Relevant bibliographies by topics / Blood analysis; Forensic science

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Blood analysis; Forensic science'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Blood analysis; Forensic science"

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Da Silva, Rafaela Rogiski, Bruna Carla Agustini, André Luís Lopes Da Silva, and Henrique Ravanhol Frigeri. "Luminol in the forensic science." Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity 3, no. 4 (November 17, 2012): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/jbb.uft.cemaf.v3n4.rogiskisilva.

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In a crime scene, the collection of evidence and a subsequent laboratory analysis compose the fundamental steps to allow the expert to reveal the truth for the final verdict in a jury and to bring back the comfort to the victim’s family. Bloodstains are usually found and sent to laboratories as a vestige to unravel the origin of the material. However, some scenes are modified in order to conceal the real culprit for the criminal act. For these cases, the luminol reagent can be useful. This test is very often used to visualize occult blood. Luminol is considered the most sensitive test once it can identify the blood presence in scale of nanograms. When this reagent comes into contact with blood,the light emission occurs through a phenomenon known as chemiluminescence. This luminescence can be produced by other interfering compounds, leading to a misinterpretation for the presence of blood. Despite this shortcoming, the present review article highlights the indispensability of the reagent luminol on a crime scene.
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Horton, Benjamin P. "Diatoms and Forensic Science." Paleontological Society Papers 13 (October 2007): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600001534.

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The application of diatom analysis in determining whether drowning was the cause of death has proved to be a valuable tool in forensic science. The basic principal of the “diatom test” in drowning is based on inference that diatoms are present in the medium where the possible drowning took place and that the inhalation of water causes penetration of diatoms into the alveolar system and blood stream, and thus, their deposition into the brain, kidneys, and other organs.I provide an informal assessment of “reliability” of the “diatom test” through correlations between control samples and samples from organs and clothing in two case studies. In studies, all organ and clothing samples except one had matching analogues in the modern diatom dataset from the body recovery sites, reinforcing drowning as the cause of death. The analogue matching provides further information on the precise site of drowning, in particular differentiating between drowning in a bathtub versus a naturally occurring body of water.
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Zou, Yun, Pan Xia, Feiyu Yang, Fangqi Cao, Ke Ma, Zhongliang Mi, Xiaochun Huang, et al. "Whole blood and semen identification using mid-infrared and Raman spectrum analysis for forensic applications." Analytical Methods 8, no. 18 (2016): 3763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay03337c.

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Somnay, Vishal, Thomas Duong, Ray-Young Tsao, and Joseph A. Prahlow. "Crime Scene Analysis Through DNA Testing of Canine Feces—A Case Report." Academic Forensic Pathology 10, no. 1 (March 2020): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1925362120944743.

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Forensic DNA testing can play a critical role in homicide investigations. Selecting the appropriate evidence on which to perform DNA testing requires foresight and reasoning based on experience and science. Although successful DNA testing can occur using many substrates, including blood, hair, and sweat/epithelial cells, positive results can also result from testing various unorthodox samples. The authors report on a triple-murder investigation where DNA testing of dog feces at the crime scene matched DNA testing of feces found on the shoe of a suspect resulting in successful prosecution of the case.
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Cadd, Samuel, Bo Li, Peter Beveridge, William O'Hare, and Meez Islam. "Age Determination of Blood-Stained Fingerprints Using Visible Wavelength Reflectance Hyperspectral Imaging." Journal of Imaging 4, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging4120141.

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The ability to establish the exact time a crime was committed is one of the fundamental aims of forensic science. The analysis of recovered evidence can provide information to assist in age determination, such as blood, which is one of the most commonly encountered types of biological evidence and the most common fingerprint contaminant. There are currently no accepted methods to establish the age of a blood-stained fingerprint, so progress in this area would be of considerable benefit for forensic investigations. A novel application of visible wavelength reflectance, hyperspectral imaging (HSI), is used for the detection and age determination of blood-stained fingerprints on white ceramic tiles. Both identification and age determination are based on the unique visible absorption spectrum of haemoglobin between 400 and 680 nm and the presence of the Soret peak at 415 nm. In this study, blood-stained fingerprints were aged over 30 days and analysed using HSI. False colour aging scales were produced from a 30-day scale and a 24 h scale, allowing for a clear visual method for age estimations for deposited blood-stained fingerprints. Nine blood-stained fingerprints of varying ages deposited on one white ceramic tile were easily distinguishable using the 30-day false colour scale.
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Ishaq, Nasreen, Arif Rasheed Malik, Zameer Ahmad, and Saad Ehsan Ullah. "Determination of Sex by Cheiloscopy as an Aid to Establish Personal Identity." Annals of King Edward Medical University 24, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v24i1.2305.

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Background: Establishment of individuality is the basic concept of the humanity, which formulates personal identity. Forensic medicine is basically the science of identification and during last few decades multiple research work has been conducted for detection of different methods of identification to establish a baseline of identity e.g. dental data, fingerprinting, DNA analysis, anthropometry, identification of sex, assessment of age, determination of height and blood groups identification. Among these, DNA analysis and dental data provide easiest identifications, however, these techniques are expensive and not readily availablenecessitating additional techniques for identification. One of such novel approach is cheiloscopy i.e. study of lip print patterns. Methodology: In order to investigate the lip prints-based identification, a study was conducted in the Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical College, Lahore. A total of 125 female and 125 male student subjects were selected from all years of MBBS students Session 2016. Results: After detailed study and evaluation of lip patterns of 250 subjects, 96 males and 105 females were correctly identified based upon lip prints. Conclusion: Lip prints can and should be included in the forensic sciences as a means of establishment of individuality especially for criminals.
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Proença, Paula, Carla Monteiro, Carla Mustra, Alda Claro, João Franco, and Francisco Corte-Real. "Identification and Quantification of Antipsychotics in Blood Samples by LC–MS-MS: Case Reports and Data from Three Years of Routine Analysis." Journal of Analytical Toxicology 44, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): 915–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaa100.

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Abstract Antipsychotic drugs (AP) are widely prescribed for the treatment of schizophrenia and psychosis. The pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia is often performed with the simultaneous use of two or more antipsychotic agents to achieve the desired control of psychotic symptoms Available AP include both conventional (typical) and new (atypical) antipsychotic medications. Atypical AP, such as quetiapine, now account for the vast majority of AP prescriptions. In forensic toxicology, AP are of considerable interest because of their potential abuse and their involvement in intoxications and suicides. The authors retrospectively examined AP positive cases detected in samples collected during autopsies performed in the Forensic Clinical and Pathology Service of National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences Centre Branch or in other autopsies carried out in the central region of Portugal, between January 2016 and December 2018. A quantitative liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay was developed for the simultaneous determination of 16 AP (amisulpride, aripiprazole, chlorpromazine, clozapine, cyamemazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, levomepromazine, melperone, olanzapine, paliperidone, promethazine, quetiapine, risperidone, sulpiride and ziprasidone) in blood samples of postmortem cases. The Laboratory of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology received 3,588 requests for toxicological analysis: 1,413 cases were positive for drugs from which 351 (24.8%) cases were positive for AP, 60.1% from male individuals and 39.9% from female. Quetiapine was the most prevalent AP (36.5%) followed by olanzapine (20.8%). During this period, there were 25 postmortem cases with AP blood concentrations above therapeutic range, in which 36% of those are in agreement with the information received (psychological history or acute intoxication suspicion) and the manner of death was suicide. Our results point that antipsychotics are an increasingly prevalent class of drugs. AP must be measured not only in toxic concentrations but also in therapeutic levels in postmortem cases; therefore, it is important to come up with a sensitive method to cover the low therapeutic range in which AP are usually present.
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Ito, Asuka, Hiroshi Kinoshita, Mostofa Jamal, Naoko Tanaka, Tadayoshi Yamashita, and Kiyoshi Ameno. "Toxicological analysis of acetone in a forensic case for the diagnosis of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 19, no. 3 (March 10, 2020): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v19i3.45857.

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Background: A male in his thirties was found dead in his apartment. On the day before he found dead, he had multiple vague physical complaints, including abdominal pain, vomiting, mouth dryness, and chillness. On autopsy, his liver showed extensive fatty changes, but changes in the other organs were unremarkable. Method: Toxicological analysis showed high concentrations of acetone in his blood (1651 μmol/l) and urine (1913 μmol/l), without any measurable amounts of ethanol. Result: Biochemical analysis indicated high levels of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid in the plasma, low levels of plasma C-peptide, and normal levels of hemoglobin A1c. Tests for islet-related antibodies in the plasma yielded negative results. Immunohistological examination indicated selective destruction of the pancreatic islet β cells. Based on these findings, we concluded that the cause of death was fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus associated with diabetic ketoacidosis. Conclusion: Thus, the toxicological analysis of acetone in the blood and urine is important for the diagnosis of death from fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(3) 2020 p.414-419
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Naugler, Christopher, EmadA Mohammed, MostafaM A. Mohamed, and BehrouzH Far. "Peripheral blood smear image analysis: A comprehensive review." Journal of Pathology Informatics 5, no. 1 (2014): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2153-3539.129442.

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Campbell, Rebecca, Hannah Feeney, Giannina Fehler-Cabral, Jessica Shaw, and Sheena Horsford. "The National Problem of Untested Sexual Assault Kits (SAKs): Scope, Causes, and Future Directions for Research, Policy, and Practice." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 18, no. 4 (December 23, 2015): 363–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838015622436.

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Victims of sexual assault are often advised to have a medical forensic exam and sexual assault kit (SAK; also termed a “rape kit”) to preserve physical evidence (e.g., semen, blood, and/or saliva samples) to aid in the investigation and prosecution of the crime. Law enforcement are tasked with submitting the rape kit to a forensic laboratory for DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) analysis, which can be instrumental in identifying offenders in previously unsolved crimes, confirming identify in known-offender assaults, discovering serial rapists, and exonerating individuals wrongly accused. However, a growing number of media stories, investigative advocacy projects, and social science studies indicate that police are not routinely submitting SAKs for forensic testing, and instead rape kits are placed in evidence storage, sometimes for decades. This review article examines the growing national problem of untested rape kits by summarizing current research on the number of untested SAKs in the United States and exploring the underlying reasons why police do not submit this evidence for DNA testing. Recommendations for future research that can guide policy and practice are discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Blood analysis; Forensic science"

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Christian, Syndney Donald. "Factors affecting the life threat to aged persons in domestic dwelling fires." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357170.

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Musiyandaka, Fungisai Lorraine. "Assessment of the suitability of blood samples collected for toxicological analysis for subsequent genetic analysis: A follow-up study one year later." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30930.

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Drug usage, both of a recreational or pharmaceutical nature, is common, however the abuse of such substances is an international problem. In the Western cape, South Africa, the burden of drug-related fatalities is high compared to the rest of the country. The provincial Forensic Pathology Service may encounter cases where drug-related fatalities are unclear whether death was accidental or suicidal, or drug toxicity is inconsistent with the medical/social history. This may be due to genetic alterations with drug metabolism and it has been suggested that genetic analyses may be the next step in these cases. However, toxicology results from the National Forensic Chemistry Laboratory in the Western Cape may be delayed by months to years, meaning that upon interpretation of toxicology results, there is no chance to obtain another blood sample from the deceased individual for genetic analysis. It was therefore important to determine the suitability of blood samples collected and handled in toxicology environments for subsequent genetic tests. Previously, blood samples from 30 post-mortem cases were collected into two red-top (no additives), two grey-top (sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate) and one purple-top (EDTA) tubes. Samples from one red-top and one grey-top tube underwent toxicological analysis, followed by DNA analysis, while the remaining tubes (controls) underwent DNA analysis immediately. All samples were then stored for approximately one year, prior to this study. The DNA analysis was repeated on all blood samples (n = 150) and results were assessed in terms of storage time and tube type. DNA was not significantly degraded in any of the samples; however, DNA from red-top tubes had significantly lower concentrations compared to that from grey-top tubes (p < 0.001), regardless of whether the sample had undergone toxicological analysis. The very low yields of DNA from red-top tubes posed substantial challenges for PCR-based analysis, resulting in poor quality Sanger sequencing results. Some DNA from grey-top tubes, passed the quality assessments and hence further work is required to provide an informed decision on which tube type is better suited for genetic analyses.
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Yang, Chi-ting, and 楊志婷. "Pharmacokinetics of alcohol using breath measures and some statisticalaspects in forensic science." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46506159.

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Smith, Fiona. "Wetting and evaporation of human blood in relation to forensic analysis." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0479.

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La physique de mouillage et de séchage de sang n’est pas encore bien connue. Dans le cadre d’un travail collaboratif, une étude est réalisée afin d’apporter de nouveaux outils aux équipes d’investigations criminelles. L’objectif est de comprendre les dynamiques qui entrent en jeu dans la formation de traces de sang, un fluide complexe. Nous nous intéressons aux traces dites passives telles que l’égouttement ou l’accumulation, qui résultent de l’action de la pesanteur. Nous considérons d’abord les gouttes passives. Le comportement d’impact de gouttes de fluides complexes est un sujet qui a été largement étudié mais suscite encore de vifs débats. Bien que le séchage d’une goutte déposée ait déjà été étudié, ceci n’est pas le cas pour des gouttes qui viennent impacter perpendiculairement une surface, tombant depuis une certaine hauteur. Parallèlement nous étudions le séchage de flaques de sang car leur dynamique de séchage n’a pas été étudiée jusqu’à présent. Différents paramètres tels que la nature des substrats, l’humidité et la température sont pris en compte afin de comprendre le lien entre la typologie des motifs séchés et les phénomènes observés en vue de répondre à des applications criminelles. Enfin des relations empiriques sont établies. Grace à des méthodes inverses, ces relations permettent, par la suite, d’obtenir une estimation de la vitesse d’impact de gouttes séchées
The physics behind wetting and drying of blood is not yet completely understood. In the context of a collaborative project, new techniques have been developed to provide evidence for investigators in crime solving. Given that blood is a complex fluid, the major aim has been to investigate the dynamics involved in the patterns of stain formation. Interest is focused on passive stains, which result from the action of gravity in dripping or blood flow accumulation. In the case of drip stains, the impact behaviour of complex fluid droplets, despite many studies, raises much debate. Although the drying dynamics of a deposited drop of blood were already studied, this is not the case for drops of blood impacting perpendicularly a surface, falling from a certain height. Beside this, until the present work, little attention has been paid to the dynamics controlling the drying of blood pools. In both situations, the influence of different parameters such as substrates, humidity and temperature are examined. Empirical relations are established between final dried blood patterns and the generating mechanism, yielding possible application in blood pattern analysis for forensic investigations. Finally, using inverse methods, the empirical relations allow estimating an impact velocity, for dried drip stains
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Dama, Tavisha. "Development of a method for the utilization of a single sample for presumptive, confirmatory and DNA analysis of blood." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21144.

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Thesis (M.S.F.S) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
In any forensic investigation it is important to consider sample preservation. Oftentimes trace quantities of biological materials are found at crime scenes. The usual practice among forensic analysts is to take one sample of a suspected biological stain for presumptive testing, another for confirmatory testing and if both these results are positive, take a third portion for DNA analysis. This works well when sufficient sample is available, however, when trace quantities of sample are present at crime scenes, sample preservation becomes of importance. Thus, this study attempts to develop a procedure where presumptive, confirmatory and DNA analysis could be carried out on a single portion of the sample. In this study four different presumptive reagents – phenolphthalein, o-tolidine, 3, 3’, 5, 5’- tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and luminol – were used and their effects on the ABAcard® Hematrace® immunochromatographic membrane test and subsequent DNA analysis were studied. In order to develop the method for one-sample analysis, the lowest volume of blood that gave sufficient quantity of DNA was determined by extracting different volumes (20, 10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25 μL) of whole blood. Additionally, different volumes of blood mixed with ABAcard® Hematrace® buffer were extracted. From this preliminary work it was determined that 1.25 μL of whole blood yielded sufficient DNA quantity even when mixed with the ABAcard® Hematrace® buffer. Bloodstains of 1.25 μL were then prepared and the one-sample analysis was carried out. The method developed was most successful when luminol was used as the presumptive reagent. For the bloodstains treated with the other three presumptive reagents (phenolphthalein, o-tolidine and TMB), a decrease in DNA yield was detected. This decrease was attributed to the inability of the Qiagen® QIAmp® column to adsorb the DNA after exposure to the chemical reagents and to the insolubility of the bloodstain in ABAcard® Hematrace® buffer following the addition of presumptive blood test reagents. Extraction of DNA from the ABAcard® Hematrace® immunochromatographic membrane was also carried out using the Qiagen® QIAmp® DNA investigator kit; no DNA was obtained from the membranes on which 150 μL of a dilute blood sample had been applied. This suggests that either the extraction method used was not capable of extracting the minute quantities of DNA that might be present on the membrane or there were insufficient white blood cells deposited on the membrane during the testing process. Thus, a one-sample procedure was successfully developed for bloodstains treated with luminol. A loss/reduction of DNA was observed for the samples previously exposed to phenolphthalein, o-tolidine and TMB due to the incapability of the reagents to work with silicon-based extraction chemistries. Further experimentation is needed to develop a similar procedure to be used with such presumptive testing reagents. Alternatively, a procedure can be developed that utilizes two samples: one for presumptive testing and another for confirmatory and subsequent DNA analysis, since it was observed that only the presumptive reagents, and not the ABAcard® Hematrace® buffer, interfered with DNA analysis.
2031-01-01
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Vuko, Loyiso Abongile Marvin. "Post-mortem toxicogenetics: determining the suitable of blood samples collected for routine toxicological analyses for use in subsequent genetic analyses." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29525.

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South Africa has one of the highest prevalences of drug misuse and abuse in Africa. Salt River Mortuary (Cape Town, South Africa), along with other national Forensic Pathology Service providers, receives many cases of suspected drug-related deaths. In some cases, the traditional autopsy – when viewed together with the decedent's history – is not able to indicate whether a drug-related death is accidental or suicidal in relation to altered drug metabolism. Literature has shown that this can be investigated by sequencing gene(s) encoding the implicated metabolising enzyme(s) in a postmortem genetic analysis. However, as such an analysis would normally be performed following the obtainment of postmortem toxicological results, it is imperative to investigate whether blood samples retrieved back from a toxicology laboratory would be sufficient for the said genetic analysis, despite the handling involved in the process of toxicological investigation. To this end, blood samples from 30 deceased individuals in which drug use/abuse may have contributed to death, were collected into two red-top tubes (plain), two grey-top tubes (containing sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate) and one EDTAcontaining purple-top tube (control). DNA was immediately extracted from one of each colour tube, while the duplicate red-top and grey-top tubes first underwent a process of toxicological analyses, and then underwent DNA extraction. The concentration, degradation, purity, contamination, and quality of DNA were assessed using real-time PCR, spectrophotometry, forensic DNA profiling, and Sanger sequencing. In contrast to the grey-top tubes, the results showed that the red-top tubes were most suitable for the aforementioned genetic analysis. Overall, the study not only demonstrated that postmortem genetic analysis using samples retrieved from a toxicology laboratory is possible in the local context, but also provided guidelines around the pre-analytical phase of the analysis. These results illustrate the opportunity to investigate these toxicogenetic avenues further, particularly in future expansion of services currently provided at Salt River Mortuary, which may provide families more information about circumstances of their relative’s death.
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Miranda, Geraldo Elias 1978. "Analysis of the fluorescence of body fluids on different surfaces based on the age of the sample = Análise da fluorescência de fluidos corporais em diferentes superfícies de acordo com a idade da amostra." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290736.

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Orientador: Eduardo Daruge Junior
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T14:52:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miranda_GeraldoElias_M.pdf: 1300905 bytes, checksum: 727847fefeb94b489d815161f789fc98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: A utilização de técnicas de triagem como a alternate light source (ALS) é importante para encontrar evidências biológicas em uma cena de crime. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se a fluorescência do fluido biológico (sangue, sêmen, saliva e urina) depositado em diferentes superfícies sofre variação em função da idade da amostra. A mancha foi iluminada com uma ALS da marca Megamaxx¿ System e fotografada com o auxílio do Canon EOS Utility¿. A análise das imagens foi feita por meio de uma combinação dos programas Adobe Photoshop¿ e ImageJ¿. O Adobe Photoshop¿ foi utilizado para preparar as fotografias para as análises e o ImageJ¿ para registrar o valor do brilho do pixel da imagem. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos na técnica de análise de variância por meio do ajuste de um modelo linear generalizado misto com dois fatores fixos e um terceiro fator, o tempo, analisado como medidas repetidas no formato de efeito aleatório com matriz de covariância do tipo autorregressivo de primeira ordem. Efeitos significativos tiveram suas médias comparadas duas a duas por meio do teste de Tukey. Pode-se concluir que a fluorescência dos fluidos biológicos analisados variaram em função do tempo em que foram expostos. A fluorescência foi menor quando as amostras estavam úmidas e permaneceram constantes quando estavam secas até o tempo máximo analisado (60 dias), independentemente do substrato em que o fluido foi depositado. Portanto, o perito forense pode detectar fluidos biológicos no local do crime usando uma ALS mesmo após vários dias da ocorrência do crime
Abstract: The use of screening techniques, such as an alternative light source (ALS), is important for finding biological evidence at a crime scene. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether biological fluid (blood, semen, saliva, and urine) deposited on different surfaces changes as a function of the age of the sample. Stains were illuminated with a Megamaxx¿ ALS System and photographed with a Canon¿ camera. Adobe Photoshop¿ was utilized to prepare photographs for analysis, and then ImageJ¿ was used to record the brightness values of pixels in the images. Data were submitted to analysis of variance using a generalized linear mixed model with two fixed effects (surface and fluid). Time was treated as a random effect (through repeated measures) with a first-order autoregressive covariance structure. Means of significant effects were compared by the Tukey test. In all tests, a 5% level of significance was established. The fluorescence of the analyzed biological material varied depending on the age of the sample. Fluorescence was lower when the samples were moist. Fluorescence remained constant when the sample was dry, up to the maximum period analyzed (60 days), independent of the substrate on which the fluid was deposited. Therefore, the forensic expert can detect biological fluids at the crime scene using an ALS even several days after a crime has occurred
Mestrado
Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental
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Wells, Joanna Kathleen. "Investigation of factors affecting the region of origin estimate in bloodstain pattern analysis." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1419.

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The causes of errors in the angle of impact calculation were investigated including the surface type, falling velocity and the method used to fit an ellipse to a bloodstain. As had been cited previously the angle of impact was generally underestimated, especially at acute angles and the reason for this was determined to be due to an overestimation of the length of a bloodstain. The surface type was found to significantly affect the accuracy of an angle of impact calculation and as the falling velocity increased, the angle of impact calculation became more accurate. High-speed photography was used to further investigate the formation of bloodstains on surfaces. It was found that the formation of the bloodstain varied depending on the surface type and the angle of the surface. Bloodstain pattern analysis involves the application of scientific techniques to reconstruct events that resulted in a bloodstain pattern. The position of the blood source in three-dimensional space is a fundamental element of this application. Currently little is known about the methods used by bloodstain pattern analysts to select bloodstains when determining the region of origin. Fourteen analysts worldwide were surveyed in order to ascertain this information. It was found that the methods used were variable and were often not based on scientific research. Research was therefore undertaken into bloodstain selection and in particular, which bloodstains should be selected for a region of origin analysis. As a result of these experiments, two sets of selection criteria were established, one for use when the region of origin is being calculated manually and one for when directional analysis is being used.
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Hussain, Munir. "Endogenous cardioactive substances in blood : effects on the isolated guinea-pig atria." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1991. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20393/.

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Investigations were made into the role of blood-borne substances affecting myocardial contractility. Isolated left and right guinea-pig au -ia were used as bioassay for the detection of endogenous cardiotonic substances in bovine serum. Results show that serum that had been buffer exchanged to Krebs-Henseleit by dialysis or Sephadex G-25, produced positive inotropic and positive chronotropic effects on the isolated guinea-pig au-ia. The hypodynamic state was not a prerequisite for the detection of cardioactivity. The cardioactive effectswere not blocked by the combined presence of propranolol and methysergide (both 10 6M) and were also dissimilar in time course from other known cardiotonic agents such as noradrénaline, isoprenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and cardiac glycosides. After ultrafiltration on Amicon diaflo membranes (XM100A and PM30A) activity was found solely in the retentate fractions. The ultrafiltrates were devoid of positive inotropic and chronotropic actions. Since the molecular weight cut-off of the XM100A membranes was 100 Kilodaltons, it is probable that the active principle is greater than 100 kilodaltons. Alternatively, a smaller active substance may be bound to a large protein. The cardioaciive factor in whole bovine serum was heat labile and lost after 30 minutes incubation at 70 0C or boiling for 10 minutes. Activity of whole bovine serum was not cold labile during a 30 minute incubation at 0°C. Activity was also present after dialysis at 4-8 °C for up to 48 hours. Cardioactivity of whole serum was lost following acidification to pH 5.0 at 4-8 0C for 24 hours. This experiment was extended to include a wider range of pH values between 4.5 and 75. The positive inotropic and chronotropic activities of serum were markedly reduced at acidic pH values. The cardioactive factor was also lost after equilibration of serum to physiological buffers of a low ionic strength. The loss of activity was independent of the nature of the buffer and was prevented by raising the ionic strength with the addition of NaCl. The cardiotonic principle was also sensitive to the addition of KBr but not equimolar (or higher) concentrations of KCI or NaCl. The above results taken together would be consistent with a proteinaceous nature of the active substance. The major purification methods therefore employed included precipitation techniques involving (NH4)2SO4 and polyethyleneglycol-8000, ion exchange, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and gel filtration. Attempts to isolate and purify the cardiotonic agent were largely unsuccessful due, particularly, to the labile nature of the active molecule when exposed to non-physiological experimental conditions. Investigations in to the cellular mechanism of action of the cardioactive factor in buffer exchanged serum suggested that the effects may perhaps be mediated by increases in the level of endogenous cyclic AMP and not via inhibition of the N a+,Kt ATPase. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated the existence of a factor in bovine serum that produced positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the isolated guinea-pig au-ia. Properties of the cardioactive factor suggest the existence of a novel proteinaceous substance with some previously unidentified characteristics.
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Counsil, Tyler I. "Real-time RNA-based amplification allows for sensitive forensic blood evidence analysis." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1391475.

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The purpose of this experiment was to determine if nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) is a suitable application for the differentiation of body fluids that might comprise a forensic evidence sample. NASBA is a sensitive RNA transcription based amplification system. NASBA could theorhetically be used for bodily fluid identification based upon amplification of tissue-specific mRNA transcripts present in a given forensic sample.Amplification of both Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 1 (MMPmRNA transcripts were used to determine that NASBA could amplify body fluid transcripts and whether it could distinguish between menstrual and non-menstrual blood, respectively. GAPDH is a housekeeping gene that is constituently expressed and its mRNA transcripts could therefore be used to determine whether non-menstrual blood could be amplified using the NASBA procedure. MMP 11 is a menstrual cycle-specific gene associated with endometrial breakdown. Using the mRNA transcripts from MMP 11, NASBA could be utilized for menstrual blood identification. In this study, non-menstrual and menstrual blood samples were analyzed with NASBA both in the presence and absence of chemical contamination. Contaminants utilized ranged from commercial automotive wax, transmission fluid, brake fluid, artificial tears, hand soap, 10% bleach, and the luminol blood detecting reagent. Non-menstrual blood was aliquoted onto a 1 cm x 1 cm cotton cloth for contamination, while menstrual blood was provided on a 1 cm x 1 cm area of sterile menstrual pad. All samples underwent Tri reagent extraction to obtain RNA samples for NASBA amplification.With respect to NASBA amplification data, non-menstrual blood data (from extracted RNA and unextracted blood samples) revealed the highest levels of amplification as shown in relative fluorescence units (RFU). Uncontaminated menstrual blood revealed the second highest amplification data. In the presence of chemical contamination, high levels of amplification were observed when samples were contaminated with brake fluid and commercial hand soap. Moderately low amplification was observed with samples contaminated with transmission fluid, 10% bleach, and artificial tears. NASBA amplification was completely inhibited in the presence of automotive wax and luminol. Cycle threshold (CO values for each amplification result were also obtained from each reaction. Smaller Ct values correspond to a higher NASBAreaction efficiency and therefore larger amplification values. The Ct values obtained for each amplified sample correlate strongly with the amount of amplification observed from reaction. Based upon the results of this experiment, NASBA should be considered as a novel tool for forensic evidence analysis.
Department of Biology
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Books on the topic "Blood analysis; Forensic science"

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Frank, Tirnady, ed. Blood evidence: How DNA is revolutionizing the way we solve crimes. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Pub., 2003.

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Rudin, Norah. Forensic DNA analysis: Protocols in forensic science. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 2002.

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F, Dunn Patrick, ed. Uncertainty analysis for forensic science. 2nd ed. Tucson, Ariz: Lawyers & Judges Pub., 2009.

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Brach, Raymond M. Uncertainty analysis for forensic science. 2nd ed. Tucson, Ariz: Lawyers & Judges Pub., 2009.

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Zadora, Grzegorz, Agnieszka Martyna, Daniel Ramos, and Colin Aitken. Statistical Analysis in Forensic Science. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118763155.

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Taroni, Franco, Silvia Bozza, Alex Biedermann, Paolo Garbolino, and Colin Aitken. Data Analysis in Forensic Science. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470665084.

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File system forensic analysis. Boston, Mass: Addison-Wesley, 2005.

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Rainis, Kenneth G. Blood & DNA evidence: Crime-solving science experiments. Berkeley Heights, N.J: Enslow Publishers, 2006.

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A, Dolan Julia, and Newman Reta, eds. Fire debris analysis. Boston, Mass: Academic Press, 2008.

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Taroni, Franco. Data analysis in forensic science: A Bayesian decision perspective. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Blood analysis; Forensic science"

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Aalders, Maurice, and Leah Wilk. "Investigating the Age of Blood Traces: How Close Are We to Finding the Holy Grail of Forensic Science?" In Emerging Technologies for the Analysis of Forensic Traces, 109–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20542-3_7.

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Gannicliffe, Chris. "End User Commentary on Investigating the Age of Blood Traces: How Close Are We to Finding the Holy Grail of Forensic Science?" In Emerging Technologies for the Analysis of Forensic Traces, 129–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20542-3_8.

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Yáñez-Sedeño, Paloma, Lourdes Agüí, and José Manuel Pingarrón. "Biosensors in Forensic Analysis." In Forensic Science, 215–62. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527693535.ch11.

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Tutsch-Bauer, E., G. M. Weichhold, and E. Josephi. "Blood Group Typing and PCR-Analysis in Stored Blood Samples." In Advances in Forensic Haemogenetics, 304–6. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78782-9_79.

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Mukoyama, Harutaka, and Sueshige Seta. "The Determination of Blood Groups in Tissue Samples." In Forensic Science Progress, 37–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69400-4_2.

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Larkin, Bethany A. J., and Craig E. Banks. "Recent Advances in Bloodstain Pattern Analysis." In Forensic Science, 263–81. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527693535.ch12.

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Katz, Evgeny, Jan Halámek, Lenka Halámková, Saira Bakshi, Juliana Agudelo, and Crystal Huynh. "Biochemical Analysis of Biomarkers for Forensic Applications." In Forensic Science, 151–76. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527693535.ch8.

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Klempner, Stacey, Desiree Williams, Kelsha Sanchez, and Richard Li. "Processing Skeletal Samples for Forensic DNA Analysis." In Forensic Science, 177–92. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527693535.ch9.

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Koçak, Ali. "Applications of Internal Reflection Spectroscopy in Forensic Analysis." In Forensic Science, 55–69. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527693535.ch3.

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Wang, Joseph, and Aoife M. O'Mahony. "Electrochemical Detection of Gunshot Residue for Forensic Analysis." In Forensic Science, 103–24. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527693535.ch6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Blood analysis; Forensic science"

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"EXTRACTION OF BLOOD DROPLET FLIGHT TRAJECTORIES FROM VIDEOS FOR FORENSIC ANALYSIS." In International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003770201420153.

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Li, Xiaojie, and Adams Wai-Kin Kong. "Restoring blood vessel patterns from JPEG compressed skin images for forensic analysis." In 2013 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wifs.2013.6707788.

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Yin, Lianfu. "Research on Windows Physical Memory Forensic Analysis." In 2012 Fourth International Symposium on Information Science and Engineering (ISISE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isise.2012.119.

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Zhang, Yu, Binglong Li, and Yifeng Sun. "Android Encryption Database Forensic Analysis Based on Static Analysis." In CSAE 2020: The 4th International Conference on Computer Science and Application Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3424978.3425068.

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Sedighi, Art, and Doug Jacobson. "Forensic Analysis of Cloud Virtual Environments." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE) and IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cse/euc.2019.00068.

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Hachem, Mayssa, Bhoopesh Kumar Sharma, Ahmed El Naggar, Ishani Pilankar, and Nashrah Anwar. "Systematic Approaches For Soil Analysis in Forensic Investigation." In 2020 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aset48392.2020.9118299.

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Heizmann, Michael, and Fernando Puente Leon. "Model-based analysis of striation patterns in forensic science." In Enabling Technologies for Law Enforcement, edited by Simon K. Bramble, Edward M. Carapezza, and Lenny I. Rudin. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.417572.

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Sacchetin, Marcelo, André Gregio, Luiz Duarte, and Antonio Montes. "Botnet Detection and Analysis Using Honeynet." In The Second International Conference on Forensic Computer Science. ABEAT, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5769/c2007003.

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Chang, Young-Hyun, Kyung-Bae Yoon, and Dea-Woo Park. "Technology for Forensic Analysis of Synchronized Smartphone Backup Data." In 2013 International Conference on Information Science and Applications (ICISA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icisa.2013.6579430.

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"Mobile Social Network Forensic Analysis Based on Visualization Method." In 2017 6th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Computer Science. Clausius Scientific Press Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/icamcs.2017.1013.

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Reports on the topic "Blood analysis; Forensic science"

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Reilly, Dallas D. Molecular Forensic Science Analysis of Nuclear Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1053139.

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Ekstrand, Laura. Virtual tool mark generation for efficient striation analysis in forensic science. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1082973.

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Jones, Nicole S., and Gerald LaPorte. 2017 National Institute of Justice Forensic Science Research and Development Symposium. RTI Press, May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.cp.0004.1705.

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The 2017 National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Forensic Science Research and Development (R&D) Symposium is intended to promote collaboration and enhance knowledge transfer of NIJ-funded research. The NIJ Forensic Science R&D Program funds both basic or applied R&D projects that will (1) increase the body of knowledge to guide and inform forensic science policy and practice or (2) result in the production of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods that have the potential for forensic application. The intent of this program is to direct the findings of basic scientific research; research and development in broader scientific fields applicable to forensic science; and ongoing forensic science research toward the development of highly discriminating, accurate, reliable, cost-effective, and rapid methods for the identification, analysis, and interpretation of physical evidence for criminal justice purposes.
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Jones, Nicole S. 2018 National Institute of Justice Forensic Science Research and Development Symposium. RTI Press, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.cp.0007.1804.

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The 2018 National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Forensic Science Research and Development (R&D) Symposium is intended to promote collaboration and enhance knowledge transfer of NIJ-funded research. The NIJ Forensic Science R&D Program funds both basic or applied R&D projects that will (1) increase the body of knowledge to guide and inform forensic science policy and practice or (2) result in the production of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods that have the potential for forensic application. The intent of this program is to direct the findings of basic scientific research; research and development in broader scientific fields applicable to forensic science; and ongoing forensic science research toward the development of highly discriminating, accurate, reliable, cost-effective, and rapid methods for the identification, analysis, and interpretation of physical evidence for criminal justice purposes.
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Jones, Nicole S., and Erica Fornaro, eds. 2019 National Institute of Justice Forensic Science Research and Development Symposium. RTI Press, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.cp.0009.1902.

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The 2019 National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Forensic Science Research and Development (R&D) Symposium is intended to promote collaboration and enhance knowledge transfer of NIJ-funded research. The NIJ Forensic Science R&D Program funds both basic or applied R&D projects that will (1) increase the body of knowledge to guide and inform forensic science policy and practice or (2) result in the production of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods that have the potential for forensic application. The intent of this program is to direct the findings of basic scientific research; research and development in broader scientific fields applicable to forensic science; and ongoing forensic science research toward the development of highly discriminating, accurate, reliable, cost-effective, and rapid methods for the identification, analysis, and interpretation of physical evidence for criminal justice purposes.
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Jones, Nicole S., and Erica Fornaro, eds. 2020 National Institute of Justice Forensic Science Research and Development Symposium. RTI Press, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.cp.0012.2003.

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The 2019 National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Forensic Science Research and Development (R&D) Symposium is intended to promote collaboration and enhance knowledge transfer of NIJ-funded research. The NIJ Forensic Science R&D Program funds both basic or applied R&D projects that will (1) increase the body of knowledge to guide and inform forensic science policy and practice or (2) result in the production of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods that have the potential for forensic application. The intent of this program is to direct the findings of basic scientific research; research and development in broader scientific fields applicable to forensic science; and ongoing forensic science research toward the development of highly discriminating, accurate, reliable, cost-effective, and rapid methods for the identification, analysis, and interpretation of physical evidence for criminal justice purposes.
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Jones, Nicole S., and Erica Fornaro. 2021 National Institute of Justice Forensic Science Research and Development Symposium. RTI Press, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.cp.0013.2104.

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The 2021 National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Forensic Science Research and Development (R&D) Symposium is intended to promote collaboration and enhance knowledge transfer of NIJ-funded research. The NIJ Forensic Science R&D Program funds both basic or applied R&D projects that will (1) increase the body of knowledge to guide and inform forensic science policy and practice or (2) result in the production of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods that have the potential for forensic application. The intent of this program is to direct the findings of basic scientific research; research and development in broader scientific fields applicable to forensic science; and ongoing forensic science research toward the development of highly discriminating, accurate, reliable, cost-effective, and rapid methods for the identification, analysis, and interpretation of physical evidence for criminal justice purposes.
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Nic Daeid, Niamh, Heather Doran, Lucina Hackman, and Pauline Mack. The Curse of the Burial Dagger Teacher Materials. University of Dundee, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001220.

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The Curse of the Burial Dagger is an interactive graphic novel murder mystery, created by the Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science and digital story studio Fast Familiar. Players use maths, logic and critical reasoning skills to assist Susie uncover different types of forensic evidence and weigh up contrasting hypotheses. Can they uncover the events leading up to Lord Hamilton’s death and deduce how he died…before the curse strikes again? These documents are the Teacher/Group lead pack which contain additional resources including: • The Teacher/Group Lead Pack – Teacher walk through – Factsheet – What is Forensic Science? – Factsheet – What is a hypothesis? – Marzipan Calculation – Factsheet and activity – Fingerprint Analysis – Activity – Chromatography investigation • Printable completion certificate • Printable Note paper and fact-sheet
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