópio por emissão de campo (FEG) e quantificação do conteúdo mineral por fluorescência do substrato dental (QLF). Material e Métodos: Vinte molares humanos intactos foram selecionados. Para KHN e FEG, foram necessários 10 dentes. Foram obtidos 6 espécimes da porção cervical de cada dente, contendo esmalte e dentina, e distribuídos entre os 5 grupos experimentais, mais um controle (n=10). O grupo controle (sem tratamento) foi utilizado para o FEG, pois neste tipo de análise há destruição da amostra, não sendo possível a utilização de um mesmo espécime para obtenção de imagens nas fases antes e após o tratamento. Para o teste de dureza, as fatias tiveram os valores iniciais de dureza do esmalte e dentina medidos. Para o QLF, foram usados outros 10 dentes. Cada um foi seccionado em 5 fragmentos de esmalte superficial, retirados da porção coronária de cada dente. Metade de cada espécime foi protegida com verniz e a outra metade serviu para entrar em contato com os diversos tratamentos. Os fragmentos tiveram a quantificação mineral inicial medida pelo QLF. Todos os espécimes foram montados em retentores palatinos intraorais e usados por 10 voluntários durante 24h/dia, por 14 dias. Em cada dispositivo, eram aplicados os 5 diferentes tratamentos: 1: Opal, tratamento clareador com peróxido de carbamida (PC) 15% - Opalescence PF, Ultradent; 2: NiteWhite ACP, PC16% (Philips); 3: Opal + Bio (Biosilicato®, Vitrovita) misturados; 4: Opal Bio (Biosilicato® aplicado por 5 min, 1 vez por semana após clareamento); 5: Opal Rel ACP, Relief ACP (Philips) aplicado por 30 min por dia após clareamento. Em seguida, foram realizadas análises finais de KHN, FEG e QLF. Resultados: A análise estatística revelou que no grupo Opal houve redução significante dos valores de dureza em esmalte. No grupo Opal Bio, a aplicação do material bioativo não foi capaz de evitar a desmineralização do esmalte. Para os demais grupos, não houve alteração dos valores de dureza. Na dentina, o grupo Opal também causou diminuição na dureza. Nos grupos Opal Bio e Opal Rel ACP, a aplicação dos dois materiais bioativos não foi suficiente para evitar diminuição dos valores de dureza em dentina. Já nos grupos NW ACP e Opal + Bio, não foi observada desmineralização desse substrato. Os dados de dureza refletem os resultados observados na análise ultraestrutural do esmalte e da dentina, em que os grupos NW ACP e Opal + Bio apresentaram os melhores desempenhos em relação aos demais grupos. A análise por QLF não apresentou sensibilidade para detectar diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos e nem entre as fases inicial e final em nenhum dos grupos. Conclusão: No grupo Opal, observa-se desmineralização do esmalte e dentina clareados. A aplicação de Biosilicato® 1x por semana não foi suficiente para evitar alterações em esmalte e dentina. Relief ACP, aplicado diariamente após o tratamento clareador, foi capaz de evitar alterações em esmalte, mas não em dentina. A mistura de um gel clareador com um agente bioativo, como acontece nos grupos NW ACP e Opal + Bio, teve influência positiva em relação à dureza e morfologia da estrutura dental evitando sua desmineralização; nesses dois grupos, foram observados os melhores resultados tanto de dureza, quanto na análise ultraestrutural.
Objective: To Investigate in situ the influence of bioactive materials on whitened enamel and dentin surfaces using Knoop hardness test (KHN), field emission microscope (FEG) and quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Material and Methods: Twenty intact human molars were selected. Ten teeth for KHN and FEG were used. Six specimens were obtained from the cervical portion of each tooth, containing enamel and dentin. The slices were distributed into five experimental groups and one control (n=10). The control group (no treatment) was used for the FEG images, as this type of analysis destroys the sample, making it impossible to use the same specimens for before and after treatment images. For the hardness test, the enamel and dentin baseline Knoop hardness were measured for each slice for the control group and the five experimental groups. For QLF the other 10 teeth were used, each one sectioned into 5 superficial enamel slices. Half of each specimen was protected with varnish and the other half used to be in contact with the different treatments. The specimens had their baseline mineral content values measured by QLF. All specimens were mounted on intra-oral palatal retainers, which were used by 10 volunteers during 24h/day for 14 days. On each retainer five different treatments were applied: 1: Opal, whitening treatment (WT) with Opalescence PF, 15% carbamide peroxide (CP) (Ultradent); 2: NW ACP, whitening treatment with NiteWhite ACP, 16% CP (Philips); 3: Opal + Bio (Biosilicate®, Vitrovita) mixed; 4: Opal Bio (Biosilicate® applied for 5 minutes once a week after WT; 5: Opal Rel ACP, Relief ACP (Philips) applied 30 min per day after WT. Afterward, further KHN, FEG and QLF analysis were performed. Results: A statistical analyses revealed that the Opal group had a significant enamel hardness decrease. In the Opal Bio group, the application of the bioactive material was not able to prevent enamel demineralization. For the other groups changes in the hardness values were not observed. The Opal group also caused hardness decrease in the dentin. In the Opal Bio and Opal Rel ACP groups the application of the two bioactive materials was not enough to prevent the dentin hardness decrease. In the NW ACP and Opal + Bio groups demineralization of the substrate was not observed. The hardness data reflect the results observed in the ultra structural analysis of enamel and dentin, which groups NW ACP and Opal + Bio showed better performance compared to other groups. The QLF analysis was not sensitive enough to detect statistically significant differences between groups or between the initial and final phases in either groups. Conclusion: Enamel and dentin demineralization was observed for the Opal group. The application of Biosilicato® once a week was not enough to prevent enamel and dentin alterations. Relief ACP, applied daily after the whitening treatment, prevented changes in enamel but not in the dentin samples. The bioactive materials, when incorporated in the whitening gel (NW ACP and Opal + Bio groups), deliver positive benefits for tooth hardness and morphology, preventing demineralization; in both groups better hardness and morphology results were observed.

As alterações cromáticas dos dentes têm etiologia diversa e podem surgir da atuação de fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos. As alterações decorrentes de fatores intrínsecos, por sua vez, podem ser classificadas como de natureza congênita ou adquiridas. Estas últimas podem manifestar-se antes ou após a erupção do dente e incluem as alterações cromáticas dos dentes portadores de polpa morta e dos dentes endodonticamente tratados. Procedimentos inadequados durante o tratamento endodôntico, como deixar permanecer restos necróticos no interior da câmara coronária após a cirurgia de acesso ou o emprego de substâncias medicamentosas na forma de medicação intracanal ou de cimento obturador, podem promover a pigmentação da coroa. Em 1850, Dwinelle propôs o emprego de uma bolinha de algodão impregnada de peróxido de hidrogênio a 30% que deveria permanecer no interior da câmara coronária entre duas sessões clínicas. Os primeiros efeitos adversos do tratamento clareador foram descritos por Harrington & Natkin em 1979 ao relatarem 4 casos clínicos de reabsorções radiculares cervicais externas. Entre outros efeitos adversos têm-se relatado a diminuição da adesividade do material restaurador à dentina clareada por falhas de ordem tanto adesiva como coesiva. Segundo os pesquisadores tal efeito estaria relacionado às alterações microestruturais e à presença de oxigênio residual na dentina que interfeririam com a polimerização do material restaurador. Em 1993 Rotstein utilizou in vitro a enzima Catalase para impedir sua difusão de oxigênio para a superfície radicular externa. No atual experimento avaliou-se o papel da Catalase na neutralização de peróxido de hidrogênio residual com vistas a devolver ao dente suas características normais de adesividade. Os resultados mostraram haver diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as soluções de 10mg e 250mg e entre as soluções de 50mg e 250mg, quanto à adesividade do material restaurador, de tal forma que a solução de 250mg promoveu maiores valores de resistência adesiva tanto em relação a de 10mg como em relação a de 50mg. Não verificou-se diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos experimentais e seus respectivos grupos controle. Dadas as condições experimentais concluiu-se que a Catalase na concentração de 250mg restaurou a adesividade da estrutura dentinária clareada.
The teeth color changes have diverse etiology and they can come out as consequence of intrinsic as extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors can be congenital or acquired and these last can disclose so before as after tooth eruption. Crown color changes from acquired factors are related to nonvital as to endodontic treated teeth. This way pulp degradation byprocutcs can infiltrate the dentin tubules and change the crown color in nonvital teeht. Root canal therapy iatrogenic factors regarding crown staining comprise the presence of pulp remmanents in pulp chamber, intracanal medicaments and endodontic cements or sealsers. Even in 1850 Dwinelle have suggested that teeth could be bleached with Hydrogen Peroxide and in 1979 Natking & Harrington have reported cervical external root resorption as an adverse effect in bleaching endodontic treated teeth. Among the undesirerable effects of teeth bleaching researchers have been reporting such a reduction in the adhesive bond strength of the bleached dentin that would be probably related to tissue microstructural changes and the presence of residual Oxigen inside the structures. In 1993 Rotstein et al. have employed the enzyme Catalase for inactvating this residual Oxygen to not allow it to diffuse to the external root surface. The current in vitro experiment have evaluated the role of Catalase in the neutralization of Hydrogen Peroxide looking for reestablishent of the normal dentin bond adhesion characteristics. Seccionated forty teeth provide eighty specimens whose were bleached with a paste made of 30% Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Perborate. Subsequentely all specimens were immersed in four differents Catalase solutions during 3min. Kruskal- Wallis tests revealed statistically signifcant reduction in bond strengths for the specimens treated with Catalase 250mg.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:31:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 toseto_rm_me_araca.pdf: 538183 bytes, checksum: 66c14e3d1e29de028537c8e3fbfe3bab (MD5)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Este estudo analisou a influência do ascorbato de sódio 10% (AS) na formação de tags e camada híbrida em dentina após clareamento dental. Materiais e métodos: Foram testados 6 grupos. GI- Controle: somente restaurações de Resina Composta (RC); GII- Ascorbato de Sódio (AS) + RC; GIII- clareamento com peróxido de carbamida 10% (PC) + RC; GIV- PC + AS + RC; GV- clareamento com peróxido de hidrogênio 35% (PH) + RC; GVI– PH + AS + RC. Após os tratamentos, os dentes foram seccionados e descalcificados. Os cortes foram montados em lâminas de vidro e corados pelo método Brown & Brenn. A análise em microscopia óptica comum (Axiophot) em 400X, evidenciou os tags e camada híbrida formados. Resultados: Os dados foram tabulados, sendo obtidas as respectivas médias para comprimento dos tags e a espessura da camada híbrida: GI- 10 e 3.1μm, GII- 9.2 e 2.4 μm, GIII- 5.4 e 1.5 μm, GIV- 6.8 e 2.1 μm, GV- 5.7 e 1.6 μm, GVI- 7.1 e 2.1 μm. Conclusão: O clareamento dental com PC ou PH prejudica a formação de tags resinosos e camada híbrida. O uso do AS aumentou o comprimento destas estruturas
This study analyzed the influence of 10% sodium ascorbate (SA) on tag and hybrid layer formation in dentin after bleaching. Materials and Methods: Six groups were tested: GI- Control: restoration; GII- Sodium Ascorbate (SA) + restoration; GIII- Bleaching with carbamide peroxide (CP) + restoration; GIV- bleaching with CP + SA+ restoration; GV- bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) + restoration; and GVI- HP + SA + restoration. After treatments, the teeth were sectioned and decalcified. The length of resin tags and thickness of the hybrid layer were analyzed using optical microscopy (Axiophot). Results: The following results were obtained for the groups: GI- 10 and 3.1 μm, GII- 9.2 and 2.4 μm, GIII- 5.4 and 1.5 μm, GIV- 6.8 and 2.1 μm, GV–5.7 and 1.6 μm, GVI-7.1 and 2.1 μm (length of resin tags and thickness of the hybrid layer, respectively). Conclusion: Dental bleaching with CP or HP impairs the formation of resin tags and hybrid layer. The use of SA increases these measures

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar os efeitos do clareamento caseiro, com peróxido de carbamida 10%, e clínico, com peróxido de carbamida 37%, na microdureza e alteração de cor de duas resinas compostas (Z250 e Supreme). Foram confeccionados 100 espécimes, 60 para microdureza e 40 para alteração de cor, com 6mm de diâmetro e 2mm de espessura, em resina composta. A matriz foi preenchida em um único incremento e polimerizada por 20s. Na seqüência os espécimes foram polidos com lixas #1200 e com pasta diamantada. Realizou-se então a primeira medição de dureza e cor dos espécimes. A seguir, para o estudo de cor foi realizada o manchamento com café durante 7 dias e então realizado uma segunda medição da cor. Os espécimes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos para microdureza e 2 grupos para cor (n=10) de acordo com o tratamento clareador. Para o clareamento clínico foram realizadas três sessões com intervalo de 7 dias entre elas. Para o clareamento caseiro foram feitas 4h de aplicações diárias durante 14 dias. Nos intervalos entre os procedimentos de clareamentos os espécimes foram armazenados em saliva artificial a 37ºC. Após o final do clareamento nova medição de microdureza e cor foram realizadas. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ANOVA e Fisher (p<0,05). Para a microdureza os dados revelaram que a Z250, o tratamento clínico e antes do tratamento apresentaram valores estatisticamente superiores aos demais. Na análise da cor pode-se observar que ΔE e Δb apresentaram diferenças significativas para os fatores material, tratamento e entre os grupos, para o ΔL a Z250 apresentou-se mais escura que a Supreme. Na comparação do clareamento como o padrão observou-se não haver diferenças significativas entre o ΔE e ΔL para nenhum fator, porém diferenças significativas apresentaram-se para o Δa e Δb para os fatores material e tratamento. Pode-se concluir que os dois métodos de clareamento foram eficientes em clarear os espécimes a valores próximos ao padrão, sendo mais efetivo o clareamento clínico sem alterar a dureza dos materiais e tendo a Supreme apresentado melhor comportamento que a Z250 no retorno da coloração inicial.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of home bleaching (10% carbamide peroxide) and in office bleaching (37% carbamide peroxide) on the color alteration and microhardness of two composite resins (Z250 and Supreme). For this purpose, it was prepared 100 specimens of resin, 60 for microhardness and 40 for color alteration, with 6mm diameter X 2mm thickness. The matrix was filled in a single increment and the resin was light cured for 20s. Specimens were polished after 24 hours with sandpaper #1200 and diamond paste. In this moment, the first color measurements (standard) and also microhardness measurements were realized. After, in the color study specimens were immersed in coffee for a seven days period, subsequently, a second color measurement was realized. Specimens were randomly divided in three groups for microhardness and two groups for color alteration (n=10) according to bleaching treatment. For the office bleaching were realized in 3 sessions with interval of 7 days among them, and every session were realized 3 applications of the bleach agent for 20 min. For the home bleaching, it was done daily applications with 4h duration by 14 days. Specimens were kept in artificial saliva at 37ºC ± 1ºC during intervals between the bleaching proceedings. A new microhardness and color measurements were realized in the end of the bleaching cycle. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Fisher test (p<0.05) and in relation to microhardness showed that Z250 (material), in office bleaching (treatment) and before bleaching (time) presented higher statistically significant values comparing to the others results. For color alteration showed that ΔE and Δb were statistically significant differences for the following factors: material, treatment and interactions, for ΔL values, Z250 presented darker than Supreme. In the comparison of bleaching with the standard values, it was not observed statistically significant difference between ΔE e ΔL for all factors; however, it was observed significant difference to Δa and Δb for the factors material and treatment. It can be concluded that both methods of bleaching were efficient in brightness specimens to values near from standard. Furthermore, in office bleaching was more effective without change materials micro hardness and Supreme presented better behavior than Z250 in relation to return to initial color.

Orientador: Giselle Maria Marchi Baron
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T09:17:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_AnaPaulaBritoda_M.pdf: 2693552 bytes, checksum: b8df241111c3d0d8f3d4ba79d1bf4688 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar o efeito de um gel de ascorbato de sódio estabilizado a 3% (AE) e de sistemas adesivos, contendo diferentes solventes orgânicos (acetona ou álcool), sobre a resistência de união ao esmalte humano tratado previamente com peróxido de carbamida a 10% (PC), estabelecendo o padrão de fratura através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Quarenta terceiros molares humanos foram selecionados, limpos e armazenados em solução salina de timol a 0,1%. Oitenta fragmentos de 16mm2 foram obtidos das superfícies vestibular e lingual, utilizando-se discos diamantados de dupla-face, em baixa rotação, sob constante irrigação. Os fragmentos foram cobertos com fina camada de cera no7 e embebidos em cilíndro por resina autopolimerizável de poliestireno. Posteriormente, foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos de acordo com o tipo de tratamento a ser submetido (G1- Saliva, durante todo o experimento; G2- PC, 14 dias/6h, G3- PC, 14dias/6horas + AE após o clareamento, 4dias/7horas e G4- PC, 14dias/6h e AE, durante o clareamento, 2horas). Iniciou-se o tratamento clareador no G3, 4 dias antes dos demais. Os quatro grupos foram subdivididos em oito grupos de acordo com o tratamento restaurador (G1SB, G2SB, G3SB e G4SB- Single Bond + TPH e G1NT, G2NT, G3NT e G4NT- Prime&BondNT + TPH). Finalizado o tratamento restaurador, os fragmentos foram imediatamente preparados para o ensaio de microtração. Cortes seriados foram realizados em cada amostra para obtenção de duas fatias centralizadas de, aproximadamente, 1mm de espessura. Posteriormente, com auxílio de uma broca 1093FF, foi confeccionado em cada fatia, uma constricção, com área adesiva de, aproximadamente, 1mm2, em forma de ampulheta. Os testes de microtração foram realizados em máquina de ensaio Universal, com velocidade de 0,5mm/min. ANOVA e teste de Tukey indicaram que não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos não clareados e os clareados tratados com ascorbato de sódio estabilizado a 3%. Entretanto, para o grupo clareado apenas, a resistência de união foi significantemente diminuída. Para o fator adesivo, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre Single Bond e Prime&BondNT. Nas observações em MEV, foi verificada presença de bolhas no adesivo Prime&BondNT do grupo clareado. Os padrões de fratura demonstraram maior número de falhas coesivas nos materiais resinosos submetidos ao clareamento. O gel de ascorbato de sódio estabilizado a 3%, independente da técnica de uso, foi capaz de melhorar os valores de resistência de união ao esmalte clareado
Abstract: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of a 3% sodium ascorbate gel stabilized (AE) as well as of adhesive organic solvents derived from alcohol or acetone onto the bond strength to human enamel previously treated with carbamide peroxide at 10%, defining the fracture pattern by electronic scanning microscopy. Forty human third molars were selected, cleaned, and kept in saline solution of timol at 0,1%. Eighty fragments of 16mm2 were obtained by the use of double-face diamond discs, in low rotation, under constant irrigation, perpendicularly to buccal and lingual surfaces. The fragments were relieved with a thin layer of wax n° 7 and steep in a cylinder by a self-curing polyester resin. Afterwards, they were random divided into four groups according to the type of bleaching technique to be employed (G1-saliva, G2-PC for 14 days, G3-PC + AE after bleaching for 7 daily hours, during 4 days and G4- PC and AE during bleaching, daily during 2 hours). The four groups were subdivided into eight groups according to the restorative technique (G1A, G2A, G3A and G4A - Single Bond (SB) + TPH and G1B, G2B, G3B and G4B - Prime&BondNT (NT) + TPH). Bleaching treatment was started in the G3, four days before the other groups. Concluded the restorative treatment, the fragments were immediately prepared for micro-traction procedure. Serial cuts were performed in each sample to obtain two centralized slices 1mm thick. Afterwards, using a 1093 FF drill, an hour-glass was done in each slice, with adhesive area of approximately 1mm2. The microtensile tests were performed in an Universal essay machine, at 0,5 mm/min speed. ANOVA and Tukey test indicated that there wasn¿t statistical difference between non-bleached groups and the bleached ones treated with sodium ascorbate at 3%. However, for the group just bleached, the bond strength was significantly decreased. Regarding the adhesive factor, there was not statistically significant difference between SB and NT. On Electronic Scanning Microscopy observations, it was detected the presence of bubbles in the adhesive NT of the bleached group. The fracture standards demonstrated higher number of cohesive failures in the resinous materials undergone to bleaching
Mestrado
Dentística
Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

Orientador: Giselle Maria Marchi Baron
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T12:14:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_AnaPaulaBritoda_M.pdf: 4666067 bytes, checksum: 6eaa4a564293d2a7a9e71635aad24d2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar o efeito do tempo de aplicação de gel de ascorbil a 3% (AE) sobre a resistência de união ao esmalte bovino tratado previamente com peróxido de carbamida a 10% (PC), estabelecendo o padrão de fratura através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Sessenta incisivos bovinos foram selecionados, limpos e armazenados em solução salina de timol a 0,1%. Sessenta fragmentos de 25mm2 foram obtidos da superfície vestibular, utilizando-se discos diamantados de dupla-face, em baixa rotação, sob constante irrigação. Os fragmentos foram cobertos com fina camada de cera 7 e embebidos em cilíndro por resina autopolimerizável de poliestireno. Posteriormente, foram divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos, sendo dois controles: GS (saliva, durante todo o experimento) e GP (PC, por seis horas, durante 14 dias) e quatro experimentais, que após a utilização diária do PC, foram submetidos à aplicação de gel antioxidante por 15, 30, 60 ou 120 minutos, respectivamente (GPA15, GPA30, GPA60 e GPA120). Imediatamente após o tratamento, os fragmentos foram condicionados com ácido fosfórico a 37% (Dentsply) e restaurados com sistema adesivo Adper Single Bond (3M-ESPE) e três incrementos horizontais de resina TPH (Dentsply). Finalizado o tratamento restaurador, os fragmentos foram preparados para o ensaio de microtração. Cortes seriados foram realizados em cada amostra para obtenção de duas fatias centralizadas de, aproximadamente, 1mm de espessura. Posteriormente, com auxílio de uma broca 1093FF, foi confeccionado em cada fatia, uma constrição, com área adesiva de, aproximadamente, 1mm2, em forma de ampulheta. Os testes de microtração foram realizados em máquina de ensaio EMIC, com velocidade de 0,5mm/min. A ANOVA e o Teste de Dunnet indicaram haver diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos testados. Comparando-se o controle positivo (GS) com os demais, verificou-se que apenas o controle negativo (GP) diferiu estatisticamente. Quando se comparou o GP com os outros grupos, foi observada diferença estatística com o GS e o GPA120. Para comparação apenas entre os grupos experimentais (GPA15, GPA30, GPA60 e GPA120), foi aplicado o teste ANOVA e análise de regressão polinomial, que revelaram não haver diferença estatisticamente significativa para o fator tempo, de forma isolada. Foi detectada, através de observações em microscopia eletrônica de varredura, presença de pequenas bolhas no grupo clareado. Os padrões de fratura demonstraram maior número de falhas mistas, para todos os grupos testados. O gel de ascorbil a 3%, aplicado no tempo de duas horas, parece ser o mais indicado, para recuperar os valores de resistência de união ao esmalte clareado com peróxido de carbamida a 10%
Abstract: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect that elapsed time (15 min, 30 min, 1 hour e 2 hours) of a 3% ascorbil gel (AE) onto the bond strength to bovine enamel previously treated with carbamide peroxide at 10%, defining the fracture pattern through electronic scanning microscopy. Sixty bovine incisors were selected, cleaned, and stored in saline solution of timol at 0.1%. Sixty fragments of 25mm2 were obtained by the use of double-face diamond discs, in low rotation, under constant irrigation, perpendicularly to buccal surfaces. The fragments were relieved with a thin layer of wax n° 7 and steep in a cylinder by a self-curing polyester resin. Afterwards, they were random divided into six groups according to the type of treatment to be employed (GS- Positive Control- Saliva, during experiment; GP- Negative Control- PC, 14 days/6hours, GPA15- PC, 14days/6hours + AE, 15 min; GPA30- PC, 14days/6hours + AE, 30 min; GPA60-PC, 14days/6hours + AE, 1 hour; GPA120- PC, 14days/6hours + AE, 2 hours). After treatments, the groups were etched with fosforic acid 35% (Dentsply) and restored with adhesive system Adaper Single Bond (3M-ESPE) and three horizontal increments of resin TPH (Dentsply). Concluded the restorative treatment, the fragments were immediately prepared for microtensile procedure. Serial cuts were performed in each sample to obtain two centralized slices 1mm thick. Afterwards, using a 1093 FF drill, an hourglass was done in each slice, with adhesive area of approximately 1mm2. The microtensile tests were performed in an mechanical test machine, at 0.5 mm/min speed. ANOVA and Dunnett test indicated that there was statistical difference between groups tested. When compared positive control group (GS) with the other groups, it was observed that only the negative control group (GP) was statistically different. These results were confirmed, when the negative control group was compared with others, in which it was observed statistic diference to GS and GPA120. When the experimental groups were compared though regressive polinominal analise it was not found statistical difference only to the time factor. On Electronic Scanning Microscopy observations, were detected the presence of bubbles of the bleached group. The fracture standards demonstrated higher number of mixed failures to all the groups. The 3% ascorbil gel (AE) used for two hours seems to be the most recommended to reverse the strength to bleached enamel with carbamide peroxide 10%
Mestrado
Dentística
Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:11:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gonzaga_lca_me_araca.pdf: 772898 bytes, checksum: a490bb43e9735c3542d945420fe1e996 (MD5)
O clareamento dental tem sido empregado por muitos profissionais por acreditarem ser uma técnica segura e eficaz. Contudo, com o objetivo de acelerar e potencializar o processo clareador, o uso de peróxidos em altas concentrações está sendo associado a fontes de calor e/ou luz. A combinação de materiais clareadores altamente concentrados com as fontes luminosas pode elevar a temperatura da estrutura dental e a penetração do peróxido, em detrimento de possíveis danos pulpares. Assim, os reais benefícios e as conseqüências biológicas desta opção de tratamento ainda são pouco conhecidos. Objetivos: comparar a efetividade clareadora, a estabilidade de cor e sensibilidade ocorridas em pacientes que receberam clareamento caseiro e de consultório com ou sem o emprego de fontes luminosas. Métodos: 40 pacientes foram selecionados e divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos de acordo com o tratamento clareador recebido: I- clareamento caseiro com peróxido de carbamida a 10% (PC), por 4 horas diárias, durante 3 semanas; os outros três grupos receberam 3 sessões de clareamento de consultório com peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% (PH) , com 3 aplicações de 10 minutos em cada sessão, como segue: II- sem emprego de luz, III- Lâmpada halógena, IV-LED/laser. A cor dos dentes foi avaliada utilizando a escala Vita Classical e a ocorrência de sensibilidade foi obtida por questionário feito aos pacientes, que relataram a intensidade, duração e localização da sintomatologia. As avaliações foram realizadas antes do clareamento, depois da primeira e terceira semana do clareamento com PC ou da primeira e terceira sessões de PH, bem como aos 7, 30 e 180 dias decorridos do término do tratamento. Resultados: O teste Kruskal-Wallis mostrou que a alteração de cor ocorreu de forma semelhante em todos os grupos e em todos os períodos de análise. Não foi observado retorno da cor...
The dental bleaching has been used by many professionals which believe to be a safe and effective treatment. However, to accelerate the bleaching process, the use of peroxide in high concentrations has been associated with heat or light sources. The combination of highly concentrated bleaching materials with light sources, raises the temperature of the tooth structure and penetration of peroxide which may cause pulpal damage. Thus, the real benefits and the biological consequences of this treatment are still largely unknown. Objectives: to compare the effectiveness, color stability and sensitivity occurred in patients who received at-home and in-office bleaching treatments, with or without the use of light sources. Methods: 40 patients were selected and randomly divided into four groups, according to bleaching treatment received: I- home-bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) 4 hours/day for 3 weeks; the other three groups received 3 sessions of in-office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP), with 3 applications of 10 minutes in each session, as follows: II- without light source, IIIHalogen Lamp, IV-LED/laser. Tooth shade was evaluated using the Vita Classical Shade Guide before bleaching, after first and third week of at-home bleaching, after first and third session of in-office bleaching; after 1 week, 1 and 6 months after the end of the treatment. The teeth color was evaluated using the Classical Shade Guide, and the occurrence of sensitivity was obtained by questionnaire made to patients, who reported the intensity, duration and location of symptoms. The evaluations were conducted before the bleaching, after the first and third week of bleaching with PC or first and third sessions of PH and 7, 30 and 180 days after the end of treatment. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant differences among groups at all times (p>0.01), and there was no color rebound... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a efetividade do vedamento apical e linear de diferentes materiais utilizados como barreira protetora cervical (BPC) no clareamento interno, localizados ao mesmo nível e 1mm acima da junção amelocementária (JAC). Cento doze dentes bovinos foram divididos em sete grupos de acordo com o material de BPC utilizado, além de um grupo controle, e em dois subgrupos de acordo com a localização, sendo assim distribuídos: grupo GRC com resina composta sem sistema adesivo (Z250); grupo GVR com Cimento de Ionômero de Vidro (CIV) convencional (Vidrion R); grupo GVB com CIV modificado por resina de forramento (Vitrebond); grupo GVTR com CIV modificado por resina restaurador (Vitremer); grupo GCZ com Cimento de Fosfato de Zinco (CIMENTO DE ZINCO); grupo GCT com material restaurador provisório (Coltosol); grupo GCF com material provisório fotopolimerizável (Clip F); e grupo controle com Gutapercha e cimento selador (Fillapex). Os dentes foram clareados pela técnica walking bleach durante sete dias e após esse período foram corados durante 48hrs, enquanto armazenados com temperatura de 37oC e umidade a 100%. Foi realizada avaliação através de inspeção visual. A análise estatística foi feita através da análise de variância a dois critérios (ANOVA-2) e teste de Tukey. Os grupos experimentais revelaram que o único fator que representou importância no vedamento apical (F=26,42; p=0,00) e linear (F=29,73; p=0,00) foi o tipo de material empregado, independente da sua localização. Os grupos GRC e GCZ apresentaram os piores valores de vedamento e apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa (p=<0,05) quando comparados com os outros grupos e com o grupo controle. Os melhores resultados foram encontrados nos grupos GCT, GCF, GVB, GVTR e GVR, porém sem diferença estatisticamente significativa entre eles (p=<0,05) e com o grupo controle. Através do teste de correlação de Spearman verificou-se correlação positiva (r=0,911; p=0,00) entre a infiltração apical e linear. Os resultados sugerem que a capacidade de vedamento linear e apical da BPC varia de acordo com o material aplicado, independentemente da localização em relação à JAC.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical and linear sealing in different materials placed as a protective cervical barrier (BPC) in internal bleaching at Cementoenamel junction (CEJ) level and 1mm above. 112 bovine teeth were divided into seven groups according to the material to be placed as PCB and a control group, and two subgroups each in relation to their JAC level position: GRC Resin composite without adhesive system (Z250); GVR, Conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) (VIDRION R); GVB, Lining resin modified GIC (VITREBOND); GVTR, Restorative resin modified GIC (VITREMER); GCZ, Zinc phosphate cement (CEMENTO DE ZINCO); GCT, Temporary restorative material (COLTOSOL), GCF, Light curing temporary material (CLIP F). A control group with gutta-percha and sealer cement (Fillapex) with the two positions was performed too. The teeth were bleached by walking bleach technique for seven days and then stained for 48hrs while stored at 37oC and humidity to 100%. Visual inspection was used to evaluate the specimens. Statistical analyses were performed with the two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA-2) and Tukey test. The experimental groups showed that the main factor for apical (F=26.42, p=0.00) and linear (F=29.73; p=0.00) sealing was the type of material used regardless of their location. The experimental groups GRC and GCZ had the worst sealing values and were statistically significant different (p= < 0.05) with the other groups and the control group. The groups GCT, GCF, GVB, GVTR and GVR showed better result with no significance difference between them and the control group (p=< 0,05). The Spearman rank correlation coefficient revealed the positive significant correlation (r = 0.911, p = 0.00) between the apical and linear leakage. These results suggest that the ability of linear and apical sealing of PCB, varies according to the applied material regardless of the CEJ position.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-08-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:31:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 camargo_sea_me_sjc.pdf: 698707 bytes, checksum: 21ecc468a433f0633cef989558394cc9 (MD5)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Acredita-se que a penetração de peróxido de hidrogênio através do esmalte e dentina pode causar danos à polpa. A proposta deste trabalho foi avaliar a quantidade de peróxido de hidrogênio no interior da câmara pulpar de dentes bovinos e humanos com ou sem restauração, após clareamento pela técnica de consultório. Os dentes foram seccionados 3mm à junção amelo-cementária e divididos em dois grupos: A (setenta terceiros molares humanos) e B (setenta incisivos laterais bovinos) que foram subdivididos em: A1 e B1 restaurados com resina composta (Esthetic-X, Dentsply), A2 e B2 com CIV (Vidrion-R, SSWhite), A3 e B3 com CIV modificado por resina (CIV-MR) (Vitremer, 3M); A4, A5, B4 e B5 não foram restaurados. No interior da câmara pulpar de todos os dentes foi colocado tampão acetato. Os subgrupos A1 a A4 e B1 a B4 foram expostos ao peróxido de hidrogênio 38% (Opalescence XtraBoost, Ultradent) por 40 min. Os subgrupos A5 e B5 permaneceram em água deionizada por 40 min. O tampão acetato foi transferido a um tubo de ensaio reagindo com corante violeta leucocristal e peroxidase. A densidade óptica da solução foi avaliada em espectrofotômetro, os valores de absorbância convertidos em microgramas de peróxido e submetidos aos testes de Dunnett, Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA e Tukey (5%). Verificou-se maior penetração de peróxido nos dentes bovinos (0,79l0,61æg) e humanos (2,27l0,41æg) restaurados com CIV-MR. A penetração do agente clareador foi maior em dentes humanos para qualquer situação experimental. Concluiu-se que a penetração de peróxido depende do material restaurador e que dentes humanos são mais susceptíveis à penetração do agente clareador para o interior da câmara pulpar do que dentes bovinos.
It is believe that externally applied bleachings agents could penetrate into the pulp chamber.This study was conducted to evaluate pulp chamber penetration of peroxide bleaching agent in human and bovine teeh, after office bleach technique. All the teeth were sectioned 3mm apical of the cemento-enamel junction and were divided into 2 groups: A (70 third human molars) and B (70 bovine lateral incisor) that were subdivided in: A1 and B1 restored using composite resin (Esthetic-X, Dentsply), A2 and B2 using glass ionomer cement (Vidrion-R, SSWhite), A3 and B3 using resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Vitremer, 3M); A4, A5, B4 and B5 were not restored. Acetate buffer was placed in the pulp chamber and the treatment agent was applied for 40 min as follow: A1 to A4 and B1 to B4 38% hydrogen peroxide exposure and A5 and B5 immersion into distilled water. The buffer solution was transferred to a glass tube where leuco crystal violet and horseradish peroxidase were added, producing a blue solution. The optical density of the blue solution was determined determined by spectrophotometer and converted into microgram equivalents of hydrogen peroxide. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Dunnett, Kruskal-Wallis, and Tukey tests (5%). A higher level of hydrogen peroxide penetrated into the pulp chamber in resin-modified glass ionomer cements groups, bovine (0,79l0,61æg) and human (2,27l0,41æg). The bleaching agent penetration was higher in human teeth for any experimental situation. The penetration of the hydrogen peroxide depend on restorative materials and that human teeth are more susceptible to penetration of bleaching agent into the pulp chamber than bovine teeth.

Orientador: Márcia Carneiro Valera
Banca: Antonio Carlos Bombana
Banca: Claudio Antonio Talge Carvalho
Resumo: Acredita-se que a penetração de peróxido de hidrogênio através do esmalte e dentina pode causar danos à polpa. A proposta deste trabalho foi avaliar a quantidade de peróxido de hidrogênio no interior da câmara pulpar de dentes bovinos e humanos com ou sem restauração, após clareamento pela técnica de consultório. Os dentes foram seccionados 3mm à junção amelo-cementária e divididos em dois grupos: A (setenta terceiros molares humanos) e B (setenta incisivos laterais bovinos) que foram subdivididos em: A1 e B1 restaurados com resina composta (Esthetic-X, Dentsply), A2 e B2 com CIV (Vidrion-R, SSWhite), A3 e B3 com CIV modificado por resina (CIV-MR) (Vitremer, 3M); A4, A5, B4 e B5 não foram restaurados. No interior da câmara pulpar de todos os dentes foi colocado tampão acetato. Os subgrupos A1 a A4 e B1 a B4 foram expostos ao peróxido de hidrogênio 38% (Opalescence XtraBoost, Ultradent) por 40 min. Os subgrupos A5 e B5 permaneceram em água deionizada por 40 min. O tampão acetato foi transferido a um tubo de ensaio reagindo com corante violeta leucocristal e peroxidase. A densidade óptica da solução foi avaliada em espectrofotômetro, os valores de absorbância convertidos em microgramas de peróxido e submetidos aos testes de Dunnett, Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA e Tukey (5%). Verificou-se maior penetração de peróxido nos dentes bovinos (0,79l0,61æg) e humanos (2,27l0,41æg) restaurados com CIV-MR. A penetração do agente clareador foi maior em dentes humanos para qualquer situação experimental. Concluiu-se que a penetração de peróxido depende do material restaurador e que dentes humanos são mais susceptíveis à penetração do agente clareador para o interior da câmara pulpar do que dentes bovinos.
Abstract: It is believe that externally applied bleachings agents could penetrate into the pulp chamber.This study was conducted to evaluate pulp chamber penetration of peroxide bleaching agent in human and bovine teeh, after office bleach technique. All the teeth were sectioned 3mm apical of the cemento-enamel junction and were divided into 2 groups: A (70 third human molars) and B (70 bovine lateral incisor) that were subdivided in: A1 and B1 restored using composite resin (Esthetic-X, Dentsply), A2 and B2 using glass ionomer cement (Vidrion-R, SSWhite), A3 and B3 using resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Vitremer, 3M); A4, A5, B4 and B5 were not restored. Acetate buffer was placed in the pulp chamber and the treatment agent was applied for 40 min as follow: A1 to A4 and B1 to B4 38% hydrogen peroxide exposure and A5 and B5 immersion into distilled water. The buffer solution was transferred to a glass tube where leuco crystal violet and horseradish peroxidase were added, producing a blue solution. The optical density of the blue solution was determined determined by spectrophotometer and converted into microgram equivalents of hydrogen peroxide. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Dunnett, Kruskal-Wallis, and Tukey tests (5%). A higher level of hydrogen peroxide penetrated into the pulp chamber in resin-modified glass ionomer cements groups, bovine (0,79l0,61æg) and human (2,27l0,41æg). The bleaching agent penetration was higher in human teeth for any experimental situation. The penetration of the hydrogen peroxide depend on restorative materials and that human teeth are more susceptible to penetration of bleaching agent into the pulp chamber than bovine teeth.
Mestre

Orientador: Renata Garcia Fonseca
Resumo: Como as propriedades ópticas de materiais monolíticos CAD-CAM se comportam diante do clareamento necessita de investigação para orientar o cirurgião-dentista sobre se deve ou não protegê-los durante o procedimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do peróxido de hidrogênio a 40% no potencial de clareamento, susceptibilidade à pigmentação, e nas variações de translucidez e brancura do Lava Ultimate (LU), Vita Enamic (VE), IPS e.max CAD (IPS) e Vita Suprinity (VS). Um espectrofotômetro CM- 2600d (Konica Minolta) foi utilizado para registrar as coordenadas de cor CIE L*, a* e b*. Para o potencial de clareamento, oitenta discos de cada material foram analisados inicialmente (R0) e após a imersão em água deionizada ou café por 36,5 dias seguido ou não pelo clareamento (R1). Para a susceptibilidade à pigmentação, oitenta discos de cada material foram analisados inicialmente (R0') e após terem sido clareadas ou não e imersos em água deionizada ou café (R1'). O potencial de clareamento e a susceptibilidade à pigmentação foram calculados como a diferença de cor (ΔE00), respectivamente, entre R1-R0 e R1'-R0'. Diferenças na translucidez (ΔTP00) e no índice de brancura (ΔWID) entre R1-R0 e R1'-R0' também foram calculadas. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA a 3 fatores e pós teste de Games-Howell (α=0,05). A significância clínica foi avaliada com base nos limiares de 50%:50% perceptibilidade e 50%:50% aceitabilidade para ΔE00, ΔTP00 e ΔWID. O café aumentou a ∆E00 no LU, VE e ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre

Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2017-09-22T19:18:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação -Gustavo Adolfo Martins Mendes - 2016.pdf: 2835645 bytes, checksum: c9a699042102d4d37216711d64f67736 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-09-25T11:44:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação -Gustavo Adolfo Martins Mendes - 2016.pdf: 2835645 bytes, checksum: c9a699042102d4d37216711d64f67736 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-25T11:44:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação -Gustavo Adolfo Martins Mendes - 2016.pdf: 2835645 bytes, checksum: c9a699042102d4d37216711d64f67736 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Tooth bleaching is one of the procedures with the greatest increase in demand, and the number of products and publications in recent years. However, regardless of the technique to be used bleaching, bleaching agents can cause various changes in tooth structure. Some whitening agents have a pH drop over its response action, which can cause changes in the mineral content of the enamel. These changes may be higher when the time of contact between the bleaching agent and the tooth surface is increased. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of time of application of whitening gel and its effects on tooth structure in pre-desensitized enamel samples with arginine bicarbonate. Eighty enamel blocks (5.5 x 5.5 mm) were obtained from 40 third molar teeth. These were randomly divided into 16 experimental groups (n = 5). Samples were pre-desensitized with arginine bicarbonate (Colgate Pro-Relief) and then bleached as experimental groups, varying the method of application of whitening gels (Opalescence Boost - Ultradent; Total Blanc - DFL) versus time. The pH range of the gel over the application time, the color variation obtained and roughness of the sample surface were evaluated. Results were subjected to statistical analysis with a significance level of 5%, showed similarity between the gels as the bleaching efficiency and roughness standards and longer application times tend to generate higher roughness values. It was concluded that shorter times of application of the whitening gel are more efficient since they cause less damage to enamel and are able to lighten equally and that the use of desensitizing toothpaste Arginine bicarbonate base prior to bleaching does not affect the whitening effect.
O clareamento dental é um dos procedimentos com o maior aumento de procura, além do número de produtos e publicações nos últimos anos. No entanto, independentemente da técnica clareadora a ser utilizada, os agentes clareadores podem provocar várias alterações na estrutura dental. Alguns agentes de clareamento tem uma queda do pH ao longo da sua reação de ação, o que pode provocar alterações no conteúdo mineral do esmalte. Estas mudanças podem ser mais elevadas quando o tempo de contato entre o agente clareador e a superfície do dente é aumentado. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar a influência do tempo de aplicação do gel clareador e seus efeitos sobre a estrutura dental em amostras de esmalte pré-dessensibilizados com Bicarbonato de Arginina. Oitenta blocos de esmalte dental (5,5 x 5,5 mm) foram obtidos a partir de 40 dentes terceiros molares. Estes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 16 grupos experimentais (n=5). As amostras foram pré-dessensibilizadas com Bicarbonato de Arginina (Colgate Pró-Alívio) e em seguida clareadas conforme os grupos experimentais, variando o método de aplicação de géis clareadores (Opalescence Boost – Ultradent; Total Blanc – DFL) em função do tempo. A variação de pH do gel ao longo dos tempos de aplicação, a variação de cor obtida e rugosidade da superfície das amostras foram avaliados. Resultados foram submetidos a análise estatística com nível de significância em 5%, revelaram semelhança entre os géis quanto a eficácia clareadora e padrões de rugosidade e que tempos de aplicação mais longos tendem a gerar maiores valores de rugosidade. Concluiu-se que tempos de aplicação mais curtos do gel clareador são mais eficientes uma vez que geram menos danos ao esmalte e são capazes de clarear de igual forma e que o uso de creme dental dessensibilizante a base de Bicarbonato de Arginina previamente ao clareamento não altera o efeito clareador.

The Swedish pulp and paper industry is the third largest exporter of pulp and paper products worldwide. It is a highly energy-demanding and water-utilising industry, which generates large volumes of wastewater rich in organic material. These organic materials are to different extents suitable for anaerobic digestion (AD) and production of energy-rich biomethane. The implementation of an AD process within the wastewater treatment plant of a mill would increase the treatment capacity and decrease the overall energy consumption due to less aeration and lower sludge production and in addition produce biomethane. Despite the many benefits of AD it is only applied at two mills in Sweden today. The reason for the low implementation over the years may be due to problems encountered linked to the complexity and varying composition of the wastewaters. Due to changes in market demands many mills have broadened their product portfolios and turned towards more refined products. This has increased both the complexity and the variations of the wastewaters´ composition even further, as the above changes can imply an increased pulp bleaching and utilisation of more diverse raw materials within the mills. The main aim of this thesis was therefore to generate knowledge needed for an expansion of the biomethane production within the pulp and paper industry. As a first step to achieve this an evaluation of the biomethane potential and the suitability for AD of wastewaters within a range of Swedish pulp and paper mills was performed. Thus, around 70 wastewater streams from 11 different processes at eight mills were screened for their biomethane potential. In a second step, the impact of shifts in wood raw material and bleaching on the AD process and the biomethane production was investigated and further evaluated in upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors. The screening showed that the biomethane potential within the Swedish pulp and paper industry could be estimated to 700 GWh, which corresponds to 40% of the Swedish biomethane production during 2014. However, depending on the conditions at each specific mill the strategy for the establishment of AD needs to differ. For mills producing kraft pulp the potential is mainly found in wastewaters rich in fibres, alkaline kraft bleaching wastewaters and methanol-rich condensates. The biomethane potential within thermo-mechanical pulp- (TMP) and chemical thermo-mechanical pulp (CTMP) mills is mainly present in the total effluents after pre-sedimentation and in the bleaching effluents as these holds high concentrations of dissolved organic material. The screening further showed that the raw material used for pulp production is an important factor for the biomethane potential of a specific wastewater stream, i.e. hardwood (HW) wastewaters have higher potentials than those from softwood (SW) pulp production. This was confirmed in the lab-scale UASB reactor experiments, in which an alkaline kraft bleaching wastewater and a composite pulping and bleaching CTMP wastewater were used as substrates. AD processes were developed and maintained stable throughout shifts in wastewater composition related to changes in the wood raw materials between SW and HW for the kraft wastewater and spruce, aspen and birch for the CTMP wastewater. The lower biomethane production from SW- compared to HW wastewaters was due to a lower degradability together with a higher ratio of sulphuric compounds per TOC for the SW case. The impact of shifts between bleached and unbleached CTMP production could not be fully  evaluated in the continuous process mainly due to technical problems. However, due to the large increase in dissolved organic material when bleaching is applied, the potential biomethane production will increase during the production of bleached pulp compared to unbleached pulp. Based on the biomethane potentials obtained for one of the included CTMP mills, their yearly production of biomethane was estimated to 5-27 GWh with the lowest and the highest value corresponding to the production of unbleached spruce pulp vs. bleached birch pulp. Thus, the results of the investigations presented in this thesis show that the UASBreactor is suitable for AD of wastewaters within the pulp and paper industry. The results also show that challenges related to variations in the organic material composition of the wastewaters due to variations in wood raw materials could be managed. The outcome of the thesis work also imply that the production of more refined products, which may include the introduction of an increased number of raw materials and extended bleaching protocols, could increase the potential biomethane production, especially if the pulp production will make use of more HW.
Den svenska pappers- och massaindustrin är den tredje största exportören av massa och pappersprodukter och en viktig industriell aktör i Sverige. Det är en industri med hög energi- och vattenanvändning, som genererar stora mängder avloppsvatten rika på organiskt material. Detta organiska material kan via anaerob nedbrytning användas för att producera energirik biometan. Användandet av anaerob behandling, som ett steg i brukens vattenrening, genererar inte bara biometan utan kan också öka reningskapaciteten och minska energiförbrukning och kostnader tack vare minskat behov av luftning och minskad slamproduktion. Trots de många fördelarna med anaerob behandling är den idag bara tillämpad på två bruk i Sverige. En av orsakerna till detta kan vara processproblem som relaterats till avloppsvattnens komplexitet samt varierande sammansättning och flöden. Många pappers- och massabruk har utökat sina produktportföljer med bl a mer förfinade produkter, som en följd av en förändrad marknad. Dessa förändringar har ökat avloppsvattnens komplexitet och variation än mer, då ovan exempelvis kan medföra en ökad produktion av blekt massa samt att fler typer av träråvaror används vid ett och samma bruk. Huvudsyftet med föreliggande avhandling är att bidra med kunskap för en ökad produktion av biometan inom pappers- och massaindustrin. Som ett första steg genomfördes en övergripande utvärdering av ca 70 avloppsvattenströmmar från totalt 11 olika processer vid åtta svenska pappers- och massabruk med fokus på biometanpotential samt lämplighet för anaerob behandling. I ett andra steg utvärderades hur skiften i träråvara samt blekning påverkar biometanproduktionen samt processtabiliteten för en kontinuerlig anaerob nedbrytningsprocess i en UASBreaktor. Den initiala utvärderingen visade att den svenska pappers- och massaindustrin skulle kunna bidra med 700 GWh biometan per år, vilket motsvarar 40% av biometanproduktionen i Sverige under 2014. Beroende på utformningen av det enskilda bruket kommer strategier för implementering av anaeroba processer att se olika ut. För bruk som producerar sulfatmassa återfanns huvuddelen av biometanpotentialen i fiberrika avloppsvattenstömmar, alkaliska blekeriavlopp samt metanolrika kondensat. För bruk som producerar termomekanisk- (TMP) eller kemitermomekanisk (CTMP) massa föreligger biometanpotentialen framförallt i avloppsvatten rika på löst organiskt material såsom totalavlopp efter sedimentering och blekeriavlopp. Den initiala utvärderingen visade också att användandet av lövved ger en högre biometanpotential jämfört med barrved. Dessa resultat kunde bekräftas vid kontinuerliga experiment med anaerob nedbrytning i UASB-reaktorer, där ett alkaliskt blekeriavlopp från ett sulfatmassabruk och ett kombinerat massaproduktions- och blekeriavlopp från ett CTMP-bruk användes som substrat. Stabila anaeroba processer etablerades och bibehölls vid förändrad avloppsvattensammansättning på grund av skiften i träråvara (löv- och barrved för sulfatmassabruket samt gran, asp och björk för CTMP bruket). Den lägre produktionen av biometan för barrved jämfört med lövved kunde förklaras med en lägre nedbrytbarhet samt ett ökat svavelinnehåll i relation till mängden organiskt material. Skiften mellan avloppsvatten från blekt- och oblekt CTMP massa kunde inte utvärderas fullständigt i den kontinuerliga processen på grund av tekniska problem. Produktionen av blekt massa ökar dock mängden organiskt material i  avloppsvattnet, vilket medför att mer biometan kan produceras jämfört med då oblekt massa produceras. Baserat på biometanpotentialerna för ett av i studien ingående CTMP bruk uppskattas den årliga produktionen av biometan till 5-27 GWh, där den lägsta produktionen motsvarar oblekt granmassa och den högsta produktionen motsvarar blekt björkmassa. Sammanfattningsvis visar studien att UASB-reaktorer är lämpliga för anaerob behandling av avloppsvatten inom pappers- och massaindustrin. Vidare visar resultaten från de kontinuerliga försöken att de utmaningar som medförs av den varierande sammansättningen av avloppsvattnens organiska material knutet till träråvaran kan hanteras. Slutligen, breddade produktportföljer samt produktionen av mer förfinade produkter, vilket kan innebära en ökad massablekning och ett ökat användande av olika träråvaror, kan öka brukens potentiella biometanproduktion, särskilt om mer lövved används för massaproduktion.

碩士
國立陽明大學
臨床牙醫學研究所
95
Tooth bleaching has become popular in the esthetic dentistry. Previous literatures found that home-bleaching might increase degradation of composite resins. However the mechanism is still unclear. Four composite resins were enrolled in the study, including two light-polymerized hybrid composites (3M Z100 and Filtek Z250), one microfilled composite (Filtek Z350), and one polyacid-modified composite (compomer, Dyract AP). Thirty standardized disc specimens (15 x 1 mm) of each material were made and stored in distilled water for 7 days, in which 5 specimens of each material was used to measure the water sorption and solubility. Twenty specimens were randomly divided into two groups, in which one group was immersed in 10% carbamide peroxide solution for 8 hours per day for 28 days, and the other group was stored in distilled water as control. Surface properties, including Knoop microhardness, roughness and CIELab values of each specimen was measured, before bleaching treatment and repeatedly at intervals of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, respectively. The rest specimens were used for examination under SEM and Raman spectroscope in order to investigate the surface characteristics and polymeric structures. The results showed that Z350 had higher water sorption then Z100 and DAP, while Z250 had the least. The impacts of home-bleaching on composite resin degradation were also different. DAP had the greatest degradation with the most color changes and roughness increase compared with the control group, followed by Z100, while Z350 and Z250 had the least degradation subjected to bleaching treatment. Bleaching impacts on microhardness of composite resins were material dependant. Bleached DAP and Z100 were softer than the control group, whereas bleached Z350 and Z250 were harder. With the observation of the surface of specimens under SEM, all materials tested had more degradation profile after home-bleaching compared to the control group. The Raman spectrum revealed that home-bleaching treatment changed the chemical polymeric structures of the composite resins. The aliphatic C=C bond vibration (ω = 1638 cm-1) was reduced and carbonyl bond vibration (C-O, ω = 1200 ~ 1355 cm-1) was increased in hybrid and microfilled composite resins. This denoted that oxidation reaction could be a possible mechanism of degradation of composite resins subjected to home-bleaching treatment. Meanwhile the CO2- asymmetric stretching vibration (ω = 1335 ~ 1440 cm-1) was reduced and carboxylic salts was increased in Raman spectrum of polyacid-modified composite resin. The possible reason is that home-bleaching accelerated the water diffusion and thus enhanced the acid-base neutralization of polyacid-modified composite resin. Within the limitation of this study, the degradation effects of home-bleaching on composite resins were material dependant, which might be related to the water diffusion of resin matrix, filler type and setting mechanism of these materials. SEM observation and Raman spectrum analyses seem to be good tools to evaluate the degradation of bleached composites, while microhardness of composite resins was not a good indicator. Applying the findings of this study, polyacid-modified composite resins should be avoided to restore the teeth before home-bleaching therapy, and also the discoloration and polymeric change of other composites should be anticipated, since home-bleaching could accelerate the degradation of composite resins and consequently increase the surface roughness, poor esthetics and tendency of wear.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
口腔生物科學研究所
100
Esthetics of the teeth is very important to patients. Tooth bleaching therapy is an important dental procedure for patients in recent years. Tooth discoloration may be caused by intrinsic discoloration or extrinsic discoloration. Tetracycline, aging factors, smoking, tea, red wine and deep colored food may also cause tooth discoloration. The effect of tooth bleaching becomes better with the changing of the bleaching method and agent. Patents can raise this product''s value and comprehensive industrial information. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) statistics shows that an industry''s business model not only can be analyzed by using patent technology information, but also can be protected by obtaining patents properly. The purpose of this study was to analyze the patents in dental material field to explore technologies of the tooth bleaching through patent map from GPSA . Firstly, we set up key words and patent portfolios to search Taiwan''s patents for the tooth bleaching from Taiwan''s patent database. According to the results of our patent searching, 77 tooth bleaching-related patents were found from 1986 to 2010. Through analysis of these data, we could investigate the development of tooth bleaching techniques in Taiwan and other countries. The results showed that patents of tooth bleaching steadily increased year by year in Taiwan. Foreign companies and inventors had the advantages in tooth bleaching technology and patents. Tooth bleaching patents were mostly related to the people''s living requirement, and tooth bleaching patents are mostly related to bleaching formula. In conclusion, by using patent analysis and patent map, this study suggests that the development of related instruments to improve the efficiency of tooth bleaching is very important. In addition, we can also apply patents for these newly developed instruments.

Anaerobic digestion is a treatment process applied to organic solid waste and wastewater carried out by microorganisms under anaerobic conditions (without oxygen). In addition to treating wastewater, this process’s main product is biogas, a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. On this assumption, it is easy to understand how this biological process can be an asset in the fight against climate change, as it not only produces renewable energy, but also contributes to reducing the negative impacts resulting from the discharge of organic waste into the environment. The main objective of this work was to study the acidogenic and methanogenic anaerobic processes applied to an industrial effluent with low biodegradability and with potentially inhibitory compounds for the production of materials, such as VFAs, and energy (methane), respectively. The effluent under study was the bleaching effluent from the Kraft pulp production process, denominated D0, which contains, among other recalcitrant materials, AOX compounds. The influence of operational parameters in maximization of these products and increasing the aerobic biodegradability of the treated effluent were also analyzed. To study the process of anaerobic digestion of the D0 effluent, two reactors with magnetic and mechanical agitation, and volumes of 1.75 l and 7 l, respectively, operating in the mesophilic temperature range were set up. Four runs were carried out, with different feed pH values: pH 3, 4, 6 and 7. The best results in sCOD and AOX removal efficiencies were obtained at influent pH 4, which removed 58% of the first and 63% of the second, using an HRT of 1.461 days (the lowest used in all operations) and 6 different loads (between 0.419 gCOD l−1 day−1 and 1.282 gCOD l−1 day−1). The production of methane was also better at this feed pH. The aerobic biodegradability of the effluent was improved in all four operations carried out, with the greatest increase also being achieved in the test with pH 4 in the feed (4.5 times increase). Therefore, this pH range in the feed is the most suitable for the treatment of this type of effluent.
A digestão anaeróbia é um processo de tratamento aplicado a resíduos sólidos e efluentes líquidos orgânicos realizado por microrganismos sob condições anaeróbias (sem oxigénio). Para além do tratamento de uma água residual, este processo tem como principal produto o biogás, uma mistura de metano e dióxido de carbono. Neste pressuposto, é fácil de entender como este processo biológico pode ser uma mais-valia no combate às alterações climáticas, por produzir não só energia renovável, como também contribuir para a diminuição dos impactos negativos decorrentes da descarga de resíduos orgânicos no meio ambiente. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os processos anaeróbios acidogénico e metanogénico aplicados a um efluente industrial de baixa biodegradabilidade e com compostos potencialmente inibidores para a produção de materiais, como os AGVs, e energia (metano), respetivamente. O efluente em estudo foi o efluente do 1ºestágio do branqueamento do processo de produção da pasta Kraft, denominado D0, que contém, entre outros materiais recalcitrantes, compostos AOX. A influência dos parâmetros operacionais na maximização destes produtos e no aumento da biodegradabilidade aeróbia do efluente tratado também foi analisada. Para estudar o processo de digestão anaeróbia do efluente D0, foram montados dois reatores, agitados magnética e mecanicamente, e volumes de 1,75 l e 7 l, respetivamente, operando na faixa de temperatura mesofílica. Foram realizadas quatro operações, com diferentes valores de pH na alimentação: pH 3, 4, 6 e 7. Os melhores resultados na eficiência de remoção de sCOD e AOX foram obtidos a pH 4, no qual foram removidos 58% do primeiro e 63% do último, usando um TRH de 1,461 dias (o menor usado em todas as operações) e 6 cargas diferentes (entre 0,419 gCOD l−1 day−1 e 1,282 gCOD l−1 day−1). A produção de metano também foi a melhor neste pH de alimentação. A biodegradabilidade aeróbia do efluente foi melhorada em todas as operações realizadas, tendo o maior aumento sido também alcançado no ensaio com pH 4 na alimentação (aumento de 4, 5 vezes). Assim, esta faixa de pH na alimentação é a mais adequada para o tratamento deste tipo de efluente.
Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente

A preservação para a salvaguarda do património engloba muito mais que a conservação e o restauro dos objetos artísticos e históricos, ela vai muito além da manutenção desses bens, abrangendo desde o estudo aprofundado acerca dos materiais que constituem as obras até os cuidados preventivos, visando eliminar qualquer risco existente no ambiente envolvente que possa afetar a integridade desses bens, seja a curto, médio ou longo prazo. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo a caracterização dos suportes das Cartas Patentes no que diz respeito à morfologia de suas fibras, aos tipo de polpa e seu processamento, à encolagem, às cargas e ao material gráfico, utilizando além dos testes visuais, testes microquímicos, exames sob fluorescência de ultra violeta, microscopia electrónica de varrimento (SEM EDS) e exames de espectroscopia de infravermelho (FTIR). Com o intuito de comparar a evolução dos materiais que constituem esses documentos, escolheu-se dois exemplares, um do século XVIII e o outro do século XIX, para estudarmos as diferenças da composição dos papéis no decorrer dos quase cem anos que separam as duas cartas patentes selecionadas para esse estudo. Mais além, utilizar a informação extraída desse estudo, junto ao levantamento das patologias encontradas nos exemplares analisados, para assim, traçar e executar um plano de tratamento seguro, que utilize materiais eficazes, compatíveis, inertes e reversíveis, dentro do rigor técnico e científico que esse trabalho exige. Finalmente, indicar qual a melhor forma de acondicionamento desses documentos, visando sua conservação preventiva, tanto no âmbito da reserva como em itinerância considerando que sua função enquanto documento histórico é estar apto às exposições e a apreciação e conhecimento público.
The preservation for the safeguarding of the heritage encompasses much more than the conservation and restoration of artistic and historical objects, it goes far beyond the maintenance of these assets, ranging from the in depth study of the materials that constitute the object to the preventive care, aiming to eliminate any existing risk in the surrounding environment that may effect the integrity of these assets, whether in the short, medium or long term. This dissertation aims to characterize the supports of the Patent Letters by studying the morphology of its fibers, type of pulp and its processing, fillers, binders and graphic materials, using in addition to visuals test, the spot tests, exams under ultra violet fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy (SEM EDS) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR ATR) exams. In an attempt to understand the evolution of the materials that make up theses documents, two patents letters were chosen, one from the 18th century and the other from 19th century, to study the differences in the composition of the papers over the almost hundred years that separate these two selected letters for this study. Furthermore, use the information extracted from this study, together whit the survey of the pathologies found in the analysed objects, in order to design and execute a safe treatment plan, using effective, compatible, inert and reversible materials, within the technical and scientific rigor that this king of job requires. Finally, point which is the best way of storing theses documents, aiming at their preventive conservation, both within the scope of the storage and in roaming, considering that its function as a historical document is to be able to be exhibited to public appreciation and knowledge.

Introduction: Adhesive technology represents a significant advancement among different treatment options of dental caries. Its advantages involve not only highly aesthetic reconstructions, but also ability to preserve hard dental tissues compared to more traditional filling materials such as amalgam, where the material retention was achieved through undercuts. A potential of adhesive technology to arrest progression of an incipient caries has triggered its wider use in dental caries management, potentiated by an ongoing development of new adhesive systems and composite materials that assure an acceptable long-term stability of adhesive reconstructions. Adhesive bonds of dental reconstructions are in the oral cavity constantly challenged by various mechanical, chemical and biological factors. One of the chemical agents with detrimental potential is peroxide bleaching gel used for teeth brightening. Currently bleaching belongs to the most frequent cosmetic dental procedures. The active ingredient of bleaching gels is hydrogen peroxide or its precursors. It is assumed that free oxygen radicals released from peroxides attack double bonds of chromophore molecules captured within the tooth tissues. Because of the high reactivity and nonspecific nature of these oxygen radicals, they may affect also dental...