Academic literature on the topic 'Blodbad'

Considering the growing number of requests from the criminal investigations authorities addressed to the institutions of legal medicine, testing of blood alcohol concentration both in the living person and in the corpse, we believe that a presentation of the two methods which are used in our country, is a topic of interest at present. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with the technical details on how blodd alcohol concentration is realised by means of the gas chromatographic method and the classical one, (Cordebard modified by D. Banciu and I. Droc) respectively. Another purpose of this article is to also show, in a comparative way, the elements that make the gas chromatographic method superior to the former one.

Baggrund: Blodgasanalyse er et vigtigt redskab i en akutmodtagelse. Flere vestlige lande som USA og Australien er idag begyndt at erstatte den traditionelle arterielle blodgasanalyse med en venøs. Dette kan nedsætte smerten vi udsætter patienterne for, og de risici en arteriepunktur medfører.Formål: Formålet med denne statusartikel er at opsummere hvordan en venøs blodgas analyse skal fortolkes i forhold til en arteriel, og foreslå i hvilke kliniske situationer V-gas kan erstatte A-gas.Resultater: Baseret på metaanalyser er der fundet god overensstemmelse mellem arteriel og venøs pH-værdi. For pO2 er der stor forskel på arteriel og venøs, denne kan dog ofte estimeres ud fra transkutan saturation. pCO2 er også med stor usikkerhed, dog kan en værdi i normalområdet udelukke hyperkapni. Bicarbonat og laktat i V-gas kan sige om arterielt niveau er lavt, højt eller normalt, men dog ikke forudsige den præcise værdi. Base-excess er ikke undersøgt nok, men resultaterne antyder en god overensstemmelse.Konklusion: Venøs blodgasanalyse er en upræcis gengivelse af de arterielle forhold. V-gas kan dog i mange tilfælde erstatte arteriel blodgasanalyse, hvis den bruges fokuseret og sammen med det kliniske billede. Det er vigtigt at patientsikkerheden opretholdes, og er man i tvivl om tolkningen af en V-gas bør man supplere med en A-gas.

The aims of this study were a) to assess whether obesity acts as a mediator between i) cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and mean blood pressure; and ii) between between physical activity (PA) and mean blodd pressure in children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a 632 children and adolescents. It was measured mean blood pressure, body mass index, fat mass and waist circumference. CRF and PA was assessing with Course Navette test and ActiGraph. The analysis of the mediation was performed using Process macro for SPSS. The results indicate that obesity acts as a partial mediation in the association between CRF and mean blood pressure in 10-12 years old children (z=from -5.81 to -5.40; all p˂0.000). These results indicate that obesity acts as a complete mediator in the association between PA and mean blood pressure in 10-12 years old children (z=from -4.49 to -1.94; all p˂0.000). Our result reinforces the relevance of prevent weight increse and improve cardiorespiratory fitness level since erly age in children and adolescents to prevent high mean blood pressure. Increasing the level of physical activity can influence on obesity and cardiorespiratory fitness.

Coronary heart disease is one of cardiovascular disease dan being number one of mortalitycause in world. Coronay heart disease is begun with atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is process ofaccumulation of cholesterol in wall of heart’s blodd vessels that causes stenosis (obstruction). Thesedays coronary heart disease attacked productive people. Some risk factors of coronary heart diseaseare smoking habit, physical inactivity, hypertension, intake of unhealthy food, and stress. The aims ofthis research was to analyse modifi able risk factors of coronary heart disease in productive age thatconsists of smoking habit, physical inactivity, and stress. This study was an analytical study that usedcross sectional design conducted at cardiology clinic RSU Haji Surabaya at March-May 2016. Thepopulation in this study were all patients of cardiology clinic in RSU Haji Surabaya with 91 patientsas samples. The data described that there were no signifi cant correlation between smoking habit (p =0,22), physical inactivity (p = 0,79), dan stress (p = 0,06) with the incident of coronary heart diseasein productive age, and there was signifi cant correlation between passive smoker status with correlationof coronary heart disease in productive age (p = 0,01). The conclusion are there were no signifi cantcorrelation between smoking habit, physical inactivity, and stress with incident of coronary heart diseasein productive age, and there was signifi cant correlation between passive smoker status with incident ofcoronary heart disease in productive age.Keywords: risk factors, coronary heart disease, productive age

Abstract: Coronary heart is a disease that offense to blood vessels and heart attack due to constriction of blood vessels. A high level of cholesterol in blood or exceeds the normal limit can form sediment in wall of blodd vessels which cause blood vessels constriction or blockage. This research object to determine whether there is a correlation between cholesterol level total and hypertension with coronary heart disease in patients who hospitalized in Regional Public Hospital of dr. Soedarso Pontianak. This study was used cross sectional design, purposive sampling technique, it gained 50 people as samples. The measurement of blood pressure was done in heart poly and cholesterol total level in clinic laboratory of Regional Public Hospital of dr. Soedarso by using enzymatic CHOD-PAP method. It can be obtained that 10 people had hypertension and 40 people did not.the average of total cholesterol was 224 mg/dl. Maximum value of total cholesterol was 224 mg/dl and 152 mg/dl as minimum value. Data has been analyzed by using statistical test, Chi-Square, to determine the correlation of total cholesterol wit coronary heart disease, obtained p value=0,024 (less than α=0,05). Correlation of hypertension and coronary heart disease gained p value=0,923 (more than α=0,05), it can be concluded that total cholesterol correlated with coronary heart disease, and there was not a correlation between hypertension and coronary heart disease.Abstrak: Jantung koroner adalah penyakit yang menyerang pembuluh darah dan serangan jantung, karena penyempitan pada pembuluh darah. Kadar kolesterol yang tinggi dalam darah melebihi normal dapat membentuk endapan pada dinding pembuluh darah sehingga menyebabkan penyempitan dan tersumbatnya pembuluh darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar kolesterol total dan hipertensi dengan penyakit jantung koroner pada pasien di RSUD dr. Soedarso Pontianak. Disain penelitian ini menggunakan cross sectional, teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling, didapat jumlah sampel 50 orang. Pengukuran Tensi Darah dilakukan di poli Jantung dan pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol total di laboratorium klinik RSUD dr. Soedarso Pontianak dengan metode enzimatik CHOD-PAP. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 10 orang mengalami hipertensi dan 40 orang non hipertensi. Rata-rata kadar kolesterol total 224 mg/ dl. Nilai maksimum kadar kolesterol total yaitu 224 mg/dl dan nilai minimum yaitu 152 mg/dl. Analisa data dengan uji statistik Chi-square untuk mengetahui hubungan kolesterol total dengan penyakit jantung koroner didapatkan nilai p = 0,024 (lebih kecil dari α 0,05). Uji hubungan hipertensi dengan penyakit jantung koroner didapat nilai p = 0,923 (lebih besar dari α 0,05), dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan kadar kolesterol total dengan penyakit jantung koroner dan tidak ada hubungan hipertensi dengan penyakit jantung koroner.

This survey's main purpose is to highlight how the two Swedish newspapers Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter writes and describes four different school shootings. We wanted to find out if there is a general pattern of how school shootings are reported by the media. Two of the shootings occured in USA, Columbine and Virginia Tech, and two in Finland, Kauhajoki and Jokela. The analysis aims at three areas: the whole event, the perpetrator and the victim.

 

We have used a qualitative content analysis with a semiotic model to examine the articles in the survey. The theories in the study is based upon views on social constructionism, media logic, stereotypization, representation, morale panic/media panic and media events. With the foundation of our chosen theories we have seen a certain amount of articles that is slightly perfunctory and you can tell a template have been layed upon many articles.

 

One of our conclusions from our survey is that Aftonbladet is a more frequent user of indecent and powerful metaphores and metonymies than Dagens Nyheter. For example is the term bloodbath used a couple of times by Aftonbladet but not by Dagens Nyheter. We have also found out that the perpetrator is generally described as a stereotype when his bad qualities are strenghten and his good qualities are ironed out.

The purpose of this essay is to examine whether visiting noblemen at the castles of Borgholm and Kalmar with their vast network of acquaintances can determine a tendency towards a political stance in the civil war of Sweden in the late 16th century. This is done by examining the guests and the company of the bailiff, born as a commoner but later governor and nobleman, Christoffer Gyllengrip Andersson, who in the end of the century would perish in the same manner as many of the peerage who fell at the bloodbath of Linköping in the year 1600. The networks are analyzed with the help of accountings and census records from the above mentioned castles between the years 1579-1592 whereon by the year 1593 the following national as well as local events will be analyzed and presented until the year 1600. The essay shows that allegiance to one or the other side can be seen to certain degree in the presented era delving into Kalmar Castle generally, allthough the true nature of one’s political ideals become most visible in the later 1590s when the noblemen actually are forced to take sides, instead of the double-agent poppycock of which they were in the antecedent decade of 1580. The essay shows that the information given by the census-records can be anchored in history’s more famous line such as when Olof Andersson Oxehufvud (one of many) is assigned as governor in the year 1594 to prevent the eminent empowerment of his uncle Karl, Duke of Södermanland, Närke and Värmland.

The study examines the massacre of the garrison of the castle of Kalmar in 1525 and its causes. The goal of the investigation has been on the one hand to elucidate the most probable sequence of events, and on the other to identify as many different plausible explanations to the massacre as possible. For this end, four contemporary sources have been examined and compared in their details. To enable a broad basis for interpretation, the author has consulted various works on the themes of warfare, soldiers and violence in the late middle ages and the sixteenth century. Apart from political aspects, the study highlights social and cultural conditions as important factors in explaining how the massacre could be carried out without provoking any single part of society. Among these are found the idea of the perceived natural ferocity of siege warfare, the exposed position of soldiers in general and the low status of lansquenets in particular, as well as the increasing general acceptance of executions and retributional violence.The paper finishes with a discussion on the importance of the event under investigation as part of a greater whole, and asks whether or not it is worthy of the sparsely used label of ”blood bath”. In relation to this, the author inquires for an expanded historical debate on the relationship between cultural and social values and conditions, and the use of violence in society.

This thesis has two purposes: (1) to analyze the emptiness in Blodbok by Christine Falkenland, and (2) to analyze my own reading of the same book. I have chosen to focus on how emptiness is expressed through the body, the language and the place in Blodbok, because of the deep impact these seem to have on the emptiness. The thesis discusses what kind of emptiness that is described, what it does to me as a reader, and how it is connected to other works by Falkenland. Cultural politics of emotions by Sara Ahmed, Uses of literature by Rita Felski and Pouvoirs de l’horreur by Julia Kristeva together form the theoretical framework. Blodbok is a poetry collection, about the loss of a mother. The first part of the thesis shows how emptiness is connected to the borders of the body. When the borders of the body are solid, emptiness is expressed trough the I’s will to pass these borders, to become a part of the mother or at least less lonely. When emptiness surround the I her body becomes indistinct and borderless, which makes the emptiness take place both inside and outside the body. The indistinctness of the body also leads to confusions between the body of the mother and the body of the daughter (the I), which also implies an uncertainness about the limit between life and death. This uncertainness becomes ‘sticky’, and I experience my own body being more borderless than before, and threatened by the death in the same manner as the bodies in the book. Emptiness also takes place as a part of the language in Blodbok, because of its inability to describe the feelings of the I. Though, in what I have called the simple language, for example clichés, the I find a way to express some of the despair, loss and fear that she feels. As a reader I find it very releasing when the I manage to express the emptiness in words. Even if loss is described I feel satisfaction while reading, because I recognize myself in the feelings of the I. I find the text being a witness to a horrible feeling and by functioning as a witness the poem moves the feeling from inside of me, to the outside. The place in Blodbok is connected to emptiness by being the place where life meets death. It is in this place the I circulate, and the emptiness and death is described again and again through the circulation. The place becomes the centre of the book, it is at the same time the beginning and the end. The thesis also shows how the emptiness in Blodbok corresponds to emptiness in other works by Falkenland. The emptiness is Blodbok isn’t empty; it is filled with death, horror, loneliness, love, mourning and loss. This emptiness ‘sticks’ to me as a reader. By picturing an in many ways indescribable emptiness, Blodbok manages to give me a feeling of satisfaction, a feeling of being filled.

The aim of this study was to examine how the swedish newspaper Aftonbladet portrays the Las Vegas shooting in october 2017. Our research questions were: How is Stephen Paddock portrayed?, How is the victims portrayed? and How does Aftonbladet portray Stephen Paddocks motive of the shooting? With a qualitative framing analysis we examined a total of 19 articles and identified several frames that the perpetrator and the victims is described with. The result shows that Stephen Paddock is framed as evil, cold, lone wolf, a massmurderer and a systematic perpetrator. But we also identified a frame when he is portrayed as a “normal” individual. The victims are framed as goodhearted and ideal victims. Aftonbladet’s way of reporting is charatherized by sensationalism, emotionalism and intimacy which is typical for a tabloid newspaper. Aftonbladet also describes the course of events with rich details, which also is typical for tabloids. When this study was conducted, the motive and cause of the attack was still unknown. With that in mind, we identified several frames where Aftonbladet is trying to answer the question of what motive the perpetrator could have had. They portray Stephen Paddocks gambling and psychotic brain as possible reasons of the attack.

As coberturas de hidroxiapatita (HAp) são utilizadas para aumentar a osteointegração em implantes de titânio (Ti), devido à sua capacidade de promover a biomineralização para corrigir defeitos esqueléticos e craniofaciais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a influência dos revestimentos sobre culturas primárias de osteoblastos. Na primeira fase de estudos, desenvolvemos uma nova abordagem de revestimento baseada em filmes Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) de dihexadecilfosfato (DHP) e ácido octadecilfosfônico (OPA) depositados em discos Ti, e crescimento subsequente de cristais de HAp. Analisamos a viabilidade dos osteoblastos, a atividade da fosfatase alcalina (ALP) e a formação da matriz mineralizada por métodos colorimétricos e a morfologia das culturas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura e microscopia confocal. Os resultados revelaram que o revestimento DHP/HAp aumentou a viabilidade dos osteoblastos até 150% em comparação com o controle em todos os dias testados. O revestimento OPA/HAp promoveu a maior viabilidade ao 14 dias (190%). A atividade de ALP foi aumentada apenas pelo revestimento de DHP/HAp ao 14º dia em comparação com o controle e Ti limpo. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura e as microfotografias confocais revelaram diferenças morfológicas entre os osteoblastos cultivados em ambos os revestimentos, aumentando o seu número e o espalhamento. O revestimento de DHP/HAp aumentou a produção de nódulos biomineralizados. O ensaio de biomineralização pela técnica do Vermelho de Alizarina mostrou que o revestimento de OPA/HAp possuía uma concentração de cálcio (Ca2+) 1,88 vezes superior à cobertura de DHP/HAp. Uma vez que a literatura relata que o Ca2+ pode estimular ou inibir a atividade da ALP e, consequentemente, o processo de biomineralização, as diferenças no comportamento desses dois revestimentos podem estar relacionadas às diferenças de concentração de superfície de Ca2+. O bom desempenho do revestimento de DHP/HAp pode estar relacionado às características da composição química, adicionada à técnica de deposição LB. Na segunda fase da pesquisa, as monocamadas de Langmuir de DHP e dipalmitoil fosfatidilcolina (DPPC) foram testadas e utilizadas para incorporar o paratormônio 1-34 (PTH 1-34) (DHP/Ca+PTH e DPPC/Ca+PTH, respectivamente). Também foram testadas as ações dos revestimentos DHP/HAp com PTH em solução (DHP/HAp+PTH S) e gotejado (DHP/HAp+PTH G) em culturas de osteoblastos. Um potencial zeta negativo em pH 7,4 foi encontrado (-14,9 mV) para o PTH 1-34. A isoterma de DPPC mostrou um aumento da área mínima ocupada por molécula lipídica após a injeção de PTH na subfase de água (50 ?L de solução 0,5 mg/mL) em 10,97 Å2, o que pode ser devido à inserção de PTH neste filme. A área mínima de DHP foi alterada em 2,3 Å2, o que não é estatisticamente significativo. A análise de QCM mostrou um depósito de 72,5 ng de PTH em filme de DPPC e 29,3 ng de PTH em filme de DHP para cada 25 ?g de PTH injetado na cuba de Langmuir. A viabilidade celular e a formação da matriz mineralizada de culturas de osteoblastos crescidas em DHP/Ca+PTH e revestimentos DPPC/Ca+PTH diminuíram quando comparadas com Ti limpo. Os revestimentos DHP/HAp+PTH S e DHP/HAp+PTH G mostraram ser tão eficientes quanto o Ti DHP/HAp para estimular o processo de biomineralização. Mas a cobertura de DHP/HAp+PTH G aumentou a viabilidade dos osteoblastos e a formação de matriz mineralizada quando comparada com Ti DHP/HAp. Esta é uma cobertura inovadora que abre precedentes para o uso da técnica de gotejamento em HAp para outros hormônios e drogas que agem sobre o tecido ósseo.
Due to their ability to promote biomineralization, Hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings are used to increase the osteointegration in titanium (Ti) implants, in order to correct skeletal and craniofacial defects. The objective of the research was to evaluate the influence of the coatings on osteoblasts primary cultures. In the first phase of the research we developed a new coating approach based on Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of dihexadecyl phosphate (DHP) and octadecylphosphonic acid (OPA) deposited on Ti discs and subsequent growth of HAp crystals. We analyzed the osteoblast viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized matrix formation by colorimetric methods, and the morphology of the cultures by scanning electron microscopy and confocal micrographies. The results revealed that the DHP/HAp coating increased osteoblast viability up to 150% compared to the control at all days tested. The OPA/HAp coating promoted the highest viability on the 14th day (190%). The ALP activity was enhanced only by the DHP/HAp coating on the 14th day compared to control, and clean Ti. To explore the morphology of the cells, the scanning electron microscopy and confocal micrographies were obtained, and revealed morphological differences between osteoblasts grown on both coated Ti compared to clean Ti. Both coatings increased the number and spreading of osteoblasts, while the DHP/HAp coating enhanced the production of biomineralized nodules. The Alizarin Red assay showed that OPA/HAp coating has 1.88 times higher calcium (Ca2+) concentration than DHP/HAp. The same test confirmed the increase of mineralization only by DHP/HAp coating compared to clean Ti. Since literature reports that Ca2+ can stimulate or inhibit the ALP activity and consequently, the biomineralization process, the differences on the behavior of these two coatings could be related to the Ca2+ surface concentration differences. The good performance of the DHP/HAp coating can be explained due to the characteristics of the chemical composition, added to the LB deposition technique. In the second phase of the research, Langmuir monolayers of DHP and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) was tested and used to incorporate 1-34 parathyroid hormone (PTH 1-34) (DHP/Ca+PTH, and DPPC/Ca+PTH, respectively). DHP/HAp coatings with PTH in solution (DHP/HAp+PTH S), and dropped (DHP/HAp+PTH G) also were tested on osteoblasts cultures. A negative zeta-potential at pH 7.4 was found (-14.9 mV) to PTH 1-34. The Langmuir isotherm of DPPC showed an increase of the minimum area occupied per lipid molecule after the PTH injection into the water subphase (50 ?L of 0.5 mg/mL solution) by 10.97 Å2, which could be due to the insertion of PTH in this film. The DHP minimum area changed by 2.3 Å2, which is not statistically significant. The QCM analysis showed the deposit of 72.5 ng of PTH on DPPC film, and 29.3 ng of PTH on DHP film for each 25 ?g of PTH injected into the Langmuir trough. The cell viability and matrix mineralization of osteoblasts cultures grown on DHP/Ca+PTH, and DPPC/Ca+PTH coatings decreased when compared to clean Ti. DHP/HAp+PTH S and DHP/HAp+PTH G coatings proved to be as efficient as Ti DHP/HAp to stimulate the biomineralization process. But DHP/HAp+PTH G increased the osteoblast viabilitiy and formation of mineralized matrix when compared to Ti DHP/HAp. This is an innovative coating that sets the precedent for the use of the drip technique on HAp for other hormones and drugs that act on bone tissue.