Relevant bibliographies by topics / Block Statistics

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Block Statistics'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Block Statistics"

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Zhang, Lei, Guo Qiang Lv, Fen Liu, and Xi Tiao Zhang. "Multi-Block Gray Statistics Local Dimming Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.503.

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Multi-block gray statistics local dimming algorithm is proposed to automatically control the brightness of the backlight for reducing energy consumption and enhancing the image quality. The large blocks are used to determine the value of backlight matrix and small blocks are to determine the image block brightness. With the use of BMA (Blur-mask approach) to blur the backlight brightness matrix and compensate LCD control signal, local dimming function is realized.The simulation results show that: for pictures, the average backlight power consumption is decreased markedly by 19.9% and the contrast ratio is increased by 53%.
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Kunert, Joachim. "Optimality of block designs with variable block sizes and random block effects." Metrika 41, no. 1 (December 1994): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01895306.

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Amarioarei, Alexandru, and Cristian Preda. "One Dimensional Discrete Scan Statistics for Dependent Models and Some Related Problems." Mathematics 8, no. 4 (April 13, 2020): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8040576.

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The one dimensional discrete scan statistic is considered over sequences of random variables generated by block factor dependence models. Viewed as a maximum of an 1-dependent stationary sequence, the scan statistics distribution is approximated with accuracy and sharp bounds are provided. The longest increasing run statistics is related to the scan statistics and its distribution is studied. The moving average process is a particular case of block factor and the distribution of the associated scan statistics is approximated. Numerical results are presented.
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Iglesias, Emma M. "The Block-Block Bootstrap for Time Series." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 42, no. 14 (June 3, 2013): 2584–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2011.611605.

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Foldnes, Njål, and Steffen Grønneberg. "Approximating Test Statistics Using Eigenvalue Block Averaging." Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 25, no. 1 (October 20, 2017): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2017.1373021.

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Lahiri, S. N. "ON THE JACKKNIFE-AFTER-BOOTSTRAP METHOD FOR DEPENDENT DATA AND ITS CONSISTENCY PROPERTIES." Econometric Theory 18, no. 1 (February 2002): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466602181059.

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Motivated by Efron (1992, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 54, 83–111), this paper proposes a version of the moving block jackknife as a method of estimating standard errors of block-bootstrap estimators under dependence. As in the case of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) observations, the proposed method merely regroups the values of a statistic from different bootstrap replicates to produce an estimate of its standard error. Consistency of the resulting jackknife standard error estimator is proved for block-bootstrap estimators of the bias and the variance of a large class of statistics. Consistency of Efron's method is also established in similar problems for i.i.d. data.
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Gupta, V. K., A. Das, and A. Dey. "Universal optimality of block designs with unequal block sizes." Statistics & Probability Letters 11, no. 2 (February 1991): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7152(91)90139-i.

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Sinha, K., and B. Jones. "Further equireplicate balanced block designs with unequal block sizes." Statistics & Probability Letters 6, no. 4 (March 1988): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7152(88)90065-x.

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Xie, Junshan, and Gaoming Sun. "A test for block circular symmetric covariance structure with divergent dimension." ESAIM: Probability and Statistics 23 (2019): 672–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ps/2019020.

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The paper considers the likelihood ratio (LR) test on the block circular symmetric covariance structure of a multivariate Gaussian population with divergent dimension. When the sample size n, the dimension of each block p and the number of blocks u satisfy pu < n − 1 and p = p(n) → ∞ as n → ∞, the asymptotic distribution and the moderate deviation principle of the logarithmic LR test statistic under the null hypothesis are established. Some numerical simulations indicate that the proposed LR test method performs well in the divergent-dimensional block circular symmetric covariance structure test.
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Lu, Ta Te. "Significant Features Selection Resistant to Temporal Distortions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 3154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.3154.

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Most patterns in continuous video sequences are similar. Temporal distortion, e.g. frames dropping, insertions, transposition, is a challenging issue for video reconstruction to find the actual missing positions in video sequences. The aim of this paper is to raise the detection accuracy and synchronize video frames back to original positions following temporal synchronization distortions. The successive video frames have similar statistics but the statistics in some local regions may differ from one another. Therefore, the block partition is partitioned into non-overlapping blocks by each frame, and then the local variance is calculated and taken as the block feature in each block. For most of the video frames, the pixels within the frame blocks are correlated and the maximum eigenvalue will be far from other eigenvalues. In this case, the maximum eigenvalue is set as the dominated block feature. For less correlated blocks, the values of the eigenvalues will be a little closer. In this case, the mean value of the eigenvalues represents the dominated block feature. Then, the sum of variance is regarded as the frame feature to calculate from these selective dominated blocks. Simulation results show the proposed methods are robust in evaluating the missing positions against temporal distortions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Block Statistics"

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Wang, Xiaopei. "Multi-Way Block Models." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342716695.

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Schmidt, Daniel F. "Eigenvalue Statistics for Random Block Operators." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51851.

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The Schrodinger Hamiltonian for a single electron in a crystalline solid with independent, identically distributed (i.i.d.) single-site potentials has been well studied. It has the form of a diagonal potential energy operator, which contains the random variables, plus a kinetic energy operator, which is deterministic. In the less-understood cases of multiple interacting charge carriers, or of correlated random variables, the Hamiltonian can take the form of a random block-diagonal operator, plus the usual kinetic energy term. Thus, it is of interest to understand the eigenvalue statistics for such operators. In this work, we establish a criterion under which certain random block operators will be guaranteed to satisfy Wegner, Minami, and higher-order estimates. This criterion is phrased in terms of properties of individual blocks of the Hamiltonian. We will then verify the input conditions of this criterion for a certain quasiparticle model with i.i.d. single-site potentials. Next, we will present a progress report on a project to verify the same input conditions for a class of one-dimensional, single-particle alloy-type models. These two results should be sufficient to demonstrate the utility of the criterion as a method of proving Wegner and Minami estimates for random block operators.
Ph. D.
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Estmark, Andreas. "Text Block Prediction and Article Reconstruction Using BERT." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447248.

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Kungliga biblioteket (National Library of Sweden, KB) uses Optical Character Recognition (OCR) engines to extract and segment texts from their archive of daily newspaper articles. These systems are good at extracting and segmenting text on the paragraph level and lower (i.e., sentences, words, and characters), but less on the article level, resulting in the segmentation of articles into text blocks not attached to their articles. In this thesis, BERT, a natural language processing (NLP) model, is fine-tuned on newspaper articles and used to reconstruct these articles by predicting if a text block is the next or not.  A small data set of 127 text blocks from 21 articles is used.  The best performing BERT achieved an accuracy of 94% on text block pair prediction when the blocks are ordered. It resulted in 13 reconstructed articles. The performance was reduced when selecting from all possible, unordered text pairs. It was also found that BERT performs well on clustering text blocks from the same articles.
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Hemmer, Michael Toshiro. "Nonparametric Test for the Umbrella Alternative in a Randomized Complete Block and Balanced Incomplete Block Mixed Design." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26696.

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Nonparametric tests have served as robust alternatives to traditional statistical tests with rigid underlying assumptions. If a researcher expects the treatment effects to follow an umbrella alternative, then the test developed in this research will be applicable in the Balanced Incomplete Block Design (Hemmer’s test). It is hypothesized that Hemmer’s test will prove to be more powerful than the Durbin test when the umbrella alternative is true. A mixed design consisting of a Balanced Incomplete Block Design and a Randomized Complete Block Design will also be considered, where two additional test statistics are developed for the umbrella alternative. Monte Carlo simulation studies were conducted using SAS to estimate powers. Various underlying distributions were used with 3, 4, and 5 treatments, and a variety of peaks and mean parameter values. For the mixed design, different ratios of complete to incomplete blocks were considered. Recommendations are given.
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Chang, Yueh-Jane. "Optimal block designs with nested rows and columns /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487671108307662.

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Bortnick, Steven M. "Optimal block designs for simultaneous comparison of test treatments with a control /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488192447429755.

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Ndungu, Alfred Mungai. "A Nonparametric Test for the Non-Decreasing Alternative in an Incomplete Block Design." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29772.

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The purpose of this paper is to present a new nonparametric test statistic for testing against ordered alternatives in a Balanced Incomplete Block Design (BIBD). This test will then be compared with the Durbin test which tests for differences between treatments in a BIBD but without regard to order. For the comparison, Monte Carlo simulations were used to generate the BIBD. Random samples were simulated from: Normal Distribution; Exponential Distribution; T distribution with three degrees of freedom. The number of treatments considered was three, four and five with all the possible combinations necessary for a BIBD. Small sample sizes were 20 or less and large sample sizes were 30 or more. The powers and alpha values were then estimated after 10,000 repetitions.The results of the study show that the new test proposed is more powerful than the Durbin test. Regardless of the distribution, sample size or number of treatments, the new test tended to have higher powers than the Durbin test.
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Amărioarei, Alexandru. "Approximations for multidimensional discrete scan statistics." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10073/document.

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Dans cette thèse nous obtenons des approximations et les erreurs associées pour la distribution de la statistique de scan discrète multi-dimensionnelle. La statistique de scan est vue comme le maximum d'une suite de variables aléatoires stationnaires 1-dépendante. Dans ce cadre, nous présentons un nouveau résultat pour l'approximation de la distribution de l'extremum d'une suite de variables aléatoire stationnaire 1-dépendante, avec des conditions d'application plus larges et des erreurs d'approximations plus petites par rapport aux résultats existants en littérature. Ce résultat est utilisé ensuite pour l'approximation de la distribution de la statistique de scan. L'intérêt de cette approche par rapport aux techniques existantes en littérature est du à la précision d'une erreur d'approximation, d'une part, et de son applicabilité qui ne dépend pas de la distribution du champ aléatoire sous-adjacent aux données, d'autre part.Les modèles considérés dans ce travail sont le modèle i.i.d et le modèle de dépendance de type block-factor. Pour la modélisation i.i.d. les résultats sont détaillés pour la statistique de scan uni, bi et tri-dimensionnelle. Un algorithme de simulation de type "importance sampling" a été introduit pour le calcul effectif des approximations et des erreurs associées. Des études de simulations démontrent l'efficacité des résultats obtenus. La comparaison avec d'autres méthodes existantes est réalisée. La dépendance de type block-factor est introduite comme une alternative à la dépendance de type Markov. La méthodologie développée traditionnellement dans le cas i.i.d. est étendue à ce type de dépendance
In this thesis, we derive accurate approximations and error bounds for the probability distribution of the multidimensional discrete scan statistics. We start by improving some existing results concerning the estimation of the distribution of extremes of 1-dependent stationary sequences of random variables, both in terms of range of applicability and sharpness of the error bound. These estimates play the key role in the approximation process of the multidimensional discrete scan statistics distribution. The presented methodology has two main advantages over the existing ones found in the literature: first, beside the approximation formula, an error bound is also established and second, the approximation does not depend on the common distribution of the observations. For the underlying random field under which the scan process is evaluated, we consider two models: the classical model, of independent and identically distributed observations and a dependent framework, where the observations are generated by a block-factor. In the i.i.d. case, in order to illustrate the accuracy of our results, we consider the particular settings of one, two and three dimensions. A simulation study is conducted where we compare our estimate with other approximations and inequalities derived in the literature. The numerical values are efficiently obtained via an importance sampling algorithm discussed in detail in the text. Finally, we consider a block-factor model for the underlying random field, which consists of dependent data and we show how to extend the approximation methodology to this case. Several examples in one and two dimensions are investigated
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Shu, Xiaohua. "BLOCK DESIGNS UNDER AUTOCORRELATED ERRORS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/154927.

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Statistics
Ph.D.
This research work is focused on the balanced and partially balanced incomplete block designs when observations within blocks are correlated. The topic for this dissertation was motivated by a problem in pharmaceutical research, when several treatments are allocated to individuals, and repeated measurements are taken on each individual. In that case, there is correlation among the observations taken on the same individual. Typically, it is reasonable to assume that the observations within individual close to each other are highly correlated than observations that are far away from each other. It is also reasonable to assume that the correlation between any two observations within each individual is same. We have characterized balanced and partially balanced incomplete block designs when observations within blocks are autocorrelated. In Chapter 3, we have provided an explicit expression for the average variance of estimated elementary treatment contrasts for designs obtained by Type I and II series of orthogonal arrays, under autocorrelated errors, and compared them with the corresponding balanced incomplete block designs with uncorrelated errors. The relative efficiency of balanced incomplete block design compared to the corresponding balanced incomplete block design obtained by Types I and II series of orthogonal array under autocorrelated errors does not depend on the number of treatments (v) and is an increasing function of the block size (k). When orthogonal arrays of Type I or Type II do not exist for a given number of treatments, we provided alternative partially balanced designs with autocorrelated errors. In Chapter 4, we rearranged the treatments in each block of symmetric balanced incomplete block designs and used them with autocorrelated error structure of the plots in a block. The C-matrix of estimated treatment effects under autocorrelation was given and the relative efficiency of symmetric balanced incomplete block designs with independent errors compared to the autocorrelated designs is given. In Chapter 5, we discussed the compound symmetry correlation structure within blocks. An explicit expression of the average variance of designs obtained by Type I and II series of orthogonal arrays and symmetric balanced incomplete block designs under compound symmetric errors has been provided and compared them with the corresponding balanced incomplete block designs with uncorrelated errors. Finally, the relative efficiencies of these designs with autocorrelated errors vs. compound symmetric error structure are given
Temple University--Theses
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Kim, Hang. "TIME SERIES BLOCK BOOTSTRAP APPLICATION AND EFFECT OF AGGREGATION AND SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/490644.

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Statistics
Ph.D.
In this dissertation, we review the basic properties of the bootstrap and time series application. Then we apply parametric bootstrap on three simulated normal i.i.d. samples and nonparametric bootstrap on four real life financial returns. Among the time series bootstrap methods, we look into the specific method called block bootstrap and investigate the block length consideration to properly select a suitable block size for AR(1) model. We propose a new rule of blocking named as Combinatorially-Augmented Block Bootstrap(CABB). We compare the existing block bootstrap and CABB method using the simulated i.i.d. samples, AR(1) time series, and the real life examples. Both methods perform equally well in estimating AR(1) coefficients. CABB produces a smaller standard deviation based on our simulated and empirical studies. We study two procedures of collecting time series, (i) aggregation of a flow variable and (ii) systematic sampling of a stock variable. In these two procedures, we derive theorems that calculate exact equations for $m$ aggregated and $m^{th}$ systematically sampled series of the original AR(1) model. We evaluate the performance of block bootstrap estimation of the parameters of ARMA(1,1) and AR(1) model using aggregated and systematically sampled series. Simulation and real data analyses show that in some cases, the performance of the estimation based on the block bootstrap method for the MA(1) parameter of the ARMA(1,1) model in aggregated series is better than the one without using bootstrap. In an extreme case of stock price movement, which is close to a random walk, the block bootstrap estimate using systematically sampled series is closer to the true parameter, defined as the parameter calculated by the theorem. Specifically, the block bootstrap estimate of the parameter of AR(1) model using the systematically sampled series is closer to phi(n) than that based on the MLE for the AR(1) model. Future research problems include theoretical investigation of CABB, effectiveness of block bootstrap in other time series analyses such as nonlinear or VAR.
Temple University--Theses
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Books on the topic "Block Statistics"

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Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy. Block grant statistics 1988-89. London: CIPFA, 1988.

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1938-, Herrendörfer Günter, ed. Experimental design: Sample size determination and block designs. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Pub. Co., 1986.

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1945-, Kageyama Sanpei, ed. Block designs: A randomization approach. New York: Springer, 2000.

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Link, Carol L. Statistical determination of preservative threshold retention in soil block tests. [Madison, Wis.?: Forest Products, 1988.

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Joshi, Hem Lata. Educational development index-Rajasthan: Spatio-temporal appraisal at panchayat samiti/block level, 1991-2000. Jaipur: University Book House, 2003.

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Joshi, Hem Lata. Economic development index, Rajasthan: Spatio-temporal & gender appraisal at panchayat samiti/block level. Jaipur: University Book House, 2005.

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Lindgren, Sue A. Justice variable passthrough data, 1988: Anti-drug abuse formula grants. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1990.

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Joice, Paul. Redistribution effect of introducing 2010 Census and 2005-2009 ACS data into the CDBG formula. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research, 2011.

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Carroll, Gary L. Timber resource statistics for the Beluga block, Susitna River Basin multiresource inventory unit, Alaska, 1980. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1985.

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Mead, Bert R. Timber resource statistics for the Upper Susitna block, Susitna River Basin Multiresource inventory unit, Alaska, 1980. Portland, Or: Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Block Statistics"

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Lange, Kenneth. "Block Relaxation." In Springer Texts in Statistics, 171–83. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5838-8_7.

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Saville, David J., and Graham R. Wood. "Randomized Block Design." In Springer Texts in Statistics, 299–339. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0971-3_12.

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Toutenburg, Helge, and Shalabh. "Incomplete Block Designs." In Springer Texts in Statistics, 181–244. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1148-3_6.

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Dean, Angela, Daniel Voss, and Danel Draguljić. "Complete Block Designs." In Springer Texts in Statistics, 305–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52250-0_10.

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Dean, Angela, Daniel Voss, and Danel Draguljić. "Incomplete Block Designs." In Springer Texts in Statistics, 349–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52250-0_11.

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McEntegart, Damian. "Block Randomization." In Methods and Applications of Statistics in Clinical Trials, 125–38. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118596005.ch11.

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de Leeuw, Jan. "Block-relaxation Algorithms in Statistics." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 308–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46808-7_28.

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Politis, Dimitris N., Joseph P. Romano, and Michael Wolf. "Choice of the Block Size." In Springer Series in Statistics, 188–212. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1554-7_9.

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Mejza, S., and S. Kageyama. "Some Statistical Properties of Nested Block Designs." In Contributions to Statistics, 231–38. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58988-1_25.

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Brusco, Michael J., Stephanie Stahl, and J. Dennis Cradit. "Multiobjective Multidimensional (City-Block) Scaling." In Statistics in the Social Sciences, 113–33. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470583333.ch4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Block Statistics"

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Bae, Seungbin, Hakjae Lee, Kisung Lee, Kyeongmin Kim, Hyun-il Kim, Yonghyun Chung, and Jinhun Joung. "Statistics-based position decoding for a block detector." In 2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2012 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2012.6551730.

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Straubhaar*, J., P. Renard, and G. Mariethoz. "Multiple-point Statistics Simulations Accounting for Block Data." In Petroleum Geostatistics 2015. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201413585.

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Chaudhuri, Surajit, Gautam Das, and Utkarsh Srivastava. "Effective use of block-level sampling in statistics estimation." In the 2004 ACM SIGMOD international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1007568.1007602.

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Liang Xu, Liang Zhang, Ping Han, and Ren-biao Wu. "Adaptive threshold shadow detection based on image block statistics." In 2008 9th International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icosp.2008.4697387.

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Yang, Yinghua, and Ioan Tabus. "Haplotype Block Partitioning using a Normalized Maximum Likelihood Model." In 2007 IEEE International Workshop on Genomic Signal Processing and Statistics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gensips.2007.4365840.

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Dong, Sheng, Jinjin Zhai, Weinan Huang, Zhifeng Wang, and Ri Zhang. "Estimating Storm Surge Design Parameter for Oil and Gas Exploitation in the Blocks of Liaodong Bay." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77400.

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Liaodong Bay is located at the northern part of the Bohai Sea. There are four blocks where oil and gas are found. In order to exploit these resources in these connected four blocks, extreme value statistics is used to estimate the storm-surge design parameters. Long-term series of storm surge are hindcast by numerical models. Using data from series of extreme storm surge caused by tropical cyclones in the Liaodong Bay, statistical analysis of extreme storm surge is carried out with Poisson-generalized extreme value distribution by considering the occurrence frequencies of tropical cyclones. The 100-year return storm surge is 195cm and the 50-year storm surge is 164cm. Both of them occur in Block 1. Due to the influence of topography of the total four blocks, the intensity trends of storm surges in Blocks 1, 2 and 3 are similar, whereas the intensity of storm surge in Block 4 is relatively small. These results are reference for the structural design in these blocks.
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Mohd Zawawi, Iskandar Shah, Zarina Bibi Ibrahim, and Mohamed Suleiman. "On the stability of diagonally implicit 2-point block backward differentiation formulae." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES AND STATISTICS 2013 (ICMSS2013): Proceedings of the International Conference on Mathematical Sciences and Statistics 2013. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4823927.

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Chen, Shang Kuan, Ran Zan Wang, and Wen Pinn Fang. "High-Payload Lossless Data Hiding Scheme with Block Statistics Characteristics." In 2014 Tenth International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIH-MSP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iih-msp.2014.101.

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Marques, Filipe J., and Carlos A. Coelho. "The multi-sample block-scalar sphericity test under the complex multivariate normal case." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES AND STATISTICS 2013 (ICMSS2013): Proceedings of the International Conference on Mathematical Sciences and Statistics 2013. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4823948.

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Coelho, Carlos A., and Filipe J. Marques. "Near-exact distributions for the block equicorrelation and equivariance likelihood ratio test statistic." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES AND STATISTICS 2013 (ICMSS2013): Proceedings of the International Conference on Mathematical Sciences and Statistics 2013. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4823950.

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Reports on the topic "Block Statistics"

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Carroll, Gary L., Theodore S. Setzer, and Bert R. Mead. Timber resource statistics for the Beluga block, Susitna River basin multiresource inventory unit, Alaska, 1980. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rb-121.

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Mead, Bert R., Theodore S. Setzer, and Gary L. Carroll. Timber resource statistics for the Upper Susitna block, Susitna River basin multiresource inventory unit, Alaska, 1980. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rb-122.

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Tong, J., R. Even, and R. Huang. RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block for MPEG2 Transport Stream (TS) Program Specific Information (PSI) Decodability Statistics Metrics Reporting. Edited by C. Bi and Q. Wu. RFC Editor, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc7380.

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Huang, R., Q. Wu, H. Asaeda, and G. Zorn. RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block for MPEG-2 Transport Stream (TS) Program Specific Information (PSI) Independent Decodability Statistics Metrics Reporting. RFC Editor, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6990.

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Wraight, Sarah, Julia Hofmann, Justine Allpress, and Brooks Depro. Environmental justice concerns and the proposed Atlantic Coast Pipeline route in North Carolina. RTI Press, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.mr.0037.1803.

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This report describes publicly available data sets and quantitative analysis that local communities can use to evaluate environmental justice concerns associated with pipeline projects. We applied these data and analytical methods to two counties in North Carolina (Northampton and Robeson counties) that would be affected by the proposed Atlantic Coast Pipeline (ACP). We compared demographic and vulnerability characteristics of census blocks, census block groups, and census tracts that lie within 1 mile of the proposed pipeline route with corresponding census geographies that lie outside of the 1-mile zone. Finally, we present results of a county-level analysis of race and ethnicity data for the entire North Carolina segment of the proposed ACP route. Statistical analyses of race and ethnicity data (US Census Bureau) and Social Vulnerability Index scores (University of South Carolina’s Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute) yielded evidence of significant differences between the areas crossed by the pipeline and reference geographies. No significant differences were found in our analyses of household income and cancer risk data.
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Zorn, G., R. Schott, and R. Huang. RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Blocks for Summary Statistics Metrics Reporting. Edited by Q. Wu. RFC Editor, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc7004.

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Noyes, H. COMMENT ON 'STATISTICAL MECHANICAL ORIGIN OF THE ENTROPY OF A ROTATING, CHARGED BLACK HOLE'. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1449646.

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Aalto, Juha, and Ari Venäläinen, eds. Climate change and forest management affect forest fire risk in Fennoscandia. Finnish Meteorological Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361355.

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Forest and wildland fires are a natural part of ecosystems worldwide, but large fires in particular can cause societal, economic and ecological disruption. Fires are an important source of greenhouse gases and black carbon that can further amplify and accelerate climate change. In recent years, large forest fires in Sweden demonstrate that the issue should also be considered in other parts of Fennoscandia. This final report of the project “Forest fires in Fennoscandia under changing climate and forest cover (IBA ForestFires)” funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, synthesises current knowledge of the occurrence, monitoring, modelling and suppression of forest fires in Fennoscandia. The report also focuses on elaborating the role of forest fires as a source of black carbon (BC) emissions over the Arctic and discussing the importance of international collaboration in tackling forest fires. The report explains the factors regulating fire ignition, spread and intensity in Fennoscandian conditions. It highlights that the climate in Fennoscandia is characterised by large inter-annual variability, which is reflected in forest fire risk. Here, the majority of forest fires are caused by human activities such as careless handling of fire and ignitions related to forest harvesting. In addition to weather and climate, fuel characteristics in forests influence fire ignition, intensity and spread. In the report, long-term fire statistics are presented for Finland, Sweden and the Republic of Karelia. The statistics indicate that the amount of annually burnt forest has decreased in Fennoscandia. However, with the exception of recent large fires in Sweden, during the past 25 years the annually burnt area and number of fires have been fairly stable, which is mainly due to effective fire mitigation. Land surface models were used to investigate how climate change and forest management can influence forest fires in the future. The simulations were conducted using different regional climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simulations, extending to 2100, indicate that forest fire risk is likely to increase over the coming decades. The report also highlights that globally, forest fires are a significant source of BC in the Arctic, having adverse health effects and further amplifying climate warming. However, simulations made using an atmospheric dispersion model indicate that the impact of forest fires in Fennoscandia on the environment and air quality is relatively minor and highly seasonal. Efficient forest fire mitigation requires the development of forest fire detection tools including satellites and drones, high spatial resolution modelling of fire risk and fire spreading that account for detailed terrain and weather information. Moreover, increasing the general preparedness and operational efficiency of firefighting is highly important. Forest fires are a large challenge requiring multidisciplinary research and close cooperation between the various administrative operators, e.g. rescue services, weather services, forest organisations and forest owners is required at both the national and international level.
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Döring, Thomas, and Lorenz Blume. Finanzausgleichsbedingte Einheitslasten der Länder – eine empirische Quantifizierung am Beispiel des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627178.

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Sowohl in der finanzwissenschaftlichen als auch der rechtswissenschaftlichen Diskussion in Deutschland besteht Einigkeit darüber, dass die fiskalischen Folgen der Wiedervereinigung von Bund, Ländern und Kommunen gemeinsam zu tragen sind. Mit diesem Verständnis der Deutschen Einheit als „Gemeinschaftsaufgabe“ aller drei Gebietskörperschaftsebenen des föderalen Bundesstaates ist die Vorstellung verknüpft, dass es diesbezüglich zu einer angemessenen Lastenverteilung zwischen Bund, Ländern und Kommunen kommt. Eine vollständige Nutzen-Kosten-Analyse des deutschen Vereinigungsprozesses und seiner Auswirkungen auf die Haushalte von Bund, Ländern und Kommunen, die die verschiedenen Haben- und Soll-Positionen in aller Breite und Differenziertheit erfasst, ist dabei aus ökonomischer Sicht aufgrund der schieren Quantität der zu berücksichtigenden Nutzen- und Kosteneffekte kaum zu bewältigen. Diese Komplexität reduziert sich zwar, wenn nur die finanzwirtschaftlichen Effekte des deutschen Vereinigungsprozesses betrachtet werden, aber auch eine solche Analyse muss eine Vielzahl entsprechender Lasten in den Blick nehmen. die Überlegungen in diesem Artikel sind auf zwei zentrale Punkte ausgerichtet: Zum einen bedarf der Begriff der „Lasten“ einer grundlegenden Klärung (Abschnitt 2). Im Zentrum steht die Frage, ob das ökonomische Lastenverständnis sich in der Erfassung reiner Zahlungsströme erschöpft oder auch darüber hinausgehende Tatbestände zu berücksichtigen sind. Die universelle Anwendung des ökonomischen Lastenverständnisses lässt sich dabei sehr gut anhand ausgewählter Beispiele aus dem Bereich der Finanzwissenschaft illustrieren. Zum anderen wird in diesem Beitrag am Fallbeispiel der finanzausgleichsbedingten Einheitslasten des Landes Nordrhein Westfalen ein methodischer Ansatz entwickelt, mit dem Einheitslasten empirisch quantifiziert werden können (Abschnitt 3). In Abhängigkeit von den verfügbaren Daten sowie zur Gewährleistung einer hinreichenden Zahl an statistisch verwertbaren Datenpunkten werden hierzu die Jahre von 1969 bis 2009 als Betrachtungszeitraum für einen ökonometrischen Strukturbruchtest gewählt.
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Döring, Thomas, and Lorenz Blume. Einbindung der neuen Länder in den bundesstaatlichen Finanzausgleich - Eine empirische Schätzung der Einheitslasten der westdeutschen Länder. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627215.

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Sowohl in der finanzwissenschaftlichen als auch der rechtswissenschaftlichen Diskussion in Deutschland besteht Einigkeit darüber, dass die fiskalischen Folgen der Wiedervereinigung von Bund, Ländern und Kommunen gemeinsam zu tragen sind. Mit diesem Verständnis der Deutschen Einheit als „Gemeinschaftsaufgabe“ aller drei Gebietskörperschaftsebenen des föderalen Bundesstaates ist die Vorstellung verknüpft, dass es diesbezüglich zu einer angemessenen Lastenverteilung zwischen Bund, Ländern und Kommunen kommt. Eine vollständige Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse des deutschen Vereinigungsprozesses und seiner Auswirkungen auf die Haushalte von Bund, Ländern und Kommunen, die die verschiedenen Haben- und Soll-Positionen in aller Breite und Differenziertheit erfasst, ist dabei aus ökonomischer Sicht aufgrund der schieren Quantität der zu berücksichtigenden Nutzen- und Kosteneffekte kaum zu bewältigen. Diese Komplexität reduziert sich zwar, wenn nur die finanzwirtschaftlichen Effekte des deutschen Vereinigungsprozesses betrachtet werden, aber auch eine solche Analyse muss eine Vielzahl entsprechender Lasten in den Blick nehmen. Vor diesem Hintergrund sind die nachfolgenden Überlegungen auf zwei zentrale Punkte ausgerichtet: Zum einen bedarf der Begriff der „Einheitslasten“ einer grundlegenden Klärung (Abschnitt 2). Dabei steht die Frage im Zentrum, ob das ökonomische Lastenverständnis sich in der Erfassung reiner Zahlungsströme erschöpft oder auch darüber hinausgehende Tatbestände zu berücksichtigen sind. Zum anderen wird in diesem Beitrag ein methodischer Ansatz entwickelt, mit dem die Einheitslasten, die aus dem unmittelbar horizontalen Länderfinanzausgleich resultieren, empirisch quantifiziert werden können (Abschnitt 3). In Abhängigkeit von den verfügbaren Daten sowie zur Gewährleistung einer hinreichenden Zahl an statistisch verwertbaren Datenpunkten werden hierzu die Jahre von 1969 bis 2009 als Betrachtungszeitraum für einen ökonometrischen Strukturbruchtest gewählt. Auf dieser Grundlage lassen sich sowohl die durchschnittliche Belastung aller westdeutschen Länder insgesamt als auch die individuelle Belastung einzelner Länder aus der Einbeziehung der ostdeutschen Länder in den horizontalen Finanzausgleich näher bestimmen.
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