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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bloc-or

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Academic literature on the topic 'Bloc-or'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bloc-or"

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Johal, Kavan S., and David Floyd. "To Bloc or Not to Bloc: Challenges in the Management of Patients Requesting “En-Bloc Capsulectomy”." Aesthetic Surgery Journal 40, no. 9 (June 15, 2020): NP561—NP563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaa115.

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Bowman, Chakriya. "Yen bloc or koala bloc? Currency relationships after the East Asian crisis." Japan and the World Economy 17, no. 1 (January 2005): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japwor.2003.09.002.

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Dubuisson, J. B., and C. Chapron. "Le bloc opératoire endoscopique OR 1." Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 31, no. 4 (April 2003): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1297-9589(03)00060-2.

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Shirono, Kazuko. "Yen Bloc or Yuan Bloc: An Analysis of Currency Arrangements in East Asia." IMF Working Papers 09, no. 3 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451871500.001.

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Türkoğlu, Ahmet, Abdullah Oğuz, Gizem Yaman, Mesut Gül, and Burak Veli Ülger. "Laparoscopic splenectomy: clip ligation or en-bloc stapling?" Turkish Journal of Surgery 35, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/turkjsurg.4276.

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Grimberg, Dominic C., Ankeet Shah, and Brant A. Inman. "En Bloc Resection of Bladder Tumors: Style or Substance?" European Urology 78, no. 4 (October 2020): 570–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.05.019.

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Kamusella, Tomasz. "The Jewess Hana, or Antisemitism in the Soviet Bloc." Narracje o Zagładzie, no. 1(7) (May 18, 2021): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/noz.2021.07.17.

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The article is devoted to the first novel of the Sorbian writer Jurij Koch entitled Židowka Hana [The Jewess Hana], published in 1963. Curiously, it contains in its title the ethnonym “Jewess,” which breached the antisemitic line then adopted across the Soviet bloc. Perhaps, this ideological transgression explains why this novel was not translated into German or the bloc’s other languages during the communist period. Sorbian-language novels were (and still are) few and apart, so the East German authorities, for the sake of the official promotion of minority cultures, supported thetranslation of them into German and other “socialist languages.” But not in this case. The important work languished half-forgotten in its Upper Sorbian original and in the 1966 Lower Sorbian translation. Only three decades after the fall of communism and the reunification of Germany, the author prepared and successfully published the German-language version of this novel in 2020.

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Cao, Liangliang, and Jie Ma. "EMBR-05. THE TENTATIVE APPLICATION OF EN BLOC CONCEPT IN THE PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR: EXPERIENCE FROM A LARGE PEDIATRIC CENTER IN CHINA." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_1 (June 1, 2021): i6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab090.023.

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Abstract Background The less allowable blood loss and tolerance of intraoperative blood loss of children lead to the high rate of massive blood transfusion in the treatment of brain tumor. The surgical concepts of en bloc resection may contribute to the improvement of brain tumor resection. Objective To investigate the effects of en bloc concept on short outcomes of pediatric brain tumors and factors associated with the application of en bloc concept. Methods According to the surgical concept involved, the patients were divided into three subgroups-complete en bloc concept, partial en bloc concept and piecemeal concept. The matching-comparison (piecemeal group and en bloc group formed from the first two subgroups) was conducted based on age, tumor location, lesion volume, and pathological diagnosis to investigate effect of the en bloc concept on the short-term outcomes. Then the patient data after January 2018, when the en bloc concept was routinely integrated into brain tumor surgery in our medical center, were reviewed and analyzed to find out the predictors associated with the application of en bloc concept. Results In the en bloc group, the perioperative outcomes, including hospital stay (p=0.001), PICU stay (p=0.003), total blood loss(p=0.015), transfusion rate(p=0.005) and complication rate(p=0.039), were all significantly improved. The multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that tumor volume and imaging features, like bottom vessel, encasing nerve or pass-by vessel, finger-like attachment, ratio of “limited line” and ratio of “clear line” remained independent factors for the application of en bloc concept in our medical center. Conclusion This study supports the application of complete or partial en bloc concept in the pediatric brain tumor surgery referring to the preoperative imaging features, and compared with piecemeal concept, en bloc concept can improve the short outcomes without significant increases in neurological complication. Large series and Additional supportive evidence are still warranted.

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Salazar, G., B. Craige, M. L. Styers, K. A. Newell-Litwa, M. M. Doucette, B. H. Wainer, J. M. Falcon-Perez, et al. "BLOC-1 Complex Deficiency Alters the Targeting of Adaptor Protein Complex-3 Cargoes." Molecular Biology of the Cell 17, no. 9 (September 2006): 4014–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-02-0103.

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Mutational analyses have revealed many genes that are required for proper biogenesis of lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles. The proteins encoded by these genes assemble into five distinct complexes (AP-3, BLOC-1-3, and HOPS) that either sort membrane proteins or interact with SNAREs. Several of these seemingly distinct complexes cause similar phenotypic defects when they are rendered defective by mutation, but the underlying cellular mechanism is not understood. Here, we show that the BLOC-1 complex resides on microvesicles that also contain AP-3 subunits and membrane proteins that are known AP-3 cargoes. Mouse mutants that cause BLOC-1 or AP-3 deficiencies affected the targeting of LAMP1, phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase type II alpha, and VAMP7-TI. VAMP7-TI is an R-SNARE involved in vesicle fusion with late endosomes/lysosomes, and its cellular levels were selectively decreased in cells that were either AP-3- or BLOC-1–deficient. Furthermore, BLOC-1 deficiency selectively altered the subcellular distribution of VAMP7-TI cognate SNAREs. These results indicate that the BLOC-1 and AP-3 protein complexes affect the targeting of SNARE and non-SNARE AP-3 cargoes and suggest a function of the BLOC-1 complex in membrane protein sorting.

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Suki, Dima, Mustafa Aziz Hatiboglu, Akash J. Patel, Jeffrey S. Weinberg, Morris D. Groves, Anita Mahajan, and Raymond Sawaya. "COMPARATIVE RISK OF LEPTOMENINGEAL DISSEMINATION OF CANCER AFTER SURGERY OR STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY FOR A SINGLE SUPRATENTORIAL SOLID TUMOR METASTASIS." Neurosurgery 64, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 664–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000341535.53720.3e.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that differential risks of developing leptomeningeal disease (LMD) exist in patients having a single supratentorial brain metastasis resected via a piecemeal or en bloc approach or treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). METHODS Between 1993 and 2006, 827 patients with a supratentorial brain metastasis underwent resection or SRS at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. The primary outcome was the incidence of LMD. RESULTS Resection was performed piecemeal in 191 patients and en bloc in 351 patients; 285 patients received SRS. LMD occurred in 33 patients, 29 in the resection group and 4 in the SRS group. Risk of LMD was significantly higher with piecemeal tumor resection than with other procedures (SRS: hazard ratio [HR] for piecemeal, 5.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9–17.2; P = 0.002; en bloc, HR for piecemeal, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3–5.6; P = 0.009). The difference between piecemeal and en bloc was particularly pronounced in patients with a melanoma primary (HR, 8.4; 95% CI, 1.8–39.2; P = 0.007). The risk of LMD was not significantly different between en bloc resection and SRS (HR for en bloc, 2.1; 95% CI, 0.7–6.4; P = 0.21). Similar results were obtained when comparing effects of SRS and both resection approaches after limiting the sample to patients with tumors in a specific volume range. CONCLUSION Piecemeal resection of a supratentorial brain metastasis carries a higher risk of LMD than en bloc resection or SRS. Further assessment of the role of the 2 surgical resection approaches and SRS in a controlled prospective setting with large numbers of patients is warranted.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bloc-or"

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Maddison, Charles. "French inter-war monetary policy : understanding the Gold Bloc /." San Domenico : European university institute, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37166200r.

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Bussière, Éric. "Les relations entre la France et la Belgique dans les rivalités économiques et financières en Europe : novembre 1918 - mars 1935." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040401.

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Histoire des relations économiques et financières entre la France et la Belgique de la fin de la première guerre mondiale à l'échec du bloc-or, marqué par la dévaluation du franc belge en mars 1935. Analyse de la politique des états et des stratégies d'entreprises industrielles et financières. Jusqu'en 1924, alliance économique conflictuelle entre les deux pays dans un contexte de guerre économique contre l’Allemagne. De 1925 à 1930, tentative de constitution d'une Europe des producteurs fondée sur des cartels industriels et un abaissement progressif des barrières douanières la France, l’Allemagne et la Belgique sont placées au cœur de ce projet d’Europe élargie. A partir de 1930, dans un contexte de crise économique et de diminution des échanges, tentatives de solutions régionales. Le bloc-or, associant la France, la Belgique, la Hollande, la Suisse et l’Italie se révèle un cadre trop étroit ce qui explique son échec
History of economic and financial relations between France and Belgium from the end of first world war to the failure of the gold-block caused by the devaluation of the Belgian franc in march 1935. Analysis of states policies and industrial or financial firms’ strategies. From 1918 to 1924, difficult economic alliance between France and Belgium in a general context of economical war against Germany. From 1925 to 1930, attempt to constitute a Europe of manufacturers founded on industrial cartels and progressive decrease of tariff barriers. France, Belgium, Germany are situated in the center of this project of a wide europe. From 1930, in a context of economic crisis and recession of international trade, attempt of regional ways. The gold-block, associating France, Belgium, Holland, Italy and Switzerland show itself a too narrow setting which explains its failure

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Books on the topic "Bloc-or"

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Frankel, Jeffrey A. Yen bloc or dollar bloc: Exchange rate policies of the East Asian economies. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, International Finance Group, 1992.

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United, States Congress House Committee on Small Business Subcommittee on Regulation Business Opportunities and Energy. Pacific Northwest trade with the Eastern Bloc: Opportunities and obstacles for timber and electronics : hearing before the Subcommittee on Regulatation, Business Opportunities, and Energy of the Committee on Small Business, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, Portland, OR, February 12, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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ASEAN free trade area: Trading bloc or building block? Canberra: AGPS Press, 1994.

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Asean Free Trade Area: Trading Bloc or Building Block. Agps Press Publication, 1997.

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Ahuja, Amit. Mobilizing the Marginalized. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190916428.001.0001.

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In India, a young democratic system has undermined the legitimacy of a two-thousand-year-old social system that excluded and humiliated an entire people by treating them as untouchables. This incomplete, but irreversible change in Indian society and politics has been authored by the mobilization of some of the most marginalized citizens in the world and counts as one of the most significant achievements of Indian democracy. Dalits, the former untouchables in India, who number over 200 million, have been mobilized by social movements and political parties, but their mobilization is puzzling. Dalits’ parties perform poorly in elections in states historically home to movements demanding social equality while they do well in other states where such movements have been weak or entirely absent. For Dalits, collective action in the social sphere appears to undermine rather than bolster collective action in the electoral sphere. Mobilizing the Marginalized shows how social movements by marginalized ethnic groups—those who are stigmatized by others and disproportionately poor—undermine bloc voting to generate competition for marginalized citizens’ votes across political parties. The book presents evidence showing that a marginalized group gains more from participating in a social movement and dividing support among parties than from voting en bloc for an ethnic party.

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Seger, Paul. The Law of Neutrality. Edited by Andrew Clapham and Paola Gaeta. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199559695.003.0010.

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This chapter examines the law of neutrality in international armed conflict. It explains that the law of neutrality is a law emanating from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries but has never been formally adapted since the Hague Conventions of 1907. It discusses the core duty of a neutral state which is to refrain from supporting warring parties through military means and its right to require the states in conflict to respect its neutrality, including its neutral territory. This chapter also considers the concepts of temporary and permanent neutrality and considers the distinction of neutral states from non-belligerent, non-aligned or ‘bloc free’ states.

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Kilson, Martin. Analysis of Black American Voters in Barack Obama’s Victory. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036453.003.0003.

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This chapter probes the electoral attributes of a special political dynamic that contributed significantly to Barack Obama's victory in both the 2008 Democratic primary contests and in the national presidential election. That special political dynamic involved the unique contribution of African American voters (hereafter referred to as the Black Voter Bloc or BVB) in facilitating Obama's election as the first African American President of the United States. It argues that the BVB played a critical electoral role in the Obama campaign's delegate count victory in the Democratic primaries by early July 2008 and in the Obama–Biden Democratic ticket's victory over the McCain–Palin Republican ticket in the November 4, 2008, presidential election.

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Trencsényi, Balázs, Michal Kopeček, Luka Lisjak Gabrijelčič, Maria Falina, Mónika Baár, and Maciej Janowski. Stalinism and De-Stalinization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737155.003.0009.

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By 1948, a full-fledged Stalinist dictatorship was introduced all over the region. Socialist realism became an official aesthetic ideology; in historiography, in most cases it was the national Romantic vision that was extolled as “progressive,” but there were also attempts to claim the progressive character of a strong central state power. Independent reflection on Stalinism was only possible either in exile or in the private sphere. After Stalin’s death, however, criticism started to appear, digging more and more into hitherto banned cultural, economic, and historical topics. In 1956 the dramatic events in Hungary and Poland triggered a wave of reflections on the limits of resistance. Yugoslavia, breaking with the Soviet bloc in 1948, followed a different trajectory; however, this did not lead to a lack of repressions towards dissidents, such as Milovan Đilas, whose theory of the “new class” was to have an enormous impact in the region and beyond.

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Imlay, Talbot C. International Socialism at War, 1914–1918. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199641048.003.0002.

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This chapter examines the efforts of European socialists to revive and recast the Socialist International after August 1914. In so doing, it challenges the view that socialist internationalism suffered a deadly blow on the outbreak of war. Almost from the beginning, socialists from different parties met to discuss various aspects of the war. Although these meetings were initially limited to socialists from the same alliance bloc, over time the pressure mounted to organize an international socialist conference that would bridge the belligerent split. During the war, the French, German, and (to a lesser extent) British parties grew increasingly divided over the question of whether to favour a negotiated or victorious end to the war. As divisions deepened, socialists closely followed developments in other parties, with factions in one party drawing inspiration from those in others in what amounted to a struggle to define the meaning of socialist internationalism.

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Selvage, Douglas. The Truth About Friendship Treaties: Behind The Iron Curtain. Edited by Dan Stone. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199560981.013.0016.

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The basic, legal building blocks for the Soviet sphere of influence during the Cold War were the bilateral ‘Treaties of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance’ between the states of East Central Europe and the Soviet Union. Germany was the main potential enemy, but the treaties also applied to any state allied with it or any third state in general – most importantly, the United States. This article traces the evolution of the East Central European states' limited sovereignty from the origins of the friendship-treaty system during World War II through to its final reformulation in the mid-1970s. In terms of the Soviet bloc friendship treaties, one can speak of three periodsm the first of which began with the establishment of the system of friendship treaties under Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, 1943–1948, and ended with his death in 1953. A second period began after Stalin's death in 1953 and the eventual assumption of power by Soviet leader Nikita S. Khrushchev, whose removal ushered in a third and final period for the friendship-treaty system under his successor, Leonid Brezhnev.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bloc-or"

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Tomita, K., H. Tsuchiya, H. Morikawa, M. Ohno, M. Sugihara, T. Sawaguchi, A. Yokogawa, and Kanazawa. "En Bloc Sacral Resection or Total Sacrectomy." In Limb Salvage, 655–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75879-9_91.

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Marung, Steffi, Uwe Müller, and Stefan Troebst. "Monolith or Experiment? The Bloc as a Spatial Format." In Spatial Formats under the Global Condition, edited by Matthias Middell and Steffi Marung, 275–309. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110643008-011.

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Hill, Christopher. "European Foreign Policy: Power Bloc, Civilian Model - or Flop?" In The Evolution of an International Actor, 31–55. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429310690-3.

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Bussière, Éric. "Le bloc-or : une première expérience d’entente économique régionale en Europe occidentale." In La France, la Belgique et l’organisation économique de l’Europe, 1918-1935, 427–54. Institut de la gestion publique et du développement économique, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.igpde.541.

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Ahuja, Amit. "How Mobilization Type Shapes Dalit Welfare." In Mobilizing the Marginalized, 153–76. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190916428.003.0007.

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When the social mobilization and electoral mobilization of the marginalized occur, they represent their political assertion. Why, then, should we care about the type of collective action that mobilizes the marginalized? This chapter argues that variation in welfare provision at the state level turns on a distinction in types of mobilization. When Dalits act collectively as a bloc, this has different consequences for the social sphere as compared to the electoral sphere. In the social sphere, bloc behavior articulates demands, pressurizes bureaucrats and politicians, and monitors the quality of goods and services provided by the state. Democratic accountability is increased. In the electoral sphere, however, bloc behavior has two especially negative effects. First, it transforms Dalits into weak clients, and second, it increases the probability welfare schemes will be disrupted or dismantled with electoral transfers of power. Democratic accountability is decreased.

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Norwood, F. Bailey, Pascal A. Oltenacu, Michelle S. Calvo-Lorenzo, and Sarah Lancaster. "The Local Food Controversy." In Agricultural and Food Controversies. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199368433.003.0007.

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What Is the Local Food Controversy? As Romania exited the Soviet bloc in 1989 and began integrating with western Europe, it returned the land comprising its collective farms to its owners prior to collectivization (or their heirs). As the country transitioned towards a market economy,...

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Day, Richard B. "A New Revelation Concerning the Soviet Economy or How to Destroy the Worker-Peasant Bloc." In N. I. Bukharin, 151–82. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315496375-9.

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Williams, Bruce, and Kledian Myftari. "Albania: Crossing Borders with a New Imaginary." In Contemporary Balkan Cinema, 18–33. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474458436.003.0002.

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The chapter on Albania examines the increased transnational mobility of production funds from both the former Eastern Bloc and the West, placing particular emphasis on the international education and life experiences of Albanian filmmakers debuting or active in the late 2000s and 2010s. It identifies how this cultural cosmopolitanism has rendered Albania’s decades-long isolation a thing of the past, while fostering the development of a cinema of quality and an increase in international co-productions.

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Wempe, Sean Andrew. "Grasping for a Great New Future." In Revenants of the German Empire, 121–56. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190907211.003.0005.

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Chapter 4 examines fragmentation within the colonial lobbies in Germany and their efforts to unify the language of imperial internationalism by the Colonial German bloc in the interwar period during the lead-up to the Locarno Conferences of 1925. What follows is an analysis of the adaptation and reimagining of the three largest and most vocal of the German colonial societies in the Weimar period: the German Colonial Society, the Women’s League, and the Kolonial Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft (Imperial Working Group on the Colonies, KoRAG). Each of these organizations made an effort at retooling itself to serve the needs of Colonial Germans in the Weimar era. Yet despite all their efforts, the DKG and other colonialist organizations in Germany never managed to unite the German colonial bloc. Former officials, missionaries, and German settlers in and from Africa opportunistically adapted their understandings of nationality in pursuit of their own self-interests. The most difficult challenges that the German colonial lobbies faced in the wake of the loss of the empire did not come from the German government or even from the League and the new mandatory powers, but rather from the cacophony of demands placed upon them by a diverse constituency.

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Browning, Christopher S., Pertti Joenniemi, and Brent J. Steele. "Conclusion." In Vicarious Identity in International Relations, 183–206. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197526385.003.0007.

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The chapter reviews the findings of the preceding theoretical and empirical chapters before moving to a broader assessment of what insights a focus on vicarious identity might provide in a context of significant change and uncertainty in international politics. The chapter argues that the proliferation of practices of vicarious identification and vicarious identity promotion are likely to be connected to the relative prevalence of competing fantasies of world order, fantasies variously characterizing the nature of international politics in terms of autonomous units, a bloc-based system, or a normative world order.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bloc-or"

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Nagami, Y., M. Ominami, T. Sakai, S. Fukunaga, H. Yamagami, T. Tanigawa, T. Watanabe, and Y. Fujiwara. "PREDICTORS OF FAILURE OF EN BLOC RESECTION OR PERFORATION IN ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION FOR ESOPHAGEAL NEOPLASIA." In ESGE Days 2019. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1681718.

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Kurtoğlu, Ramazan. "Economy and National Security." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00644.

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After the Great Depression in 1929, “economic security” which was in litterateur after World War II developed and in Cold War period it gained a meaning with neoliberalism which was put into effect with 1978 Washington Consensus. During this period, Soviet Bloc collapsed in early 1990s and a new term emerged in New World Order which is “economic security” equals “national security” or vice versa. Now, these two terms interwined and with a religion – politics philosophy – finance / economics formatted transformation international political economy – mapping and security terms filled.

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Kalça, Adem, and Yılmaz Onur Ari. "Circular Migration Between Georgia and Turkey: Is Triple Win a Solution for Illegal Employment?" In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01647.

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Migrants who come from Georgia is one of the main issues in Turkey’s migration policy. Just like other Eastern Bloc Countries, after socialism collapsed in Georgia, its economy had many problems and impoverished many Georgia citizens. Therefore, Georgian people migrate to Turkey in a circular way in order to work or trade with the strategy for survival. Unfortunately, circular movements from Georgia to Turkey are not subject to a program and it causes many problems like illegal employment, bad living conditions and lack of migrants’ skill and knowledge development. The concept of circular migration and the effects of triple win solution are discussed theoretically in this study. Also a swot analysis of demographic and labor market of autonomous border region of Georgia is made and both negatives and positives of Georgian circular migration to Eastern Black Sea Region are analyzed. According to the results, it’s emphasized that a circular migration program between Georgia and Turkey is necessary to practice the triple win scenario. Triple win scenario supports many economic benefits for all three elements of circular migration, namely home and host countries and the migrants themselves, provided that there is a regulated circular migration. Several measures can be taken to prevent unregistered employment and poor working conditions of migrants, the most importantly the spontaneous circular movement between Georgia and Turkey can be transformed to programmed circular movement.

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Gerni, Cevat, Selahattin Sarı, Dilek Özdemir, and Ömer Selçuk Emsen. "The Effects of Exchange Rate Volatility, Reserve Volatility and Real Interest Rates on Trade: Applications on Transition Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00711.

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On the basis of volatility or sharp fluctuations in macroeconomic variables, especially in the 1970s, it can be said to play a role in deepening the financial capital deepening. Deepening on volatility forms the basis of not only domestic and but also international economic deviations. With the collapse of the Eastern Bloc, a lot of countries have attempted to liberalize. This situation has caused volatility on mainly rate of exchange then many macroeconomics variables. In this aspect, the multi-relationship between volatility in foreign trade balance and the real interest rate, exchange rate and reserves’ volatility are investigated empirically with the appropriate set of data on 11 transition economies for the period 1996-2011. In this study, the effects of the volatility of foreign trade (netxvol) on the exchange rate volatility (kurvol), reserve volatility (rezvol), and real interest rates subjected with using panel data analysis. Moreover to regression analysis, centred on Granger Causality Test the volatility of the foreign trade balance, import and export volatility, exchange rate volatility, volatility of reserves and try to determine the causal relationship between the real interest rate. The findings have light on that the volatility of trade balance was mostly affected to the volatility of the reserve. It may well be said that the volatility of the interest rate and the exchange rate at the independence of the trade predispose to speculative movements.

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Sandesh Kumar, Rudrapati, and Payal Shrivastava. "Radio Active Waste Management: Underground Repository Method." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22639.

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Finding a solution for nuclear waste is a key issue, not only for the protection of the environment but also for the future of the nuclear industry. Ten years from now, when the first decisions for the replacement of existing nuclear power plants will have to be made, The general public will require to know the solution for nuclear waste before accepting new nuclear plants. In other words, an acceptable solution for the management of nuclear waste is a prerequisite for a renewal of nuclear power. Most existing wastes are being stored in safe conditions waiting for permanent solution, with some exceptions in the former Eastern Bloc. Temporary surface or shallow storage is a well known technique widely used all over the world. A significant research effort has been made by the author of this paper in the direction of underground repository. The underground repository appears to be a good solution. Trying to transform dangerous long lived radionuclides into less harmful short lived or stable elements is a logical idea. It is indeed possible to incinerate or transmute heavy atoms of long lived elements in fast breeder reactors or even in pressurised or boiling water reactors. There are also new types of reactors which could be used, namely accelerator driven systems. High level and long lived wastes (spent fuel and vitrified waste) contain a mixture of high activity (heat producing) short lived nuclides and low activity long lived alpha emitting nuclides. To avoid any alteration due to temperature of the engineered or geological barrier surrounding the waste underground, it is necessary to store the packages on the surface for several decades (50 years or more) to allow a sufficient temperature decrease before disposing of them underground. In all cases, surface (or shallow) storage is needed as a temporary solution. This paper gives a detailed and comprehensive view of the Deep Geological Repository, providing a pragmatic picture of the means to make this method, a universally acceptable one.

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