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1
Mullegowda, Rakshitha Channarayapatna, Nirmala Hiremani, Mahantesh Birje, and Nataraj Kanathur Ramaswamy. "A novel smart contract based blockchain with sidechain for electronic voting." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 1 (2024): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i1.pp617-630.
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Several countries have been researching digital voting methods in order to overcome the challenges of paper balloting and physical voting. The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has compelled the remote implementation of existing systems and procedures. Online voting will ultimately become the norm just like unified payments interface (UPI) payments and online banking. With digital voting or electronic voting (e-voting) a small bug can cause massive vote rigging. E-voting must be honest, exact, safe, and simple. E-voting is vulnerable to malware, which can disrupt servers. Blockchain’s end-to-end validation solves these problems. Three smart contracts-voter, candidate, and voting-are employed. The problem of fraudulent actions is addressed using vote coins. Vote coins indicate voter status. Sidechain technology complements blockchain. Sidechains improve blockchain functionality by performing operations outside of blockchains and delivering the results to the mainchain. Thus, storing the encrypted vote on the sidechain and using the decrypted result on the mainchain reduces cost. Building access control policies to grant only authorized users’ access to the votes for counting is made simpler by this authorization paradigm. Results of the approach depict the proposed e-voting system improves system security against replay attacks and reduces the processing cost as well as processing time.
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Nargide, Harsh Rajesh. "E-Voting System Using Blockchain and Face Recognition." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 4 (2024): 4022–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.60890.
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Abstract: Voting systems have evolved over time, with paper voting becoming the most common worldwide. The introduction of electronic voting in the last decade has brought long-term solutions, but problems remain, especially in terms of security, trust, transparency and operation. Estonia has emerged as a leader in electronic voting despite limited blockchain integration. Blockchain technology offers a promising solution to these challenges through immutability and decentralization. However, current blockchain-based voting technology often lacks good solutions or lacks adequate measurement and evaluation. This article presents a new blockchain-based electronic voting platform designed to solve these problems in many elections. Our platform, which uses blockchain technology, prevents external intervention when starting the election by completing the administrative process in the central distribution system. Always be transparent while protecting voters' identities with homomorphic encryption. Our extensive testing and comparisons on our independent blockchain projects show that there is little difference between public and private blockchains. The main innovation of our solution is the provided management system using blockchain and homomorphic encryption, transparent process and stable security and self-assessment. This research contributes to the development of electronic elections to increase the security, transparency and efficiency of the democratic process.
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HarshalKumar Patil, Prof. "Online Voting System Using Blockchain: A Secure and Transparent Approach." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 06 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem50471.
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Abstract - Blockchain technology has emerged as a practical solution for secure and transparent digital voting systems. Traditional voting systems, especially online voting methods, often face security risks like hacking, tampering, and vote manipulation. Maintaining voter anonymity and ensuring data integrity are also major challenges. Blockchain, with its distributed and unchanged able ledger, offers solutions by providing a secure and decentralized way to record votes. This paper looks at the structure, implementation, and bene f its of a blockchain-based online voting system that uses blockchain’s security features to improve the voting process. By using cryptographic methods and decentralized data storage, the system boosts transparency, lowers fraud risks, and makes sure votes are unchangeable. The proposed system includes steps for voter registration, vote casting, and result verification, all secured by smart contracts. Experimental results show that blockchain can keep voter anonymity, resist tampering, and provide a traceable voting record. The study also discusses challenges in scalability, timing, and following guidelines, offering ideas for improvements and future efforts. Overall, the research suggests that blockchain-based voting could change electoral pro cases, providing a reliable digital voting option that supports democratic values. Keywords— Blockchain Technology, Digital Voting, Online Voting Systems, Data Integrity, Transparency, Security, Cryptography, Smart Contracts, Voter Anonymity, Tamper-Resistance, Immutable Ledger, Scalability, Decentralization
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Denis González, Camilo, Daniel Frias Mena, Alexi Massó Muñoz, Omar Rojas, and Guillermo Sosa-Gómez. "Electronic Voting System Using an Enterprise Blockchain." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (2022): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020531.
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Conventional electronic voting systems use a centralized scheme. A central administration of these systems manages the entire voting process and has partial or total control over the database and the system itself. This creates some problems, accidental or intentional, such as possible manipulation of the database and double voting. Many of these problems have been solved thanks to permissionless blockchain technologies in new voting systems; however, the classic consensus method of such blockchains requires specific computing power during each voting operation. This has a significant impact on power consumption, compromises the efficiency and increases the system latency. However, using a permissioned blockchain improves efficiency and reduces system energy consumption, mainly due to the elimination of the typical consensus protocols used by public blockchains. The use of smart contracts provides a secure mechanism to guarantee the accuracy of the voting result and make the counting procedure public and protected against fraudulent actions, and contributes to preserving the anonymity of the votes. Its adoption in electronic voting systems can help mitigate part of these problems. Therefore, this paper proposes a system that ensures high reliability by applying enterprise blockchain technology to electronic voting, securing the secret ballot. In addition, a flexible network configuration is presented, discussing how the solution addresses some of the security and reliability issues commonly faced by electronic voting system solutions.
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Madhanachithra, R., Sasikala R, Shalini A, and Vinitha R. "E-Voting using Blockchain Technology." Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research 06, no. 02 (2022): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.46759/iijsr.2022.6211.
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Blockchain is a decentralized, digital, and consensus-based secure information storage system. This article gives an overview of how to use the blockchain to construct a secure and trustworthy electronic voting system. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the most recent state of blockchain-based voting research while attempting to foresee the accompanying potential issues future developments. This paper's technique is as follows: a methodical approach to review and following an overview of the blockchain's core structure and properties in relation. We present a conceptual definition of e-voting. Desired e-voting application based on blockchain symmetrical improvements in asymmetrical cryptography are also important. We gathered and examined a number of research papers from scientific databases that advocated for the use of the blockchain architecture in voting systems. These articles suggested that blockchain-based voting systems may offer alternatives to standard e-voting. The most pressing challenges were divided into five categories: general, integrity, coin-based, privacy, and consensus. As a consequence of this study, it was discovered that blockchain systems can help solve some of the issues that now plague election systems. We are attempting to design a system that respects the essential and most significant aspects of a voting system, such as transparency, secrecy, security, and decentralisation, while also providing the extra benefit of mobility.
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Raval, Darshil, Ajay Pillai, Mit Chauhan, Shivani Das, and Dr Yassir Farooqui. "E-Voting System Using Blockchain." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 3 (2024): 2216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.59313.
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Abstract: Since the 1970s, electronic voting (e-voting) has evolved, offering efficiency and reduced errors, but faces challenges in security and accessibility. Blockchain technology emerges as a disruptive force with potential to fortify e-voting systems. Voting is fundamental to democracy, yet concerns over reliability and accessibility persist. E-voting, while introduced to address these concerns, remains costly and centralized. Blockchain’s decentralized nature holds promise for overcoming these challenges. This study introduces e-Vote, a blockchain- based voting system designed for privacy, accessibility, and security. Leveraging Ethereum’s blockchain and smart contracts, e-Vote offers a scalable framework for university level elections. Utilizing cryptographic techniques such as homomorphic encryption, e-Vote ensures voter privacy. Our implementation, tested on Ethereum’s Testnet, demonstrates usability, scalability, and efficacy. Successful integration of e-Vote requires two key components: the Election Commission, managing elections and candidates through smart contracts, and the voter’s module, enabling individuals to cast ballots for their respective constituencies, with each ballot recorded on the blockchain to prevent tampering.
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Fatih, Rabia, Sara Arezki, and Taoufiq Gadi. "A Review of Blockchain-Based E-Voting Systems: Comparative Analysis and Findings." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 17, no. 23 (2023): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v17i23.45257.
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The emergence of blockchain has ushered in a significant transformation in information systems research. Blockchain’s key pillars such as decentralization, immutability, and transparency have paved the path for extensive exploration in various research domains. This particular study is focused on electronic voting, aiming to improve voting procedures by making better use of the benefits offered by blockchain technology. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature, we highlight the potential benefits of blockchain-based electronic voting systems such as transparency, security, and efficiency. However, several challenges, such as scalability, personal data confidentiality, and ensuring robust identity verification, persist. Addressing these issues is necessary to unlock the full potential of blockchain-based electronic voting systems, thereby fostering the development of trustworthy election systems in the future.
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V I, Imdad Ul Haq. "Blockchain Based Voting System." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 05 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem49212.
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Abstract –This The integrity of electoral processes is vital for sustaining democracy, yet traditional voting systems often grapple with issues such as security breaches, lack of transparency, and inefficiency. This project introduces a Blockchain-Based Voting System to address these challenges by leveraging blockchain's decentralized ledger technology. Each vote is encrypted and recorded on a blockchain, creating an immutable, transparent ledger while ensuring voter anonymity. Smart contracts automate vote tallying, thereby reducing the risk of fraud and human error. The system enhances security through end-to-end encryption and distributed consensus mechanisms, improves transparency with real-time audit trails accessible to all stakeholders, and supports remote voting to increase accessibility for voters facing geographical or physical barriers. By utilizing real-time notifications, the system empowers voters and ensures effective resource utilization. This approach aims to bolster electoral integrity, increase voter confidence, and modernize the electoral process by making it more secure, transparent, and efficient. Key Words: voting, blockchain, electoral, elections, journals
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V.Prem, Kumar, Harish Ganapathi Kadiyam, Ajay Sai Prasan Kapu, Meghana Chekka Lakshmi, Ayyaz Shaik, and Veera Venkata Satyanarayana Reddy Kovvuri. "Decentralized E-Voting: Enhancing Election Integrity Using Blockchain Technology." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 11, no. 04 (2025): 391–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15183132.
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<em>The development of democratic politics highlighted the paramount importance of safe and equitable elections, a tradition well established since ancient Greece. Conventional voting processes, generally involving on-site presence at a polling station, are confronted with issues like tampering and exposure to security risks. To overcome these problems, we are suggesting a secure online voting system using Blockchain technology, integrating homomorphic encryption and hashing methods to guarantee the privacy and integrity of every vote. The system uses smart contracts, which are triggered when an election is programmed, providing a tamper-proof and efficient voting process. With increasing numbers of voters, upgrading voting infrastructure to ensure security and fairness has become crucial. Our method decentralizes management of e-voting platforms on blockchains, utilizing a multi-winner approval voting system named Aqua on the Ethereum blockchain. This solution was extensively tested and compared on public and private blockchains and showed stable performance at relatively low speed while maintaining total data privacy using homomorphic encryption</em>
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Sujatha, B., Yarrampati Ganesh, N. Leelavathy, et al. "Blockchain-Powered E-Voting: A Novel Approach to Secure Voter Authentication, Online Voting and Election Automation." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 17, no. 47 (2024): 4948–58. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i47.3573.
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Objectives: A blockchain-based E-Voting system shall be designed to secure and make transparent voting through biometric and facial recognition for voter authentication with the help of smart contracts to automate electoral processes. Methods: The research used the Ethereum blockchain technology with smart contracts to automatically schedule elections, register voters, and declare election results. Volunteers controlled information relating to the voter, which included name, email address, phone number, biometrics, and facial images. All this was available for authenticated access. The IPFS contained all this for decentralized and immutable record-keeping. Findings: This E-Voting system is therefore proposed based on enhancing the security as well as the transparency brought about in the electoral processes. Using smart contracts that are developed with Ethereum prevents manipulation and provides integrity regarding data. Studies show the IPFS storage system leads to complete decentralization together with immutability-a critical flaw seen in systems of traditional voting. One can ensure the participation will be done by only voters who are verified, much improvement compared to the level of reliability as well as integrity offered through the various methods applied within the current electoral processes. These study results reinforce blockchain's effectiveness in ensuring that voting applications are secure as well as tamper-proof. Novelty: A blockchain and IPFS-based secure, decentralized voting solution to maintain data integrity and transparency. Keywords: Blockchain, E-Voting, Secure Voter Authentication, Smart Contracts, Online Voting, Election Automation
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Kotwal, Jay, Pallavi Nawale, and ,Prof A. G. Sayyad. "Digital Voting Application using Blockchain Technology." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 10 (2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem26593.
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Building a secure electronic voting system that offers the fairness and privacy of current voting schemes, while providing the transparency and flexibility offered by electronic systems has been a challenge for a long time. The development of a robust and secure e- voting system is crucial to ensure the integrity and authenticity of electoral processes. In this context, the integration of blockchain technology with face detection and Aadhar card verification presents an innovative solution. This system combines the power of blockchain's immutability and transparency with biometric authentication through face recognition and Aadhar card validation. By leveraging blockchain, the system can maintain a tamper-proof ledger of votes, ensuring their verifiability and integrity. The incorporation of face detection and Aadhar card verification enhances security by ensuring that only eligible voters can participate, thereby reducing the risk of fraudulent voting. This abstract introduces a novel e-voting system that promises to enhance the trust and reliability of the electoral process through blockchain technology, face detection, and Aadhar card authentication. Key Words: Blockchain, Electronic Voting System and Evoting, face recognisition.
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Hu, Zhiliu. "The Optimization Model of Borda Count Method Based on Blockchain Consensus Mechanism." Applied and Computational Engineering 117, no. 1 (2024): 79–86. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/2024.18950.
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The Borda Count method, a widely used ranked voting system, is known for its fairness and simplicity. However, when applied to large-scale voting systems, it faces challenges related to computational complexity, scalability, and system reliability. This paper proposes an optimization model for the Borda Count method by integrating blockchain consensus mechanisms, including Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS), and Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT), aiming to enhance the voting process's efficiency, accuracy, and fault tolerance.We explore how blockchain technology can address the computational challenges of Borda Count, ensuring secure, transparent, and decentralized voting while maintaining high system reliability. By leveraging blockchain's immutability and consensus mechanisms, the proposed model significantly reduces computational overhead, increases the robustness of the system against node failures, and improves the accuracy of the voting results.This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the Borda Count method and blockchain consensus mechanisms, outlines a novel optimization algorithm, and provides a theoretical evaluation of the model's performance. We conclude by discussing the advantages of integrating blockchain with Borda Count for distributed voting systems and suggest potential directions for future research.
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Potdukhe, Hitesh. "Exploratory Review: Decentralized Voting System Using Blockchain." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (2021): 1082–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38948.
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Abstract: Electronic voting, often known as e-voting, has been utilized in various forms since the 1970s, with basic advantages over paper-based systems such as improved efficiency and lower error rates. However, achieving widespread acceptance of such systems remains a problem, particularly in terms of strengthening their resistance to possible failures. Blockchain is a modernday disruptive technology that promises to enhance the overall robustness of electronic voting systems. This article describes an effort to use blockchain's features, such as cryptographic underpinnings and transparency, to create an effective e-voting mechanism. The suggested method meets the basic requirements for electronic voting systems and provides end-to-end verifiability. The proposed e-voting method is described in depth, as well as its implementation on the Multichain platform. The article provides an in-depth analysis of the scheme, demonstrating its efficacy in achieving an end-to-end verifiable e-voting system. Electronic trust services are becoming an integral part of the information space. With the reliable implementation of basic services as an electronic signature and electronic authentication, it is possible to build more complex systems that rely on them, particularly the electronic voting system. In the paper, the new concept for developing a decentralized electronic voting system using blockchain technology is proposed. The two-level architecture provides a secure voting process without redundancy of existing (not based on blockchain) systems. The presented blockchain-based voting protocol ensures all requirements that are put forward to such types of protocols including voting transparency and anonymity. This project is aimed to design a decentralized e-voting system. The core idea is to combine the blockchain technology with secret sharing scheme and homomorphic encryption to realize the decentralized e-voting application without a trusted third party. It provides a public and transparent voting process while protecting the anonymity of voter’s identity, the privacy of data transmission and verifiability of ballots during the billing phase. Keywords: Blockchain, Multichain, authentication, decentralized, anonymity
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Rexha, Blerim, Vehbi Neziri, and Ramadan Dervishi. "Enhancing Trustworthiness and Interoperability of Electronic Voting Systems through Blockchain Bridges." HighTech and Innovation Journal 4, no. 4 (2023): 749–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/hij-2023-04-04-04.
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Decentralized applications leveraging blockchain technology are gaining widespread adoption within the decentralized applications ecosystem. Interoperability, a fundamental concept facilitating seamless data and processing power exchange across diverse blockchain networks, is paramount in this context. The primary objective of this paper is to explore the transformative potential of "blockchain bridges" in facilitating secure and transparent electronic voting processes across multiple blockchain networks. The study employs a comprehensive analysis of various approaches, including atomic exchanges, sidechains, cross-chain bridges, token wrappers, and interledger protocols. The selection of a specific method is guided by the unique requirements and privacy considerations of the electronic voting use case. The application of two distinct blockchains serves as a practical demonstration, illustrating the principles of blockchain bridges in real-world scenarios. The research reveals that blockchain bridges not only streamline the exchange of data between diverse blockchain networks but also establish a dual decentralization paradigm. This paradigm enables the creation of openly maintained, purpose-specific, decentralized ledgers for electronic voting. The integration of blockchain bridges significantly reduces the risk of fraud, instilling greater confidence in the accuracy of election results. Thus, by presenting a comprehensive array of approaches and emphasizing their practical application, this research contributes to advancing the understanding and implementation of blockchain technology in the critical domain of electronic voting. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2023-04-04-04 Full Text: PDF
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Ainur, Jumagaliyeva, Abdykerimova Elmira, Turkmenbayev Asset, Muratova Gulzhan, Talgat Amangul, and Ainur Shekerbek. "Analysis of research on the implementation of Blockchain technologies in regional electoral processes." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 3 (2024): 2854. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i3.pp2854-2867.
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Implementation of Blockchain technologies in online voting system is becoming increasingly popular in modern society and has significantly efficiency in governance. This article explores how Blockchain technologies can boost government operations, making them more transparent and effective. It focuses on an in-depth analysis of current research and methods on Blockchain-based electronic voting systems. The aim of this study is investigated and analysis the potential contributions of Blockchain technology to e-voting by drawing insights from global best practices. According to literature review and case studies of Blockchain implementation in government are conducted to identify existing systems and methods of e-voting, identifying their strengths and weaknesses by analyzing European countries and preparing the ground for future alternatives. Additionally, it examined the role of public education in fostering trust and understanding of Blockchain technology and analyzed the legislative landscape in neighboring jurisdictions to solidify Blockchain’s role in decision-making processes. The results of the study provide a comprehensive perspective, and the findings emphasize the relevance of the study, its contribution to understanding the problems and prospects of introducing Blockchain into electoral processes at the regional level.
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Mande, Smita, Purvesh Rathi, Parth Rathi, Chaitanya Rathod, Manish Rathod, and Khushbu Rathod. "Blockchain Voting: A Step Towards Inclusive Democracy." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 11 (2023): 2282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.57026.
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Abstract: The online voting system that incorporates blockchain technology aims to transform the voting process by introducing upgraded trust, transparency and security. Through the utilization of a decentralized blockchain network, the proposed system ensures that each vote is securely recorded and verified, thereby establishing an immutable and tamper-resistant voting mechanism. One of the fundamental feature of the system is eligible voter verification. By leveraging blockchain's distributed nature, the system can verify the identity and eligibility of each voter, ensure that eligible individuals can only participate in the voting system. This authentication process adds an additional layer of security and helps prevent fraudulent activities. Secure vote casting is another crucial component of the proposed voting system. Through the utilization of blockchain, each and every vote is encrypted and securely stored in a decentralized manner. This ensures that votes cannot be altered or manipulated, providing a high level of integrity to the voting process. Additionally, the system emphasizes transparent result tallying. The decentralized nature of blockchain technology allows for the public verification of votes, enabling anyone to audit the voting process. This transparency enhances trust among voters, as it provides them with the ability to independently verify the accuracy of the election results. Overall, the proposed online voting system, empowered by blockchain technology, offers a transparent, secure and tamper-resistant solution for conducting elections. By leveraging the benefits of blockchain, such as decentralization and immutability, the system addresses the challenges faced by traditional voting systems and provides a more reliable and trustworthy platform for the democratic process. It has the potential to enhance the integrity of elections, increase voter turnout, and foster trust in the electoral system.
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Babu, Mr P. Hari. "Block Chain Based Voting System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 3 (2025): 1730–38. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.67608.
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This project aims to create a blockchain-based model that addresses key challenges in digital voting. The goal is to develop a secure and transparent system that eliminates common issues such as delays in result announcements, voter identity verification concerns, and security risks [1]. Voting is the backbone of any democracy, and ensuring its integrity is crucial. Traditional digital voting systems often face problems like fraud, manipulation, and lack of transparency. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and tamper-proof nature, offers a promising solution. It functions as a distributed ledger that records transactions securely in a peer-to-peer network, making it nearly impossible to alter past data [2]. This technology brings several benefits to voting, including decentralization, security, transparency, immutability, and voter anonymity [3]. A major highlight of this project is the integration of blockchain with smart contracts, which adds an extra layer of security and automation to the voting process [4]. The system is designed to work on the Ethereum blockchain, using smart contracts written in Solidity and accessed through blockchain wallets [5]. By eliminating the need for a central authority to oversee elections, this approach ensures a fair and transparent voting process where every vote is securely recorded and cannot be tampered with [6]. In essence, this project reimagines digital voting by leveraging blockchain’s strengths, making elections more secure, efficient, and trustworthy.
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Channarayapatna, Mullegowda Rakshitha, Nirmala Hiremani, Mahantesh Birje, and Ramaswamy Nataraj Kanathur. "A novel smart contract based blockchain with sidechain for electronic voting." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 1 (2024): 617–30. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i1.pp617-630.
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Several countries have been researching digital voting methods in order to overcome the challenges of paper balloting and physical voting. The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has compelled the remote implementation of existing systems and procedures. Online voting will ultimately become the norm just like unified payments interface (UPI) payments and online banking. With digital voting or electronic voting (e-voting) a small bug can cause massive vote rigging. E-voting must be honest, exact, safe, and simple. E-voting is vulnerable to malware, which can disrupt servers. Blockchain’s end-to-end validation solves these problems. Three smart contracts-voter, candidate, and voting-are employed. The problem of fraudulent actions is addressed using vote coins. Vote coins indicate voter status. Sidechain technology complements blockchain. Sidechains improve blockchain functionality by performing operations outside of blockchains and delivering the results to the mainchain. Thus, storing the encrypted vote on the sidechain and using the decrypted result on the mainchain reduces cost. Building access control policies to grant only authorized users’ access to the votes for counting is made simpler by this authorization paradigm. Results of the approach depict the proposed e-voting system improves system security agains
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Kotwal, Jay. "Digital Voting Application using Blockchain Technology." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem32302.
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Building a secure electronic voting system that offers the fairness and privacy of current voting schemes, while providing the transparency and flexibility offered by electronic systems has been a challenge for a long time. The development of a robust and secure evoting system is crucial to ensure the integrity and authenticity of electoral processes. In this context, the integration of blockchain technology with face detection and Aadhar card verification presents an innovative solution. This system combines the power of blockchain's immutability and transparency with biometric authentication through face recognition and Aadhar card validation. By leveraging blockchain, the system can maintain a tamper-proof ledger of votes, ensuring their verifiability and integrity. The incorporation of face detection and Aadhar card verification enhances security by ensuring that only eligible voters can participate, thereby reducing the risk of fraudulent voting. This abstract introduces a novel e-voting system that promises to enhance the trust and reliability of the electoral process through blockchain technology, face detection, and Aadhar card authentication. Key Words: Blockchain, Electronic Voting System and Evoting, face recognisition.
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Shevtekar, Prof Sumit, and Varad Kalambarkar. "Blockchain Based E-Voting and Electoral Fraud Detection." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 10 (2023): 2019–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.56370.
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Abstract: By focusing on its applicability in the identification and mitigation of electoral fraud, this review article investigates the potential value of blockchain technology in enhancing the integrity of electronic voting (e-voting) systems. It is more important than ever to safeguard the legitimacy and security of democratic processes as e-voting becomes more popular worldwide. Blockchain offers a promising way to strengthen confidence and transparency in electronic voting because of its decentralized organization and immutable record. This review analyzes blockchain’s potential for detecting and preventing electoral fraud, explains its benefits and drawbacks, and supports its viability with relevant case studies. This work adds to the continuing conversation about robust and durable e-voting systems by combining existing studies.
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Dabholkar, Adwait, and Dr Pravin Gundalwar. "Blockchain in Voting." IJARCCE 8, no. 6 (2019): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17148/ijarcce.2019.8602.
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W., Ancy Breen, Kakkar Anmol, Kaushik Arnav, and Bhattacharjee Siddhartha. "Blockchain Voting System." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT) 9, no. 11 (2024): 1709–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14275154.
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The blockchain voting system provides a revolutionary response to issues with load management, cost, security, and scalability that plague conventional election procedures. Blockchain, in contrast to traditional systems, offers a decentralized, transparent, and unchangeable platform that can manage high voter participation, which makes it perfect for populous nations like India. Voter manipulation is prevented by the system's use of cryptography to secure voter anonymity and data integrity. Because it is decentralized, there are no single points of failure, which improves security. Enabling remote voting lowers the requirement for actual polling places and human involvement while simultaneously boosting voter turnout and cost efficiency. Real-time voter list updates, shared scaling techniques for dependable performance, and wallet-based voting with distinct Vote IDs for fraud prevention are some of the salient features.All transactions are transparent and verifiable, ensuring transparency, security, and confidence. This blockchain-based method improves accessibility and fortifies democratic processes by providing a scalable, secure, and affordable option for contemporary elections.
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Saba Abdulbaqi Salman, Sufyan Al-Janabi, and Ali Makki Sagheer. "Security Attacks on E-Voting System Using Blockchain." Iraqi Journal For Computer Science and Mathematics 4, no. 2 (2023): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.52866/ijcsm.2023.02.02.016.
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Electronic voting has become popular in democratic countries, and thus the cyber security of this system is demanded. In this paper, some attacks were made on a proposed electronic election model based on blockchain technology, where the impact of each attack (Sybil, DDoS, Eclipse, Selfish mining, 51% attack) was calculated, and the time in which it achieved 51% of the attack was calculated. In this study, we investigate of Blockchain technology’s attack surface, focusing on general blockchains. The following factors show how these attacks have an impact on the proposed model: 1) The cryptographic architecture of the Blockchain. 2) The distributed architecture of systems using Blockchain. 3) The Blockchain application context. For each of these factors, we identify several attacks, including selfish mining, 51% attack, sybil attacks, eclipse attacks, distributed denial-of-service (DDos) attacks, consensus delay (due to selfish behavior or distributed denial-of-service attacks), blockchain forks, orphan blocks, block swallowing, wallet theft, smart contract attacks, and privacy attacks.
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Nayaka, Raghavendra. "Enhancing Trust and Security in E-Voting: A Comprehensive Review of Blockchain and NFC Integration." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 4 (2024): 5467–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.61170.
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Abstract: This paper provides a thorough review of how the integration of blockchain and Near Field Communication (NFC) enhances trust and security in electronic voting (E-Voting) systems. Examining the strengths of blockchain's transparency and NFC's secure authentication, the study explores real-world applications, revealing practical advantages and challenges. The synergy between these technologies is emphasized, showcasing their collective potential to reinforce the integrity of E-Voting. Security measures and privacy considerations are addressed, concluding with insights into current challenges, future prospects, and the overall impact on trustworthy electronic voting systems. This concise review aims to inform researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in the dynamic intersection of blockchain, NFC, and electoral processes.
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Daramola, Olawande, and Darren Thebus. "Architecture-Centric Evaluation of Blockchain-Based Smart Contract E-Voting for National Elections." Informatics 7, no. 2 (2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics7020016.
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E-voting is one of the valid use cases of blockchain technology with many blockchain e-voting systems already proposed. But efforts that focus on critical analysis of blockchain e-voting architectures for national elections from stakeholders’ perspectives are mostly lacking in the literature. Therefore, government decision-makers and election stakeholders do not yet have a sufficient basis to understand the potential risks, challenges, and prospects that are associated with blockchain e-voting. This paper demonstrates how the use of the Architecture Trade-off Analysis Method (ATAM) can enable stakeholders in national elections to understand the risks, prospects, and challenges that could be associated with a blockchain e-voting system for national elections. By using a study context of South Africa, a proposed blockchain e-voting architecture was used as a basis to aid election stakeholders to reason on the concept of blockchain e-voting to get them to understand the potential risks, security threats, critical requirements attributes, and weaknesses that could be associated with using blockchain e-voting for national elections. The study found that blockchain e-voting can prevent many security attacks, internal vote manipulation, and promote transparency. However, voter validation and the security of the blockchain architecture are potential weaknesses that will need significant attention.
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MA, Revanth, S. Nischal, Shreyas Karnik, Shridhar BG, and Ashwini SP. "A Survey on Decentralized Voting System Using Blockchain Technology." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 12 (2024): 1854–57. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.66092.
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Abstract: A decentralized voting system utilizing blockchain technology offers a transformative approach to traditional election processes. This innovative method addresses several challenges, including low voter turnout, security vulnerabilities, lack of transparency, potential vote tampering, and delays in result processing. This paper focuses on the design and development of a smart contract-based online voting system, leveraging the Ethereum blockchain as its foundation. The proposed system eliminates the necessity for intermediaries by utilizing blockchain's immutable and distributed ledger, thereby securing votes and facilitating a fully auditable voting process. Smart contracts are employed to automate voter registration, ballot generation, and vote counting, which helps minimize errors and enhance operational efficiency. Furthermore, the Ethereum network enforces a one-vote-per-voter policy through the Gas token mechanism, effectively preventing duplicate voting and ensuring the integrity of elections. A proof-of-concept application is presented and tested with simulated voting data, demonstrating the system's capability to maintain anonymity while ensuring the integrity of the voting process. This research highlights the potential of blockchain technology to bolster voter confidence, increase participation, and reduce election costs.
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Shivaji, Godawale, Deshmukh Prashant, Pisal Mahadeo, and Jadhavrao Swapnil. "Reinforcing Democratic Integrity: Leveraging Blockchain for Securing Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in Political Elections." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research S6, no. 22 (2025): 377–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15501948.
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<em>The integrity of democratic elections is paramount, yet vulnerabilities in Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) raise concerns about security and trust. Blockchain technology offers a promising solution by introducing decentralization, immutability, and transparency to electoral systems. This paper explores how blockchain can enhance EVM security, mitigate risks of tampering, and restore voter confidence. By reviewing the latest advancements and real-world applications of blockchain in voting systems, this research evaluates its feasibility and challenges. The findings highlight blockchain's potential to revolutionize electoral processes while addressing legal, technical, and political implications.</em>
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Akkalkot, Prof Afsha, Parth Vijaykumar Lashkare, Hemant Patel, and Dharmendrasingh Rajpurohit. "Secured E-voting System using Blockchain Technology." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (2023): 4064–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51183.
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Abstract: The emergence of blockchain technology has paved the way for the development of secured e-voting systems that are transparent, immutable, and tamper-proof. In this survey report, we examine the current trends and future prospects of using blockchain technology for e-voting. We begin by exploring the key features of blockchain technology, including distributed ledger, cryptographic security, and decentralized consensus mechanisms. Next, we discuss the benefits of using blockchain technology for e-voting, including voter anonymity, transparent voting process, and immutable voting records. To gain a better understanding of the current state of the field, we conducted a survey of recent literature on blockchain-based e-voting systems. The survey covers research articles, white papers, and conference proceedings published in the last five years. We analyzed the data using statistical software and present our findings on the most commonly used consensus algorithms, cryptographic techniques, and blockchain architectures in e-voting systems. Our survey also highlights the challenges facing the adoption of blockchain-based e-voting systems, including scalability, usability, and regulatory issues. We conclude by discussing the future prospects of blockchain-based e-voting systems and identifying the areas that require further research and development. Overall, this survey report provides valuable insights into the current trends and future prospects of using blockchain technology for e-voting, and will be useful for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners working in this field.
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Taş, Ruhi, and Ömer Özgür Tanrıöver. "A Systematic Review of Challenges and Opportunities of Blockchain for E-Voting." Symmetry 12, no. 8 (2020): 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12081328.
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A blockchain is a distributed, digitized and consensus-based secure information storage mechanism. The present article provides an overview of blockchain based e-voting systems. The primary purpose of this review is to study the up-to-date state of blockchain-based voting research along with associated possible challenges while aiming to forecast future directions. The methodology applied in the review is a systematic review approach. Following an introduction to the basic structure and features of the blockchain in relation to e-voting, we provide a conceptual description of the desired blockchain-based e-voting application. Symmetrical and asymmetrical cryptography improvements play a key role in developing blockchain systems. We have extracted and reviewed 63 research papers from scientific databases that have advised the adoption of the blockchain framework to voting systems. These articles indicate that blockchain-supported voting systems may provide different solutions than traditional e-voting. We classified the main prevailing issues into the five following categories: general, integrity, coin-based, privacy and consensus. As a result of this research, it was determined that blockchain systems can provide solutions to certain problems that prevail in current election systems. On the other hand, privacy protection and transaction speed are most frequently emphasized problems in blockchain applications. Security of remote participation and scalability should be improved for sustainable blockchain based e-voting. It was concluded that frameworks needed enhancements in order to be used in voting systems due to these reservations.
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Gokul, Mr C. "Blockchain-Based Distributed Electronic Voting System Ensuring Privacy and Integrity through Smart Contracts." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 5 (2025): 5189–92. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.71401.
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Traditional voting systems face significant challenges, including susceptibility to fraud, lack of transparency, and privacy concerns. Centralized electronic voting systems, while improving accessibility, often suffer from vulnerabilities such as tampering, single points of failure, and insufficient auditability. This project proposes a blockchain-based distributed electronic voting system that leverages smart contracts to ensure voter privacy, ballot integrity, and decentralized verification. The system employs cryptographic techniques such as zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) to anonymize voter identities while maintaining a verifiable audit trail on an immutable blockchain ledger. Smart contracts automate vote tallying, enforce voting rules (e.g., eligibility checks, one-vote-per- voter), and ensure tamper-proof execution of electoral processes. A permissioned blockchain network enhances scalability and reduces energy consumption compared to public blockchains. The system also incorporates multi-factor voter authentication and end- to-end encryption to safeguard against unauthorized access. By decentralizing control and enabling real-time transparency, this solution addresses critical flaws in existing systems, reduces electoral fraud, and strengthens public trust in democratic processes. The proposed architecture is implemented using Hyperledger Fabric for blockchain operations and Ethereum-based smart contracts, ensuring high performance, security, and compliance with electoral regulations.
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Mannonov, Kamoliddin Murodjon ugli, and Seunghwan Myeong. "Citizens’ Perception of Blockchain-Based E-Voting Systems:Focusing on TAM." Sustainability 16, no. 11 (2024): 4387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16114387.
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Digital transformation and new technologies have made people’s lives easier and led to great results in most areas of business and society. Implementing blockchain technology is one of the best tools for establishing sustainable smart cities and societies. In terms of sustainable governance sophisticated and secure voting systems are necessary to achieve high integrity and transparency and null election fraud, and, in environmental sustainability, e-voting systems eliminate the mass waste of paper and transportation gas emissions; namely, e-voting systems are eco-friendly with high democratic outcomes. Blockchain technology can revolutionize e-voting by increasing the security and transparency of the voting process. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into blockchain-based e-voting systems further augments their effectiveness. AI algorithms can analyze voting patterns and detect irregularities, supporting the prevention of fraudulent activities and coercion. ML procedures can enhance voter authentication processes, improve accessibility for diverse demographics, and optimize the productivity of blockchain networks during peak voting periods. This study focuses on understanding citizen perceptions of blockchain-based e-voting in a smart city context using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The study’s results indicate that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are important factors in determining citizens’ intentions to use blockchain-based e-voting. Furthermore, trust in the technology and perceived security were found to influence the usefulness of blockchain-based e-voting positively. This study provides important insights for policymakers and technologists seeking to promote the adoption of blockchain-based e-voting systems in smart cities. The findings of the research supported the research model with positive results. In conclusion, our research model encourages the adoption of a blockchain-based e-voting system to enhance the future voting environment.
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Akkalot, Prof Afsha, Parth Vijaykumar Lashkare, Hemant Patel, and Dharmendrasingh Rajpurohit. "Secured E-voting System Using Blockchain Technology." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (2023): 5921–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52849.
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Abstract: The emergence of blockchain technology has paved the way for the development of secured e-voting systems that are transparent, immutable, and tamper-proof. In this survey report, we examine the current trends and future prospects of using blockchain technology for e-voting. We begin by exploring the key features of blockchain technology, including distributed ledger, cryptographic security, and decentralized consensus mechanisms. Next, we discuss the benefits of using blockchain technology for e-voting, including voter anonymity, transparent voting process, and immutable voting records. To gain a better understanding of the current state of the field, we conducted a survey of recent literature on blockchain-based evoting systems. The survey covers research articles, white papers, and conference proceedings published in the last five years. We analysed the data using statistical software and present our findings on the most commonly used consensus algorithms, cryptographic techniques, and blockchain architectures in e-voting systems. Our survey also highlights the challenges facing the adoption of blockchain-based e-voting systems, including scalability, usability, and regulatory issues. We conclude by discussing the future prospects of blockchain-based e-voting systems and identifying the areas that require further research and development. Overall, this survey report provides valuable insights into the current trends and future prospects of using blockchain technology for e-voting, and will be useful for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners working in this field.
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Khalane, Prof Sushmita, Bharat Tupe, Priyesh Patil, Shubham Bhardwaj, and Mangesh Wagh. "Survey on Decentralized Democracy: Blockchain Voting System." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 11 (2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem26786.
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Voting is a fundamental pillar of democracy, but traditional voting systems face numerous challenges, including concerns related to security, transparency, and accessibility. In recent years, blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution to revolutionize the voting process. By leveraging the inherent characteristics of blockchain technology, a blockchain-based voting system can enhance the integrity and trustworthiness of the voting process. Blockchain-based voting systems offer several key features and benefits. One of the main advantages is the security and immutability of voter data, which makes it virtually impossible to tamper with or manipulate. Each vote is recorded as a transaction on the blockchain, creating a transparent and auditable ledger that can be accessed by all stakeholders. This eliminates the need for intermediaries such as government agencies or third-party voting providers, reducing the risk of interference and tampering. Another advantage of blockchain-based voting systems is increased accessibility. Remote and mobile voting can help improve voter turnout and participation, especially for individuals who may have difficulty accessing traditional polling stations. Moreover, blockchain technology can maintain the anonymity of voters while ensuring the verifiability of their choices, which guarantees the privacy of their decisions. Despite these benefits, challenges persist, including concerns about identity verification and cybersecurity. Addressing these issues is crucial for the widespread adoption of blockchain-based voting systems. In conclusion, a blockchain-based voting system has the potential to transform the way elections are conducted by providing a secure, efficient, and transparent platform that empowers citizens and strengthens the democratic process. As the technology continues to evolve, it is essential to address its limitations while harnessing its advantages to build a more robust and inclusive electoral system. Keywords: Blockchain, voting, election, decentralized, secure, transparency, immutability, privacy.
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Al-Rawy, Mahmoud, and Atilla Elci. "Secure i-Voting Scheme with Blockchain Technology and Blind Signature." Journal of Digital Science, no. 1 (December 22, 2019): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33847/2686-8296.1.1_1.
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In the last four years, blockchain technology affected largely all aspects of our lives. Blockchain started to launch a new technological revolution of storing digital transactions over the Internet, verifying the authenticity, licensing and providing the highest degree of security and encryption. Blockchain usage started with digital currency then its implementation extended to many industries such as voting, health records, copywriters, real estates and so on. However, it is time to upgrade the election scenario from practicing paper-based elections to use modern technologies in order to facilitate our lives. The fact that the blockchain technology has demonstrated almost infinite immutability and high resistance against hacking, lends credit to employ it in securing election data from fraud by saving every single piece of data, record or transaction with unchangeable history. In this paper, we propose and test implement a robust online voting system based on blockchain in order to prevent election forgery and ease the voting process for citizens. The essence of our research lies in abandoning alterable traditional databases and replacing them with two private blockchains that use the peer-to-peer network. Along with the blockchains, we utilized blind signature to maintain vote/voter privacy in order to safeguard voter eligibility validation against manipulation and forgery. Lastly, we discuss a threat model, and suggest solutions overcome it; we also suggest a solution to identity impersonation and vote-selling problems.
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B, Sujatha, Ganesh Yarrampati, Leelavathy N, et al. "Blockchain-Powered E-Voting: A Novel Approach to Secure Voter Authentication, Online Voting and Election Automation." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 17, no. 47 (2024): 4948–58. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v17i47.3573.
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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> A blockchain-based E-Voting system shall be designed to secure and make transparent voting through biometric and facial recognition for voter authentication with the help of smart contracts to automate electoral processes.<strong> Methods:</strong> The research used the Ethereum blockchain technology with smart contracts to automatically schedule elections, register voters, and declare election results. Volunteers controlled information relating to the voter, which included name, email address, phone number, biometrics, and facial images. All this was available for authenticated access. The IPFS contained all this for decentralized and immutable record-keeping. <strong>Findings:</strong> This E-Voting system is therefore proposed based on enhancing the security as well as the transparency brought about in the electoral processes. Using smart contracts that are developed with Ethereum prevents manipulation and provides integrity regarding data. Studies show the IPFS storage system leads to complete decentralization together with immutability-a critical flaw seen in systems of traditional voting. One can ensure the participation will be done by only voters who are verified, much improvement compared to the level of reliability as well as integrity offered through the various methods applied within the current electoral processes. These study results reinforce blockchain's effectiveness in ensuring that voting applications are secure as well as tamper-proof.<strong> Novelty:</strong> A blockchain and IPFS-based secure, decentralized voting solution to maintain data integrity and transparency. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Blockchain, E-Voting, Secure Voter Authentication, Smart Contracts, Online Voting, Election Automation
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Shaikh, Abdul, Naresh Adhikari, Amril Nazir, Abdul Salam Shah, Saranjam Baig, and Hafedh Al Shihi. "Blockchain-enhanced electoral integrity: a robust model for secure digital voting systems in Oman." F1000Research 14 (April 28, 2025): 223. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.160087.2.
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Background Ensuring the security and trustworthiness of a digitized and automated electoral process remains a significant challenge in democratic systems. As digital voting systems are increasingly being investigated worldwide, ensuring the integrity of the process using robust security measures is of great importance. This paper presents a simplified model to enhance electoral integrity by leveraging Blockchain technology in the context of Oman’s digital voting system. The model uses Blockchain technology to create a secure and trustworthy voting environment, addressing key vulnerabilities in digital electoral systems. Methods The research utilized a quantitative approach, employing an experimental design methodology using open-source software to simulate voting systems. Synthetic population data is used to operate these systems, while advanced biometric authentication technologies verify voter identities. Blockchain technology is leveraged to ensure secure vote recording, with smart contracts used to authenticate voters and securely record votes. Additionally, synchronous transactions are executed for both voter registration and voting processes, enhancing the overall security and efficiency of the system. Results The experimental results show that Blockchain enhances electoral integrity and security in Oman’s voting system, improving elections’ transparency and reliability. The performance evaluation of the model focuses on efficiency, reliability, and scalability metrics. Asynchronous transactions are utilized to improve processing time for voter registration and voting. Election administrators can manage, monitor, and certify election results, while Ethereum nodes ensure decentralized verification and transparency in the voting process. Conclusion This research offers insights for policymakers to consider Blockchain for electoral reforms, addressing issues like data integrity, fraud prevention, and transparency to boost voter trust. A strong regulatory framework and public awareness are crucial for successful implementation. Pilot projects are needed to assess Blockchain’s practical impact. Oman could lead global innovation in electoral technology, though infrastructure and public resistance challenges must be managed.
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Shaikh, Abdul, Naresh Adhikari, Amril Nazir, Abdul Salam Shah, Saranjam Baig, and Hafedh Al Shihi. "Blockchain-enhanced electoral integrity: a robust model for secure digital voting systems in Oman." F1000Research 14 (February 19, 2025): 223. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.160087.1.
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Background Ensuring the security and trustworthiness of a digitized and automated electoral process remains a significant challenge in democratic systems. As digital voting systems are increasingly being investigated around the world, ensuring the integrity of the process using robust security measures is of great importance. This paper presents a simplified model to enhance electoral integrity by leveraging Blockchain technology in the context of Oman’s digital voting system. The model uses Blockchain technology to create a secure and trustworthy voting environment, addressing key vulnerabilities in digital electoral systems. Methods The research utilized a quantitative approach, employing an experimental design methodology using open-source software to simulate voting systems. Synthetic population data is utilized for operating these systems, while advanced biometric authentication technologies are used to verify voter identities. Blockchain technology is leveraged to ensure secure vote recording, with smart contracts used to authenticate voters and securely record votes. Additionally, synchronous transactions are executed for both voter registration and voting processes, enhancing the overall security and efficiency of the system. Results The experimental results shows that Blockchain enhances electoral integrity and security in Oman voting system, improves transparency and reliability in elections. The performance evaluation of the model focuses on efficiency, reliability, and scalability metrics. Asynchronous transactions are utilized to improve processing time for voter registration and voting. Election administrators can manage, monitor, and certify election results, while Ethereum nodes ensure decentralized verification and transparency in the voting process. Conclusion This research offers insights for policymakers to consider Blockchain for electoral reforms, addressing issues like data integrity, fraud prevention, and transparency to boost voter trust. A strong regulatory framework and public awareness are crucial for successful implementation. Pilot projects are needed to assess Blockchain’s practical impact. Oman could lead global innovation in electoral technology, though infrastructure and public resistance challenges must be managed.
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Sudarshan, Arvind, Chatane Shree Atul, Eksambekar Yash Sagar, Gadkari Gaurav Sudhir, and Snehal S. Kolte. "Survey on Blockchain Technology and its application in Electoral Voting System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 11 (2022): 1982–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47752.
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Abstract: Blockchain technology can be used in the E-voting system to conduct a fair election and reduce injustice. The physical voting systems have many flaws in it as well as the digital voting systems are not perfect enough to be implemented on a large scale. This paper presents an overview of Blockchain based voting systems. The proposed platform will provide a framework that can be implemented to conduct voting activity digitally through blockchain. Our proposed system will use a flexible blockchain with consensus algorithms. The Chain security algorithm used in makes voting transactions more secure and integrated.
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AlAbri, Raya, Abdul Khalique Shaikh, Saqib Ali, and Ali Hamad Al-Badi. "Designing an E-Voting Framework Using Blockchain Technology." International Journal of Electronic Government Research 18, no. 2 (2022): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijegr.298203.
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Blockchain technology provides a stable spot in electronic voting systems by providing a transparent platform for an election which prevents the failures faced by the traditional electronic voting systems and makes it a more accurate and secure platform for voting. However, little attention has been paid to the possible impacts of new technological disruptions on politics and the electoral systems. The main goal of this paper is to design a framework for electronic voting systems using Blockchain technology. To achieve this goal, the paper outlines these three objectives: (1) to explore and identify the challenges in existing voting systems, (2) to identify the methods that could enhance the security and privacy of the electoral voting systems using Blockchain technology, and (3) to design a framework for electronic voting systems that use Blockchain technology in order to address the flaws in current voting systems. A mixed approach is applied in this study to explore the opportunities and challenges of the Blockchain voting system, and design the framework accordingly.
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B, Prof Shobha. "E-Voting Using Blockchain." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem34422.
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In this paper, we have understood the drawbacks of traditional voting systems, like scams, misuse of voter information, lack of security, changing of votes on the ballot machine, and lack of authenticity of the voter. This paper provides a web-based e-voting system that utilizes blockchain technology and provides a safe, open, and auditable platform for e-voting by utilizing the decentralized and unchangeable features associated with blockchain technology. The e-voting method allows users to vote without having to physically visit the polling booth. .E-voting allows for more convenient ways of capturing and the counting votes in election process. Key Words: E-Voting system, Meta-mask, Ethereum, Blockchain Technology, Ganache, Smart Contract.
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Kuteynikov, D. L. "Peculiarities of Application of Technologies of Distributed Registers and Blockchain (Blockchain) for the Popular Vote." Actual Problems of Russian Law, no. 9 (October 5, 2019): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.106.9.041-052.
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The modernization of democratic institutions has been greatly influenced by the intensive development of technology. Various innovations in the field of digital communications have affected a rather traditional sphere of popular votings. The widespread introduction of the distributed ledger technology has enormously changed approaches to organizing them. Distributed registers gained the widest popularity after the technology of the chain of blocks (blockchain) was introduced. Despite the fact that initially this technology was considered exclusively as an element of the development of information, and later financial technologies, at the present stage it is gradually becoming increasingly common in other areas of human activity due to a high degree of security and confidentiality. The paper deals in detail with the world practice concerning using this technology in popular voting. Also, the author analizes the technical solutions applied in the most actively developing projects aimed at developing a software used to conduct electronic voting with the use of blockchain technology. The article investigates some problems of voting with the use of blockchain technology, such as identification and secrecy of the vote.
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Sharp, Matthew, Laurent Njilla, Chin-Tser Huang, and Tieming Geng. "Blockchain-Based E-Voting Mechanisms: A Survey and a Proposal." Network 4, no. 4 (2024): 426–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/network4040021.
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Advancements in blockchain technology and network technology are bringing in a new era in electronic voting systems. These systems are characterized by enhanced security, efficiency, and accessibility. In this paper, we compose a comparative analysis of blockchain-based electronic voting (e-voting) systems using blockchain technology, cryptographic techniques, counting methods, and security requirements. The core of the analysis involves a detailed examination of blockchain-based electronic voting systems, focusing on the variations in architecture, cryptographic techniques, vote counting methods, and security. We also introduce a novel blockchain-based e-voting system, which integrates advanced methodologies, including the Borda count and Condorcet method, into e-voting systems for improved accuracy and representation in vote tallying. The system’s design features a flexible and amendable blockchain structure, ensuring robustness and security. Practical implementation on a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ demonstrates the system’s feasibility and adaptability in diverse environments. Our study of the evolution of e-voting systems and the incorporation of blockchain technology contributes to the development of secure, transparent, and efficient solutions for modern democratic governance.
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Vignesh Poornachandran. "SECURING THE VOTE: LEVERAGING ANOMALY DETECTION IN BLOCKCHAIN SYSTEMS." International Journal of Engineering Research and Sustainable Technologies (IJERST) 2, no. 4 (2024): 19–25. https://doi.org/10.63458/ijerst.v2i4.97.
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E-voting with blockchain technology presents a promising solution to enhance the security, transparency, and efficiency of traditional voting systems. This paper explores the key components and functionalities of blockchain-based e-voting, emphasizing benefits such as decentralized consensus, immutability, and auditability. The process involves voter authentication, encrypted vote submission, blockchain consensus, and transparent record-keeping. However, challenges such as scalability, privacy concerns, and regulatory frameworks must be addressed for widespread adoption. Blockchain-based e-voting has emerged as an innovative approach to transforming electoral systems worldwide. This paper examines its fundamental principles and mechanics, highlighting its potential to resolve long-standing issues like fraud, coercion, and inefficiency in traditional voting methods. Through decentralized architecture and cryptographic techniques, blockchain ensures the integrity, transparency, and security of the voting process. The key stages include voter authentication, encrypted ballot submission, blockchain consensus, and immutable record-keeping. Despite its significant advantages, challenges remain, including scalability, privacy preservation, and regulatory compliance. By overcoming these obstacles, blockchain-based e-voting has the potential to redefine democracy, fostering trust, inclusivity, and integrity in electoral processes worldwide.
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Shukla, Ambuj, Debani Prasad Mishra, Anwesh Pattnaik, and Surender Reddy Salkuti. "Analysis and design on acceptance of blockchain based e-voting system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 33, no. 3 (2024): 1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v33.i3.pp1793-1801.
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Elections are a critical aspect of democratic governance, providing citizens with the power and right to express their views. A secure voting system with innovative features can improve this process. Blockchain technology is considered a disruptive innovation, and its potential for enhancing the e-voting system is significant. The modern voting system is focusing more on blockchain technology to strengthen and secure the process. Blockchain is a reliable, decentralized database that can offer increased security compared to electronic voting machines (EVMs). This research paper presents a detailed study of the design, smart contracts, evaluation of action, and survey on the acceptance of blockchain-based e-voting systems. It examines the requirements for such a system and provides an understanding of the model. As the acceptance of information technology-based services and products increases, future innovation in the e-voting system may depend on blockchain technology. The survey conducted in this paper explores the differences in opinion based on gender, age, and profession among eligible voters from India regarding the acceptance of blockchain technology-based secure e-voting systems. The analysis of these differences sheds light on the potential for blockchain-based e-voting systems to enhance trust and security in the voting process.
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Shukla, Ambuj, Debani Prasad Mishra, Anwesh Pattnaik, and Surender Reddy Salkuti. "Analysis and design on acceptance of blockchain based e-voting system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 33, no. 3 (2024): 1793–801. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v33.i3.pp1793-1801.
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Elections are a critical aspect of democratic governance, providing citizens with the power and right to express their views. A secure voting system with innovative features can improve this process. Blockchain technology is considered a disruptive innovation, and its potential for enhancing the e-voting system is significant. The modern voting system is focusing more on blockchain technology to strengthen and secure the process. Blockchain is a reliable, decentralized database that can offer increased security compared to electronic voting machines (EVMs). This research paper presents a detailed study of the design, smart contracts, evaluation of action, and survey on the acceptance of blockchain-based e-voting systems. It examines the requirements for such a system and provides an understanding of the model. As the acceptance of information technology-based services and products increases, future innovation in the e-voting system may depend on blockchain technology. The survey conducted in this paper explores the differences in opinion based on gender, age, and profession among eligible voters from India regarding the acceptance of blockchain technology-based secure e-voting systems. The analysis of these differences sheds light on the potential for blockchain-based e-voting systems to enhance trust and security in the voting process.
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Datta, Mahesh, Pipavath Rishitha, Phani Vardhan, Premkumar Chithaluru, J. Himabinduand, and R. Vijaya Lakshmi. "Voting System Based On Blockchain Technology." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 6, no. 5 (2025): 9874–85. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.6.0525.1860.
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Riza Chakim, Mochamad Heru, Aliyah, M. Adhit Dwi Yuda, Rifqi Fahrudin, and Dwi Apriliasari. "Secure and Transparent Elections: Exploring Decentralized Electronic Voting on P2P Blockchain." ADI Journal on Recent Innovation (AJRI) 5, no. 1Sp (2023): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/ajri.v5i1sp.959.
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Voting is one of the methods used by humans to determine decisions in a case. Along with the development of technology, conventional voting also follows the transformation in the adaptation of the current digital era. There is an electronic version of this voting which is often called e-voting (electronic voting). Of course, the application of technology in voting will raise public opinion about concerns about maintaining network privacy and security in e-voting. Of course, security problems can be overcome with technology that is currently being utilized optimally in various fields of life, namely blockchain technology. In enhancing e-voting security, blockchain will be used in P2P networks. The application of the blockchain system in e-voting will produce a safe e-voting system so that it can reduce the percentage of forgery of votes in the e-voting system. Implementing a blockchain-based e-voting system will involve 3 elements, namely cryptography, software engineering theory, and voting theory. In realizing blockchain-based e-voting, several stages are needed. (1) vote counterfeiting is avoided by adjusting the voting recording model based on ledger technology, (2) in terms of authentication, this technology is equipped with elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) based user model design, (3) providing a model designed for voters to change their vote before the specified time limit. The integration of these three designs is an important requirement in the e-voting process, proving and verifying a blockchain-based e-voting system in a P2P network that has been designed on linux.
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Mccorry, Patrick, Maryam Mehrnezhad, Ehsan Toreini, Siamak F. Shahandashti, and Feng Hao. "On Secure E-Voting over Blockchain." Digital Threats: Research and Practice 2, no. 4 (2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3461461.
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This article discusses secure methods to conduct e-voting over a blockchain in three different settings: decentralized voting, centralized remote voting, and centralized polling station voting. These settings cover almost all voting scenarios that occur in practice. A proof-of-concept implementation for decentralized voting over Ethereum’s blockchain is presented. This work demonstrates the suitable use of a blockchain not just as a public bulletin board but, more importantly, as a trustworthy computing platform that enforces the correct execution of the voting protocol in a publicly verifiable manner. We also discuss scaling up a blockchain-based voting application for national elections. We show that for national-scale elections the major verifiability problems can be addressed without having to depend on any blockchain. However, a blockchain remains a viable option to realize a public bulletin board, which has the advantage of being a “preventive” measure to stop retrospective changes on previously published records as opposed to a “detective” measure like the use of mirror websites. CCS Concepts: • Security and privacy ;
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Madke, Nilesh B., Arvindkumar Prajapati, Gaurav Chaudhari, Sanket Sonawane, and Vaibhav Patil. "Online Voting System Using Blockchain: A Secure and Transparent Approach." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 11 (2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem38536.
Full textAbstract:
Blockchain technology has emerged as a viable solution for secure and transparent digital voting systems. Traditional voting systems, particularly online voting mechanisms, are often vulnerable to security risks such as hacking, tampering, and vote manipulation. Furthermore, maintaining voter anonymity and ensuring data integrity are significant challenges. Blockchain, with its distributed and immutable ledger, offers potential solutions by providing a secure and decentralized approach to recording votes. This paper explores the architecture, implementation, and advantages of a blockchain-based online voting system that leverages the security features of blockchain technology to improve the voting process. By utilizing cryptographic principles and decentralized data storage, the system enhances transparency, reduces fraud risks, and ensures that votes remain immutable. The proposed system includes mechanisms for voter registration, vote casting, and result verification, all of which are secured by smart contracts. Experimental results demonstrate that blockchain can maintain voter anonymity, resist tampering, and provide an auditable voting trail. Additionally, the study discusses challenges in scalability, latency, and regulatory compliance, offering insights into potential improvements and future work. Overall, the research indicates that blockchain based voting has the potential to transform electoral processes, providing a trusted digital voting alternative that aligns with democratic principles. Key Words: Blockchain Technology, Digital Voting, Online Voting Systems, Data Integrity, Transparency, Security, Cryptography, Smart Contracts, Voter Anonymity, Tamper-Resistance, Immutable Ledger, Scalability, Decentralization.
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Srivastava, Utkarsh. "Voter Verification in an Election Using Merkle Tree." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 1 (2025): 389–99. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.66154.
Full textAbstract:
This paper explores a blockchain-based e-voting system aimed at addressing traditional voting challenges, such as vote tampering, delayed results, and privacy issues. The proposed framework leverages Merkle tree structures for secure, efficient data verification and blockchain's distributed ledger to ensure immutability and transparency.