Academic literature on the topic 'Block and integral environmental indexes'

Investment activity by the enterprise requires an assessment of the investment attractiveness of the investment object. Approaches to assessment of investment attractiveness are defined. The investment attractiveness of Ukraine was analysed according to the European Business Association, Doing Business rating. The dynamics of indexes of the investment climate of Ukraine, the dynamics of the volume of capital investments (in Ukraine as a whole, by regions, by types of economic activity), foreign direct investments (in Ukraine as a whole, by sectors of the economy) were analysed. A SWOT analysis of Ukraine’s investment attractiveness was conducted. The dynamics of investment expectations, the importance of factors affecting investments are analysed. An integral method of assessing the attractiveness of investment objects has been studied. To assess the investment attractiveness of the project, it is recommended to use the project analysis approach, assessing the marketing, technical and technological, economic, financial, social,institutional, and environmental attractiveness.

Intensity of land use could be considered as an indicator of rate of anthropogenic impact on landscape (CAI) and the coefficient of ecological stability (CES). These two bio-indexes are based on the land use categories. The CAI coefficient is the ratio of the sum of percentile areas of land characterized by considerable human impact in relation to the sum of percentile areas of lands with low or none anthropogenic pressure. The CES index describes the structure of land use in one unit according to land use categories weighted by given coefficients. The calculation of the complex integral index enables to know the potential of the environment, i.e. a natural resource reserve with a structure that allows self-regulation of ecosystems and expresses the environment's resistance to bearing anthropogenic loads. The aim of the study is to analyze the historical land use changes (in the period of 1845-2016) in rural areas of Southern Poland using bio-indexes such as the anthropogenic impact on landscape (CAI) and the coefficient of ecological stability (CES). The analysis led to the conclusion about the strong dynamics of changes during this period which is largely due to the growth of the percentile areas of lands with considerable human impact especially after the historical transformation in 1989 in Poland. At the same time, the attention should be paid to the land use changes as an effect of growing suburbanization. The results of the study can be used by public authorities, citizens and governing bodies to form a system of measures to calculate environmental potential and modelling changes which ensure the environmental protection and sustainable development of rural areas.

Currently, under Alberta’s Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act and regulations, all pipelines transporting natural gas with an index of 2690 or greater require an approval (Conservation and Reclamation Approval) for the conservation and reclamation activities associated with construction and reclamation of a pipeline. Administratively, Alberta Environmental Protection considers a pipeline requiring an Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act approval as a “Class 1” pipeline. The index is a calculation of length of pipe (in kilometers) multiplied by the outside pipe diameter (in millimeters). NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. (NGTL) has developed and implemented a Conservation & Reclamation (C&R) Standard to streamline the provincial C&R Application process. By re-formatting the currently accepted C&R Application into a Standard document, textual information submitted for an individual project has been reduced, without affecting the quality of environmental planning. The Standard document compiles NGTL’s environmental standard practices and mitigative measures undertaken for all pipelines. It also explains NGTL’s decision-making processes during the design phase of a project. The project-specific document presents issue focused site-specific environmental details in a simplified format The C&R Standard in combination with the project-specific submission form the NGTL C&R Application. NGTL’s C&R Standard was developed within a concept which uses key building blocks to achieve industry accountability. This concept requires an organization to have performance measurement tools in place, and to demonstrate commitment to that performance in order to earn public confidence. Once this confidence is established and maintained, an organization can realize industry accountability. Considering this concept, NGTL leveraged past performance and experience by documenting our consistent approach to pipeline design, and our performance measurement criteria into the C&R Standard. Fundamental to the development of the Standard was NGTL’s Platform Design Concept. Initially this design concept was adopted as an integral component of NGTL’s business need to reduce and streamline internal processes. This concept was then applied to external processes in an effort to meet business needs. The Standard includes two primary components, Guiding Principles and Platforms. By combining NGTL Guiding Principles (‘What’ and ‘Why’) and NGTL Platforms (‘How’), the Concept provides a systematic design guide for all projects that allows NGTL to make the right decisions based on the right design criteria. NGTL submitted the C&R Standard document to Alberta Environmental Protection for review in July 1997 and is currently implementing the Standard for all C&R Applications. This paper describes the development of the document as well as the implementation process and experience of the Standard.

Abstract The Margarita-10 well is located in the Caipipendi block of southern Bolivia. This block accounts for 30% of the gas production for the entire country. An operator faced a unique challenge to reduce well construction costs for this well while drilling through a harsh Carboniferous formations sequence. The Carboniferous interval is extremely hard and abrasive with unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values ranging from 12,000 psi to 24,000 psi, averaging 20,000 psi with 32,000-psi peaks. This interval is a complex drilling environment consisting of interbedded, conglomeratic, hard, and abrasive lithologies that presents several drilling obstacles, such as formation heterogeneity and multiple geological uncertainties. These obstacles often impact drilling operations, including the bit's cutting structure being prematurely damaged that can cause nonproductive time typically related to the low rate of penetration (ROP) and poor drillsting dynamic behavior with severe levels of shocks; thus, multiple unwanted bottomhole assembly (BHA) trips. The operator's major objective was to reduce the high well-construction costs in this environment; hence, motivating the search for a novel drill-bit cutting structure design that would produce a step change in drilling performance. To accurately determine the environmental factors that influence bit performance, a detailed formation mapping analysis was performed using geological data from nearby wells. To comprehend the causes of previous failure modes, an engineering program for rock-strength identification was used to identify the rock types and lithology characteristics, such as rock UCS, expected formation abrasion, and impact indexes. This information was used to adjust the digital rock file and better reproduce the actual drilling conditions in the Carboniferous strata virtually to develop a suitable cutting structure, predict drillstring vibrations, and recommend optimal drilling parameters to maximize the performance of the product downhole. The operator successfully deployed the novel drill-bit cutting structure, achieving above field average results in terms of ROP and footage. The first drilling run in the Margarita-10 well drilled over 300% additional footage (compared with the offset average) at double the ROP and was pulled out of the hole (POOH) with an excellent dull condition. The drilling second run was equally successful, with 332% additional footage drilled and 45% higher ROP compared with the offset average. These results reduced the rig time by 20 days, resulting in significant well construction costs savings for the operator. Moreover, considering 2.6 kg of CO2 per liter of diesel burned daily resulted in allowing more than 600 t of CO2 emission reduction.

Abstract The Margarita-10 well is located in the Caipipendi block of southern Bolivia. This block accounts for 30% of the gas production for the entire country. An operator faced a unique challenge to reduce well construction costs for this well while drilling through a harsh Carboniferous formations sequence. The Carboniferous interval is extremely hard and abrasive with unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values ranging from 12,000 psi to 24,000 psi, averaging 20,000 psi with 32,000-psi peaks. This interval is a complex drilling environment consisting of interbedded, conglomeratic, hard, and abrasive lithologies that presents several drilling obstacles, such as formation heterogeneity and multiple geological uncertainties. These obstacles often impact drilling operations, including the bit's cutting structure being prematurely damaged that can cause nonproductive time typically related to the low rate of penetration (ROP) and poor drillsting dynamic behavior with severe levels of shocks; thus, multiple unwanted bottomhole assembly (BHA) trips. The operator's major objective was to reduce the high well-construction costs in this environment; hence, motivating the search for a novel drill-bit cutting structure design that would produce a step change in drilling performance. To accurately determine the environmental factors that influence bit performance, a detailed formation mapping analysis was performed using geological data from nearby wells. To comprehend the causes of previous failure modes, an engineering program for rock-strength identification was used to identify the rock types and lithology characteristics, such as rock UCS, expected formation abrasion, and impact indexes. This information was used to adjust the digital rock file and better reproduce the actual drilling conditions in the Carboniferous strata virtually to develop a suitable cutting structure, predict drillstring vibrations, and recommend optimal drilling parameters to maximize the performance of the product downhole. The operator successfully deployed the novel drill-bit cutting structure, achieving above field average results in terms of ROP and footage. The first drilling run in the Margarita-10 well drilled over 300% additional footage (compared with the offset average) at double the ROP and was pulled out of the hole (POOH) with an excellent dull condition. The drilling second run was equally successful, with 332% additional footage drilled and 45% higher ROP compared with the offset average. These results reduced the rig time by 20 days, resulting in significant well construction costs savings for the operator. Moreover, considering 2.6 kg of CO2 per liter of diesel burned daily resulted in allowing more than 600 t of CO2 emission reduction.

From the critical analysis of the factors and actors of the violence and the geographical, historical, social and economic antecedents of the occupation of the territory, it is intended to address the question of why the conflict persists in the Guaviare river watershed, confluence of the departments del Meta, Guaviare and Vichada, one of the regions most characterized by this phenomenon in Colombia, expressed in the substitution of violent actors, the increase in illicit crops, illegal mining and environmental damage.
 
 This, four years after signing the 2016 peace agreement and despite the fact that it established for some of these areas, especially affected by violence, specific figures of attention (Zones most affected by the conflict (ZOMAC), Development programs with territorial approach (PDET) with community participation, institutional presence and investment, to solve the causes of the conflict that had had the greatest impact there and facilitate comprehensive social development.
 
 Finally, recognizing the total incidence of the model and the legal and illegal economic actors, the expansion of the agricultural frontier and the interrelation with strategic corridors in regional dynamics, a different treatment of the conflict is proposed, focusing attention on controlling these factors; as much or more than the armed actors.
 
 Keywords Conflict, territorial control, economic model
 Thematic block: analysis and territorial project Desde el análisis crítico de los factores y actores de la violencia y los antecedentes geográficos, históricos, sociales y económicos de la ocupación del territorio, se pretende abordar la cuestión del porqué persiste el conflicto en la cuenca del río Guaviare, confluencia de los departamentos del Meta, Guaviare y Vichada, una de las regiones más caracterizadas por ese fenómeno en Colombia, expresado en la sustitución de los actores violentos, el incremento de los cultivos ilícitos, la minería ilegal y la afectación ambiental.
 Esto, cuatro años después de suscribirse el acuerdo de paz del 2016 y pese a que este estableció para algunas de estas zonas, especialmente afectadas por la violencia, figuras específicas de atención (Zonas más afectadas por el conflicto (ZOMAC) y programas de Desarrollo con enfoque territorial (PDET) con participación comunitaria, presencia institucional e inversión, para solventar las causas del conflicto que allí había tenido mayor impacto y facilitar un desarrollo social integral. 
 Finalmente, reconociendo la incidencia total del modelo y los actores económicos legales e ilegales , la ampliación de la frontera agrícola y la interrelación con los corredores estratégicos en las dinámicas regionales, se plantea un tratamiento diferente al conflicto, enfocando la atención al control de esos factores; tanto o más que a los actores armados. 
 Palabras clave Conflicto, control territorial, modelo económico 
 Bloque temático: análisis y proyecto territorial