Academic literature on the topic 'Block acknowledgment'

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Journal articles on the topic "Block acknowledgment"

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Brown, G. M., M. G. Gouda, and R. E. Miller. "Block acknowledgment: redesigning the window protocol." IEEE Transactions on Communications 39, no. 4 (1991): 524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.81740.

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Edwards, Nicholas Jain, David Tonny Brain, Stephen Carinna Joly, and Mariana Karry Masucato. "Hadoop distributed file system mechanism for processing of large datasets across computers cluster using programming techniques." International research journal of management, IT and social sciences 6, no. 6 (2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v6n6.739.

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In this paper, we have proved that the HDFS I/O operations performance is getting increased by integrating the set associativity in the cache design and changing the pipeline topology using fully connected digraph network topology. In read operation, since there is huge number of locations (words) at cache compared to direct mapping the chances of miss ratio is very low, hence reducing the swapping of the data between main memory and cache memory. This is increasing the memory I/O operations performance. In Write operation instead of using the sequential pipeline we need to construct the fully connected graph using the data blocks listed from the NameNode metadata. In sequential pipeline, the data is getting copied to source node in the pipeline. Source node will copy the data to next data block in the pipeline. The same copy process will continue until the last data block in the pipeline. The acknowledgment process has to follow the same process from last block to source block. The time required to transfer the data to all the data blocks in the pipeline and the acknowledgment process is almost 2n times to data copy time from one data block to another data block (if the replication factor is n).
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Chen, Chen, Honghui Zhao, Tie Qiu, Ronghui Hou, and Arun Kumar Sangaiah. "A multi-station block acknowledgment scheme in dense IoT networks." Computer Communications 119 (April 2018): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2017.11.006.

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Yun, J. H. "Reliable rate adaptation for block acknowledgment in IEEE 802.11e wireless LANs." Electronics Letters 44, no. 3 (2008): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20083418.

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Ferguson, Christopher J., and Moritz Heene. "A Vast Graveyard of Undead Theories." Perspectives on Psychological Science 7, no. 6 (2012): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691612459059.

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Publication bias remains a controversial issue in psychological science. The tendency of psychological science to avoid publishing null results produces a situation that limits the replicability assumption of science, as replication cannot be meaningful without the potential acknowledgment of failed replications. We argue that the field often constructs arguments to block the publication and interpretation of null results and that null results may be further extinguished through questionable researcher practices. Given that science is dependent on the process of falsification, we argue that these problems reduce psychological science’s capability to have a proper mechanism for theory falsification, thus resulting in the promulgation of numerous “undead” theories that are ideologically popular but have little basis in fact.
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Henna, Shagufta, and Muhammad Awais Sarwar. "An Adaptive Backoff Mechanism for IEEE 802.15.4 Beacon-Enabled Wireless Body Area Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (June 26, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9782605.

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Carrier sense multiple access mechanism with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) in IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless body area networks (WBANs) may impair the transmission reliability of emergency traffic under high traffic loads, which may result in loss of high valued medical information. Majority of the recent proposals recommend an early retransmission of failed frame while ignoring the history of past failed transmissions. More importantly, these proposals do not consider the number of failed transmissions experienced by each sensor node, thereby affecting the reliability of retransmissions. In this paper, we propose a dynamic retransmission adaptive intelligent MAC (RAI-MAC) scheme. In our proposed scheme retransmission class of each sensor node is decided by the coordinator according to the number of failed transmissions of each node as observed by the coordinator during the last superframe. Based on the retransmission class received from the coordinator, each node adjusts its next backoff value. The proposed scheme increases the probability of successful frame retransmissions without incurring extra overhead. The simulation results prove that the proposed scheme based on its adaptive retransmission mechanism achieves higher average throughput and average end-to-end delay, while not compromising on energy efficiency as compared to the IEEE 802.15.4 and Block Acknowledgment (Block Ack). Moreover, our scheme appears more stable in terms of average throughput, end-to-end delay, and energy efficiency under different values of beacon order (BO) and superframe order (SO).
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Ibrahim, Muhammad K., Mahmoud H. Ismail, and M. Watheq El-Kharashi. "Novel Distributed Scheduling Algorithms for mmWave Mesh Networks." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 08 (2018): 1850118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126618501189.

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This paper addresses throughput improvement in millimeter-wave (mmWave) mesh networks via two novel distributed scheduling algorithms. The first one uses packet aggregation and block acknowledgment (ACK) that were introduced in the IEEE Std 802.11e-2005 for WiFi. Specifically, a distributed time-division multiplexing scheduling algorithm, which targets increasing the network capacity via reserving as many contiguous slots as possible for each node, is proposed thus enabling packet aggregation. This algorithm achieves its goal when the operating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is significantly high. If that is not the case, the second proposed algorithm can be used. It is a distributed one that starts initially with a random feasible schedule determined cooperatively between nodes. The algorithm then tries to reach better feasible schedules via parallel and successive local searches without violating feasibility constraints. Extensive simulations show that the first algorithm improves the network throughput by almost [Formula: see text] compared to the well-known memory-guided directional medium access control (MDMAC) due to reducing the transmission overhead. The second proposed algorithm is shown to increase the number of reserved slots by about [Formula: see text] over MDMAC. Both algorithms are shown to either increase or almost maintain the same degree of fairness among the nodes as quantified by Jain’s fairness index.
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Xu, Gang, and Liang Ma. "Resilient Self-Triggered Control for Voltage Restoration and Reactive Power Sharing in Islanded Microgrids under Denial-of-Service Attacks." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (2020): 3780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113780.

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This paper addresses the problem of voltage restoration and reactive power sharing of inverter-based distributed generations (DGs) in an islanded microgrid subject to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Note that DoS attacks may block information exchange among DGs by jamming the communication network in the secondary control level of a microgrid. A two-layer distributed secondary control framework is presented, in which a state observer employing the multiagent system (MAS)-based ternary self-triggered control is implemented for discovering the average information of voltage and reactive power in a fully distributed manner while highly reducing communication burden than that the periodic communication way. The compensation for the reference signal to the primary control is acquired according to the average estimates to achieve voltage restoration while properly sharing reactive power among DGs. An improved ternary self-triggered control strategy integrating an acknowledgment (ACK)-based monitoring mechanism is established, where DoS attacks are modeled by repeated cycles of jamming and sleeping. A new triggering condition is developed to guarantee the successful information exchange between DGs when the sleep period of DoS attacks is detected. Using the Lyapunov approach, it is proved that the proposed algorithm allows agents to reach consensus regardless of the frequency of the DoS attacks, which maintains the accurate estimation of average information and the implementation of the secondary control objectives. The performance of the proposed control scheme is evaluated under simulation and experimental conditions. The results show that the proposed secondary control scheme can highly reduce the inter-agent communication as well as improve the robustness of the system to resist DoS attacks.
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Chrysler, Susan T., Paul J. Carlson, Brad Brimley, and Eun Sug Park. "Effects of Full Matrix Color Changeable Message Signs on Legibility and Roadway Hazard Visibility." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2617, no. 1 (2017): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2617-02.

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Transportation agencies are considering public–private partnerships as they struggle to fund infrastructure and operations improvements. The national Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) allows acknowledgments of private sponsors on static signs. The legibility and visibility impacts of including logos of sponsors on changeable message signs (CMSs) were examined. Thirty drivers participated in a closed-course study during daytime and nighttime conditions. Full-sized full matrix color LED signs were used to display travel time and safety reminder messages with and without sponsor acknowledgment logos. Single- and dual-phase messages were tested. The measures of effectiveness were legibility distance for target words on the signs and roadway hazard object detection distance. Legibility distances of the CMS messages were notably greater than those of retroreflective traffic signs and well above the MUTCD threshold of 30 ft/in. During the day, the median legibility index was approximately 60 ft/in. At night, the index was approximately 45 ft/in. Sponsor logos had no significant effect on the legibility distances of travel time signs. Sponsor logos had a small effect on the legibility distance of safety message signs with a blue background but not on those with a black background. The use of sponsor logos marginally affected object detection for certain object locations. The results of this study, coupled with an earlier driving simulation evaluation showing no cognitive distraction due to logos, support the use of sponsorship acknowledgment signs on CMSs. An open road evaluation is planned before statewide implementation is enabled.
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Ming Wahl, Emma. "Black Women in Fanon's Black Skin, White Masks." Stance: an international undergraduate philosophy journal 14, no. 1 (2021): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/s.14.1.41-51.

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In this paper, I focus on the representations of Black women in contrast to Black men found within Frantz Fanon’s philosophical work Black Skin, White Masks. I propose that while Fanon’s racial dialectical work is very significant, he often lacks acknowledgment of the multidimensionality of the Black woman’s lived experience specifically. Drawing on the theory of intersectionality, coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw, I argue that Fanon does not recognize the different layers of oppression operating in Black women’s lives to the degree that he fails to include them within his framework of both liberation and resistance from racial oppression.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Block acknowledgment"

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Abdelalim, Kaoutar. "Study and optimisation of IEEE 802.11 PHY and MAC protocols towards a new generation integrated in 5G." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IMTA0163.

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L’évolution des réseaux sans fil et leur utilisation massive soulève de plus en plus de défis. Cela est particulièrement vrai pour les environnements denses pour lesquels la performance par utilisateur est un problème clé. Le standard IEEE 802.11ax a été lancé dans ce contexte, afin d’améliorer les protocoles des couches PHY(Physical) et MAC (Medium Access Control) en maintenant la rétrocompatibilité avec les standards précédents. Les travaux de cette thèse rejoignent les mêmes perspectives que le IEEE 802.11ax, à savoir l’amélioration des protocoles existants ou l’introduction de nouvelles techniques. Dans cette perspective, trois contributions principales sont proposées : premièrement, une analyse approfondie de la norme IEEE 802.11 a été élaborée, depuis sa première version en 1999 jusqu’au dernier amendement, le IEEE 802.11ax, en cours de finalisation. Deuxièmement, nous exposons une amélioration de la couche PHY à travers une nouvelle méthode d’allocation de ressources pour l’OFDMA (OFDMA pour Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) en mode accès aléatoire. Troisièmement, nous avons développé une évolution de la couche MAC avec un mode de négociation adaptatif pour la session d’acquittement par bloc (AN-BA)<br>The high growth of wireless applications brings greater challenges to wireless technologies and calls for more improvements and better efficiency. This is particularly true for dense environments for which per user performance is a key issue. IEEE 802.11ax amendment was launched in that context, to improve the physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layer protocols of Wi-Fi networks in dense environments while maintaining backward compatibility with previous standards.The works of this thesis join the same perspectives as the IEEE 802.11ax, namely the improvement of existing protocols or the proposal of new ones. To that aim, three main contributions are proposed: first, we provide a deep analysis of the IEEE 802.11 norm, from its first version in 1999 to the ongoing IEEE 802.11ax amendment. Second, we expose a PHY layer improvement with a new method for the resource allocation in orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) in random access mode. Third, we develop a MAC layer evolution with an adaptive negotiation mode for the block acknowledgement session (AN-BA)
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King, Kenya Latonya. "The Role of Ethnic Identity in Exposure, Acknowledgment and Adjustment After Rape in Black Females." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46330.

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Most current literature has ignored the impact of exposure to rape, acknowledgement of the event as such, and psychological adjustment after rape on Black women. This study examines whether the basic relationships that have been established with predominately White samples replicate in a Black female sample. Importantly, the current study also explores whether ethnic identity moderates the aforementioned relationships. Black females were recruited from two universities, one predominately White and one historically Black, to participate in a web-based survey. Participants were recruited via departmental and university listservs, university-related research posts, psychology departments, and flyers. Three hundred sixteen eligible respondents completed the survey, with data collected over a three semester period. Participants completed demographic information, measures of ethnic identity, negative sexual experiences, anxiety, depression, and social support. Those who endorsed having had an experience that met the legal definition of rape in adolescence or adulthood provided further information about the characteristics of the experience, gave a label for the unwanted sexual contact, and completed a measure of posttraumatic stress disorder. Fourteen percent of the sample reported an experience that met the legal definition of rape. Sixty-nine percent of those women were unacknowledged. Results of replication-related hypotheses regarding the relationship between exposure, acknowledgement, and adjustment yielded partial support. The data supported that exposure to rape was related to psychological adjustment. Evidence was found that victims had higher anxiety and depression symptomatology than non-victims. There were mixed findings regarding acknowledgment status and psychological adjustment. The data failed to support the hypothesis that acknowledged and unacknowledged victims significantly differ on depression, anxiety, or PTSD scores. The data did support that acknowledged women experienced more psychological distress than non-victims. There were mixed findings regarding acknowledgment status and features of the exposure. Contrary to the hypothesis and previous research, there was not evidence that unacknowledged women and acknowledged women differ in terms of relationship to the offender and level of force or resistance used during the assault. Moderation hypotheses were partially supported. Data failed to support the hypothesis that ethnic identity moderates the relationship between exposure to rape and depression, anxiety, or social support. Evidence was not found that ethnic identity moderates the relationship between acknowledgement status and social support, depression, or anxiety. There was evidence that ethnic identity moderates the relationship between acknowledgement status and PTSD symptoms. Consistent with the hypotheses, results suggest that ethnic identity is positively related to the psychological well being of Black women and may have implications for the relationship between acknowledging a rape event and PTSD symptomatology. Clinical implications, threats to internal and external validity, and future directions for research with ethnic minorities are also discussed.<br>Master of Science
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Book chapters on the topic "Block acknowledgment"

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Chen, Chun-Xiang, Yuto Izumi, and Jianfei Ai. "A multicast transmission scheme based on block acknowledgment with network coding in wireless LANs." In Electronics, Communications and Networks IV. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18592-5.

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"Acknowledgments." In Black Bodies, Black Rights. University of Texas Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7560/309223-002.

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"ACKNOWLEDGMENTS." In Black and More than Black. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpbnpkz.3.

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"Acknowledgments." In Thinking Black. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520967205-002.

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"Acknowledgments." In Black Movements. Rutgers University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36019/9780813588544-007.

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"Acknowledgments." In Black Huntington. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/j.ctvgs0cbj.4.

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"Acknowledgments." In Black Cosmopolitanism. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9780812292121.289.

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"Acknowledgments." In Black Minded. Pluto Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvxrpzt9.3.

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"Acknowledgments." In Black Legacies. University Press of Florida, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx073mg.4.

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"ACKNOWLEDGMENTS." In Black Land. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvdmwzxj.4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Block acknowledgment"

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Abdelalim, Kaoutar, Getachew Redieteab, Sandrine Destouet Roblot, and Karine Amis. "Adaptive Negotiation for Block Acknowledgment Session Management." In 2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2019.8746503.

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Friedrich, Jan, Sebastian Günther, and Christoph Lindemann. "Performance Analysis of Compressed Block Acknowledgment in IEEE 802.11ax." In the 17th ACM International Symposium. ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3345770.3356735.

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Barroca, Norberto, Luis M. Borges, Fernando J. Velez, and Periklis Chatzimisios. "Block acknowledgment in IEEE 802.15.4 by employing DSSS and CSS PHY layers." In 2014 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2014.7063524.

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Barroca, Norberto, Fernando J. Velez, and Periklis Chatzimisios. "Block acknowledgment mechanisms for the optimization of channel use in wireless sensor networks." In 2013 IEEE 24th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2013.6666391.

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Abu-Sharkh, Osama M. F., and Mohammad J. Abdelhadi. "The impact of multi-rate operation on A-MSDU, A-MPDU and block acknowledgment in greenfield IEEE802.11n wireless LANs." In 2011 Wireless Advanced (WiAd) (Formerly known as SPWC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wiad.2011.5983297.

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Djahel, S., F. Nait-Abdesselam, and A. Khokhar. "An Acknowledgment-Based Scheme to Defend Against Cooperative Black Hole Attacks in Optimized Link State Routing Protocol." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2008.524.

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Reports on the topic "Block acknowledgment"

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Adamson, B., C. Bormann, M. Handley, and J. Macker. Multicast Negative-Acknowledgment (NACK) Building Blocks. RFC Editor, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc5401.

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Adamson, B., C. Bormann, M. Handley, and J. Macker. Negative-Acknowledgment (NACK)-Oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM) Building Blocks. RFC Editor, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3941.

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