Relevant bibliographies by topics / Blended cements

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Blended cements'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 April 2023
Last updated: 25 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Blended cements"

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Grilo, Maria J., João Pereira, and Carla Costa. "Waste Marble Dust Blended Cement." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.671.

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Marble processing activities generates a significant amount of waste in dust form. This waste, which is nowadays one of the environmental problems worldwide, presents great potential of being used as mineral addition in blended cements production. This paper shows preliminary results of an ongoing project which ultimate goal is to investigate the viability of using waste marble dust (WMD), produced by marble Portuguese industry, as cement replacement material. In order to evaluate the effects of the WMD on mechanical behaviour, different mortar blended cement mixtures were tested. These mixtur
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Yiğit, Ahmet, Furkan Türk, and Ülkü Sultan Keskin. "LIMESTONE AND NATURAL POZZOLAN BLENDED CEMENTS: EVALUATING SULFATE RESISTANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION." Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences 13, no. 2 (2025): 524–34. https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1596875.

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This study aims to compare the behavior of ordinary Portland cement, sulfate resistant cement, natural pozzolan blended cement and limestone blended cement, produced in the same strength class as Portland clinker, under the influence of sulfate. For this purpose, five different cements were produced in Konya Cement production facilities. Characterization and sulfate tests were carried out on the cements. The strengths of the cements blended with limestone and natural pozzolan were determined in different sulfate environments and under normal curing conditions, and their behavior under sulfate
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Staněk, Theodor. "Potential Application of Belite Clinker." Advanced Materials Research 1000 (August 2014): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1000.7.

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Blended cements were prepared from belite clinker burned in a model kiln and ordinary industrial alite clinker. The mechanical and physical properties of these blended cements were determined. The difference in the development of hydration heat of belite and alite cements by using calorimetric method was determined also. The results show that strengths of prepared belite cement after 28 days of hydration are equal to those of industrial alite cement. Short time strengths are suitable for blended cements up to 30 % content of belite clinker. These results demonstrate the possibility of separate
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Baylavlı, Hasan, and Eren Gödek. "Use of Ceramic Tile Wastes as Raw Substitution Material in the Production of Blended Cement." Buildings 14, no. 9 (2024): 2942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092942.

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In this study, the feasibility of using ceramic wastes in the production of blended cement was evaluated by substituting limestone with ceramic waste at the percentages of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 28% before the milling stage. The chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of the cements were determined according to relevant standards, and the results were compared. The chemical analysis showed that the SiO2 content of the cements increased with higher ceramic waste substitution percentages, while the CaCO3 content decreased. The grindability of cements decreased with increased ceramic waste rati
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Gebhardt, RF. "Why Performance Standards for Hydraulic Cement?" Cement, Concrete, and Aggregates 15, no. 2 (1993): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/cca10597j.

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Abstract There is currently a significant trend toward performance-oriented specifications for hydraulic cements. A performance specification is one which primarily or exclusively defines what its object does rather than what it is, how it is made, or what it looks like. Performance specifications for cement are not new phenomena; they have been with us from the earliest stages of standards development. The goal has always been what the cement does, but the “trend” to performance “accelerated” in the mid-1970s, driven partly by antitrust considerations. A performance-oriented specification for
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Hájková, Iveta, Karel Dvořák, Dominik Gazdič, and Marcela Fridrichová. "Technological Properties Testing of Blended Portland Cements with Fluidized Filter Ash." Materials Science Forum 865 (August 2016): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.865.27.

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The work aims to study the behaviour of blended cement with fluidized filter ash (FFA) considering to formation of the increased proportion of ettringite and its eventual transformation into thaumasite. In part of an experiment there were prepared three cements, two of them served as a reference one-component and the reference blended cement with limestone, a third one was tested blended cement with a FFA. All three cements were put to determination of basic technological properties and next they were observed during hydration process.
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Kirgiz, Mehmet Serkan. "Chemical Properties of Substituted and Blended Cements." Advanced Materials Research 749 (August 2013): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.749.477.

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The aim of the experimental study is to determine chemical properties of substituted and blended cement contained marble and brick powders to provide efficacy for the economical and the environmental aspect. Marble and brick powders, CEM I 42.5N cement and clinker were used as materials in the study. Substituted cements were prepared with the addition of cement for marble or brick powder at the ratios of % 6, 20, 21, 35. Blended cements were mixed the addition of cement clinker for marble or brick powder at the ratios of % 6, 20, 21, 35. And CEM I 42.5N cements were also chosen as Reference ce
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Sanjuán, Miguel Ángel, Esperanza Menéndez, and Hairon Recino. "Carbonation Resistance of Ternary Portland Cements Made with Silica Fume and Limestone." Materials 17, no. 11 (2024): 2705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17112705.

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Ternary blended cements, made with silica fume and limestone, provide significant benefits such as improved compressive strength, chloride penetration resistance, sulfates attack, etc. Furthermore, they could be considered low-carbon cements, and they contribute to reducing the depletion of natural resources in reference to water usage, fossil fuel consumption, and mining. Limestone (10%, 15%, and 20%) with different fineness and coarse silica fume (3%, 5%, and 7%) was used to produce ternary cements. The average size of coarse silica fume used was 238 μm. For the first time, the carbonation r
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Sicakova, A., E. Kardosova, and M. Spak. "Perlite Application and Performance Comparison to Conventional Additives in Blended Cement." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 3 (2020): 5613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3487.

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This study compares the performance of perlite with that of conventional additives in blended cements. The results of the application of Perlite Powder (PP) as a component of blended cements in two different proportions (30% and 50%) are presented and compared with standard additives of fly ash (FA) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS). Moreover, perlite is tested as a component of ternary cement (70% cement, 15% P and 15% FA and GGBFS alternatively). Blended cements are tested in terms of flexural strength, compressive strength, bulk density, water absorption, and frost resistance
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Sicakova, A., E. Kardosova, and M. Spak. "Perlite Application and Performance Comparison to Conventional Additives in Blended Cement." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 3 (2020): 5613–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934504.

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This study compares the performance of perlite with that of conventional additives in blended cements. The results of the application of Perlite Powder (PP) as a component of blended cements in two different proportions (30% and 50%) are presented and compared with standard additives of fly ash (FA) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS). Moreover, perlite is tested as a component of ternary cement (70% cement, 15% P and 15% FA and GGBFS alternatively). Blended cements are tested in terms of flexural strength, compressive strength, bulk density, water absorption, and frost resistance
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Blended cements"

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Kaya, Ayse Idil. "A Study On Blended Bottom Ash Cements." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612504/index.pdf.

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Cement production which is one of the most energy intensive industries plays a significant role in emitting the greenhouse gases. Blended cement production by supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag and natural pozzolan is one of the smart approaches to decrease energy and ecology related concerns about the production. Fly ash has been used as a substance to produce blended cements for years, but bottom ash, its coarser counterpart, has not been utilized due to its lower pozzolanic properties. This thesis study aims to evaluate the laboratory
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Stundebeck, Curtis J. "Durability of ternary blended cements in bridge applications." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5082.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on November 6, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Ulker, Elcin. "Comparison Of Compressive Strength Test Procedures For Blended Cements." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612506/index.pdf.

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The aim of this thesis is to twofold, in order to demonstrate the variabilities that can be faced within the compressive strength of blended cements, one blended cement namely CEM IV / B (P-V) 32.5N is selected and the 28-day compressive strength is obtained by 16 different laboratories following TS EN 196-1 standard. Later, to show the variabilities that could be faced by different standards, three different cement types were selected and their compressive strengths are determined following two procedures first with TS EN 196-1, later with similar procedure described in ASTM. The strength of
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Canham, Ian. "The control of alkali silica reaction using blended cements." Thesis, Aston University, 1987. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9726/.

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It has been previously established that alkali silica reaction (ASR) in concrete may be controlled by blending Portland cement with suitable hydraulic or pozzolanic materials. The controlling mechanism has been attributed to the dilution of the cement's alkali content and reduced mobility of ions in concrete's pore solution. In this project an attempt has been made to identify the factors which influence the relative importance of each mechanism in the overall suppression of the reaction by the use of blended cements. The relationship between the pore solution alkalinity and ASR was explored b
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Ukpata, Joseph Onah. "Durability of slag-blended cements in composite chloride-sulphate environments." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20968/.

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The problem of concrete durability in marine environments remains a major challenge for the construction industry. Chlorides and sulphates from sea water attack both the steel reinforcing bars and the concrete binder respectively. Chloride attack leads to steel corrosion, while sulphate attack leads to the formation of expansive ettringite. These challenges, combined with pressures to reduce CO2 emissions associated with conventional Portland cement production, have encouraged the increasing use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Ground granulated blast-furnace slag is one of the
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Duru, Kevser. "Sulfate Resistance Of Blended Cements With Fly Ash And Natural Pozzolan." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607569/index.pdf.

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Numerous agents and mechanisms are known to affect the durability of a concrete structure during its service life. Examples include freezing and thawing, corrosion of reinforcing steel, alkali-aggregate reactions, sulfate attack, carbonation, and leaching by neutral or acidic ground waters. Among these, external sulfate attack was first identified in 1908, and led to the discovery of sulfate resistant Portland cement (SRPC). Besides SRPC, another way of coping with the problem of sulfate attack is the use of pozzolans either as an admixture to concrete or in the form of blended cements This
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Erdem, Tahir Kemal. "Investigation On The Pozzolanic Property Of Perlite For Use In Producing Blended Cements." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605964/index.pdf.

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Perlite is a glassy volcanic rock that contains approximately 70-75% silica and 12-18% alumina. There are very large perlite reserves in the world (~6700 million tons) and approximately two thirds of these is in Turkey. Due to its high amounts of silica and alumina, at the beginning of such a study, it seemed that it would be worth first to find out whether perlite possesses sufficient pozzolanic property when it is a finely divided form and then to investigate whether it could be used as a pozzolanic addition in producing blended cements. In this study, perlites from two different regions
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Tyrer, Mark. "The Hydration chemistry of blended portland blastfurnace slag cements for radiactive waste encapsulation." Thesis, Aston University, 1991. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14303/.

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Blended Portland-blastfumace slag cements provide a suitable matrix for the encapsulation of low and intermediate level waste due to their inherantly low connective porosity and provide a highly alkaline and strongly reduced chemical environment. The hydration mechanism of these materials is complex and involves several competing chemical reactions. This thesis investigates three main areas: 1) The developing chemical shrinkage of the system shows that the underlying kinetics are dominantly linear and estimates of the activation energy of the slag made by this method and by conduction calorime
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Tyrer, Mark. "The hydration chemistry of blended Portland blastfurnace slag cements for radioactive waste encapsulation." Thesis, Aston University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315145.

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Oliveira, Morais de Sousa Girão Ana Violeta. "The nanostructure and degradation of C-S-H in Portland and blended cements." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/712/.

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The microstructure and composition of water and KOH activated hardened pastes of commercial neat white Portland cement (WPC) and blends with 30% fly ash (PFA) have been characterised using a multi-technique approach, With particular emphasis on the nature of the C-S-H phase. The neat and fly ash blended pastes were activated with water or a 5M KOH solution and cured for one year at 25'C, one month at 55'C and one month at 85'C. The mean length of the aluminosilicate anion structure of C-S-H (29 Si MAS NMR) increased with age and it was higher in the fly ash blended systems. Formulae were prese
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Books on the topic "Blended cements"

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Frohnsdorff, G., ed. Blended Cements. ASTM International, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp897-eb.

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N, Swamy R., and International Conference on Blended Cements in Construction (1991 : University of Sheffield), eds. Blended cements in construction. Elsevier Applied Science, 1991.

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Geoffrey, Frohnsdorff, American Society for Testing and Materials. Committee C-1 on Cement., and ASTM Symposium on Blended Cements (1984 : Denver, Colo.), eds. Blended cements: A symposium. ASTM, 1986.

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D, Smith Kurt, Advanced Concrete Pavement Technology Products Program (U.S.), and United States. Federal Highway Administration, eds. Blended and performance cements. U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 2011.

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Wang, Kejin. Evaluating properties of blended cements for concrete pavements. Dept. of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, 2003.

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Canham, Ian. The control of alkali silica reaction using blended cements. Aston University. Department of ChemicalEngineering and Applied Chemistry, 1987.

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Association, Canadian Standards. Portland cement, masonry cement, blended hydraulic cement. Canadian Standards Association, 1993.

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Fapohunda, Chris Ajiboye. Resistance to chloride intrusion of blended cement concretes cured at elevated temperatures. National Library of Canada, 1992.

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Tipping, Eleanor J. An investigation into using Portland cement, granulated ground blast furnace slag, and Bentonite blends as a treatment for heavy metal contaminated wastewaters. Queen Mary and Westfield College, 1995.

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Blended Cements in Construction. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203498347.

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Book chapters on the topic "Blended cements"

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Lothenbach, B. "Hydration of Blended Cements." In Cement-Based Materials for Nuclear Waste Storage. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3445-0_4.

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Lothenbach, Barbara, and Frank Winnefeld. "4. Thermodynamic modelling of cement hydration: Portland cements – blended cements – calcium sulfoaluminate cements." In Cementitious Materials, edited by Herbert Pöllmann. De Gruyter, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110473728-005.

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Balázs, György L., Katalin Kopecskó, Naser Alimrani, Nabil Abdelmelek, and Éva Lublóy. "Fire Resistance of Concretes with Blended Cements." In High Tech Concrete: Where Technology and Engineering Meet. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59471-2_163.

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Snellings, Ruben. "Refining Kinetic Models for SCM Reactivity in Blended Cements." In International RILEM Conference on Synergising Expertise towards Sustainability and Robustness of Cement-based Materials and Concrete Structures. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33211-1_3.

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Marchetti, Guillermina, Jaroslav Pokorny, Alejandra Tironi, et al. "Blended Cements with Calcined Illitic Clay: Workability and Hydration." In RILEM Bookseries. Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1207-9_50.

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Schmid, Marlene, Ricarda Sposito, Karl-Christian Thienel, and Johann Plank. "Effectiveness of Amphoteric PCE Superplasticizers in Calcined Clay Blended Cements." In RILEM Bookseries. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2806-4_23.

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Liu, Jingwen, Caitlin Lommaert, Pieter Rauwoens, and Özlem Cizer. "Early Hydration of Slag Cements Blended with Recycled Concrete Fines." In RILEM Bookseries. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70277-8_45.

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Patterson, Josh, and Charles M. Wilk. "Estimating Sustainability Benefits from Use of Blended Cements and Slag Cement at Geotechnical Projects." In IAEG/AEG Annual Meeting Proceedings, San Francisco, California, 2018 - Volume 4. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93133-3_15.

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Brough, A. R., I. G. Richardson, G. W. Groves, and C. M. Dobson. "29Si Enrichment and Selective Enrichment for Study of the Hydration of Model Cements and Blended Cements." In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Cement-Based Materials. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80432-8_20.

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Katare, Vasudha D., Niharika N. Labhsetwar, and Mangesh V. Madurwar. "Effect of SO2 Acidic Gas on Binary and Ternary Blended Cements." In Sustainable Waste Management: Policies and Case Studies. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7071-7_45.

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Conference papers on the topic "Blended cements"

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Al-Amoudi, Omar Saeed Baghabra. "Protection of Reinforced Concrete Structures in Chloride-Sulfate Exposures." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07279.

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Abstract Marine, coastal and offshore environments or soils charged with concentrated brines are characterized by high concentrations of chlorides and sulfates. The influence of sulfate ions on chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete has not been well documented in the literature. An exemplary situation, where these salts exist concomitantly, is the sabkha soil which prevails in many parts of the world. The severity of sabkha environment has resulted in a lot of resources being spent on repair and rehabilitation of the deteriorated concrete infrastructures. This paper summa
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Al-Mutlaq, Fahad M., and Zia Chaudhary. "Effect of Addition of Steel Furnce by-Product on Cement Pore Solution Chemistry and Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07299.

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Abstract In construction industry worldwide, there is an increasing tendency towards using cements blended with industrial by/waste products such as fly ash, silica fume and blast furnace slag in concrete. Extensive field and laboratory research studies conducted in the past three decades has shown that incorporation of these materials in concrete produces impermeable concrete which improves durability of concrete and increases protection level of concrete against aggressive agents. The Electric Arc Furnace steel making process generates a by-product in the form of very fine powder, known as B
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Okeke, Ikenna J., Sachin U. Nimbalkar, Kiran Thirumaran, and Joe Cresko. "Role of Hydrogen as Fuel in Decarbonizing US Clinker Manufacturing for Cement Production: Costs and CO2 Emissions Reduction Potentials." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design. PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.155078.

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As a low-carbon fuel, feedstock, and energy source, hydrogen is expected to play a vital role in the decarbonization of high-temperature process heat during the pyroprocessing steps of clinker production in cement manufacturing. However, to accurately assess its potential for reducing CO2 emissions and the associated costs in clinker production applications, a techno-economic analysis and a study of facility-level CO2 emissions are necessary. Assuming that up to 20% hydrogen can be blended in clinker fuel mix without significant changes in equipment configuration, this study evaluates the pote
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Rahman, Farzana, and Raissa Douglas Ferron. "Thermodynamic Modeling of Carbonation of Blended Cements for Wellbore Integrity." In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-1110.

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ABSTRACT: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) holds promise for mitigating global greenhouse gas emissions by capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from industrial sources and storing it in deep geological formations. However, the potential impacts of CCS on oil well cements, critical components for wellbore integrity, demand careful evaluation. These cements are employed in primary, remedial cementing and plugging and abandonment operations of oil and gas wells. Alteration of cement hydration products via carbonation poses threat to wellbore integrity since it leads to leaching of cement matrix. Althou
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Guynn, John, and John Kline. "Maximizing SCM content of blended cements." In 2015 IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry Conference. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/citcon.2015.7122611.

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"Superplasticizers for Calcined Clay Blended Cements." In SP-355: Recent Advances in Concrete Technology and Sustainability Issues. American Concrete Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/51736013.

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"Sulfate Attack on Blended Portland Cements." In SP-192: 2000 Canmet/ACI Conference on Durability of Concrete. American Concrete Institute, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/5763.

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"Ternary Blended Cements for High-Performance Concrete." In "SP-207: Proceedings, Third International Conference on High Performance Concrete: Performance and Quality of Concrete St". American Concrete Institute, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/12405.

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"Immobilization of Wastes by Metakaolin-Blended Cements." In "SP-178: Sixth CANMET/ACI/JCI Conference: FLy Ash, Silica Fume, Slag & Natural Pozzolans in Concrete". American Concrete Institute, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/6019.

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"Compatibility of PC Superplasticizers with Slag-Blended Cements." In SP-262: Ninth ACI International Conference on Superplasticizers and Other Chemical Admixtures. American Concrete Institute, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/51663225.

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Reports on the topic "Blended cements"

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Farny, James. Chemical and Physical Characteristics of US Hydraulic Cements: 2022. Portland Cement Association (PCA), 2025. https://doi.org/10.70909/pca.2025.sn3354.

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This report summarizes responses to a survey on chemical and physical characteristics of hydraulic cements produced in the US. In the survey, yearly average data for cements produced in 2022 was requested for cements manufactured under ASTM C150/AASHTO M 85 (portland cements), ASTM C595/AASHTO M 240 (blended hydraulic cements), ASTM C1157 (hydraulic cements), ASTM C91 (masonry cements), ASTM C1328 (plastic (stucco) cements), and ASTM C1329 (mortar cements). The properties of interest include those required to meet the chemical and physical requirements of the respective ASTM/AASHTO specificati
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Bentz, Dale P., Chiara F. Ferraris, and James J. Filliben. Optimization of particle sizes in high volume fly ash blended cements. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7763.

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Tennis, Paul, Michael Thomas, W. Jason Weiss, Eric Giannini, and James Farny. State-of-the-Art Report on Use of Limestone in Cements at Levels of up to 15%. Portland Cement Association, 2024. https://doi.org/10.70909/pca.2024.sn3128.03.

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This document is to serve as background technical information for engineers, specifiers, and other concrete technologists on use of portland-limestone cements with limestone contents in amounts up to 15% (focusing on amounts between 5% and 15%) and the use of these cements in concrete. Standard requirements for portland-limestone cements in the U.S. are found in ASTM C595 and AASHTO M 240, Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements. Environmental benefits are discussed as well as a history of use of cements with limestone, including a selection of case studies of projects in the U.S.
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Tennis, Paul, Michael Thomas, W. Jason Weiss, James Farny, and Eric Giannini. State-of-the-Art Report on Use of Limestone in Cements at Levels of up to 15%. Portland Cement Association, 2024. https://doi.org/10.70909/pca.2024.sn3148.03.

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This document is to serve as background technical information for engineers, specifiers, and other concrete technologists on use of limestone in hydraulic cements in amounts up to 15% (focusing on amounts between 5% and 15%). The document also provides supporting data for standardization of limestone blended cements in ASTM C595 and AASHTO M240. Environmental benefits are noted as well as a history of use of cements with limestone. The chemical and physical effects of limestone on fresh and hardened properties of concrete are emphasized.
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Lomboy, Gilson, Douglas Cleary, Seth Wagner, et al. Long-term performance of sustainable pavements using ternary blended concrete with recycled aggregates. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40780.

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Dwindling supplies of natural concrete aggregates, the cost of landfilling construction waste, and interest in sustainable design have increased the demand for recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) in new portland cement concrete mixtures. RCA repurposes waste material to provide useful ingredients for new construction applications. However, RCA can reduce the performance of the concrete. This study investigated the effectiveness of ternary blended binders, mixtures containing portland cement and two different supplementary cementitious materials, at mitigating performance losses of concrete mixt
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Sugama, Toshifumi. Alkali-activated Class F Fly Ash-rich Portland Cement Blends as Alternative Thermal Shock Resistant Cements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1425181.

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Snyder, Kenneth A., and Paul E. Stutzman. Hydrated Phases in Blended Cement Systems and Synthetic Saltstone Grouts. National Bureau of Standards, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7947.

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Sugama, T., J. Warren, T. Butcher, Lance Brothers, and D. Bour. Self-degradable Slag/Class F Fly Ash-Blend Cements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1030632.

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Langton, C., and D. Stefanko. BLENDED CALCIUM ALUMINATE-CALCIUM SULFATE CEMENT-BASED GROUT FOR P-REACTOR VESSEL IN-SITU DECOMMISSIONING. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1011327.

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Kruger, A. A., R. A. Olson, and P. D. Tennis. Early containment of high-alkaline solution simulating low-level radioactive waste stream in clay-bearing blended cement. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/79046.

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