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Journal articles on the topic 'Blepharis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 21 June 2025

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1

Joshi, Devang Y., Mukeshkumar B. Nariya, and Rajesh Barvaliya. "A Phyto-pharmacological review of Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B. Heyne ex Roth." Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 7, no. 1 (2021): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jahm.2021.7112.

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The present highlight the comprehensive ethano-medicinal uses of B. maderaspatensis, to enlighten its phytochemical constituents and pharmacological uses which may useful in various types of diseases. Blepharis is a genus of plant in family Acanthaceae and it contains around 126 species found in seasonally dry to arid habitats. One of its plants, Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B. Heyne ex Roth has been recognized by the Utinjan, Otigan, Utagan, and Chatushpatri in Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi, and Sanskrit respectively. Leaf extract of B. maderaspatensis rich in phytoconstituents like saponins, mucilage, flavonoids like caffeic acid, rutin, quercetin and ferulic acid. It is useful in various types of diseases as proved by pharmacological studies as an anti-hyperlipidaemic, anti-atherogenic activities, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive activity, anti-ulcer activity, wound healing activity and in diabetic wound. The review suggests the similar uses and nomenclature of B. maderaspatensis to Blepharis edulis as mentioned in Wealth of India. Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B. Heyne ex Roth has rich phytoconstituents and varied pharmacological activities. Further, it has similar uses as Blepharis edulis mentioned in Wealth of India. Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B. Heyne ex Roth is the species of original Utingan stated in Ayurveda. Likewise, it has similar properties and action to the Blepharis edulis (Forssk.) Pers. which could be useful for different types of diseases like inflammation, ulcer, wound, diabetic wound. Present review highlights the phytoconstituents and different ethanomedicinal claims and some proven pharmacological activities.

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2

Jambula Dinesh Babu, Bhuvaneswari Santharam, and Kottai Muthu Arumugam. "Estimation of flavonoids and screening of in vitro antioxidant activity of various extracts of aerial parts of Blepharis maderaspatensis by hydroxyl radical and total antioxidant activity." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (2020): 1204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4266.

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Antioxidants are substances that hamper or inhibit the oxidation of oxidizable substrates in the cells. The aerial parts of Blepharis maderaspatensis dry powder was extracted with various solvents (PE, EA and methanol) through Soxhlet extractor. The aerial parts of different concentrates (Pet.ether, ethyl acetate and methanol) of Blepharis maderaspatensis was evaluated for its in-vitro antioxidant potential by hydroxyl radical, total antioxidant activity taking ascorbate used as standard for the both methods and total flavonoids content was estimated as equivalent to rutin. The methanolic concentrates of Blepharis maderaspatensis & standard exhibited antioxidant potential possessing IC50 210µg/ml & 62µg/ml (hydroxyl radical) 200µg/ml & 57µg/ml (Total antioxidant activity) respectively. An IC50 value was originate that methanolic concentrates of Blepharis maderaspatensis more efficient in hydroxyl radical, total antioxidant activity compared EA & PE concentrates. The methanolic and EA concentrates of Blepharis maderaspatensis showed the total flavonoids content (11.230±0.22 and 2.858±0.56 mg of rutin equivalent/g of powder) respectively. The difference in scavenging potential of the extracts can be due to variation in the percentage of bioactive compound flavonoids present in methanolic extracts. Invitro antioxidant studies obviously show methanolic concentrates of Blepharis maderaspatensis have better antioxidant activity due to the presence of total flavonoids content. The findings from the study reveal that the antioxidative potentials of methanolic concentrates Blepharis maderaspatensis could serve as free radical inhibitors, possibly acting as natural antioxidants.

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3

Abdel, Karim, M., Nisrin, A., and Talha Rahama Omelhassan. "Isolation, Partial Characterization of an Isoflavone from Sudanese Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) and Antimicrobial Activity of Fractions." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 6, no. 6 (2019): 7–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13947108.

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<em>Blepharis</em> is a genus in the family Acanthaceae. This genus comprises around 129 species distributed in arid and semi-arid regions. Many species belonging to this genus are used in folklore medicine<strong>.</strong><em> Blepharis maderaspatensis</em> is a procumbent or scrambling perennial herb. It is used in folklore medicine against wounds, edema, snake bite and gout. The plant possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive properties. An isoflavone has been isolated by thin layer chromatography fr<strong>o</strong>m the whole plant of <em>Blepharis maderaspatensis</em>. The partial structure of the isolated flavonoid has been deduced on the basis of its spectral data (UV and <sup>1</sup>HNMR). Different fractions of <em>Blepharis maderaspatensis</em> have been screened for antimicrobial activity. The ethanolic extract of <em>Blepharis maderaspatensis</em> showed moderate against <em>Bacillus subtilis. </em>Other fractions showed partial activity against <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>. The n-butanol fraction exhibited partial activity against <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>and <em>Escherichia coli</em>.

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4

Carter, MV, and A. Bolay. "Libertella Blepharis A.l. Smith." Australasian Plant Pathology 15, no. 2 (1986): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/app9860047.

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5

BALDESI, GIACOMO, and KAJ VOLLESEN. "A striking new species of Blepharis (Acanthaceae) from north-eastern Somalia." Phytotaxa 539, no. 1 (2022): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.539.1.7.

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Blepharis eilensis (Acanthaceae) is described as new to science. Blepharis eilensis belongs to subg. Acanthodium sect. Acanthodium. It is endemic to north-eastern Somalia, in the Nogal (Nugaal) region and is presently known only from the type collection. The species is compared with similar species from NE Africa (B. forgiarinii, B. diplodonta) and preliminary information on the ecology, distribution and conservation status of this new species is provided.

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6

Harraz, Fathalla M., Atle T. Pedersen, Øyvind M. Andersen, Luisella Verotta, and Marco Tatò. "Acylated flavonoids from Blepharis ciliaris." Phytochemistry 43, no. 2 (1996): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00289-0.

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7

COUDHARY, DHARMENDRA, RAVI PRASAD, Kanhaiya Lal Meena, and SUMITRA JATOLIYA. "Phytochemical Analysis and Genetic Characterization of Genus Blepharis in Rajasthan, India." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 13, no. 3 (2023): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p181-188.

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Nature has been a source of therapeutic agents for thousands of years and a remarkable number of modern medications have been secluded from ordinary sources. Higher plants, as sources of therapeutic compounds, have sustained to play a leading role in the conservation of human health since pre-historic times. Blepharis is an Afro-asiatic genus including 129 species, belonging to the family Acanthaceae, widely distributed in dry and semi-dry habitats. The aim of this study was to identify primary metabolites quantitatively and flavonoid compounds qualitatively using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) from the leaves of two species of the Blepharis genus, and also to investigate the genetic analysis of these species using the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). In quantitative analysis, primary metabolites such as protein, carbohydrates, lipid and phenol were found with significant values. In TLC characterization, Kaempferol and Rutin were identified as flavonoid compounds from both leaves samples. A total of 4 and 3 polymorphic bands were observed from OPA-2 primer in RAPD Profile of B. repens and B. repens var. rajasthanensis (a new varieties) leaves. The result concluded that these two different varieties of genus Blepharis can be used as an alternative to the conventional medicines due to having wide range of phytocemical activities. This study suggests that there is a need to know the possibility of using extracts and bio-active mixtures derived from Blepharis genus for the control of lasting ailments as claimed by traditional therapists.

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8

Vollesen, Kaj. "Three New Species of Blepharis (Acanthaceae)." Kew Bulletin 57, no. 2 (2002): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4111124.

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9

Witztum, A., and K. Schulgasser. "SEED DISPERSAL BALLISTICS IN BLEPHARIS CILIARIS." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 43, no. 2 (1995): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1995.10676600.

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During drying of the bilocular capsular fruit of Blepharis ciliaris (L.) B.L. Burtt (Acanthaceae, subfamily Acanthoideae), elastic potential energy is stored in the septum that separates the two locules. When the tip of the capsule is wetted, a failure develops in the tissue seams joining the two valves of the capsule, which propagates rapidly from the apex of the capsule downwards. This converts the elastic potential energy to kinetic energy, part of which is used to launch the two seeds from the peculiar hook-like jaculators on which they sit. The ballistics of seed ejection in Blepharis ciliaris is described and related to the morphology of the plant.

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10

Baldesi, Giacomo, and Kaj Vollesen. "A striking new species of Blepharis (Acanthaceae) from north-eastern Somalia." Phytotaxa 539, no. 1 (2022): 62–68. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.539.1.7.

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Baldesi, Giacomo, Vollesen, Kaj (2022): A striking new species of Blepharis (Acanthaceae) from north-eastern Somalia. Phytotaxa 539 (1): 62-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.539.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.539.1.7

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11

Gutterman, Yitzchak. "Day-neutral flowering in some Desert Blepharis spp." Journal of Arid Environments 15, no. 2 (1988): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1963(18)30988-1.

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12

Yaradua, Samaila S., Dhafer A. Alzahrani, Abidina Abba, Enas J. Albokhary, and Abubakar Bello. "The complete chloroplast genome of Blepharis ciliaris (Acanthaceae)." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4, no. 2 (2019): 3729–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2019.1681315.

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13

Al-Hakimi, Anisa Saeed, Seham Saeed, N. Omar, and Abdul Latiff. "Antioxidant Properties of Leaves Extracts of Acanthaceae Species." Malaysian Applied Biology 52, no. 3 (2023): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2683.

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The objective of this study is to determine the antioxidant properties of leaves extracts of 24 Acanthaceae species: Asystasia guttata, Ballochia amoena, Barleria aculeata, B. orbicularis, B. parviflora, B. prionitis, B. ventricosa, Blepharis cayaniense, B. maderaspatensis, Crossandra johanninae, Dicliptera effusa, D. paniculata, D. verticillata, Ecbolium gymnostachyum, Hypoestes pubescens, H. triflora, Justicia caerulea, J. heterocarpa, J. odora, Megalochalmyas violacea, Phaulopsis imbricata, Trichocalyx orbicular, Ruellia grandiflora and R. paulayana. The radical scavenging activities of 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, and total phenolic compounds of species were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. Blepharis cayaniense has the highest phenolic compounds (995.5 mg of gallic acid per g of sample) while Hypoestes pubescens, and Ruellia paulayana (10 mg/mL gallic acid equivalent) have the lowest concentration of phenolic acid but less radical scavenging activities (DPPH) and reducing ferric power. Only Trichocalyx orbiculatus has the highest concentration in phenolic content, radical-scavenging activities, and reducing power. Interestingly, the antioxidant activities of different Acanthaceae species exhibit unique medicinal properties.

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14

Lukashevich, Elena, and Andrey Przhiboro. "New Chironomidae (Diptera) with elongate proboscises from the Late Jurassic of Mongolia." ZooKeys 130 (September 24, 2011): 307–22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1555.

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Four new species of Chironomidae with well-developed elongate proboscises are described from a Late Jurassic site Shar Teg in SW Mongolia. These are named <i>Cretaenne rasnicyni</i> <b>sp. n</b>., <i>Podonomius blepharis</i> <b>sp. n</b>., <i>P. macromastix</i> <b>sp. n</b>., ? <i>P. robustus</i> <b>sp. n.</b>

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15

Basahi, Mohammed A., and Yahya S. Masrahi. "Blepharis saudensis (Acanthaceae), a new species from Saudi Arabia." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 26, no. 7 (2019): 1509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.01.002.

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16

Mmatli, Edward Eddie, Helle Malerød, Steven Ray Wilson, et al. "Identification of major metal complexing compounds in Blepharis aspera." Analytica Chimica Acta 597, no. 1 (2007): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2007.06.042.

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17

Koosaletse-Mswela, Pulane, Wojciech J. Przybyłowicz, Karen J. Cloete, Alban D. Barnabas, Nelson Torto, and Jolanta Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz. "Quantitative mapping of elemental distribution in leaves of the metallophytes Helichrysum candolleanum, Blepharis aspera, and Blepharis diversispina from Selkirk Cu–Ni mine, Botswana." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 363 (November 2015): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2015.09.005.

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18

S, Vijayalakshmi, and Kripa Kg. "HEAVY METAL ANALYSIS OF BLEPHARIS MADERASPATENSIS (L.) HEYNE EX ROTH." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 10 (2018): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.26418.

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Objective: The objective of the study was to execute systematic heavy metal assessment of the plant to ensure its safe usage in herbal medicine or as nutraceuticals. Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.)Heyne ex Roth commonly called as Nethiramooli in Tamil is a widely distributed medicinal herb with a long history of traditional usage in the treatment of many ailments.Method: The plant material was collected from Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India, duly authenticated and heavy metal content investigated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.Results: Results indicated that the toxic metal, mercury was not detectable even in traces; other metals such as cadmium, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, nickel, and lead were found at very low quantities while trace elements such as iron, zinc, copper, and cobalt in fairly significant concentrations.Conclusions: These results thus substantiate the safe usage of this plant and may be used to set new standards for prescribing the dosage of the herbal drugs prepared from it, ensuring a better understanding of the risks associated with its usage.

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19

Ahmed, F. E., S. M. A. Abusam, and E. E. A. Ahmed. "The Bases of Blepharis sp. Adaptation to Water-Limited Environment." Asian Journal of Crop Science 2, no. 1 (2009): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajcs.2010.12.19.

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20

El-Shanawany, Mohamed A., Hanaa M. Sayed, Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim, Marwa A. A. Fayed, Mohamed M. Radwan, and Samir A. Ross. "A new isoflavone from Blepharis ciliaris of an Egyptian origin." Medicinal Chemistry Research 22, no. 5 (2012): 2346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00044-012-0228-2.

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21

Munkvold, Gary P. "Eutypa Dieback of Grapevine and Apricot." Plant Health Progress 2, no. 1 (2001): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2001-0219-01-dg.

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Eutypa dieback, whose primary economic hosts are Vitis L. spp. (grapevine) and Prunus armeniaca L. (apricot), is caused by the following pathogen: Eutypa lata (Pers:Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. (=Eutypa armeniacae Hansf. & Carter); its anamorph is Libertella blepharis A.L. Sm. (=Cytosporina Sacc. sp.). This article covers taxonomy, symptoms and signs on grapevine and apricot, host range, geographical distribution, isolation, identification, storage, and pathogenicity tests. Accepted for publication 13 February 2001. Published 19 February 2001.

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22

Alsiddig, Osama, Awadelkarim Sufyan, Ali Noha, Khalid Safa, Mohammed Shima, and Hashim Nosiba. "Phytochemical Composition and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Blepharis linariifolia (Pers.) Seeds." Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences 2, no. 2 (2017): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJOCS/2017/33182.

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<em>Blepharis linariifolia</em> (Pers.) originates from Sudan and grows widely in Africa. The current study has been designed to evaluate the bioactive compounds and antimicrobial activity of the n-hexane extract of <em>Blepharis linariifolia </em>seeds. The extract was analyzed by GC-MS (Model GCMS-QP2010 Ultra, Shimadzu Co., Japan) which revealed the presence of 2-Pentanol, 2-methyl;3-Pentanol, 3-methyl; 2-Hexanone; Hexanal; Benzaldehyde, 4-fluoro; 4-Methyl-4-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)oxypentane-2,3-dione; 4-methyl-4-[3',4',5',6'-tetrahydro-2'-H-pyranyl-2'-oxy]-2,3-pentanedione; Hexane, 1,1'-oxybis; 1-Pentanol, 2,2-dimethyl; Butanoic acid, 2-ethyl-2-methyl; 2-Heptene, 5-ethyl-2,4-dimethyl; Undeca-4,8-dione; Acetic acid, 4-acetyl-2-isopropyl-5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl ester; 1-(3,3-dimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)pentan-2-one 3-cyano-2-oxa-1-ethoxyadamanane; Ethyl 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate; Heneicosane 4,8,12,16-Tetramethylheptadecan-4-olide; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester; Hexatriacontane and Dotriacontane. All compounds were identified from the spectral libraries of National Institute of Standard and Technology and WILEY. FTIR analysis revealed the presence various functional groups related to different type of organic substances including: Organic halogen, Ester, nitro compound, aromatics, amines, Aldehyde, Alkenes, Phenol, Alcohol and silicon compounds. The in vitro antimicrobial assays showed there is non-significant activity of this extract against five microorganism tested for.

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23

Kumari, Rajesh, Apurva Priyadarshi, AnilKumar Sharma, and MohalLal Jaiswal. "Preliminary pharmacognostic and phytochemical investigation of Blepharis sindica-T. anders seeds." Ancient Science of Life 36, no. 2 (2016): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/asl.asl_29_16.

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24

El-Shanawany, M., H. Sayed, S. Ibrahim, and M. Fayed. "Stigmasterol Tetracosanoate, a New Stigmasterol Ester from the Egyptian Blepharis ciliaris." Drug Research 65, no. 07 (2014): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1382064.

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25

Malombe, Itambo, Ensermu Kelbessa, and Muthama Muasya. "A Taxonomic Study of the Blepharis edulis Complex (Acanthaceae) in Eastern Africa." Journal of East African Natural History 91, no. 1 (2002): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2002)91[81:atsotb]2.0.co;2.

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26

Osama, Alsiddig, Sufyan Awadelkarim, Noha Ali, Safa Khalid, Shima Mohammed, and Nosiba Hashim. "Phytochemical Composition and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Blepharis linariifolia (Pers.) Seeds." Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences 2, no. 2 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2017/33182.

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27

L. Deore, Sharada, Poonam B. Bhansali, and Bhushan A. Baviskar. "Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and in vitro Biological Evaluation of Blepharis repens (Vahl) Roth." Pharmacognosy Journal 12, no. 5 (2020): 952–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2020.12.135.

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28

Furness, Carol A. "Pollen morphology of Acanthopsis Harvey, Acanthus L. and Blepharis Jussieu (Acanthaceae: Acantheae)." Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 92, no. 3-4 (1996): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(95)00108-5.

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29

Ashour, Mohamed Abdel-Ghaffar. "New diacyl flavonoid derivatives from the Egyptian plant Blepharis edulis (Forssk.) Pers." Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University 53, no. 1 (2015): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bfopcu.2015.02.001.

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30

Sowemimo, Abimbola, Monsurat Onakoya, Muyiwa S. Fageyinbo, and Titilayo Fadoju. "Studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive properties of Blepharis maderaspatensis leaves." Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 23, no. 5 (2013): 830–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-695x2013000500016.

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31

Pattar, Pramod V., M. Jayaraj, B. S. Arunkumar, and B. Ananth. "Pharmacognostical and Preliminary Phytochemical Investigation of Blepharis molluginifolia, Pers. — A Threatened Medicinal Herb." Pharmacognosy Journal 3, no. 19 (2011): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2011.19.6.

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32

Sulieman, Abdel Moniem Elhadi, Hajo Idriss, Mamdouh Alshammari, et al. "Comprehensive In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Computational Insights into Blepharis ciliaris (L.) B. L. Burtt from Hail Mountains, Saudi Arabia." Plants 13, no. 24 (2024): 3491. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13243491.

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The arid mountainous region of Hail in Saudi Arabia has a variety of desert vegetation, some of which are conventionally used in Bedouin traditional medicine. These plants need scientific examination. This research seeks to examine Blepharis ciliaris using a thorough multi-analytical methodology that includes antibacterial and antioxidant assessments as well as computational modeling. GC–MS analysis of the methanolic extract revealed 17 organic compounds, including pentadecanoic acid, ethyl methyl ester (2.63%); hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (1.00%); 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (2.74%); 9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (E) (2.78%); octadecanoic acid (5.88%); 9-tetradecenoic acid (Z) (3.22%); and undec-10-enoic acid, undec-2-n-1-yl ester (5.67%). The DPPH test evaluated antioxidant activity, revealing a notable increase with higher concentrations of the methanolic extract, achieving maximum inhibition of 81.54% at 1000 µg/mL. The methanolic extract exhibited moderate antibacterial activity, with average inhibition zones of 10.33 ± 1.53 mm, 13.33 ± 1.53 mm, 10.67 ± 1.53 mm, and 10.00 ± 2.00 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Serratia marcescens, respectively, as determined by the disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were 500 µg/mL for S. aureus and B. subtilis, whereas E. coli and S. marcescens showed susceptibility at 1000 µg/mL. Computational simulations were employed to assess the toxicity, drug-likeness, and ADMET profiles of compounds derived from Blepharis ciliaris. Thirteen bioactive compounds were assessed in silico against Staphylococcus aureus sortase A (PDB: 1T2O), Bacillus subtilis BsFabHb (PDB: 8VDB), Escherichia coli LPS assembly protein (LptD) (PDB: 4RHB), and a modeled Serratia marcescens outer-membrane protein TolC, focusing on cell wall and membrane structures. Compound 3, (+)-Ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate, shown significant binding affinities to B. subtilis BsFabHb, E. coli LPS assembly protein, and S. marcescens TolC.

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Alqarni, Abdulaziz, Mohammed Hannan, Victor Gonzalez, and Michael Engel. "A new species of Chalicodoma from Saudi Arabia with modified facial setae (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)." ZooKeys 204 (June 25, 2012): 71–83. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.204.3228.

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Some bees and pollen wasps have independently evolved simple, stiff, erect, apically-curved, curly or hooked facial setae as adaptations to collect pollen from nototribic flowers. A distinctive new species of <i>Chalicodoma</i> Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau subgenus <i>Pseudomegachile</i> Friese from Saudi Arabia with such morphological adaptations, <i>C</i>. <i>riyadhense</i> <b>sp. n.</b>, is described and figured. The species was captured visiting flowers of <i>Blepharis ciliaris</i> (L.) (Acanthaceae). The occurrence of modified facial setae is documented and discussed for the first time in eight other species of <i>Pseudomegachile</i>, and a key to the genera and subgenera of Megachilini currently confirmed for Saudi Arabia is provided.

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34

Pilotti, M., F. Gervasi, and A. Brunetti. "Molecular Identification of Fomitiporia mediterranea and Eutypa lata/Libertella blepharis in Platanus x acerifolia." Journal of Phytopathology 153, no. 4 (2005): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2005.00950.x.

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35

Mohamed, Gamal A., Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim, Ehab S. Elkhayat, et al. "Blepharisides A and B, new flavonol glycosides from Blepharis ciliaris growing in Saudi Arabia." Phytochemistry Letters 11 (March 2015): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2014.12.018.

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36

Mohan, V. R., Abragam D. Amish, C. Kalidass, and A. Maruthupandian. "Pharmacognostical and phytochemical investigation of whole plant of Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Heyne ex Roth." Pharmacognosy Journal 2, no. 14 (2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0975-3575(10)80063-x.

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37

Fisher, Amanda E., Lucinda A. McDade, Carrie A. Kiel, et al. "Evolutionary History of Blepharis (Acanthaceae) and the Origin of C4 Photosynthesis in Section Acanthodium." International Journal of Plant Sciences 176, no. 8 (2015): 770–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/683011.

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38

Sharower, MG, and MA Latif. "Larvicidal Impact of Some Local Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Aedes Aegypti (L.)." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 44, no. 1 (2018): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v44i1.46546.

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The larvicidal potential of different solvent (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol) crude leaf extracts of five plants (Blepharis maderaspatensis, Elaeagnus indica, Maesa indica, Phyllanthus wightianus and Memecylon edule) were tested against the fourth-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. All the tested extracts showed moderate to good larvicidal activities. However, the maximum larval mortality was detected in acetone extract of E. indica (LC50 90.89, LC90 217.21 and LC99 441.88 ppm) followed by M. indica acetone extract (LC50 173.21, LC90 289.86 and LC99 441.04 ppm). The results revealed that larvicidal properties of the four selected plants and encourages further investigation for the bioactive compounds that might possess good larvicidal properties in pure form. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 44(1): 61-67, June 2018

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39

Mazzullo, Alessandro, Augusto Cesari, Fabio Osti, and Stefano Di Marco. "Bioassays on the Activity of Resveratrol, Pterostilbene and Phosphorous Acid towards Fungi Associated with Esca of Grapevine." Phytopathologia Mediterranea 39, no. 3 (2000): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-4846.

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An examination was carried out under laboratory conditions to determine whether resveratrol, pterostilbene and mixtures of each stilbene with phosphorous acid had an inhibitory activity against some fungi involved in esca: Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Libertella blepharis (anamorph of Eutypa lata), Fomitiporia punctata and Stereum hirsutum. An inhibition of mycelial growth by resveratrol was not found but there was a clear correlation between pterostilbene concentration and reduction of radial growth confirming the antifungal activity of this phytoalexin. Although phosphorous acid proved to be generally ineffective, an increase of antifungal activity of stilbenes in the mixtures was observed with all fungi except F. punctata. The possible relation between fungal phenol oxidase activity and inhibition by mixtures of stilbenes and phosphorous acid was discussed.

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Gaikar, Nilesh, Manan Raval, Samir Patel, Preksha Patel, and Lal Hingorani. "Isolation, characterization and estimation of benzoxazinoid glycoside from seeds of Blepharis persica (Burm.f) O. Kuntze." SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 4, no. 4 (2021): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sscp.202000090.

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41

Rajasekaran, Aiyalu, Vellaichamy Sivakumar, and Sabarimuthu Darlinquine. "Evaluation of wound healing activity of Ammannia baccifera and Blepharis maderaspatensis leaf extracts on rats." Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 22, no. 2 (2012): 418–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-695x2011005000207.

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Osama, Alsiddig, Sufyan Awdelkarim, and Mohamed Ezeldin. "Spectrophotometric Determination of Total Phenol and Flavonoid Contents of Aerial Parts of Blepharis edulis (Pers.)." Chemical Science International Journal 18, no. 2 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/csji/2017/25916.

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43

Pandey, Pragya, Shailendra Bindaiya, and Shailendra Lariya. "FORMULATION, DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES OF BLEPHARIS EDULIS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANDIDIASIS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research 11, no. 1 (2022): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.38164/ajper/11.1.2022.99-108.

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Dirar, Amina Ibrahim, Anjana Adhikari-Devkota, Ripu Mardhan Kunwar, et al. "Genus Blepharis (Acanthaceae): A review of ethnomedicinally used species, and their phytochemistry and pharmacological activities." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 265 (January 2021): 113255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113255.

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45

Göllner-Scheiding, Ursula. "Revision der afrikanischen Arten der Gattung Lasiacantha Stal, 1873 (Heteroptera: Tingidae: Tinginae: Tingini)." Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 55, no. 2 (2005): 363–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.55.2.363-386.

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Die afrikanischen Arten der Gattung Lasiacantha werden überprüft. Bisher sind 19 Arten bekannt, darunter drei neue Arten: barbarae aus der Republik Südafrika, lata aus Namibia und pennyi aus Madagaskar. Vier Arten werden als Synonyma eingeordnet: flavicornis Linnavuori, 1977 = absimilis Drake, 1951, kamanyabensis Duarte-Rodrigues, 1987 = Cysteochila theroni Duarte-Rodrigues, 1990, kin Schouteden, 1955 = comantis Drake, 1953 and yebo Schouteden, 1955 = horvathi Drake, 1951. Als neue Wirtspflanzen konnten festgestellt werden Barleria angustifolia für lata, Blepharis mitrata für turneri und Monechma genistifolium für kamanyabensis.Nomenklatorische Handlungentheroni Duarte-Rodrigues, 1990 (Cysteochila), syn. n. of Lasiacantha kamanyabensis Duarte-Rodrigues, 1987barbarae Göllner-Scheiding, 2005 (Lasiacantha), spec. n.flavicornis Linnavuori, 1977 (Lasiacantha), syn. n. of Lasiacantha absimilis Drake, 1951kin Schouteden, 1955 (Lasiacantha), syn. n. of Lasiacantha comantis Drake, 1953lata Göllner-Scheiding, 2005 (Lasiacantha), spec. n.pennyi Göllner-Scheiding, 2005 (Lasiacantha), spec. n.yebo Schouteden, 1955 (Lasiacantha), syn. n. of Lasiacantha horvathi Drake, 1951

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Vijayalakshmi, S., K. G. Kripa, and V. Suganthi. "Toxicological study of hydroalcoholic extract of Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) heyne ex roth in wistar albino rats." RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND TECHNOLOGY 13, no. 12 (2020): 5673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2020.00988.9.

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Abdel Maboud, Taha. "CYTOTOXIC POTENTIALS AND PHYTOCONSTITUENTS PROFILING OF BLEPHARIS EDULIS (FORSSK.) PERS. USING UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS-MS." Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 63, no. 1 (2021): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajps.2021.153559.

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Raval, Manan, Nilesh Gaikar, Nishit Patel, Samir Patel, Priyal Patel та Piyush Chudasama. "Blepharis persica increases testosterone biosynthesis by modulating StAR and 3β-HSD expression in rat testicular tissues". Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction 11, № 1 (2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2305-0500.335859.

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Günster, Antje. "Phenological niches of coexisting serotinous plants in the Namib Desert." Journal of Tropical Ecology 10, no. 4 (1994): 531–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646740000821x.

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ABSTRACTTiming of germination and flowering under different environmental conditions was investigated in four coexisting serotinous desert plants: Blepharis grossa (annual herb), Geigeria data, Geigeria ornativa (facultative perennial herbs) and Petalidium setosum (perennial shrub). Germination patterns were similar under varying environmental conditions in the study species, except for P. setosum, which germinated later when conditions were less favourable. B. grossa always germinated early, G. alata and G. ornativa later, which could be explained by differences in their seed dispersal mode. Thus no obvious niche separation in timing of germination was indicated in the study species. Flowering periods varied between seasons rather than between species and no niche separation in flowering times existed between the study plants. This might indicate that either interspecific competition plays a minor role in a community of desert serotinous plants or that niche separation exists in other components of the plants' niche, such as seed dispersal, seedling establishment and/or microhabitat selection.

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Ashour, Mohamed Abdel-Ghaffar. "Isolation, HPLC/UV characterization and antioxidant activity of phenylethanoids from Blepharis edulis (Forssk.) Pers. growing in Egypt." Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University 50, no. 1 (2012): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bfopcu.2012.03.003.

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