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Journal articles on the topic 'Block sliding'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 19 February 2023

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1

Chang, Muhsiung. "A 3D slope stability analysis method assuming parallel lines of intersection and differential straining of block contacts." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, no. 4 (August 1, 2002): 799–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t02-020.

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A three-dimensional (3D) method of analysis of the stability of slopes was developed based on the sliding mechanism observed in the 1988 failure of the Kettleman Hills landfill slope (Kettleman City, California) and the associated model studies. By adopting a limit equilibrium concept, the method assumes the sliding mass as a block system in which the contacts between blocks are inclined. The lines of intersection of the block contacts are assumed to be parallel, which enables the sliding kinematics. In consideration of the differential straining between blocks, the shear stresses on the slip surface and the block contacts are evaluated based on the degree of shear strength mobilization on these contacts. The overall factor of safety is calculated based on the force equilibrium of the individual blocks and the entire block system as well. Based on comparisons with a series of hypothetical 3D and 2D problems with known solutions, the method was generally found to be accurate in predicting the stability of slopes involving a translational type of sliding failure. For rotational sliding failures in clays, however, the method appears to slightly overestimate the calculated factor of safety; up to as much as 10% in a typical problem examined in this study.Key words: slope stability, 3D method, limit equilibrium, block kinematics, strain incompatibility.

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2

Gilbert, George T. "A Sliding Block Problem." College Mathematics Journal 23, no. 4 (September 1992): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2686953.

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3

Béal, Marie-Pierre, and Olivier Carton. "Asynchronous sliding block maps." RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications 34, no. 2 (March 2000): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ita:2000111.

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4

Gilbert, George T., and Loren C. Larson. "A Sliding Block Problem." College Mathematics Journal 23, no. 4 (September 1992): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07468342.1992.11973479.

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5

Jalali, Shirin, and Tsachy Weissman. "Block and Sliding-Block Lossy Compression via MCMC." IEEE Transactions on Communications 60, no. 8 (August 2012): 2187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2012.061412.110194.

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6

Безъязычный, Вячеслав, Vyacheslav Bezyazychnyy, Александр Чукарин, Aleksandr Chukarin, Павел Чумак, Pavel Chukarin, Денис Куклин, Denis Kuklin, Александр Сутягин, and Aleksandr Sutyagin. "Sliding block vibrations when turning." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2018, no. 11 (December 8, 2018): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/article_5bd8ab4233c8d4.32366481.

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Computation dependences on the definition of vibration amplitude in machine sliding blocks of a lathe group, in particular, sliding blocks of boring lathes of VM series, feed through cutters and boring ones are defined. Vibration speeds of oscillations in the direction of coordinate axes with the aid of which one defines actually amplitudes of deformations are defined. As a result of investigations there are determined dependences to obtain amplitudes of deformations, mean-square values of oscillation speeds affecting errors at parts machining on boring lathes.

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7

Ashley, J. J., R. Karabed, and P. H. Siegel. "Complexity and sliding-block decodability." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 42, no. 6 (1996): 1925–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.556685.

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8

Sato, Noboru, Toshikazu Sawamatsu, Takehiko Nitta, Hiroaki Miyatake, and Kazuhito Kondo. "Seismic behaviour of a large-scale concrete-block retaining wall." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 16007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199216007.

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In this study, an inclined model experiment and finite element analyses were conducted to evaluate the failure mode and seismic response of a dry-type large-scale concrete-block retaining wall (LCBW). In the experiment, the objective was to reproduce the sliding between concrete blocks that was observed in past cases LCBW damage in order to characterise the behaviour until failure. A numerical simulation corresponding to the experimental conditions was conducted by the finite element method (FEM). Dynamic analyses were also performed by FEM to investigate the seismic response of the concrete blocks under various ground conditions. The experimental results revealed that slip between the concrete blocks caused brittle failure of the LCBW. In the FEM simulation, the joint elements reproduced the experimentally observed sliding between the concrete blocks. A dynamic simulation of the full-scale model revealed that significant sliding and rocking of the concrete block occur in a dry-type LCBW. These findings indicate that stress concentration may occur at the heels of the concrete blocks during an earthquake.

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9

Zheng, Yinhe, Lu Xia, and Qingchun Yu. "Analysis of removability and stability of rock blocks by considering the rock bridge effect." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 3 (March 2016): 384–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0503.

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In traditional block theory, the removability and stability of rock blocks are analyzed independently; that is, the stability of a removable block is analyzed in detail, and nonremovable blocks are regarded as stable. However, in practical situations, nonremovable blocks may pose more danger than removable blocks. This paper presents a unified method for analyzing the removability and stability of rock blocks. In this method, the cracking of rock bridges is considered and nonremovable blocks are not assumed to be stable. First, possible cracking rock bridges are identified by extending finite-sized fractures and comparing the boundary surfaces of the resulting blocks with those of the original blocks. Then, the sliding direction associated with each possible moving block is determined by solving an optimization problem. The normal force acting on each sliding surface is determined, and the resisting force on each rock bridge is calculated and integrated into the total resisting force when calculating the safety factor of a possible moving block. Procedures to determine all possible moving blocks are introduced, and the possible moving block with the minimum safety factor is regarded as the actual moving block. The corresponding minimum safety factor is defined as the actual safety factor of the block. The proposed method is verified by considering a few examples. The results show that nonremovable blocks may be unstable if the cracking of rock bridges is considered.

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10

Zhang, Ying Hui, Bin Yang, Jing Qin, and Hong Bo Sui. "Sliding Wear of Cu-Ag Alloy in Cu Cladding Al Contact Wire." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 1924–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.1924.

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The sliding wear behavior of Cu-Ag alloy in Cu cladding Al contact wire against 45# steel or bronze block was tested, then surface morphology was investigated in different load and velocity. The results indicated that the worn surface had plastic deformation and many clear furrows and cutting traces along the sliding direction. There were black oxide of copper on the worn surface. The oxide was both abrasive and lubrication. The mechanisms transformed from abrasive attrition into adhesive wear. Spalling pits and adhesive blocks with bronze friction were significantly bigger than that of steel, and the mechanisms was adhesive wear.

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11

WANG, SHUHONG, and PENGPENG NI. "APPLICATION OF BLOCK THEORY MODELING ON SPATIAL BLOCK TOPOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION TO ROCK SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS." International Journal of Computational Methods 11, no. 01 (September 2, 2013): 1350044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876213500448.

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Rock slopes stability has been one of the fundamental issues facing geotechnical engineering researchers. Due to the pre-existing joints, the intactness of the rock is weakened. The mechanical characteristics are changed correspondingly along with joint-induced stress redistribution within the rock mass if the sliding limit at the joint or part of it is exceeded. In this study, spatial block topological identification techniques are applied to distinguish all blocks cut by 3D finite random or fixed discontinuities. Based on the available photographic information of rock slopes, the sliding forces and the corresponding factor of safety are evaluated through limit equilibrium conditions by the classic block theory. The rock slope stability analysis software, GeoSMA-3D (Geotechnical Structure and Model Analysis), satisfying the requirements of spatial block modeling, joint plane simulation, key block identification and analysis and sliding process display, was developed. The application of such a software on the analysis of a rock slope, which is located near the inlet of Daiyuling No. 1 tunnel on the Zhuanghe–Gaizhou highway networks, was performed. The assessed results were compared with the monitored data to validate the effectiveness of such software.

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12

Liu, Yao Ru, Bo Li, Kuang Dai Leng, and Yue Qun Huang. "Limit Equilibrium Analysis of Sliding Block Stability under Earthquake." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 4528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.4528.

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Time history analysis is performed on geotechnical engineering structures under earthquake actions using 3D nonlinear FEM. The distribution of internal force on slide surfaces has been interpolated from the stress field of FEM with 3D Multi-grid Method. The safety factor with time history of sliding block can be obtained by limit equilibrium analysis and its dynamic stability can be evaluated. For blocks sliced by single slide surface and wedge-shaped double slide surfaces, general formulas of safety factor are given and their applicability have been analyzed. Analysis and evaluation of slide block aseismic stability are performed on high slope on the right bank of Dagangshan arch dam.

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13

Ashley, J. "Sliding block codes between constrained systems." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 39, no. 4 (July 1993): 1303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.243447.

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14

Ashley, Jonathan, Brian Marcus, Dominique Perrin, and Selim Tuncel. "Surjective Extensions of Sliding-Block Codes." SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 6, no. 4 (November 1993): 582–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/0406046.

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15

Ashley, Jonathan, and Brian Marcus. "Canonical Encoders for Sliding Block Decoders." SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 8, no. 4 (November 1995): 555–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s0895480193244310.

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16

Turuntaev, Sergey B., and Vasily Y. Riga. "Non-linear effects of pore pressure increase on seismic event generation in a multi-degree-of-freedom rate-and-state model of tectonic fault sliding." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 24, no. 2 (May 22, 2017): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-215-2017.

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Abstract. The influence of fluid injection on tectonic fault sliding and seismic event generations was studied by a multi-degree-of-freedom rate-and-state friction model with a two-parametric friction law. A system of blocks (up to 25 blocks) elastically connected to each other and connected by elastic springs to a constant-velocity moving driver was considered. Variation of the pore pressure due to fluid injection led to variation of effective stress between the first block and the substrate. Initially the block system was in a steady-sliding state; then, its state was changed by the pore pressure increase. The influence of the model parameters (number of blocks, spring stiffness, velocity weakening parameter) on the seismicity variations was considered. Various slip patterns were obtained and analysed.

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17

de Lima, A. R., C. Moukarzel, and T. J. P. Penna. "Sliding Blocks Revisited: A Simulational Study." International Journal of Modern Physics C 09, no. 06 (September 1998): 875–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183198000820.

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A computational study of sliding blocks on inclined surfaces is presented. Assuming that the friction coefficient μ is a function of position, the probability P(λ) for the block to slide down over a length λ is numerically calculated. Our results are consistent with recent experimental data suggesting a power-law distribution of events over a wide range of displacements when the chute angle is close to the critical one, and suggest that the variation of μ along the surface is responsible for this.

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18

Loukianov, Alexander G. "Robust block decomposition sliding mode control design." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 8, no. 4-5 (2002): 349–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10241230306732.

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The paper examines the problem of sliding mode manifold design for uncertain nonlinear system with discontinuous control. The original plant first is decomposed such that the problem is divided into a number of simpler sub-problems. Then the block control recursive procedure is presented in which nonlinear sliding manifold is derived. Finally combined high gain and Lyapunov functions techniques are applied to establish hierarchy of the control gains and to estimate the upper bounds of the sliding mode equation solutions.

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19

Zhu, Feng, Yingkun Hou, and Jingyu Yang. "Block-Matching Based Multifocus Image Fusion." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/405919.

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A new multifocus image fusion method is proposed. Two image blocks are selected by sliding the window from the two source images at the same position, discrete cosine transform (DCT) is implemented, respectively, on these two blocks, and the alternating component (AC) energy of these blocks is then calculated to decide which is the well-focused one. In addition, block matching is used to determine a group of image blocks that are all similar to the well-focused reference block. Finally, all the blocks are returned to their original positions through weighted average. The weight is decided with the AC energy of the well-focused block. Experimental results demonstrate that, unlike other spatial methods, the proposed method effectively avoids block artifacts. The proposed method also significantly improves the objective evaluation results, which are obtained by some transform domain methods.

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20

Linke, Tim, Klaus Wiese, Matthias Wangenheim, Burkhard Wies, and Jörg Wallaschek. "Investigation of Snow Milling Mechanics to Optimize Winter Tire Traction." Tire Science and Technology 45, no. 3 (July 1, 2017): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.17.450302.

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ABSTRACT A detailed understanding of effects occurring in the contact patch between tire tread and snow surface is needed to maximize tire grip in winter conditions. The main focus of this study is quantifying the snow milling effects of individual tire tread block elements during sliding. Tests are carried out using the high-speed linear friction tester (HiLiTe), located at the Institute of Dynamics and Vibration Research at Leibniz University of Hannover, Germany. Test tracks are prepared using artificially produced snow. To solely investigate snow milling effects and exclude material properties of rubber, in a first instance the tread block samples are made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Because PTFE is at the same time rigid and hydrophobic, known friction mechanisms such as adhesion and hysteresis can be neglected, leaving only the tread pattern milling mechanics to transmit frictional forces to the snow track. The PTFE samples are shaped in such a way that they mimic the geometry of different siped rubber tread blocks under load, varying the sipes' number, shape, and tilt angle. Results show the benefit of multiple sipes and give information on the evolution of transmittable forces with respect to sliding distance. It is found that the block element shape and tilt angle are directly linked to the frictional force, showing a distinct optimum for specific angle and shape combinations. In addition, forces are not depending on sliding speed, but on sliding distance. The snow milling results of PTFE block elements are then compared to siped rubber block samples. Corresponding high-speed videos show that PTFE sample snow milling mechanics can be directly applied to rubber samples.

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21

Cai, Z., and R. J. Bathurst. "Seismic-induced permanent displacement of geosynthetic-reinforced segmental retaining walls." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 33, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 937–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t96-123.

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This paper describes the application of conventional displacement methods to estimate seismic-induced permanent displacements of geosynthetic-reinforced segmental retaining walls constructed on firm foundations. Permanent displacements associated with three sliding mechanisms are investigated: (1) external sliding along the base of the total wall structure; (2) internal sliding along a reinforcement layer and through the facing column; and (3) block interface shear between facing column units. A pseudostatic method based on the Mononobe-Okabe earth pressure theory is used to determine the value of critical acceleration associated with each potential failure mechanism. Newmark's sliding block displacement method and a number of emperical methods are briefly summarized and can be used to estimate the permanent displacements of segmental retaining walls. An example is given to illustrate the application of the methods presented. Key words: segmental retaining walls, geosynthetics, seismic, Newmark, sliding block, displacement methods.

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22

Milovanovic, Zdravko, Svetlana Dumonjic-Milovanovic, Aleksandar Milasinovic, and Darko Knezevic. "Efficiency of operation of 300 MW condensing thermal power blocks with supercritical steam parameters in sliding pressure mode." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 5 (2018): 1371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci18s5371m.

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The previous research of the application of sliding pressure has shown certain advantages in the operation of high-power condensing blocks with supercritical steam parameters in sliding pressure mode in comparison to the one with constant pressure. The maintenance of stable temperature regime and thermal expansion of turbine elements, prolongation of service life of materials of steam pipes and heating surfaces of the boiler due to the decrease in pressure of the working medium are only some of those advantages. On the other hand, the operation mode of a condensing block with sliding pressure is characterized by the change in cost-effectiveness. The result of this change is mainly due to the de-crease of steam throttling in the turbine's balancing valves and the increase of its internal action in a high pressure turbine, then also due to reduced steam consumption of the feed turbo pump just like a drop in the feed water pressure at the steam boiler inlet. A model has been developed within the framework of this study that follows such changes and their graphical interpretation is provided. The analysis results show that switching 300 MW blocks from the constant to the sliding pressure regime in the 30-60% load range increases the block efficiency respectively by 6.70-1.05%.

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23

Lee, Kuo Chen, Rolando P. Orense, and Fu Shu Jeng. "Dynamic frictional behaviour of synthetic sandstone under low normal stress and seismic excitation." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 45, no. 2 (June 30, 2012): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.45.2.71-76.

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Both New Zealand and Taiwan are located in the Pacific ring of fire, the most active seismic zone in the world, and therefore slope failures triggered by seismic excitation are frequent and they sometimes could cost severe damage to life and property. Earthquake induced slope failure, especially rock-block sliding failure, is usually analysed using friction coefficient measured at the sliding-interface. A tilt test is a convenient test for measuring the required values under static condition, but the applicability of measured results to analyse block sliding under dynamic condition requires further investigation. In this paper, a series of static tilt test and dynamic shaking table test were performed to simulate block sliding with base excitation. The results were compared in terms of measured sliding thresholds, and the causes of the differences were discussed. Tests on synthetic sandstone showed that friction coefficients measured by tilt tests were always larger than the ones derived by shaking table tests. Furthermore, sliding thresholds increased with increasing shaking frequency, suggesting that the sliding threshold is non-constant under excitation. In addition, the sliding threshold is lower at higher contact stresses on the sliding surface, showing that the sliding threshold varies with normal stress. This study identified the limitations of the tilt test when applied to dynamic problems, and recommended that realistic sliding threshold can only be obtained using dynamic tests, such as shaking table tests.

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24

Yin, Bi Feng, Jiang Guang He, Yi Xu, and Yong Qiang Li. "The Novel Design of Full-Balancing Mechanism for Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 1520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.1520.

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One new sliding-block balancing mechanism is proposed for the single-cylinder diesel engine. In the new mechanism, the sliding block is installed against the engine piston. The reciprocation trajectory of sliding block is collinear with the piston trajectory, while sliding block and piston move in the opposite direction, just like two opposite crank connecting rods. The new mechanism includes the crankshaft, connecting rod ring, the slider and the guide components. Through the bearing, connecting rod is installed in the eccentric journal of the crankshaft. The circular connecting rod is in the accurate guiding surface of the slider; and the guide pins are in the guide groove. Guide rod connects with supporting shaft through the guide hole of the slide. The optimized parameters for the sliding block show that the ratio of eccentric distance of the eccentric journal to the length of the connecting rod is equal to the ratio of crank radius to connecting rod length. The appropriate results can balance both the centrifugal inertia force and the reciprocating inertia force generated by piston group. Even the complete balance of the first and second-order reciprocating inertia forces can be obtained, which can reduce the vibration and noise of diesel engine.

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25

Conte, Enrico, and Giovanni Dente. "An Analytical Solution for Newmark’s Sliding Block." Soils and Foundations 29, no. 3 (September 1989): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.29.3_152.

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26

Fan, J. L., B. H. Marcus, and R. M. Roth. "Lossless sliding-block compression of constrained systems." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 46, no. 2 (March 2000): 624–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.825829.

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27

Karabed, R., and B. H. Marcus. "Sliding-block coding for input-restricted channels." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 34, no. 1 (1988): 2–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.2597.

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28

Kamabe, H. "Minimum scope for sliding block decoder mappings." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 35, no. 6 (1989): 1335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.45296.

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29

Leung, C. F., and K. W. Lo. "Stability analysis of multiple-block sliding surfaces." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 30, no. 7 (December 1993): 1579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(93)90160-f.

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30

Voyagaki, Elia, George Mylonakis, and Ioannis N. Psycharis. "Rigid Block Sliding to Idealized Acceleration Pulses." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 138, no. 9 (September 2012): 1071–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0000418.

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31

Ripka, S., G. Gäbel, and M. Wangenheim. "Dynamics of a Siped Tire Tread Block—Experiment and Simulation3." Tire Science and Technology 37, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 323–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.3148296.

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Abstract Within the contact zone between tire and road all normal and tangential forces have to be transmitted. The tread block is the only tire component which is in direct contact to the pavement and therefore of special interest. The rolling process of a tire can be seen as a chronology of single contact events between tread block and road surface, whereas the contact situation in detail is usually unknown. The surface texture of the pavement comprises a large range of surface wavelengths which leads to a small area of real contact and to complex contact conditions. Under braking and acceleration procedures sliding friction occurs within the footprint especially at the trailing area of the contact zone. The tangential forces strongly depend on the contact conditions, e.g., surface texture, sliding velocity, normal contact pressure, temperature, tread block geometry, and existence of a lubrication film. An intermediate layer not only simply lowers the friction coefficient but also the whole contact situation changes. This effect is considerably existent for siped tire tread blocks which react in a different manner compared to nonsiped tread blocks. Within this publication the dynamics of siped tread blocks in contact are analyzed and a mechanical model will be presented to explain the observed phenomena. The simulation results are verified by experiments.

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32

Yang, Huaidong, and Itzhak Green. "An elastoplastic finite element study of cylindrical plane-strain contact for steel/steel and Inconel 617/Incoloy 800H undergoing unidirectional sliding." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 234, no. 1 (June 14, 2019): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650119855594.

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The current work employs a two-dimensional plane strain finite element analysis to investigate the unidirectional sliding contact between a deformable half-cylinder and a deformable flat block. The unidirectional sliding is governed by a displacement-controlled action where the materials of the two contacting bodies are first set to identical steels at 20 ℃ and then to Inconel 617 and Incoloy 800H at 800 ℃. First, a normal interference (indentation) is applied, which is followed by unidirectional sliding. The von Mises stress distribution, plastic strain distribution, junction growth, normal force, tangential force, effective coefficient of friction, and scars on the surface of the block are obtained during the sliding motion. The leading edge of the contacting area and the bulk material under the leading edge experience large von Mises stresses. The large plastic strain is found on the surface of the block, and forms a “pocket” shape under the surface. The junction growth is also investigated, showing the direction of the growth is in the same direction of the tangential force that the weaker material experiences. The forces and the effective coefficient of friction are found to stabilize after a certain sliding distance, and the effective coefficient of friction converges to the coefficient of friction used in the model. Pileup is found on the surface of the block after a sufficient unidirectional sliding distance.

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33

Utkin, Vadim I., De-Shiou Chen, and Hao-Chi Chang. "Block Control Principle for Mechanical Systems." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 122, no. 1 (November 2, 1998): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.482422.

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In this paper, a generalized design procedure for sliding mode control of nonlinear mechanical systems is proposed. The design approach combines the essential idea of the block control principle, utilizing some of the components of the state vector as a virtual control, with the basic concept of zero dynamics. For mechanical systems governed by a set of interconnected second-order equations, the block control principle cannot be directly applied. To facilitate the controller design, we assume that control systems can be transformed into a regular form consisting of second-order equations. The proposed design approach consists of reducing the original plant into the regular form, constructing a switching manifold, and enforcing sliding mode in the manifold such that the reduced order system in sliding mode has desired dynamics. Stabilization of the mechanical system with unstable zero dynamics is taken into consideration. It is shown that the approach has the advantage of decomposing the original problem into subproblems of lower dimensions, and each of them can be handled independently. As an example, control of a rotational inverted pendulum system is examined. The performance of the proposed approach is validated by both numerical and experimental results. [S0022-0434(00)01601-4]

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34

Rathje, Ellen M., and Jonathan D. Bray. "An examination of simplified earthquake-induced displacement procedures for earth structures." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 36, no. 1 (August 8, 1999): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t98-076.

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A critical examination of the procedures commonly used to estimate earthquake-induced sliding displacements of earth structures is essential due to their widespread use and application to new types of systems such as solid-waste landfills. Rigid sliding block analyses are performed, along with decoupled and fully coupled deformable sliding block analyses using a distributed mass model with a mode shape appropriate for an earth structure. Results from using several earthquake ground motions and a sinusoidal input indicate that a decoupled analysis does not always provide a conservative estimate of sliding displacement. Conservative decoupled displacements are calculated for lower values of yield acceleration (i.e., ky/kmax < 0.6) when the fundamental period of the sliding mass is less than twice the mean period of the input ground motion. For systems with larger values of ky/kmax or large fundamental periods, a decoupled analysis may predict smaller displacements than a fully coupled analysis. However, in these cases, the displacements calculated from both analyses are generally small (i.e., less than a few centimetres). A decoupled analysis generally provides an estimate of the coupled sliding displacement within a factor of three, which is conservative, except for particular cases where caution is warranted. A rigid sliding block analysis can be significantly unconservative, and it should not be used.Key words: computation, decoupled, displacements, embankments, seismic performance, seismic response, soil dynamics, solid-waste landfills.

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35

Feltstrom, Alberto JimÉnez, Dmitri Truhachev, Michael Lentmaier, and Kamil Sh Zigangirov. "Braided Block Codes." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 55, no. 6 (June 2009): 2640–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2009.2018350.

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A new class of binary iteratively decodable codes with good decoding performance is presented. These codes, called braided block codes (BBCs), operate on continuous data streams and are constructed by interconnection of two component block codes. BBCs can be considered as convolutional (or sliding) version of either Elias' product codes or expander codes. In this paper, we define BBCs, describe methods of their construction, analyze code properties, and study asymptotic iterative decoding performance.

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36

Hess, D. P., and A. Soom. "Normal and Angular Motions at Rough Planar Contacts During Sliding With Friction." Journal of Tribology 114, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920919.

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The planar dynamics of a rough block in nominally stationary or sliding contact with a counter-surface is studied in this work. Starting with the Greenwood-Williamson model of a rough surface, the analysis of elastic contact deflections is extended to accommodate angular as well as normal motions. The real area of contact and the normal contact force are obtained in terms of the relative approach and orientation of the surfaces. It is shown that angular and normal motions at frictional contacts are generally coupled. The contact area and normal contact force are shown to be nonlinearly related to the normal and angular motions. However, the contact area remains proportional to the normal load, even in the presence of angular motions. When the friction force is assumed to be proportional to the real area of contact, the coefficient of sliding friction will be unchanged by small relative rotations between the sliding bodies. Based on this contact and friction model, the nonlinear equations of motion that describe the planar contact vibrations of a sliding block can be written directly. Although a detailed analysis of the stability and response characteristics of these nonlinear equations is beyond the scope of the present work, a limited comparison of calculations and measurements taken on both stationary and sliding blocks indicate that the small amplitude contact vibrations are reasonably well captured by the model developed in this work.

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37

Marshek, K. M., and H. H. Chen. "Discretization Pressure-Wear Theory for Bodies in Sliding Contact." Journal of Tribology 111, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261885.

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A theory is presented for studying contact pressure and wear distributions for bodies in sliding contact. This theory can be used in designing machine elements for improved wear resistance and failure prediction. A point force-displacement influence function and a profile function are employed in conjunction with a discretization method, an automatic mesh generation technique and a discretized wear equation to determine the instantaneous contact pressure distribution and the corresponding worn surface profile for a given sliding distance. The theory is implemented in a computer program and is applied to a simple unlubricated sliding contact and adhesive wear problem. The results show that a higher pressure will exist at the leading edge of the sliding block and thus there results a higher wear at the leading edge of the sliding block than the trailing edge. This study also shows the sliding contact wear of a copper sphere on a steel plane. As expected, instantaneous contact radius increases as the sliding contact continues (for the same normal load) and therefore results in a smaller pressure within the contact region.

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38

Hou, Zheng-jun, Bao-quan Yang, Lin Zhang, Yuan Chen, and Geng-xin Yang. "Comprehensive Method to Test the Stability of High Bedding Rock Slop Subjected to Atomized Rain." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (February 25, 2020): 1577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051577.

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In the construction of high dams, many high rock slope failures occur due to flood discharge atomized rain. Based on the steel frame lifting technique and strength reduction materials, a comprehensive method is proposed in this paper to study the stability of high bedding rock slope subjected to atomized rain. The safety factor expression of the comprehensive method and the evaluation method for deformation instability were established according to the similarity theory of geomechanical model, failure criterion, and mutation theory. Strength reduction materials were developed to simulate the strength reduction of structural planes caused by rainfall infiltration. A typical test was carried out on the high bedding rock slope in the Baihetan Hydropower Station. The results showed that the failure modes of the bedding rock slope were of two types: sliding–fracturing and fracturing–sliding. The first slip block at the exposed place of the structural plane was sliding–fracturing. Other succeeding slip blocks were mainly of the fracturing–sliding type due to the blocking effect of the first slip block. The failure sequence of the slip blocks along the structural planes was graded into multiple levels. The slip blocks along the upper structural planes were formed first. Concrete plugs had effective reinforcement to improve the shear resistance of the structural planes and inhibit rock dislocation. Finite element method (FEM) simulation was also performed to simulate the whole process of slope failure. The FEM simulation results agreed well with the test results. This research provides an improved understanding of the physical behavior and the failure modes of high bedding rock slopes subjected to atomized rain.

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39

Mania, A. J., A. W. Mol, and C. S. S. Brandão. "Sliding Block on a Semicircular Track with Friction." Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física 24, no. 3 (September 2002): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-11172002000300009.

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This work presents the dynamics of a block as it slides down a semicircular track with both Coulomb's and viscous frictions. Analytical solutions and graphic forms of the equations for the velocity, acceleration and energy as functions of angular position are displayed and discussed for several friction coefficients. Following these solutions the plots as function of time for these damped motions are also presented.

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40

Stamatopoulos, Constantine A., Eleni G. Velgaki, and Sarada K. Sarma. "Sliding-Block Back Analysis of Earthquake-Induced Slides." Soils and Foundations 40, no. 6 (December 2000): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/sandf.40.6_61.

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41

Luk'yanov, Alexander G., and Stephen J. Dodds. "Sliding Mode Block Control of Uncertain Nonlinear Plants." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 29, no. 1 (June 1996): 2639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)58073-8.

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42

Carpentieri, Bruno. "Block matching displacement estimation: a sliding window approach." Information Sciences 135, no. 1-2 (June 2001): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-0255(01)00102-5.

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43

Johansen, A., P. Dimon, and C. Ellegaard. "Dynamics of sliding in a spring-block experiment." Wear 172, no. 1 (February 1994): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(94)90304-2.

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44

Mousavian, Elham, and Claudia Casapulla. "Structurally informed design of interlocking block assemblages using limit analysis." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 7, no. 4 (April 16, 2020): 448–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwaa038.

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Abstract This paper presents a computational framework to design assemblages of interlocking blocks and to analyze their structural feasibility. The core of this framework is an extension of limit analysis to corrugated interfaces with orthotropic sliding behavior. Such block interfaces are made of a number of locks (i.e. projections on the corrugated faces, locking the blocks together) with rectangular cross section. The sliding resistance at the block interfaces is governed by the shear resistance of the locks and Coulomb’s friction law, normal to and along the locks, respectively. This resistance is assumed as a function of different interface geometric parameters and the stress state on an interface is represented by using a number of contact points distributed over the lock centerlines. The abstraction model has been validated through the comparison of the torsion–shear behavior of an interface obtained by the proposed model and experimental tests reported in the literature. The extended limit analysis has been implemented to model single-layer shells. When the model is infeasible, the geometry of the overall shell, blocks, and interlocking interfaces can be adjusted by the designer to make the model structurally feasible. The performance of the framework is presented through several examples, which demonstrate the relationships between the geometry of the interlocking interfaces and the stability of the assemblages.

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Bai, Yu Zhu, Xi Wei Xu, and Jie Xu. "The Effect of Two Fault Segments Sliding Velocity on Strong Earthquakes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (July 2011): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.37.

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For researching the strong earthquake recurrence period of Kusai Lake and Xidatan fault segment in different sliding velocities, we apply the spring-block model (or BK model) controlled by the velocity and state depended frictional constitutive. Through numerically solving the one order differential equations picturing the block (or fault segment) motion, the parameter charactering the fault segment motion is achieved. Finally, we find the recurrence period of strong earthquake is shorter in fast sliding velocity than that in slow one. The 0.1 mm changing of fault segment sliding velocity per year will make the several hundreds years of variation in strong earthquake recurrence period.

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Mitkovic, Milan, Miodrag Manic, Dusan Petkovic, Sasa Milenkovic, and Milorad Mitkovic. "Sila koja pokrece dinamizaciju klinova samodinamizirajuceg unutrasnjeg trohanternog fiksatora po Mitkovicu (SIF)." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 60, no. 2 (2013): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci1302087m.

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Dynamic trochanteric fractures implants allow fracture fragments to be compressed. Dynamisation can be realized if the axial pin force overcome friction force between pin and body of the implant. Examination of sliding iniciation forces in Mitkovic Selfdinamysible Trochanteric Internal Fixator (SIF). SIF was attached for angle block in the position with vertical orientation of pins. The transversal load of 5 kg was connected to pins by a rope. A dynamometer was used to measure force during the movement of angle block in up direction. Regression coefficients were a1=4,052 i b1=0,623 for SIF with 2 sliding screws with diameter of 7mm and a2=4,534 i b2=0,422 for SIF with 1 screw with diameter of 10 mm. Coefficients of determination were: r12=0,470 and r22=0,123. Sliding of SIF pins can be achieved for each analysed body weight of patient (50-130 kg). Early bearing of operated leg is significant for sliding initiation of SIF sliding screws.

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Zhang, Hong Feng, and Shi Bang Ma. "Study on the Structure Improvement of Slanted-Guide-Pillar Core-Pulling Mechanism in Die-Casting Die." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 658–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.658.

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The slanted-guide-pillar core-pulling mechanism is the most commonly used side core-pulling mechanism in die-casting die. But when filling the die with pressure, aluminum leak frequently happens between lower motion-stopping surface of sliding block and side surface of moving die insert, since the clearance is bigger between side core and core hole. In many improved approaches, changing the lower motion-stopping surface of sliding block into upper motion-stopping surface of it or reducing the lower motion-stopping surface area is the simplest and reliable measure. The sliding block’s setback which occurs in die-casting process can be eliminated effectively and the workload of maintaining die can be reduced by this measure.

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Yune, Young Gill, and M. D. Bryant. "Thermal Evolution of Hot Spots in Thermally Nonlinear Carbon Graphite Sliders." Journal of Tribology 111, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261982.

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Frictional heating of a thermal mound (or hot spot) present on the interface between a carbon graphite block sliding against a fast moving conductor is simulated. Heating of this mound due to frictional power dissipation is modeled as a collection of internal heat sources uniformly distributed within a very shallow volume (or layer) located directly beneath the sliding contact interface. The thermal mound, assumed to be motionless on and originating from the carbon graphite block, possesses the extreme temperature dependent thermal conductivity and heat capacity common to carbon graphite materials. Evolution of thermal mound temperatures from cold to hot is studied as a function of the intensity of the internal heat source distribution and the thickness of the heat source layer. For a fast moving conducting body sliding against the graphite block, it is shown that (a) an optimal heat source layer thickness exists, whereby temperatures maximize for this thickness and (b) for a sufficiently high heat source intensity, thermal instability of the mound is possible.

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49

Zhang, Zhi Li, Hong Xiang Zhai, Zhen Ying Huang, Yang Zhou, and Shi Bo Li. "Self-Lubricant Effect of Tri-Oxidizing Layer in Surface of Bulk Ti₃SiC₂ Materials." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 1259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.1259.

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In this paper, tribological tests for Ti3SiC2 sliding against low carbon steel were made on a block-on-disc type friction tester, with the normal pressures from 0.1 to 0.8 MPa and the sliding speed of 30 to 50 m/s. The surface state was observed and analyzed by SEM and XRD. A definite tribo-glazing layer was found over the worn surface of the Ti3SiC2 block, which seems to be primary reason for Ti3SiC2 to have comparatively lower friction coefficient and wear rate, because the tribo-glazing layer would be fusible under high frictional temperature. The tribo-glazing layer was the results of tribo-chemical oxidation reaction and the cause forming it could be the high frictional temperature and the mechanical catabolism in the surface of Ti3SiC2 during sliding friction. Due to the tribo-oxidation reaction is un-reversible and self-adaptive, the tribo-glazing layer in area and thickness are function of normal pressures and sliding speed.

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Li, Zhihua, Ke Yang, Xinzhu Hua, Cheng Liu, Peng Zhou, and Shengwen Ge. "Mechanism and Control of Water–Rock Coupling-Induced Disaster when Mining below the Unconsolidated Confined Aquifer." Geofluids 2023 (January 24, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6485987.

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Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation were conducted to study the disaster-causing mechanism of structural instability of the overlying strata induced by water–rock coupling and effectively prevent and control the powered support jammed accident during mining below the unconsolidated confined aquifer. The influencing factors on the stability of the overlying strata structure were analyzed, and the numerical simulation method of unconsolidated confined aquifer was designed. The disaster-causing mechanism and the evolution process of the stress–displacement–crack field of the overlying strata induced by water–rock coupling were discovered. Meanwhile, the prevention measures for the structural instability of the overlying strata were proposed and verified in some engineering practice. Results show that the stability of the overlying strata structure reduces with the increase in hydraulic pressure, the breaking interval of the main roof, and the decrease in the overlying strata strength and waterproof coal pillar height. The overlying strata structure keeps a stable equilibrium state before the fracture planes through a whole waterproof coal–rock pillar. When the hydraulic pressure is small or the bedrock surface is a thick topsoil layer, the sliding block is in a state of limit equilibrium for the decrease of pressure on the sliding block while the fracture planes through a whole waterproof coal–rock pillar because of the action of unloading during an overlying strata movement. When the hydraulic pressure is high, the pressure on the sliding block remains constant at about hydraulic pressure, and the intact shear fall of the sliding block occurs as a result of the hydraulic pressure of the confined aquifer and the weight of the sliding block, which may result in a powered support jammed accident. However, this type of accident can be prevented by drainage for decreasing hydraulic pressure, presplitting blasting of the hard main roof, overlying strata grouting reinforcement, and increasing the height of the waterproof coal–rock pillar.

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