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Journal articles on the topic 'Blood Alcohol Concentrations'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Simpura, Jussi, Pirjo Paakkanen, Heli Mustonen, Leena Metso, and Kalervo Kiianmaa. "The Beverage Alcohol Concentration at Intake and Estimated Blood Alcohol Concentrations." Nordisk Alkoholtisdkrift (Nordic Alcohol Studies) 13, no. 1_suppl (1996): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507259601301s10.

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Belief in differential health risks for different alcoholic beverages continues despite a relative lack of supporting evidence, and continues to influence alcohol policy debate both in Finland and elsewhere. The present data from a survey of Finnish drinking habits conducted in 1992 suggest that the central issue is not the actual strength of the beverage itself but rather the solution at intake and the amount of alcohol imbibed. The results are based on a one week survey of all occasions on which alcohol was consumed from a general population survey of drinking habits. Spirits are diluted alm

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2

Labianca, Dominick A. "Conversion of Serum-Alcohol Concentrations to Corresponding Blood-Alcohol Concentrations." Journal of Chemical Education 79, no. 7 (2002): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed079p803.

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3

Jones, A. W. "Blood and breath alcohol concentrations." BMJ 305, no. 6859 (1992): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.305.6859.955-b.

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4

Pipkin, Graham A., Jane G. Mills, and John R. Wood. "Does Ranitidine Affect Blood Alcohol Concentrations?" Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 14, no. 3 (1994): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.1994.tb02821.x.

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No interaction occurs between ranitidine and alcohol when alcohol 0.3 g/kg or more is taken by either fed or fasted subjects. Ranitidine is associated with small increases (2–4 mg/dl) in blood alcohol concentrations in subjects given alcohol 0.15 g/kg under specific experimental conditions. Mean peak blood alcohol concentrations nevertheless remain low (<20 mg/dl) after that amount, which is equivalent to about 3 oz of wine or 1 oz of 80‐proof liquor. Such changes also occur when alcohol is ingested after different types of foods, and are smaller than the increases when it is drunk on an em

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5

Giguiere, William. "Measuring Alcohol Impairment at Low Blood Alcohol Concentrations." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 14 (1995): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503901403.

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6

Jurič, Andreja, Andrija Fijačko, Lana Bakulić, Tanja Orešić, and Ines Gmajnički. "Evaluation of breath alcohol analysers by comparison of breath and blood alcohol concentrations." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 69, no. 1 (2018): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3064.

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AbstractThe main goal of this study was to determine the reliability of hand-held breath alcohol analysers currently approved for roadside screening of traffic offenders. The first part of the study included a retrospective data analysis of 714 offence records collected in 2011. Blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) obtained from the offenders 0-303 min after the police had screened them for breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) were back-calculated (cBAC) to assess the accuracy of breathalyser screening. All participants were in the alcohol elimination phase, and our analyses did not reveal any si

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7

Rainey, P. M. "Relation between serum and whole-blood ethanol concentrations." Clinical Chemistry 39, no. 11 (1993): 2288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.11.2288.

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Abstract An algorithm is suggested for interpretation of serum ethanol concentrations under legal statutes that specify whole-blood alcohol concentrations. The algorithm uses the distribution of individual serum:whole-blood alcohol concentration ratios to allow calculations at various levels of confidence that can be related to legal standards of evidence. Serum:whole-blood alcohol concentration ratios were determined for 211 patients. The ratios ranged from 0.88 to 1.59 (median 1.15). The distribution of ratios was positively skewed, but the logarithms of the ratios were normally distributed.

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8

Heatley, M. K., and J. Crane. "The Relationship between Blood and Urine Alcohol Concentrations at Autopsy." Medicine, Science and the Law 29, no. 3 (1989): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580248902900305.

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The relationship between the blood alcohol concentration and the urine alcohol concentration was studied in 109 routine coroner's autopsies. Although the average ratio for urine alcohol concentration to blood alcohol concentration lay close to the ratio of 4:3 quoted in the literature, the actual ratios determined were widely scattered around this value. Thus the use of this simple ratio to estimate the blood alcohol concentration from the urine alcohol concentration at post-mortem was unreliable. An equation determined by employing linear regression analysis was similarly unhelpful in enablin

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9

McKnight, A. James, Elizabeth A. Langston, A. Scott McKnight, and James E. Lange. "Sobriety tests for low blood alcohol concentrations." Accident Analysis & Prevention 34, no. 3 (2002): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-4575(01)00027-6.

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10

Ferrara, S. D., S. Zancaner, and R. Giorgetti. "Low blood alcohol concentrations and driving impairment." International Journal of Legal Medicine 106, no. 4 (1994): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01371332.

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11

Okulevičiūtė, Agnė, Sigitas Chmieliauskas, Gabija Laubner-Sakalauskienė, et al. "Postmortem Analysis of Ethyl Alcohol Concentration in Blood, Urine, Muscle and Bile." Acta medica Lituanica 31, no. 2 (2024): 6. https://doi.org/10.15388/amed.2024.31.2.6.

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Introduction: The determination of ethyl alcohol concentration in body fluids is an important investigation in forensic practice. To avoid postmortem changes in blood alcohol concentration, the test substance must be transported in special media enriched with sodium fluoride or potassium oxalate. When interpreting changes in concentrations in the body, it is important to assess not only the blood but also other body fluids or tissues.Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted from 2016 to 2023, evaluating data from nonconsecutive 378 autopsies from the State Forensic Medical Se

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12

Bereda, Gudisa. "Mental and Physical Symptoms of Alcohol Hangover." Neurons and Neurological Disorders 1, no. 1 (2022): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.58489/2836-8851/004.

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Alcohol hangover can be defined as the combination of mental and physical symptoms that are experienced the day after an episode of heavy alcohol drinking, launching when blood alcohol concentration approaches zero and characterized by the constellation of unpleasant physical and mental symptoms that occur after heavy alcohol drinking. Significant changes observed on endocrine parameters (elevated concentrations of vasopressin, aldosterone, and renin) and metabolic acidosis (lowered blood potential hydrogen values due to elevated concentrations of lactate, ketone bodies, and free fatty acids)

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13

Greenway, C. V., K. Pushka, D. S. Sitar, and L. K. Rogers. "Rapid measurement of blood ethanol concentrations using the alcohol oxidase membrane technique." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 66, no. 3 (1988): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y88-052.

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The alcohol oxidase membrane technique is available for measurement of ethanol in commercial fluids. In this paper we examined its usefulness for cat and human blood in comparison with gas–liquid chromatography (GLC). The membrane method proved to be simple, reproducible, accurate, and inexpensive. Analysis took 1–2 min per sample and required only 25 μL of whole blood for measurement of concentrations between 0.05 and 1.0 mM (0.25–5 mg/dL) and 10 μL of whole blood for measurement of concentrations between 1.0 and 40 mM (5–190 mg/dL). Background concentrations were undetectable in cats after e

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14

Grahame, Nicholas J., and Amanda M. Grose. "Blood alcohol concentrations after scheduled access in high-alcohol-preferring mice." Alcohol 31, no. 1-2 (2003): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2003.08.002.

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15

McFarlane, A., L. Pooley, I. M. Welch, R. D. Rumsey, and N. W. Read. "How does dietary lipid lower blood alcohol concentrations?" Gut 27, no. 1 (1986): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.27.1.15.

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16

GRZYBOWSKI, MARY, DENNIS R. OWNBY, CHRISTINE C. JOHNSON, and EDWARD L. PETERSON. "Maternal Alcohol Ingestion and Blood Cord IgE Concentrations." Pediatric Asthma, Allergy & Immunology 9, no. 4 (1995): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/pai.1995.9.193.

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17

Afshar, Majid, Giora Netzer, Elizabeth Salisbury-Afshar, Sarah Murthi, and Gordon S. Smith. "Injured patients with very high blood alcohol concentrations." Injury 47, no. 1 (2016): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2015.10.063.

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18

Stowell, A. R., and L. I. Stowell. "Estimation of Blood Alcohol Concentrations after Social Drinking." Journal of Forensic Sciences 43, no. 1 (1998): 16083J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs16083j.

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19

Friedman, Timothy W., Stephen R. Robinson, and Gregory W. Yelland. "Impaired perceptual judgment at low blood alcohol concentrations." Alcohol 45, no. 7 (2011): 711–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.10.007.

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20

Tagawa, Masaaki, Michiko Kano, Nobuyuki Okamura, et al. "Relationship Between Effects of Alcohol on Psychomotor Performance and Blood Alcohol Concentrations." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 83, no. 3 (2000): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)30592-x.

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21

GERBERICH, SUSAN GOODWIN, BRADLEY K. GERBERICH, DANIEL FIFE, JAMES J. CICERO, G. PATRICK LILJA, and LOWELL C. Van BERKOM. "Analyses of the Relationship Between Blood Alcohol and Nasal Breath Alcohol Concentrations." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 29, no. 3 (1989): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-198903000-00010.

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22

Perry, Paul J., Tami R. Argo, Mitchell J. Barnett, et al. "The Association of Alcohol-Induced Blackouts and Grayouts to Blood Alcohol Concentrations." Journal of Forensic Sciences 51, no. 4 (2006): 896–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00161.x.

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23

Tagawa, Masaaki, Michiko Kano, Nobuyuki Okamura, et al. "Relationship Between Effects of Alcohol on Psychomotor Performances and Blood Alcohol Concentrations." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 83, no. 3 (2000): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jjp.83.253.

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24

Ryu, Tom, Keungmo Yang, and Beom Sun Chung. "Defecation alleviates hangover by terminating intestinal drinking." Archives of Medical Science 19, no. 6 (2023): 1909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/aoms/174445.

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IntroductionThe concept of “intestinal drinking” in this study refers to the continued absorption of alcohol in the gastrointestinal tract until adequate defecation occurs.Material and methodsA longitudinal observation of hangover symptoms and alcohol metabolites in healthy humans following binge drinking was conducted.ResultsThe hangover symptoms resulting from binge alcohol consumption were relieved by defecation. Following the defecation process, not only the blood ethanol levels, but also the concentrations of blood acetaldehyde, methanol, and iso-propanol, exhibited significant reductions

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25

Roine, Risto, Irma Nykänen, and Mikko Salaspuro. "Effect of alcohol on urinary and blood dolichols." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 70, no. 6 (1992): 404–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o92-062.

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Alcohol appears to affect dolichol metabolism, as both serum and urinary dolichol concentrations were found to be significantly higher in alcoholics than in social drinkers. Furthermore, acute heavy drinking (5.5 g alcohol/kg body weight during 42 h) increased urinary dolichol excretion significantly, whereas moderate drinking (60 g/day for 10 days) had no effect. Increased urinary dolichol concentrations in alcoholics returned rapidly to normal with a half-life decay of 3 days, whereas increased serum dolichol concentrations did not change during a 7-day observation period. The mechanism behi

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26

Koski, A., E. Vuori, and I. Ojanperä. "Relation of postmortem blood alcohol and drug concentrations in fatal poisonings involving amitriptyline, propoxyphene and promazine." Human & Experimental Toxicology 24, no. 8 (2005): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327105ht542oa.

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Drugs and alcohol often occur together in fatal poisonings, complicating the process of determining the cause of death. Especially when found in concentrations generally regarded as toxic but not lethal, the question arises whether the combination of sublethal amounts was the likely cause of death. In this study, we examined poisoning deaths involving amitriptyline, propoxyphene and promazine, which are, after benzodiazepines, the most frequently occurring drugs in Finnish alcohol-related poisonings. From the forensic toxicology database, covering the years 1995- 2002, we extracted 332 fatal p

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27

Hartung, Benno, Holger Schwender, Evelyn Pawlik, Stefanie Ritz-Timme, Nona Mindiashvili, and Thomas Daldrup. "Comparison of venous blood alcohol concentrations and breath alcohol concentrations measured with Draeger Alcotest 9510 DE Evidential." Forensic Science International 258 (January 2016): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.10.026.

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28

Walmsley, CM, CJ Bates, A. Prentice, and TJ Cole. "Relationship between alcohol and nutrient intakes and blood status indices of older people living in the UK: further analysis of data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of people aged 65 years and over, 1994/5." Public Health Nutrition 1, no. 3 (1998): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn19980025.

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AbstractObjective:To examine the relationships between alcohol consumption and a range of nutrient intakes and blood status indices in older people.Design:National Diet and Nutrition Survey: cross-sectional survey of nationally representative sample of people aged 65 years or over.Setting:Mainland Britain during 1994/5.Subjects:1198 people (623 males, 575 females) aged 65 years or over, of whom 925 were living in private households and 273 were living in institutions.Results:Intermediate alcohol consumption (particularly 0.1–14 units week−1; 1 unit = 8g) derived from a 4-day diet diary or a 12

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29

Bretteville-Jensen, Anne Line, Håvard Furuhaugen, and Hallvard Gjerde. "Poor correlation between alcohol concentration in oral fluid and breath in subjects consuming beverages immediately before testing." Biochemia medica 32, no. 1 (2022): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11613/bm.2022.010902.

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In previous research projects and clinical settings, alcohol analysis in oral fluid (saliva) has been used as an alternative to breath or blood alcohol testing. In this study we examined whether it is possible to obtain clinically relevant data regarding alcohol consumption in individuals who recently consumed alcohol by analysing oral fluid samples when the recommended rinsing of the mouth is impossible before sample collection. We conducted a study of 89 nightclub patrons in Norway. Before collecting oral fluid samples and performing breath alcohol testing, participants were required to drin

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30

Lange, James E., and Robert B. Voas. "Defining binge drinking quantities through resulting blood alcohol concentrations." Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 15, no. 4 (2001): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-164x.15.4.310.

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31

Roine, Risto P., R. Thomas Gentry, Robert T. Lim, Erkki Helkkonen, Mikko Salaspuro, and Charles S. Lieber. "Comparison of Blood Alcohol Concentrations After Beer and Whiskey." Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 17, no. 3 (1993): 709–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1993.tb00824.x.

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32

Vingilis, Evelyn, C. B. Liban, B. Kapur, et al. "Blood Alcohol Concentrations and Characteristics of Hospitalized MVA Patients." Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 3, no. 2 (1987): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00029289.

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33

Touquet, R., E. Csipke, P. Holloway, et al. "Resuscitation room blood alcohol concentrations: one-year cohort study." Emergency Medicine Journal 25, no. 11 (2008): 752–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.2008.062711.

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34

Rossheim, Matthew E., and Dennis L. Thombs. "Estimated blood alcohol concentrations achieved by consuming supersized alcopops." American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 44, no. 3 (2017): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2017.1334210.

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35

Martin, Christopher S., Richard J. Rose, and Karen M. Obremski. "Estimation of Blood Alcohol Concentrations in Young Male Drinkers." Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 15, no. 3 (1991): 494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1991.tb00549.x.

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36

Frajola, W. J. "Blood alcohol testing in the clinical laboratory: problems and suggested remedies." Clinical Chemistry 39, no. 3 (1993): 377–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.3.377.

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Abstract Laboratory directors or others responsible for blood alcohol testing are advised to reevaluate their procedures for alcohol tests. The demand for better traffic safety has resulted in a large increase in the number of arrests for drinking and driving violations and in a concomitant increase in the litigation of alcohol-related cases. My experience in the last 20 years indicates that many difficulties in the forensic aspects of these cases and many miscarriages of justice could have been reduced or even avoided if laboratories doing alcohol analyses had followed established guidelines.

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37

Prouty, Richard W., and William H. Anderson. "A Comparison of Postmortem Heart Blood and Femoral Blood Ethyl Alcohol Concentrations." Journal of Analytical Toxicology 11, no. 5 (1987): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/11.5.191.

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38

Schweizer, Tom A., Muriel Vogel-Sprott, James Danckert, Eric A. Roy, Amanda Skakum, and Carole E. Broderick. "Neuropsychological Profile of Acute Alcohol Intoxication during Ascending and Descending Blood Alcohol Concentrations." Neuropsychopharmacology 31, no. 6 (2005): 1301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300941.

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39

Lira, Marlene C., Vishnudas Sarda, Timothy C. Heeren, Matthew Miller, and Timothy S. Naimi. "Alcohol Policies and Motor Vehicle Crash Deaths Involving Blood Alcohol Concentrations Below 0.08%." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 58, no. 5 (2020): 622–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.12.015.

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40

Iffland, R., and A. W. Jones. "Evaluating Alleged Drinking after Driving — The Hip-Flask Defence." Medicine, Science and the Law 42, no. 3 (2002): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580240204200305.

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This two-part article examines the strengths and weaknesses of various ways of investigating claims of drinking alcohol after driving, commonly known as the hip-flask or glove-compartment defence. In many countries the onus of proof in hip-flask cases rests on the prosecution. With good co-operation from the police and timely sampling of body fluids, such as blood and urine for forensic analysis of ethanol, useful evidence can be mustered to support or challenge the truthfulness of alleged drinking after driving. The person's blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) can be compared with values expect

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41

Hartman, Rebecca L., Timothy L. Brown, Gary Milavetz та ін. "Effect of Blood Collection Time on Measured Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Concentrations: Implications for Driving Interpretation and Drug Policy". Clinical Chemistry 62, № 2 (2016): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2015.248492.

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Abstract BACKGROUND In driving-under-the-influence cases, blood typically is collected approximately 1.5–4 h after an incident, with unknown last intake time. This complicates blood Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) interpretation, owing to rapidly decreasing concentrations immediately after inhalation. We evaluated how decreases in blood THC concentration before collection may affect interpretation of toxicological results. METHODS Adult cannabis smokers (≥1×/3 months, ≤3 days/week) drank placebo or low-dose alcohol (approximately 0.065% peak breath alcohol concentration) 10 min before inhaling 5

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42

Burd, L., J. Blair, and K. Dropps. "Prenatal alcohol exposure, blood alcohol concentrations and alcohol elimination rates for the mother, fetus and newborn." Journal of Perinatology 32, no. 9 (2012): 652–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jp.2012.57.

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43

Starkey, Nicola J., and Samuel G. Charlton. "The effects of moderate alcohol concentrations on driving and cognitive performance during ascending and descending blood alcohol concentrations." Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 29, no. 4 (2014): 370–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hup.2415.

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44

Madruga de Oliveira, Andréia, Patrícia H. C. Rondó, and Julicristie M. Oliveira. "Maternal alcohol consumption may influence cord blood ascorbic acid concentration: findings from a study of Brazilian mothers and their newborns." British Journal of Nutrition 102, no. 6 (2009): 895–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114509317432.

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Studies that have investigated ascorbic acid (AA) concentrations in cord blood have pointed to significant associations with maternal blood AA concentrations, smoking, age, diet, type of delivery, duration of gestation, fetal distress and birth weight. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between cord blood AA concentrations in newborns and maternal characteristics. A total of 117 Brazilian healthy parturients were included in this cross-sectional study. The concentrations of AA in blood were determined by the HPLC method. Data concerning socio-economic, demographic,

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45

Whitehead, T. P., D. Robinson, and S. L. Allaway. "The Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption on Blood Lipids: A Dose-Related Study on Men." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 33, no. 2 (1996): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456329603300201.

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The separate and joint effects of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on serum concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides were investigated in 46 750 men attending the BUPA Health Screening Centre in London during the period 1983–1987, after allowing for differences in age, body mass index and exercise level. Drinking alcohol was found to raise both total cholesterol and HDL-C concentrations, in such a way that HDL-C as a percentage of total cholesterol increased with increasing alcohol

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46

Nedugov, German V., Anatoliy P. Ardashkin, and Vladimir G. Nedugov. "Statistical diagnostics of postmortem artifacts for determination of ethanol concentration." Science and Innovations in Medicine 4, no. 4 (2019): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35693/2500-1388-2019-4-4-58-62.

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Objectives - statistical estimation of the physiological limits of the quantitative distribution of ethanol in cadaveric blood and bladder urine and development of an automated method for diagnosing postmortem artifacts of forensic medical examination of acute alcohol intoxication on the corpse. Material and methods. We performed a retrospective statistical analysis of the results of toxicological determination of ethanol concentration in a blood and in the urine in 2376 deaths from acute alcohol intoxication. Results. Regression equations have been developed that allow us to determine the phy

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47

Squires, T., and A. Busuttil. "Alcohol and House Fire Fatalities in Scotland, 1980–1990." Medicine, Science and the Law 37, no. 4 (1997): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249703700407.

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The association between house fire fatalities and high blood-alcohol concentrations has been recognized as a particular problem in Scotland. Alcohol intoxication increases the risk of the outbreak of fire and decreases the intoxicated individual's ability to effect an escape. This survey investigates the reported blood-alcohol concentrations from all Scottish fire fatalities during the 11-year period 1980–90 and analyses the data by age, sex, year and geographical location. Alcohol intoxication in fires is shown both to be a national problem and one relevant to females as well as males. Fire p

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48

Van de Wiel, Albert, David Moolenaar, and Jos Wielders. "The Bac(chus) experiment: blood alcohol concentrations after wine tasting." Wine Studies 2, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ws.2012.e1.

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Blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) were measured in ten volunteers after a wine tasting event with and without the swallowing of 15 mL of each wine. In case ten wines were tasted within one hour without swallowing, buccal mucosa absorption did not result in problematic BAC&rsquo;s; however in case 15 mL of each wine was swallowed, BAC&rsquo;s may exceed the legal driving limit of most countries. It is recommended to eat beforehand, but also to wait at least one hour after the session before driving back home.

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49

Sato, Shigehito, Naomitsu Okubo, Taeko Fukuda, Hiroshi Takahashi, and Hiroshi Naito. "Arteriovenous differences of blood alcohol concentrations after celiac plexus block." Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 52, no. 3 (1992): 249–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1992.137.

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50

Siman-Tov, M., and K. Peleg. "A non-biased evaluation of blood alcohol concentrations in drivers." Injury Prevention 16, Supplement 1 (2010): A120—A121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.2010.029215.433.

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