Relevant bibliographies by topics / Blocked forces

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Blocked forces'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 October 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Blocked forces"

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Chen, Keyu, D. W. Herrin, J. R. Baker, et al. "Uncorrelated blocked force determination on plate and shell structures." Noise Control Engineering Journal 68, no. 6 (2020): 511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1/376842.

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Inverse force determination is commonly used to determine input forces when they are not directly measurable. If transfer functions are measured with the source component attached, the inversely determined forces are, by definition, blocked forces. The primary advantage of using blocked forces is that the receiving structure may be modified and blocked forces, in theory, are unchanged. In this research, blocked forces are determined for a plastic engine cover connected to a base plate and a compressor attached to two different structures. At lower frequencies, blocked forces are determined usi
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Herrin, David, and Keyu Chen. "Determination and utilization of blocked forces." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 264, no. 1 (2022): 936–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/nc-2022-843.

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Path analysis approaches rely on measured transfer functions, and measured sources or responses. For vibratory path analysis, the focus is commonly on determining forces that are hard to measure directly. There are three commonly applied strategies: 1) blocked force analysis, 2) pseudo force, and 3) classical transfer path analysis. These three strategies will be surveyed, and then the usefulness of the blocked force approach will be illustrated on two practical examples. Blocked forces are determined using correlated or uncorrelated assumptions for low or high frequencies, respectively. Sugge
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Chen, Keyu, Marcus Hartwig, Duane Buening, and Borg Warner. "Application of Blocked Force Methodology in NVH development of Electrical Machines." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 3 (2021): 3417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2399.

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To determine excitation forces of electrical machines from measurements, Transfer Path Analysis is commonly used. Transfer Path Analysis yields input forces indirectly utilizing measured responses and transfer functions. When conducting transfer function measurement, it is recommended that the source of excitation is mechanically isolated from the receiver structure. However, in practice this is difficult to achieve without affecting the transfer path itself. The concept of the Blocked Force method introduces blocked forces which are independent of the receiver structure, thus allowing measure
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Smither, Matt, and David Herrin. "On the variability of blocked forces determined using an inverse approach." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 269, no. 2 (2024): 859–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/nc_2024_0111.

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Mount force data of motors, fans, and pumps is rarely available from the suppliers. However, manufacturers are beginning to ask for and even require this information from their suppliers. In-situ estimation of these forces can be accomplished using blocked force transfer path analysis. Since these forces are difficult to measure directly, forces are calculated using an inverse approach. A simple case study is considered on a commercial air handler. Blocked forces are determined using different inlet locations and path selections. The consistency of the inversely calculated forces is evaluated.
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Fankhauser, Christoph, and Werner Reinalter. "Geräuschoptimierung elektrischer Antriebe mittels der Blocked-Forces-Methodik." ATZ - Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift 127, no. 7-8 (2025): 16–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s35148-025-2238-7.

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Barton, Lucy. "Prediction of Far-Field Sound Radiation Using Blocked Pressures and Reciprocally Measured Vibro-acoustic Frequency Response Functions." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 1 (2023): 6442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0969.

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In industry, the use of blocked forces for the characterisation of structure borne sound sources is now common practice, whereas the sound power is typically used for airborne sound sources. In principle, it should also be possible to use blocked forces (or blocked pressures) to predict airborne sound radiation using a similar approach and measurement methodology as the in-situ blocked force method. This is achieved by discretising the surface of the source into small unit cells, and measuring the vibration velocity whilst operational. In order to convert these velocities to blocked forces, th
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Braun, William, Vijaya Kumar Ambarisha, and Zhaohui Sun. "Estimation of blocked forces for NVH source characterization of a beam axle using analytical methods." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 269, no. 2 (2024): 637–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/nc_2024_0077.

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Component-Based Transfer Path Analysis (TPA) has been of growing interest recently because, unlike classical TPA, it enables source characterization independent of the receiver structure. The source energy in component TPA is typically characterized by blocked forces. As part of virtual prototyping, OEMs have interest in building a library of component/subsystem models that may be "plugged" into larger system models. For an OEM supplier, it is imperative to have the capability to provide subsystem models along with source energy characterized in component blocked force prior to availability of
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Steinbach, Gregor, David Armstrong, Om P. Kharbanda, Peter Petocz, and M. Ali Darendeliler. "An investigation of the forces used by clinicians to open spaces with coil springs." Australasian Orthodontic Journal 22, no. 2 (2006): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2006-0011.

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Abstract Aims To determine the forces applied by coil springs used to open spaces for blocked out lateral incisors, and to compare the actual forces used with clinicans’ concepts of an ‘ideal’ force. Methods Twelve postgraduate orthodontic students (7M, 5F) and 12 orthodontic tutors (9M, 3F) participated in this study. They were asked to state what they considered was an ideal orthodontic force, and then to cut appropriate lengths of stainless steel and nickel titanium open coil springs to open spaces for blocked out maxillary and mandibular permanent lateral incisors on a typodont set-up. The
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Horbacewicz, Jill. "Effect of Blocked Versus Random Practice on Physical Therapy Students’ Manual Force Modulation." Perceptual and Motor Skills 125, no. 6 (2018): 1173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512518797845.

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This study examined (a) the effect of practice organization on learning to modulate manual force, and (b) the effect of force magnitude on ability to accurately reproduce force. I randomly assigned 52 novice physical therapy students to either blocked or random practice schedules as they learned to apply different manual forces. I tested students immediately after training and one week later, using a three-way mixed design analysis of variance to assess the effects of practice organization (random vs. blocked), test (immediate posttest vs. retention test), and force (high vs. low) on ability t
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Fankhauser, Christoph, and Werner Reinalter. "Noise Optimization of Electric Drives Using the Blocked Forces Method." ATZ worldwide 127, no. 7-8 (2025): 16–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s38311-025-2076-y.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Blocked forces"

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Bala, Srujeeth Khanna. "Estimation of Blocked Forces in an Assembly with Rear Drive Unit as a Source." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302780.

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Experimental validations are widely used for studying dynamic structural behaviors and these studies involve defining the structures completely as being used in real time. While in numerical simulations such detailed features are not specified to ease the computation, thereby deviating from accurate results. Hence experimental validations are more desired in product developments process. Applications of experimental verification for noise and vibration (referred to as NVH inautomotive industry) are expanding over the last few decades. Researchers are exploring ways to predict the responses on
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FREY, SERGIO LUIZ. "FORCED CONVECTION OF A CHANNEL PARTIALLY BLOCKED BY A HEAT DISSIPATING ELEMENT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1986. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=33290@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>No presente trabalho foi realizada uma investigação numérica de um escoamento forçado em um canal plano parcialmente construído por um elemento retangular aquecido com temperatura da parede constante. O elemento tem dimensões fixas e foi estudado em diferentes posições do canal, ao passo que este tem comprimento fixo e largura variável, de modo a obter-se uma razão de aspecto entre 21,8 e 4,0. A faixa investigada do número de Reynolds foi de 100 a 1500, e o número de Prandtl foi fixado em 0,7, a fim de simular escoamento de ar com
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Abohnik, A. A. "In situ blocked force measurement in gearboxes with potential application for condition monitoring." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/46144/.

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The use of gearboxes for power transfer is widespread throughout industry. However, machines today are operating at higher speeds than ever before and gear failures such as wear or tooth breakage is serious and legitimate concerns. Incipient fault detection in gears has thus become the subject of intensive investigation and at this stage of development, there are many competing condition monitoring methods based on vibration signal analysis. This thesis summarizes the research steps taken after a review of (i) current maintenance strategies, (ii) gearbox condition monitoring techniques and gea
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Shah, Shah Syed Bahadur. "Analysis of Block Stability and Evaluating Stiffness Properties." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-57983.

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Block stability is common and has to be studied in detail for designing tunnels. Stability of block depends upon the shape and size of the blocks, stresses around the block and factors such as clamping forces and the ratio between joint stiffness. These factors are studied in detail and are the main objective of this thesis. In this thesis influence of loading and unloading of blocks on joint stiffness and thus on ultimate pullout force are analyzed. Normal stress on the joint plane is linked with shear stiffness of the joint and relaxation of forces. Changes of forces were considered to estim
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Block, Stephan [Verfasser]. "On surface forces and morphology of linear polyelectrolytes physisorbed onto oppositely charged surfaces / Stephan Block." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1010396889/34.

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Ba, Waqash A., M. Sati, D. O. Kostin, and M. Y. Tymkovych. "Hardware development of 2D force feedback device for virtual reality in medicine." Thesis, Харків, ХНУРЕ, 2019. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/8367.

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The development of haptic devices for surgery is an important task. The importance of constructing force-feedback haptic devices for modern medicine is shown. In these theses, a block diagram of such the device is proposed. The next steps are to develop the force feedback device.
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Arani, Sassan Abedi. "Experimental and computational investigation of forced convection cooling of rectangular blocks in a duct." Thesis, University of Bath, 1992. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305056.

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Lundberg, Oskar. "On the influence of surface roughness on rolling contact forces." Doctoral thesis, KTH, MWL Marcus Wallenberg Laboratoriet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-193935.

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Road vehicle tyres, railway wheels and ball bearings all generate rolling contact forces which are transferred within a finite area of contact between the rolling element and the substrate. Either it is visible or not for the human eye, a certain degree of roughness is always present on the contacting surfaces and it influences the generation of both vertical and lateral contactforces. The purpose of this investigation is to enhance the understanding and modelling of the influence from small-scale surface roughness on the generation of rolling contact forces. To this end, a computationally eff
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Kronenberger, Astrid [Verfasser]. "Atomic force microscopy on biomolecular building blocks : protein channels, peptides and vesicles / Astrid Kronenberger." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1034985027/34.

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Xie, Yuan. "Investigation on Road Noise Transmission through Steering System." Thesis, KTH, MWL Marcus Wallenberg Laboratoriet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-224153.

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An investigation on noise transmission through the steering gear system is focused on the area of vehicle NVH (Noise Vibration and Harshness). From previous investigations it is well known that noise transmission through the steering system sometimes has a significant influence referring to tire road noise. In these cases, the interface force between steering gear and vehicle subframe is usually of interest during early stages of vehicle development. The target of the current work is to validate an approach based on a method, commonly known as the “Blocked force method” for noise and vibration
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Books on the topic "Blocked forces"

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1969-, Rudd David, Petruczynik Ewa K. 1977-, Bayley Deborah, and Canadian Institute of Strategic Studies., eds. Beyond the three-block war. Canadian Institute of Strategic Studies, 2006.

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1943-, Davis Paul K., United States. Dept. of Defense. Office of the Secretary of Defense., and Rand Corporation, eds. Finding candidate options for investment: From building blocks to composite options and preliminary screening. Rand Corporation, 2008.

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D, Robinson P., and Victoria. Dept. of Conservation and Environment., eds. Flora and fauna of the Saltpetre Forest Block, North-East Victoria. Dept. of Conservation & Environment, 1992.

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D, Robinson P., and Victoria. Dept. of Conservation and Environment., eds. Flora and fauna of the Saltpetre Forest Block, North-East Victoria. Dept. of Conservation & Environment, 1992.

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1964-, Peacock R. J., ed. Flora and fauna of the Sardine forest block, East Gippsland, Victoria. Dept. of Conservation and Environment, 1992.

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R, Gillespie G., and Victoria. Dept. of Conservation and Environment., eds. Flora and fauna of the Stony Peak and Genoa Forest Blocks, East Gippsland, Victoria. Dept. of Conservation & Environment, 1992.

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R, Gillespie G., and Victoria. Dept. of Conservation and Environment., eds. Flora and fauna of the Stony Peak and Genoa Forest Blocks, East Gippsland, Victoria. Dept. of Conservation & Environment, 1992.

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H, Loyn Richard, and Victoria. Dept. of Conservation and Environment., eds. Flora and fauna of the Cooaggalah Forest Block, East Gippsland, Victoria. Dept. of Conservation & Environment, 1992.

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Turner, L. A. The vegetation of the Sardine, Rich and Ellery forest blocks, Orbost Region, Victoria. Flora Branch, Flora & Fauna Division, Dept. of Conservation & Environment, 1992.

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Institute for Socio-Economic Development (Bhubaneswar, India) and Rengali Multipurpose Project, eds. Report on village based awareness camps in resettled colonies and clusters of Rengali Multipurpose Project in Pallahara block of Angul district. Institute for Socio-Economic Development, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Blocked forces"

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van der Valk, P. L. C., and D. J. Rixen. "Substituting Internal Forces for Blocked Forces or Free Interface Displacements in Substructured Simulations." In Topics in Experimental Dynamic Substructuring, Volume 2. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6540-9_8.

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Moorhouse, A. T., A. S. Elliott, and J. W. R. Meggitt. "Using Blocked Force Data for Vibro-Acoustic Prediction and Simulation." In Dynamics of Coupled Structures, Volume 4. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54930-9_11.

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Chi, Ken, Arash Zakeri, and Bipul Hawlader. "Impact Drag Forces on Pipelines Caused by Submarine Glide Blocks or Out-Runner Blocks." In Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2162-3_38.

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Bren, Leon. "The Fundamental Building Blocks –First Order Catchments." In Forest Hydrology and Catchment Management. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9337-7_3.

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Bren, Leon. "The Fundamental Building Blocks—First-Order Catchments." In Forest Hydrology and Catchment Management. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12840-0_3.

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Roy, Krishna, Asis Giri, and Maibam Romio Singh. "Experimental Investigation of Forced Convective Cooling of Rectangular Blocks." In Advances in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0124-1_62.

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van den Bosch, D. D., M. V. van der Seijs, and D. de Klerk. "Validation of Blocked-Force Transfer Path Analysis with Compensation for Test Bench Dynamics." In Dynamics of Coupled Structures, Volume 1. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04501-6_4.

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Ogawa, Rei. "Ideal Wound Closure Methods for Minimizing Scarring After Surgery." In Textbook on Scar Management. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_21.

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AbstractWound-healing phenomena are the result of a cascade of complex biochemical events that can be categorized into four general overlapping phases: coagulation, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Significantly, all four phases of wound healing are influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanical forces. These mechanical forces provoke chronic inflammation of the dermis, namely, the unceasing influx and activation of inflammatory cells, the persistent generation of blood vessels and nerve fibers, and the constant production of collagen by the activated fibroblasts. This chron
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Otto, Thomas. "Risks and Hazards of Particle Accelerator Technologies." In Safety for Particle Accelerators. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57031-6_2.

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AbstractIn this section, the motivation and operation of particle accelerators are briefly introduced. Then, safety aspects of the key building blocks are treated. Magnets provide the steering forces for accelerated particles. Cryogenics provides the low temperatures required for the operation of superconducting magnets; radiofrequency technologies impart energy to accelerated particles. A byproduct of their operation is Non-ionising radiation. Another type of NIR is represented by lasers which find increasing use in accelerator applications. Finally, collimators shape the particle beams and p
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Durgam, Shankar, Shakkottai Venkateshan, Thirumalachari Sundararajan, Milankumar Nandgaonkar, Pravin D. Sawarkar, and Aaryan Durgam. "Placement of Heated Blocks Under Forced Convection for Enhanced Heat Transfer." In Advances in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3639-7_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Blocked forces"

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Vogt, Matthias, and Marcus Geimer. "An Approach for Evaluating Structure-Borne Noise Emission of Axial Piston Units Using Blocked Forces." In The 19th Scandinavian International Conference on Fluid Power, SICFP'25. River Publishers, 2025. https://doi.org/10.13052/rp-9788743808251a35.

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Smither, Matthew, Zachary Tuyls, Pratik Patel, Xin Yan, and David Herrin. "Indirect Blocked Force Measurement of a Hydraulic Power Pack for Structural Vibration Transmission into an Airframe." In Noise & Vibration Conference & Exhibition. SAE International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4271/2025-01-0052.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Centralization of electrically driven hydraulic power packs into the body of aircraft has increased attention on the noise and vibration characteristics of the system. A hydraulic power pack consists of a pump coupled to an electrical motor, accumulator, reservoir, and associated filter manifolds. In previous studies, the characteristics of radiated acoustic noise and fluid borne noise were studied. In this paper, we focus on the structure-borne forces generated by the hydraulic pump characterized through blocked force m
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Zhang, Jie, and Theo Geluk. "From Measured Road Profile to Tire Blocked Forces for Road Noise Prediction." In Noise and Vibration Conference & Exhibition. SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-1084.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The automotive industry is evolving towards Electrified Vehicles (EV) in the recent years. Compared to the traditional ICE vehicles, tire noise induced by the tire-road interaction, is no longer masked by the internal combustion engine, and therefore becomes one of the most dominant sources of noise within the cabin and acoustic emission perceived by by-standers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Robust source characterization is one of the most important tasks for road noise prediction. The receiver-indep
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MOORHOUSE, A., A. ELLIOTT, and JWR MEGGITT. "USING MEASURED BLOCKED FORCES TO PROVIDE REALISTIC EXCITATION OF VIRTUAL ACOUSTIC PROTOTYPES." In ICSV24 2017. Institute of Acoustics, 2024. https://doi.org/10.25144/23770.

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ZABEL, D., T. ALBER, M. STURM, and A. MOORHOUSE. "INTERNAL TRANSFER PATH ANALYSIS BASED ON IN SITU BLOCKED FORCES AND TRANSMISSIBILITY FUNCTIONS." In ICSV24 2017. Institute of Acoustics, 2024. https://doi.org/10.25144/23908.

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Wang, Shanjin, and Constantin Gagiu. "A Hybrid Method for Characterization and Improvement of NVH Performance of Axle System." In 13th International Styrian Noise, Vibration & Harshness Congress: The European Automotive Noise Conference. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2950.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The axle system is a major contributor for road induced vehicle interior noise. However, it is challenging to characterize the NVH performance of the axle system because it is coupled with both the tire/wheel and the body structure. In this article, we introduce a global approach to control the NVH performance of the axle system. The force transmissibility based on the blocked force concept was defined as the indicator of NVH performance of the axle system. A hybrid method combining test and simulation was developed to a
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Shaw, Matthew D., and Michael J. Grimmer. "Application of Blocked Force Methodology to an Electrified Beam Axle from a Medium-Duty Truck in Vehicle and in a Dynamometer Test Cell." In Noise & Vibration Conference & Exhibition. SAE International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4271/2025-01-0054.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The recent addition of fully electric powertrains to propulsion system options has increased the relevance of sound and vibration from electric motors and gearboxes. Electrified beam axles require different metrics from conventional beam axles for noise and vibration because they have multiple sources of vibration energy, including an electric motor and a reduction gearbox. Improved metrics are also driven by the stiff suspension connections and lack of significant isolation compared to electric drive units. Blocked forc
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Kim, Wheejae, Youngjin Park, and No-Cheol Park. "Analysis of Vibration and Acoustic Response of the Solid State Drive Due to the Vibration of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors With Blocked Force Method." In ASME 2023 32nd Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2023-109220.

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Abstract A multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) vibrates when a pulse signal or a periodic signal is applied due to the piezoelectric characteristics of the MLCC, which causes structural resonance and acoustic noise in the Solid State Drive (SSD). Since MLCC is attached to the SSD through solders, the vibration of MLCC can be treated as a complex input to the SSD in which normal force and moment are combined. If the excitation force and moment of the MLCC can be substituted into simplified nodal forces, the vibration and acoustic noise response of the PCB due to the location and direction of th
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Hushmandi, Narmin Baagherzadeh, Jens E. Fridh, and Torsten H. Fransson. "Unsteady Forces of Rotor Blades in Full and Partial Admission Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22003.

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A Numerical and experimental study of partial admission in a low reaction two-stage axial air test turbine is performed in this paper. In order to model one part load configuration, corresponding to zero flow in one of the admission arcs, the inlet was blocked at one segmental arc, at the leading edge of the first stage guide vanes. Because of the unsymmetrical geometry, the full annulus of the turbine was modeled numerically. The computational domain contained the shroud and disc cavities. The full admission turbine configuration was also modeled for reference comparisons. Computed unsteady f
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Kim, Jungu, Ron Reichart, Dennis de Klerk, et al. "Road Noise Analysis using Component TPA and FBS with Vehicle Component Modifications." In Noise & Vibration Conference & Exhibition. SAE International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4271/2025-01-0055.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Road noise caused by road excitation is a critical factor for vehicle NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) performance. However, assessing the individual contribution of components, particularly bushings, to NVH performance is generally challenging, as automobiles are composed of numerous interconnected parts. This study describes the application of Component Transfer Path Analysis (CTPA) on a full vehicle to provide insights into improving NVH performance. With the aid of Virtual Point Transformation (VPT), blocked for
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Reports on the topic "Blocked forces"

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Bonin, John A. Brigades: Building Blocks for Force XXI. Defense Technical Information Center, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada295855.

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Wang, W., E. Haleplidis, K. Ogawa, C. Li, and J. Halpern. Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Logical Function Block (LFB) Library. RFC Editor, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6956.

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Khasnabish, B., and E. Haleplidis. Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Logical Functional Block (LFB) Subsidiary Management. Edited by J. Hadi Salim. RFC Editor, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc7729.

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Joachimpillai, D., and J. Hadi Salim. Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Inter-FE Logical Functional Block (LFB). RFC Editor, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8013.

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Clarke, Robert S. The Forgotten Building Block: Engineer Operations in the Joint Force. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada405924.

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Brayer, Kenneth. Application of Modular Building Block Databus to Air Force Systems. Defense Technical Information Center, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada198993.

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Pellet, Philippe. Understanding the 2020-2021 Tigray Conflict in Ethiopia : Background, Root Causes, and Consequences. Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2021.39.

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The military offensive unleashed on 4 November, 2020 by the central government in Addis Ababa against the regional state of Tigray is the culmination of escalating tensions between Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, in power since 2018, and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF). Ethiopian federal troops, supported by the military forces of Amhara regional state and the Eritrean army, quickly occupied the main towns in Tigray by late November 2020, but Tigrayan forces retained control of large areas, particularly in the mountainous regions, where fighting continued. An offensive launched in June
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Pinchuk, O. P., and A. A. Prokopenko. Model of a computer-orient-ed methodological system for the development of digital competence of officers of the military administration of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the system of qualification improvement. Національна академія Державної прикордонної служби України імені Б. Хмельницького, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/lib.naes.736836.

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Pedagogical modeling of modern educational environments remains an urgent task of educational sciences. Research on the formation and development of digital competence of specialists, although they have common features, differ and acquire characteristic features depending on the field of application. This is due to the focus on mastering specific professional skills and increasing the professional level. We found out that, compared to the social and humanitarian sphere and medicine, the development of digital competence of specialists in the military and defense industry is little discussed in
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Fabian, Robert A. Force Protection in An Era of Commercially Available Satellite Imagery: Space Blockade as a Possible Solution. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada400933.

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Carrión-Tavárez, Ángel. From NAP to SNAP: A Bridge to Economic Liberty for Residents of Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico Institute for Economic Liberty, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53095/13584001.

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This paper explains the origin, characteristics, and operation of the United States federal government’s block grant currently received by Puerto Rico to operate a nutrition assistance program. We compare its limitations with the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefit system. We analyze the possible change from the block grant to SNAP, and the potential of this program to enable more people to work and provide for themselves and their families. The effect on the economic activity of the federal funds allocated for the reconstruction and construction of infrastructure on the I
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