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Journal articles on the topic 'Blood and body fluids occupational exposure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Pérez Ibarra, Lis Kharinne. "Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids." DEL NACIONAL 10, no. 1 (2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.18004/rdn2018.0010.01.001-003.

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Walley, Siân. "Reporting occupational exposure to blood and body fluids." Dental Nursing 10, no. 10 (2014): 608–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denn.2014.10.10.608.

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3

O'Malley, Emily M., R. Douglas Scott, Julie Gayle, et al. "Costs of Management of Occupational Exposures to Blood and Body Fluids." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 28, no. 7 (2007): 774–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/518729.

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Objective.To determine the cost of management of occupational exposures to blood and body fluids.Design.A convenience sample of 4 healthcare facilities provided information on the cost of management of occupational exposures that varied in type, severity, and exposure source infection status. Detailed information was collected on time spent reporting, managing, and following up the exposures; salaries (including benefits) for representative staff who sustained and who managed exposures; and costs (not charges) for laboratory testing of exposure sources and exposed healthcare personnel, as well

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4

Pham Thi Bich Ngoc and Hoang Thi Minh Thai. "Final-year nursing students' attitude of Nam Dinh University of Nursing towards preventing exposure to blood and body fluids." International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive 1, no. 2 (2021): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijbpsa.2021.1.2.0031.

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Positive attitude towards occupational exposure can help nursing students self-correct their behavior in the prevention of blood and body fluid exposure. Objective: Describe final-year nursing students’ attitude of Nam Dinh University of Nursing towards preventing exposures to blood and body fluids. Subject and method: Final year full-time nursing students were randomly selected to answer questionnaires. Results: The mean score of the attitude towards the prevention of exposure to blood and body fluids was 3.69 ± 0.22 points. In which, mean scores of students’ attitude towards severity; the im

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Ricketts, Maura, Linda Deschamps, Kimberly Elmslie, and Michael O’Shaughnessy. "National Surveillance of Occupational Exposure to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 3, no. 6 (1992): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1992/269172.

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In September 1985, a prospective study was initiated to monitor the occurrence of occupational exposures to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected blood and body fluids in Canada. This program was coordinated by the Federal Centre for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (now the Division of HIV/AIDSEpidemiology at the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control). The objective was to determine the risk to workers of acquiring HIV infection as a result of exposure to HIV-infected blood and other body fluids. To be eligible, a worker must have sustained a documented parenteral, mucous memb

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Ngoc, Pham Thi Bich, Hoang Thi Minh Thai, and Dinh TRan Ngoc Huy. "Further Analysis of Attitude of Last Year Nursing Students in Nam Dinh University of Nursing for Blood and Body Fluids Prevention." International Journal of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technology 1, no. 3 (2021): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijamst.b3006.061321.

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This study conducted at Nam Dinh University of Nursing based on concept that Positive attitude towards occupational exposure can help nursing students self-correct their behavior in the prevention of blood and body fluid exposure. This paper aims to describe final-year nursing students’ attitude of Nam Dinh University of Nursing towards preventing exposures to blood and body fluids. Related to research methods, Final year full-time nursing students were randomly selected to answer questionnaires. Research results show The mean score of the attitude towards the prevention of exposure to blood a

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Abere, Giziew, Dawit Getachew Yenealem, and Sintayehu Daba Wami. "Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids among Health Care Workers in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia: A Result from Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (May 15, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3640247.

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Background. Health care workers are at the greatest risk of developing blood-borne diseases through occupational exposure to blood and other contaminated body fluids. Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids (BBFs) continues to be the major public health problems and serious concern for the health care force in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of exposure to blood and other body fluids and its associated risk factors among health care workers. Methods. The institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed from January 20 to February 30, 2018

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Askew, Shana M. "Occupational Exposures to Blood and Body Fluid." AAOHN Journal 55, no. 9 (2007): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507990705500904.

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Medical students and health professions students may be at high risk for occupational exposures to blood-borne pathogens. This retrospective chart review explored the rates and types of self-reported blood and body fluid exposures among medical students and health professions students at Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS), the University of Virginia School of Medicine, and Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2005, to determine an average rate of exposure reported by the student population at EVMS and in Virginia. Students at EVMS re

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von Guttenberg, Yvonne, and Jeff Spickett. "A Survey of Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids in Physiotherapists in Western Australia." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 21, no. 4 (2009): 508–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539509344608.

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The aim of this pilot project was to investigate the occurrence of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids in registered physiotherapists in Western Australia. Surveys were sent to physiotherapists with questions regarding personal background, exposure characteristics, and contributing factors included. Descriptive statistical methods were used to identify the area of practice posing the highest risk of exposure to physiotherapists. The authors found that 56.1% of surveyed physiotherapists recorded one or more exposures within the past 5 years. Work in hospitals was found to carry the h

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Treakle, Amy M., Maureen Schultz, George P. Giannakos, Patrick C. Joyce, and Fred M. Gordin. "Evaluating a Decade of Exposures to Blood and Body Fluids in an Inner-City Teaching Hospital." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 32, no. 9 (2011): 903–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/661281.

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Objective.To analyze a decade of hospital staff and student exposures to blood and body fluids (BBF) and to identify risk factors relevant to prevention strategies.Design.Retrospective review of a 1999–2008 data set of BBF exposures. The data, maintained by occupational health staff, detailed the type of exposure, the setting in which the exposure occurred, and the occupational group of the BBF-exposed personnel.Setting.Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VA-DC), an inner-city tertiary care hospital.Participants.All healthcare workers and staff at the VA-DC.Methods.Review of databas

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Musa, Sanjin, Corinne Peek-Asa, Tracy Young, and Nina Jovanović. "Needle Stick Injuries, Sharp Injuries and other Occupational Exposures to Blood and Body Fluids among Health Care Workers in a general hospital in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 4, no. 1 (2015): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v4i1.9847.

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Correction: On 2nd January 2018, the following authors were added to the online version of this article: Corinne Peek-Asa, Tracy Young and Nina Jovanović. They were always on the PDF of the article. The editor apologises for this error.Background: Professional exposures of health care workers (HCW) to potentially infective blood and body fluids presents a serious health threat, including hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV transmission. This study was conducted to assess the risk for and reporting of needlestick injuries, sharp injuries and other occupational exposures of health care workers in a

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12

Parneix, P., A. Vincent, F. L'Hériteau, et al. "O17 Surveillance of occupational blood and body fluids exposures." International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 29 (March 2007): S3—S4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-8579(07)70016-x.

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13

Markovic-Denic, Ljiljana, Milos Brankovic, Natasa Maksimovic, et al. "Occupational exposures to blood and body fluids among health care workers at university hospitals." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 141, no. 11-12 (2013): 789–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1312789m.

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Introduction. Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids is a serious concern of health care workers and presents a major risk of transmission of infections such as human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and circumstances of occupational blood and body fluid exposures among health care workers. Methods. Cross-sectional study was conducted in three university hospitals in Belgrade. Anonymous questionnaire was used containing data about demographic characteristics, self-reporte

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Shivalli, Siddharudha. "Occupational Exposure to HIV: Perceptions and Preventive Practices of Indian Nursing Students." Advances in Preventive Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/296148.

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Introduction. Nurses have a frontier caring role that brings them in close contact with patients' blood and body fluids. An understanding of their professional behavior is essential to assess and minimize the occupational exposure to HIV among them.Objectives. (1) To appraise the knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices of nursing students pertaining to occupational exposure to HIV. (2) To quantify the risk and correlates of exposure to HIV among them.Methodology. Cross-sectional study was conducted in a nursing college of Varanasi, India. A semistructured and pretested pro forma consist

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Markovic-Denic, Ljiljana, Natasa Maksimovic, Vuk Marusic, Jelena Vucicevic, Irena Ostric, and Dusan Djuric. "Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids among Health-Care Workers in Serbia." Medical Principles and Practice 24, no. 1 (2014): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000368234.

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16

Bayar, Filiz, R. Erkal Ozkan, and Dilek Tas. "Occupational Exposures to Blood and Body Fluids among Healthcare Personnel." Journal of Medical Sciences and Health 02, no. 02 (2016): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46347/jmsh.2016.v02i02.003.

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17

Tarantola, Amaud, Franck Golliot, Pascal Astagneau, Laurent Fleury, Gilles Brücker, and Elisabeth Bouvet. "Occupational blood and body fluids exposures in health care workers." American Journal of Infection Control 31, no. 6 (2003): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-6553(03)00040-3.

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Azap, Alpay, Önder Ergönül, Kemal O. Memikoğlu, et al. "Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among health care workers in Ankara, Turkey." American Journal of Infection Control 33, no. 1 (2005): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2004.08.004.

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BI, P., P. J. TULLY, S. PEARCE, and J. E. HILLER. "Occupational blood and body fluid exposure in an Australian teaching hospital." Epidemiology and Infection 134, no. 3 (2005): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268805005212.

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To examine work-related blood and body fluid exposure (BBFE) among health-care workers (HCWs), to explore potential risk factors and to provide policy suggestions, a 6-year retrospective study of all reported BBFE among HCWs (1998–2003) was conducted in a 430-bed teaching hospital in Australia. Results showed that BBFE reporting was consistent throughout the study period, with medical staff experiencing the highest rate of sharps injury (10·4%). Hollow-bore needles were implicated in 51·7% of all percutaneous injuries. Most incidents occurred during sharps use (40·4%) or after use but before d

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20

Tao, Xiubin, Hui Peng, Lihua Qian, et al. "Occupational Exposure to Positive Blood and Body Fluids among Health Care Workers in a Chinese University Hospital: A Three Years Retrospective Study." Global Journal of Health Science 9, no. 4 (2016): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n4p156.

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<p>Health care workers (HCWs) are exposed to blood and body fluids (BBF) due to occupational accidents. However, few studies have investigated the prevalence of occupational exposure in Chinese HCWs thus far. There is a clearly a critical need to characterize its epidemiology more fully in China so that effective prevention programs can be implemented. We conducted a retrospective study at a university hospital in China, giving an epidemiological analysis on these exposed HCWs whose pathogens of BBF from patients were positive [human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / hepatitis B (HBV) / hep

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21

Sass, Jennifer, Kathy Bertolone, Diane Denton, and M. Cynthia Logsdon. "Exposure to Blood and Body Fluid." AAOHN Journal 43, no. 10 (1995): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507999504301004.

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Due to lack of previous research, this study examined the factors associated with non-compliance in follow up human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing among health care workers after blood and/or body fluid exposure. A descriptive correlation design was used with 178 health care workers who did not return for recommended follow up HIV testing post-blood and/or body fluid exposure at three urban hospitals. The 36 question Likert scale was designed to measure the five concepts of the Health Belief Model: susceptibility, seriousness, benefit, barriers, and health motivation. The internal consis

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Shrestha, Moonu, and Srijana Karki. "Knowledge regarding Occupational Health Hazards among Nurses in a Hospital, Rupandehi, Nepal." Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 7, no. 2 (2019): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v7i2.27138.

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INTRODUCTION: Health organizations are characterized by multidimensional and complex environment that makes nurses prone to occupational hazards and injuries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the knowledge regarding occupational health hazards among nurses. Sixty one respondents were selected as the study sample by using enumerative sampling method. Self- administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data and collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software version 16.

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23

Dunleavy, K., A. Taylor, J. Gow, B. Cullen, and K. Roy. "Police officer anxiety after occupational blood and body fluid exposure." Occupational Medicine 62, no. 5 (2012): 382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs078.

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24

Borg, Michael A. "Hepatitis B transmission through blood and body fluids exposure of school personnel." Occupational Medicine 55, no. 2 (2005): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqi031.

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25

van Gemert-Pijnen, J., M. G. R. Hendrix, J. Van der Palen, and P. J. Schellens. "Effectiveness of protocols for preventing occupational exposure to blood and body fluids in Dutch hospitals." Journal of Hospital Infection 62, no. 2 (2006): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2005.07.010.

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26

Romero de Molinas, Luz Gricelda. "Protocol for surveillance and management of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids. National Hospital. 2017." DEL NACIONAL 10, no. 1 (2018): 92–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.18004/rdn2018.0010.01.092-123.

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Fahey, Barbara J., Susan E. Beekmann, James M. Schmitt, Joan M. Fedio, and David K. Henderson. "Managing Occupational Exposures to HIV-1 in the Healthcare Workplace." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 14, no. 7 (1993): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/646770.

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Managing occupational exposures to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the healthcare workplace remains both controversial and complex. Healthcare workers' perceptions of risk for occupational transmission of HIV-1, their knowledge of risk-reduction strategies, and their perceptions about appropriate postexposure management are all derived from an intricate interplay of scientific, political, social, and emotional sources. Following an occupational exposure to blood or blood-containing body fluids, a healthcare worker's immediate emotional response may be extreme gut-wrenching anxie

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Deitchman, S., J. Decker, T. Buchta, and M. Petersen. "Occupational exposures to blood and body fluids in a small community hospital." American Journal of Infection Control 22, no. 2 (1994): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-6553(94)90208-9.

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Wald, Jaye. "The psychological consequences of occupational blood and body fluid exposure injuries." Disability and Rehabilitation 31, no. 23 (2009): 1963–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638280902874147.

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Davanzo, Elisabetta, Clara Frasson, Marta Morandin, and Andrea Trevisan. "Occupational blood and body fluid exposure of university health care workers." American Journal of Infection Control 36, no. 10 (2008): 753–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2008.04.254.

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Markovic-Denic, Ljiljana, Irena Ostric, Andrija Pavlovic, and Dimitra Kalimanovska-Ostric. "Knowledge and occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among health care workers and medical students." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 59, no. 1 (2012): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci1201071m.

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Introduction: Health workers and medical students are at occupational risk of blood-borne diseases during the accidents, that is, via percutaneous injury or entry of blood or body fluids through the mucosa or injured skin. Objective: to review and analyze the knowledge, attitudes and perception of risks of blood-borne diseases of the clinical course students and health workers as well as the frequency of accidents. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out among the students of the Faculty of Medicine in Belgrade, and health workers of the Clinical Center of Serbia. The subje

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Martín-Ancel, Ana, María Luisa Casas, and Bartolomé Bonet. "Implications of Postvaccination Hepatitis B Surface Antigenemia in the Management of Exposures to Body Fluids." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 25, no. 7 (2004): 611–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/502449.

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AbstractA neonate vaccinated against HBV was the source of an occupational exposure to blood. She was tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and found to be positive, leading to unnecessary treatment, retesting, and concern. Evaluation of the infectious status of HBV should rely on other means if vaccination has recently occurred.

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Guleri, Sunil K., and Ram K. Panika. "A cross-sectional observational study to assess the awareness regarding needle prick injuries among health care providers of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Madhya Pradesh, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 6 (2019): 2440. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192090.

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Background: Health care workers (HCW) are at risk of an occupational exposure to blood borne diseases like HIV and Hepatitis B through accidental needle stick injuries. This study was conducted to assess the awareness regarding needle prick injuries among health care providers and their exposure to NSIs in a tertiary care medical college hospital with 750 bed capacity.Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted on 300 voluntarily participated HCWs out of total 650 HCWs. A semi structured questionnaire was used to assess their knowledge about exposure to blood and body fluid

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Nmadu, AwawuGrace, Kabir Sabitu, and IstifanusAnekoson Joshua. "Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among primary health-care workers in Kaduna State, Nigeria." Journal of Medicine in the Tropics 18, no. 2 (2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2276-7096.192223.

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Zhang, Min, Huanqiang Wang, Jianying Miao, Xieyi Du, Tao Li, and Zhenglai Wu. "Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among health care workers in a general hospital, China." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 52, no. 2 (2009): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20645.

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36

Wang, Daifang, Yan Ye, and Qiang Zheng. "Cost of Blood and Body Fluid Occupational Exposure Management in Beijing, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (2020): 4192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124192.

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(1) Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the cost of blood and body fluid (BBF) occupational exposure management in healthcare facilities in Beijing, China. (2) Methods: A survey was conducted from August to October 2018, seeking general information concerning the management of occupational exposure to BBF and the cost of the management process. In total, 216 healthcare facilities were surveyed, using a stratified-selection method. The collected information included BBF management protocols, direct costs such as laboratory testing fees, drug costs and medical service fees, as well

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Aynalem Tesfay, Filmawit, and Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold. "Assessment of Prevalence and Determinants of Occupational Exposure to HIV Infection among Healthcare Workers in Selected Health Institutions in Debre Berhan Town, North Shoa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2014." AIDS Research and Treatment 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/731848.

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Introduction. Health care workers are exposed to different kinds of occupational hazards due to their day to day activities. The most common occupational exposure like body fluids is a potential risk of transmission of blood-borne infection like human immunodeficiency virus.Objective.To assess the prevalence and determinants of occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus infection.Methods and Materials. A descriptive cross-sectional institution based study was conducted in selected four health institutions in Debre Berhan town. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using s

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Naghavi, S. H. R., and K. A. Sanati. "Accidental blood and body fluid exposure among doctors." Occupational Medicine 59, no. 2 (2009): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqn167.

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Sarkar, Paramita, and Saibendu Kumar Lahiri. "Post exposure prophylaxis for HIV among healthcare workers due to occupational exposure: a record based study at a tertiary care teaching hospital of Kolkata." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 5 (2021): 2503. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211782.

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Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) regularly face the risk of exposure to sharp injuries and splashes as an occupational hazard, which presents major risk for acquiring blood-borne infectious agents like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which can be minimized by taking post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) measures. There are limited studies from India documenting details of PEP for HIV. This record-based study aimed to determine the occurrence of needle stick injuries (NSIs) and other high-risk occupational exposures to blood and body fluids (BBFs) among HCWs in a tertiary care hospital, Kolka

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Landrum, Michael L., Clarissa H. Wilson, Luci P. Perii, Sandra L. Hannibal, and Robert J. O'Connell. "Usefulness of a Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Antibody Test for the Management of Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluid." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 26, no. 9 (2005): 768–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/502615.

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AbstractObjective:To describe the usefulness of the OraQuick Rapid HIV-1 Antibody Test (OraSure Technologies, Bethlehem, PA) in cases of occupational exposure regarding its use with source-patient sera, effects on post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) use, potential cost savings, and effects on healthcare worker (HCW) stress reaction symptoms.Design:Before-and-after analysis.Setting:A 269-bed, tertiary-care medical center with adjacent clinics.Participants:All source-patients and HCWs experiencing an occupational exposure during the study period.Methods:Use of the OraQuick test with patient sera was

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Wang, D., Y. Ye, and Q. Zheng. "PIN70 COST OF BLOOD AND BODY FLUID OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE MANAGEMENT IN CHINA." Value in Health 23 (May 2020): S180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2020.04.534.

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Lionel, K., J. John, and J. Muliyil. "Estimation of Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluid Among Healthcare Trainees." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 12 (December 2008): e353-e354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.942.

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Venier, A. G., A. Vincent, F. L'Hériteau, et al. "Surveillance of Occupational Blood and Body Fluid Exposures Among French Healthcare Workers in 2004." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 28, no. 10 (2007): 1196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/520742.

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Objective.To estimate the incidence rate of reported occupational blood and body fluid exposures among French healthcare workers (HCWs).Design.Prospective national follow-up of HCWs from January 1 to December 31, 2004.Setting.University hospitals, hospitals, clinics, local medical centers, and specialized psychiatric centers were included in the study on a voluntary basis.Participants.At participating medical centers, every reported blood and body fluid exposure was documented by the occupational practitioner in charge of the exposed HCW by use of an anonymous, standardized questionnaire.Resul

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Paul, Nsirimobu Ichendu, Tamunopreye Jaja, and Peace Ibo Opara. "Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids among Interns in a Tertiary Hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria." OALib 05, no. 04 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1104122.

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Yenesew, Muluken Azage, and Gedefaw Abeje Fekadu. "Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids Among Health Care Professionals in Bahir Dar Town, Northwest Ethiopia." Safety and Health at Work 5, no. 1 (2014): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2013.11.003.

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Beltrami, Elise M., Ian T. Williams, Craig N. Shapiro, and Mary E. Chamberland. "Risk and Management of Blood-Borne Infections in Health Care Workers." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 13, no. 3 (2000): 385–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.13.3.385.

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SUMMARY Exposure to blood-borne pathogens poses a serious risk to health care workers (HCWs). We review the risk and management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in HCWs and also discuss current methods for preventing exposures and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis. In the health care setting, blood-borne pathogen transmission occurs predominantly by percutaneous or mucosal exposure of workers to the blood or body fluids of infected patients. Prospective studies of HCWs have estimated that the average risk for HIV

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Julander, Anneli, Klara Midander, Sandra Garcia-Garcia, Per Vihlborg, and Pål Graff. "A Case Study of Brass Foundry Workers’ Estimated Lead (Pb) Body Burden from Different Exposure Routes." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 64, no. 9 (2020): 970–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaa061.

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Abstract Objectives The most pronounced occupational exposure routes for lead (Pb) are inhalation and gastrointestinal uptake mainly through hand-to-mouth behaviour. Skin absorption has been demonstrated for organic Pb compounds, but less is known about inorganic Pb species. Several legislative bodies in Europe are currently proposing lowering biological exposure limit values and air exposure limits due to new evidence on cardiovascular effects at very low blood Pb levels. In light of this, all exposure routes in occupational settings should be revisited to evaluate how to lower the overall ex

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Abdullahi, Ibrahim Lawal, Ali Sani, and Bilkisu Aminu Jibril. "Occupational exposure to metals among blacksmiths in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria." Environmental Health Engineering and Management 7, no. 2 (2020): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2020.16.

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Background: Occupational workers especially those working in industries associated with metal and mining activities are excessively exposed to many toxic metals, which affect them. This study was conducted to determine the metal concentrations in body fluids of blacksmiths exposed to metals. Methods: The present study was conducted on a total of 140 male blacksmiths and 120 male controls in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. All information related to working conditions such as duration of engagement and use of personal protective equipment (PPE), health history, life style, etc. were obtained using an

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Gatto, M. R. A., L. Bandini, M. Montevecchi, and L. Checchi. "Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids in a Department of Oral Sciences: Results of a Thirteen-Year Surveillance Study." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/459281.

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Objectives.Aim of this analysis was to identify trends that will aid in the prevention of injury.Methods.Our data were collected from 1999 to 2011 during a surveillance program of occupational exposures to blood or other potentially infectious materials in a Dental School by using a standard coded protocol.Results.63 exposures were reported. 56/63 (89%) percutaneous and 7/63 (11%) mucosal, involving a splash to the eye of the dental care workers (DCW). 25/63 (40%) involved students, 23/63 (36%) DCW attending masters and doctorate, 13/63 (21%) DCW attending as tutors and 2/63 (3%) staff. 45/63

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Krisiunas, E. "Exposure to blood and/or body fluids in a medical waste disposal disposal facility." American Journal of Infection Control 21, no. 2 (1993): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-6553(93)90335-2.

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