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Du, Toit Masha. "Investigating the efficacy of XML and stylesheets to render electronic courseware for multiple learning styles." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6393.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-90)The objective of this project was to test the efficacy of using Extensible Markup Language (XML) - in particular the DocBook 5.0b5 schema - and Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) to render electronic courseware that can be dynamically re-formatted according to a student's individual learning style. The text of a typical lesson was marked up in XML according to the DocBook schema, and several XSLT stylesheets were created to transform the XML document into different versions, each according to particular learning needs. These learning needs were drawn from the Felder-Silverman learning style model. The notes had links to trigger JavaScript functions that allowed the student to reformat the notes to produce different views of the lesson.
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Altayar, Malik Abdullah. "Next generation sequencing-based genotyping of human blood groups : FY, JK and ABO genes." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/9325.
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Serological discrepancies in matching blood group antigens between donors and patients for blood transfusion may lead to alloimmunisation, especially in multiply transfused patients. Blood group genotyping (BGG) has contributed in reducing this issue. ABO, Fy and Jk antigens are among those to be causative for alloimmunisation through transfusion or pregnancy. The number of alleles of these clinically significant blood groups is ever increasing. Currently, all commercially available high-throughput BGG platforms are only based on pre-defined polymorphisms. Consequently, novel or rare alleles that might have clinical significance are not identified. Next generation sequencing (NGS) circumvents this issue by providing high-throughput comprehensive genotyping of blood group genes in discovery mode to find all existing and novel mutations. Accordingly, a large number of individuals can be genotyped in a single run. Here, we describe an NGS-based method coupled with long-range polymerase chain reaction (LR-PCR) for high-throughput, rapid and extensive genotyping of FY, JK and ABO blood group genes. The Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGMTM) was used for sequencing the entire FY, JK and ABO blood group genes including flanking regions. Accordingly, high resolution genotyping was obtained. 53 genomic DNA samples were sequenced and genotyped for FY, 67 for JK and 47 for ABO. Sequencing data were aligned to the gene reference sequence derived from the human genome (hg19) to analyse variants. Analysis was accomplished by software packages, such as Ion Torrent SuiteTM plugins. Sanger sequencing of cDNA and cDNA clones was used to confirm findings in the JK gene. The sequencing data had a coverage depth of more than 5000x for FY, 700x for JK and 600x for ABO. NGS data matched with the serological phenotypes of FY alleles FY*A, FY*B and FY*02 Null main polymorphisms, such as FY*A/FY*B (125G > A) in exon 2 and (-67 T > C) in the promotor region. JK variant analysis revealed that the JK*01W.01 allele (130G > A) is common (10/67 samples) with normal antigenicity. The previously described silencing polymorphism (810G > A), leading to a purported JK*B null allele, restores a splice site and does not correlate with loss of Jkb antigenicity (10/67 samples). JK intron analysis revealed several new JK alleles described in this thesis. All 7 exons, introns and the flanking regions of the ABO gene were covered by only four amplicons. Several rare O alleles were found, such as O73 and O75, while one suggested novel O allele was characterised by a missense SNP 482G > A (Arg161His) in exon 7. The ABO reference sequence from hg19 appeared to resemble (O01 and O02) alleles. The intronic SNPs might be used to distinguish between alleles more accurately as a correlation of the intronic SNPs with the alleles was noted for the homozygous O alleles. It is predicted that NGS-based genotyping will replace not only microarray-based genotyping but also serology in the blood group typing of individuals, with great advancements in technology and molecular knowledge being expected in the near future.
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Olsson, Martin L. "Molecular genetic studies of the blood group ABO locus in man." Lund : Dept. of Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38985966.html.
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Varzi, Ali Mohammad. "Development and applications of molecular technologies for blood group genotyping." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=165837.
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Haemagglutination is the recognised serologic technique for common (ABO & Rh) blood group antigen phenotyping with limitations; typing multi-transfused patients and non-invasive foetal blood group determination. Molecular technological advances in characterising the 30 blood group systems have also generated PCR based direct genotyping techniques. Their utility in routine blood banking practice is a rapidly evolving field. The study aims were (1) to establish PCR-SSP assays for KEL, FY and JK blood group genotyping, (2) to evaluate HEA BeadChipTM technology for SNPs detection of RHCc, RHEe, CO, DI, DO, FY, JK, KEL, LU, LW, MNS and SC and haemoglobinopathy S, against serology considering reproducibility, reliability, sensitivity and labour saving potential (3) to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of TaqMan Real-Time PCR for NIPD of foetal RHD7, RHC, RHc, RHE and SRY status and (4) to establish Real-Time PCR assays and MGB TaqMan probes for 8 sets of gender-independent “Bi-allelic” Short Insertion/Deletion Polymorphisms (SIDPs) as internal assay controls confirming the presence of cell-free foetal DNA (cffDNA). The PCR-SSP results for KEL, FY and JK typing results showed complete concordance with serology for all samples except 1×JKa and 7×Fyb; discrepancies resolved by subsequent DNA sequencing. The HEA BeadChipTM microarray validation on gDNA (n=224) and 22 saliva samples, giving overall allele detection (ADR) and concordance rates (CoR) of >99.8% for the 24 alleles. The Fyx allele (Fyb/Fyx: 265C>T) frequency in Scottish donors (5.4%) was much higher than expected. Saliva-derived gDNA was less sensitive than buffy coat-derived gDNA; ADR 89.9% and 100% respectively. NIPD foetal blood group genotyping by Real-Time PCR of 51 alloimmunised pregnancies (n=104 samples, 12 to ≥40 weeks) with was 100% accurate for RHD7, RHC and RHE assays; 95.7% for RHc and 99% for SRY. The utility of Real-Time TaqMan assays for 8 selected SIDPs as paternal (foetal) markers, were assessed using gDNA, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from 61 donors and 6 extended families and finally with cffDNA from 13 pregnancies. Based on these research findings, many of the molecular assays are now established in Aberdeen.
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Bianco-Miotto, Tina. "Loss of ABO antigens in haematological malignancies." Adelaide, S.A, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb578.pdf.
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"May 2002" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 229-251) Describes the investigation of the alteration of ABH antigen expression on the surface of red blood cells in patients with haematological malignancies.
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Nilsson, Stinabritt. "Synthesis of blood-group and tumour-associated oligosaccaharides and a bacterial polysaccharide fragment." Lund : Organic Chemistry 2, Lund Institute of Technology, University of Lund, 1992. http://books.google.com/books?id=U-dqAAAAMAAJ.
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Stalder, Kenneth. "Swine Breed Differences in Agglutination Titers Following Vaccination with Sheep Red Blood Cells and Pasteurella Multocida (Serotype A)." TopSCHOLAR®, 1992. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2867.
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An investigation into the genetic differences in the humoral immune response of swine following vaccination with a sheep red blood cell solution (SRBC) and a commercially prepared Pasteurella multocida (serotype A) bacterin (PmA) was conducted on a total of 268 pigs from two individual trials. This study was also conducted to evaluate the humoral immune response of pigs to a non-pathogen (SPEC) and a known pathogen to swine (PmA). The pigs used in the first trial were from 22 litters born between January 1991 and July 1991. The pigs consisted of Hampshire x Yorkshire (n=114), purebred Yorkshire (n=70) and Hampshire (n=17). Individual pigs were vaccinated at five and eight weeks of age with 2 ml of a 5% SRBC solution and 1 ml of a killed PmA bacterin. AL 11 weeks of age 8 uE of blood was collected frun each animal and serum prepared to determine antibody titer levels against the two antigens by agglutination methods. Pigs utilized in the second study consisted of purebred Duroc (n=11), Haupshire (n= 10), Landrace (n=12) and Yorkshire (n=11) and crossbred Hampshire X Durcc (n= 12) and Yorkshire X Landxace (n=12). Results of trial 1 indicate that breed of pig affected the immune response against both PmA (P<.01) and SRBC (P<.01), with the Hampshire x Yorkshire crossbred pigs having higher titer levels against the PmA than either Hampshire or Yorkshire purebred pigs. The purebred Hampshire were not statistically different from either the purebred Yorkshire or the Hampshire x Yorkshire crossbred pigs in their antibody response to SRBC; however, the Hampshire x Yorkshire crossbred pigs were statistically higher than the Yorkshire pigs. Results from trial 2 indicate highly significant (P<.01) breed differences in the humoral immune response to PmA. Purebred Landrace pigs were superior to both Duroc and Hampshire purebred pigs in their immune response to PmA. Purebred Yorkshire and crossbred Yorkshire X Landrace pigs were superior to purebred Durtcs in their immune response to PmA. NO other significant differences among breeds of pigs occurred in trial 2.
A low positive correlation of .22 was found between the pigs' antibody responses to PmA and SRBC in trial 1. Correlation differences among breeds were found between average daily gain while an test and the humoral immune response to both PmA and SRBC. Results suggest that further studies into breed differences of the immune response in swine are warranted. Results also suggest that further studies are needed to evaluate sheep /Ed blood cells as a suitable antigen When conducting research to analyze the humoral immune response in swine.
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Sommerville, W. "An evaluation of human erythrocyte sulphydryl groups." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382552.
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Nardan, Denise. "Acid hydrolysis of neutral glycosphingolipids thesis submitted in fulfillment of the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy, Auckland University of Technology, June 2007 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://repositoryaut.lconz.ac.nz/theses/1389/.
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Orono, Lisa Lorraine. "Novel sensor for rapid detection of blood cell types magnetostrictive microcantilevers /." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/master's/ORONA_LISA_41.pdf.
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Motswaledi, Modisa Sekhamo. "The role of blood groups in preventing or enhancing HIV infection in Botswana." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2813.
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Thesis (DPhil (Biomedical Science))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019.Knowledge of population vulnerabilities to infectious diseases is key in managing many public health problems and for mapping appropriate strategies for prevention or intervention. A number of genes associated with resistance to HIV infection, such as the double deletion of 32 base pairs in the CCR5 gene , have been described and potentially account for lower HIV infections in some populations. The magnitude of the HIV pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa warrants an investigation of the peculiar genetic factors that may have exacerbated its spread. An understanding of the genetic factors that are involved may aid in the development of specific strategies for prevention such as vaccine development, genetic counselling as well as gene therapy. The aim of this project was therefore to study the relationship between blood groups and HIV-infection in Botswana. HIV infection in Africa has not been linked to particular blood groups. The project was undertaken in two phases from December 2012 to December 2017. In the first phase, 346 subjects of known HIV status (negative or positive) were phenotyped for 23 erythrocyte antigens via standard scientific procedures. A Chi-square analysis was used to determine those antigens associated with increased or reduced risk of HIV infection. In the second phase, 120 samples were phenotyped for the protective blood group (RhC) and the risk-associated groups (Lub and P1). The samples were also characterized according to their laboratory results for viral load, lymphocyte sub-populations, complete blood count and blood chemistry, including total cholesterol. Some of the samples were also assessed for erythrocyte-associated viral RNA. Generally, the prevalence of the blood groups in the general population in Botswana did not differ with the known prevalence for Africans broadly. Three novel findings were established. First, the blood group Rh(C) was associated with a 40% risk reduction for HIV infection. Immunologically, carriage of the C antigen was associated with a more robust cell-mediated immunity as evidenced by enhanced cytotoxic T cell counts. Moreover, this antigen occurred with a frequency lower than 30% in all countries where HIV prevalence was high. There was therefore an inverse relationship between Rh(C) frequency and HIV prevalence. An examination of reports from previous studies revealed that the pattern was consistent in Africa, Europe, Asia, South America and Caribbean countries. It appears that the population frequency of this antigen explains, at least in part, a genetic factor that puts some African populations at higher risk for HIV infection. These results are novel in that Rh antigens have not been previously associated with immunity in any reports. Novel findings regarding the P1 blood group was its association with a double risk for HIV infection. While the plasma viral load did not differ between P1-positive and P1-negative subjects, P1-positive erythrocyte lysate yielded more viral RNA than P1-negative cells, implying more intracellular HIV RNA. Intra-erythrocytic viral RNA was detected even in patients with an undetectable plasma viral load. Glycosphingolipids, of which P1 is an example, have been documented to promote viral fusion to cells independent of CD4 receptors or other ligands. In at least one report, the presence of sphingolipids in lipid rafts was considered to be sufficient for viral fusion. The presence of viral RNA even in erythrocyte lysates corroborates this phenomenon and potentially explains the double risk of HIV infection observed. The occurrence of HIV RNA in erythrocyte lysate is a novel finding that suggests a new viral reservoir. Apparently, P1 has a high frequency among Africans and low in other races.
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Bangham, Jenny. "Blood groups and the rise of human genetics in mid-twentieth century Britain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265573.
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This dissertation reconstructs how blood groups were made into pre-eminent objects of human genetic research and powerful markers for producing human biological difference. By tracing the ways in which three British laboratories became international centres for blood-group genetic research, it also offers an expanded history of postwar human genetics. In early 1930s Britain a community of geneticists, including R.A. Fisher and B.S. Haldane, promoted blood groups as having the potential to give the study of human heredity 'a solidly objective foundation, under strict statistical control'. Fisher and colleagues at the Cambridge Galton Serum Unit- especially Robert Race and Arthur Mourant- implemented this vision, the dissertation shows, using the arrangements for large-scale blood transfusion set up early in the Second World War. In 1946, Mourant became director of the Blood Group Reference Laboratory and Race of the Blood Group Research Unit, both at London's Lister Institute. As well as standardising blood-grouping reagents and investigating serological problems for the World Health Organization, these laboratories collected, analysed and published vast quantities of genetic data, making the Lister the global centre for blood-group genetics. During this period, human genetics changed from a marginal research field to an established discipline, partly, the dissertation argues, as a result of this blood-group research. By the 1950s a third of all human genetics publications were on blood groups: as one of the few human traits with simple Mendelian inheritance, they formed the basis for linkage studies and association surveys, and underpinned innovation in theoretical population genetics. Against a backdrop of intense international discussion about the meaning and scope of race science, blood groups were also made into tools for a supposedly 'obj ective' and 'unprejudiced' anthropology. This first history of how blood groups became scientific objects follows their collection in Britain and overseas, the grouping of samples, their transformation into data, and their presentation as credible genetic knowledge. It also offers the first sustained analysis of the functions of genetic nomenclatures. I argue that mid-century human genetics was profoundly influenced by the questions and practices of physical anthropology, by clinical practice, and by international infrastructures for medical research.
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Sheehan, C. P. "The application of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to ABH grouping in forensic science." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381661.
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Villanea, Fernando Alberto. "Evolution of the ABO blood group locus in pre-Columbian Native Americans." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/f_villanea_041210.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in anthropology)--Washington State University, May 2010.Title from PDF title page (viewed on May 11, 2010). "Department of Anthropology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-57).
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Bianchi, Juliana Vieira dos Santos. "Genotipagem de grupos sanguíneos por meio de microarranjos líquidos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/99/99131/tde-19042016-145530/.
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Os sistemas de grupos sanguíneos eritrocitários e plaquetários têm grande importância na medicina transfusional. Os serviços de hemoterapia têm investido cada vez mais em protocolos profiláticos à aloimunização contra antígenos eritrocitários, sendo o surgimento das plataformas de genotipagem em larga escala um avanço muito importante nesse âmbito. Este estudo tem por objetivo a padronização e a validação da plataforma OpenArray, por meio da técnica de microarranjos líquidos para genotipagem de antígenos eritrocitários e plaquetários em larga escala para futura implementação na rotina de doadores de sangue. Tal genotipagem permitirá a análise da frequência genotípica encontrada nos doadores de sangue da Fundação Pró-sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo. Métodos: Foram analisadas 400 amostras de sangue total coletadas de doadores de sangue entre outubro e novembro de 2011. A genotipagem dos polimorfismos de troca de um nucleotídeo (Single nucleotide polymorphism - SNPs) que codifica os principais antígenos eritrocitários e plaquetários de relevância transfusional foi realizada utilizando a tecnologia OpenArray para as 400 amostras. Dessas, 242 também foram analisadas pela plataforma de genotipagem BLOODchip, em larga escala. Procedeu-se à comparação entre as técnicas em termos de acurácia, reprodutibilidade, número de resultados incorretos, número de resultados não amplificados ou indeterminados, possibilidade de customização dos ensaios, tempo total de duração da reação e número de amostras processadas por bateria. Foi também calculada a frequência genotípica dos SNPs e feita a comparação com dados prévios de literatura. Resultados e discussão: as amostras que foram testadas em ambas as plataformas apresentaram acurácia de 99,9% pela técnica OpenArray e 100% pela técnica BLOODchip, sendo os resultados discrepantes analisados por sequenciamento direto (técnica Sanger), confirmando os resultados obtidos pela genotipagem realizada no BLOODchip. Além disso, a técnica OpenArray apresentou maior número de resultados não amplificados ou indeterminados (no call), o que representa uma grande desvantagem do método, em decorrência da perda de insumos. Entretanto, a técnica OpenArray apresentou outras vantagens em relação ao BLOODchip, como a possibilidade de customização do ensaio, menor tempo para processamento das amostras, considerando a possibilidade de automatização total do processo e número de amostras testadas por bateria superior ao método comparativo. Os resultados da frequência alélica e genotípica dos polimorfismos analisados pelo método OpenArray foram comparados com as frequências encontradas na literatura, observando-se prevalência de doadores com perfil genotípico mais próximo da população caucasoide, porém, com a presença de alelos encontrados na população negra. Entretanto, esse perfil genotípico dos doadores predispõe à aloimunização de doentes falciformes, com perfil fenotípico negroide, reiterando a necessidade de transfusões com fenótipo compatível como profilaxia à aloimunização.The erythrocyte and platelets blood groups are extremely important for transfusional medicine. Hemotherapy services have increasingly invested in prophylactic protocols for alloimmunization against erythrocyte antigens and the emergence of high-throuput genotyping platforms are a very prominent advance in this area. The aim of this study was to validate and to standardize the OpenArray platform, which is based on the microarray technolgy for the erythrocyte antigens genotyping on large scale, to further implementation in blood bank routine. This tecnique also allowed to asses the genotype frequencies in blood donors from Fundação Pró-sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo. Method: We examined 400 blood donor samples collected from October to November 2011. The SNPs were detected using OpenArray technology. From the 400 blood samples, 272 were also tested using BLOODchip platform, to compare the results between both tecniques and evaluate the accuracy, reproducibility, number of incorrect results, failed samples, possibility of assays customization, duration of procedures, and number of samples that can be processed per batch. The genotype frequency of SNPs was also assesed and the findings were compared to previous studies. Results and Discussion: the OpenArray method showed accuracy of 99.9% and the BLOODchip of 100%. The inconsistent results were confirmed by Sanger Sequencing which showed that BLOODchip analysis was accurate. Besides, the OpenArray method showed a higher number of non-amplification or failed results (no call), which may be a major disavantage, due to reagent loss. However, the OpenArray platform showed other advantages when compared to BLOODchip such as the possibility of assay customization and full automation of the process, it was less time-consuming and allowed a higher number of samples per batch. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of each SNP tested in the blood donor population were calculated by the OpenArray method and the results were compared to reports from previous studies. We observed a prevalence of genotypic profiles closest to the Caucasian population, however, there was the presence of alleles found in the black population as well. This genotypic profile donors predispose to alloimmunization of sickle cell patients, with negroid phenotypic profile, reiterating the need for compatible phenotype transfusions and prophylaxis to alloimmunization.
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Fiddes, Jane L. Sutton Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Development of recombinant human monoclonal antibodies suitable for blood grouping using antibody engineering techniques." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40503.
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Transfusion medicine is an important part of modern health care and the provision of reliably phenotyped red blood cells (RBC) is essential for safe and effective blood transfusions. For identification of many RBC antigens, monoclonal antibodies of either murine or human origin are available for use in agglutination assays, in which they perform as well as or better than the human polyclonal antibody preparations which they have replaced. However, the detection of some blood groups is still reliant on the use of human polyclonal antisera, which is a less reliable reagent source with respect to availability, batch to batch variation and bio-safety. The use of recombinant antibody and phage display technology for the discovery of new monoclonal antibodies with specificity for some of these RBC antigens has the potential to deliver an economical, unlimited supply of specific antibody reagents suitable for use in RBC phenotyping. Samples of human B cells from donors producing useful phenotyping antibodies were identified and transformed using Epstein Barr virus into lymphocyte cell lines. Antibody genes were obtained from the cell lines in the form ofRNA which was reverse transcribed, amplified by PCR and cloned into a phagemid vector system to generate several combinatorial antibody libraries. These antibody libraries were displayed on the surface of phage particles and subjected to antigen-driven selection by several rounds of phage display biopanning using soluble and cell based RBC antigens. In addition a large naIve library was biopanned against the same antigens in an attempt to isolate a wide range of antibodies suitable for blood typing. Several high quality combinatorial antibody libraries with respect to size (> 107 clones) and diversity were generated. Biopanning of recombinant libraries resulted in enrichment of phage antibodies specific for RBC antigens, and several clones were isolated which were shown to be specific for Duffy a antigen. The isolated antibodies would be ideal candidates for re-engineering into multivalent antibody molecules capable of direct agglutination of RBC and as such, have the potential to replace human polyclonal sera in the identification of Duffy a RBC antigen phenotyping.
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Huet, Maxime. "Agglutination de globules rouges autologues par un réactif bispécifique pour le dosage de biomarqueurs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY098.
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La détection ou la quantification dans le sang de biomarqueurs peut apporter une précieuse information sur la santé humaine. Cette analyse peut être réalisée directement auprès du patient, on parle alors de POC (point-of-care). L’agglutination de globules rouges par un réactif bispécifique, ciblant d’une part un globule rouge et d’autre part le biomarqueur à doser ou détecter, est proposée comme principe de base d’un test POC autonome et quantitatif. L’automatisation du protocole d’agglutination en microfluidique, ainsi que la mesure optique de la cinétique de l’agglutination sont explorées selon trois questions. La première concerne la possibilité de produire de manière autonome et reproductible l’agglutination en microfluidique passive, c’est-à-dire sans apport d’énergie ni de matière autre que l’échantillon. Les deuxième et troisième questions concernent la mesure de la cinétique d’agglutination et l’existence d’un lien entre cette mesure et la concentration du biomarqueur. La formulation et l’embarquement du réactif se sont révélés indispensables pour effectuer une réaction d’agglutination de manière reproductible en microfluidique passive et répondre à la première question. Trois stratégies de mesure de l’agglutination basées sur les propriétés optiques des globules rouges ont été proposées. Deux d’entre elles ont pu être implémentées avec succès. La mesure cinétique de l’agglutination a été mise en place pour un modèle de typage sanguin et a permis la discrimination entre positif et négatif dans 100 % des cas d’agglutinations testés. L’effet de la concentration du biomarqueur sur la mesure de l’agglutination avec un réactif bispécifique a été démontré avec le modèle du biomarqueur D-dimère, répondant à la dernière question posée en début de thèseThe detection or quantification of biomarkers in the blood can provide valuable information on human health. An analysis directly performed at the patient bedside is called a Point-of-care test (POC). The agglutination of red blood cells by a bispecific reagent combining a biomarker binding part and an erythrocyte binding part is proposed as a basis for an autonomous and quantitative POC test. The integration and automation of the protocol in a microfluidic chip and the optical measurement of the kinetics of agglutination are investigated. The first question concerns the possibility of producing agglutination in passive microfluidic device that is to say without any energy nor any material supply other than the sample. The second and third questions respectively relate to the measurement of the kinetics of aggregation and the existence of a link between this measure and the concentration of the biomarker. The formulation and embedding of the reagents has proved essential to perform a reproducible agglutination reaction in passive microfluidics and thus answer the first question. Three measurement strategies based on the optical properties of the red blood cells have been proposed. Two of them have been successfully implemented. The kinetic measurement of agglutination has been performed for a blood typing model and allowed the discrimination between positive and negative agglutination reaction in 100 % of the experiments. The effect of biomarker concentration on the agglutination measurement has been demonstrated with the model of the biomarker D-dimer, answering the last question
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Torres-L{u00F3}pez, Beatriz Virginia. "Affinity purification of blood group A-active glycolipids on immobilized Helix pomatia lectin." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77851.
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Lectin affinity chromatography has proven to be a powerful method to separate oligosaccharides based on their stereochemical structures. This technique has not been used for the separation of glycolipids since mixtures of these compounds form micelles in aqueous solution. Since N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is commonly found in glycolipids, three GalNAc-specific lectins were selected to develop a lectin affinity chromatographic method for glycolipids. To circumvent the difficulty of working with micelles, the autoradiographic detection of ¹²⁵l-labeled lectins binding to glycolipids on thin-layer chromatograms was used to study the glycolipid-binding specificity of the lectins from Helix pomatia, Wisteria floribunda and Dolichos biflorus. All three lectins detected the Forssman glycolipid which has a terminal GalNAcα1-3 residue. The Helix pomatia and Wisteria floribunda lectins are also bound to glycolipids with GalNAcβ-linked residues. The interactions of these lectins with glycolipid derived, ³H-labeled oligosaccharides were also analyzed by affinity chromatography on agarose-immobilized lectins. Only the immobilized Helix pomatia lectin was able to specifically bind oligosaccharides with α-linked GalNAc residues.
The Helix pomatia lectin was selected to develop an affinity chromatography system for the purification of intact glycolipids having terminal GalNAcα1-3 residues. This technique relies on the ability of the immobilized lectin to bind its oligosaccharide ligands in aqueous solutions of tetrahydrofuran (THF) which inhibits micelle formation and permits the separation of non-specifically bound glycolipids. Forssman glycolipid and a human blood group A-active hexaosylceramide were bound to the Helix pomatia column equilibrated in water/THF (5:95). After applying a step gradient of increasing water content (to 50% water), the specifically bound glycolipids were eluted when GalANc was included in the mobile phase. Using these chromatographic conditions, the Forssman glycolipid from the neutral lipid fraction of sheep erythrocyte stroma and the A-active glycolipids from a total extract of type A human erythrocytes were purified in the Helix pomatia column.
The ability to purify human A-active glycolipids from total lipid extracts in a single chromatographic step with the Helix pomatia column was used to isolate A-active glycolipids present in erythrocytes from donors from a rare blood group B(A). The erythrocytes from B(A) subgroup of blood group B individuals, are weakly hemagglutinated by a murine monoclonal anti-A antibody although these erythrocytes should not express blood group A antigens. The Helix pomatia lectin was used to determine the presence and isolate A-active glycolipids from the neutral lipid fraction of erythrocytes from two blood group B(A) donors. However, A-active glycolipids were absent in the glycolipid extracts from erythrocytes from a third B(A) donor and plasma of all three B(A) donors as well as erythrocytes of blood group B and O donors.
Based on the fact that only glycolipids and oligosaccharides with GalNAcα1-3 residues specifically bind to the Helix pomatia column, this lectin column was used to isolate the 'terminal products' of the biosynthetic pathway of the human blood group A glycolipids and glycopeptides from the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A-431. The metabolically active A-431 cells were grown in the presence of ³H-labeled monosaccharide precursors and the Helix pomatia column was used to determine and compare the rate of incorporation of labeled precursors in the A-active glycoconjugates from these cells.Ph. D.
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Emran, Jasmin. "Morbidity, treatment options, course of laboratory parameters and ABO blood groups in patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) /." Erlangen, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000253118.
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Zahirovic, Rezak, and Scott Ekman. "Circadian blood pressure within young adults in Viet Nam : An exploratory study comparing a normal blood pressure group and a prehypertension group." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-27797.
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Hypertension is a global disease that many effected people in developing countries is not aware of. Hypertension is linked with cardiovascular disease. Prehypertension is not a disease but if not correctly treated, it could develop into hypertension. The aim of the study was to investigate if there are any differences in circadian blood pressure between two study groups, one group with normal blood pressure and one group with prehypertension. This study was a explorative study and its design is based on measurements of blood pressure values and a questionnaire was used to help get the data collection. 51 students volunteered to have their blood pressure taken from them and out of these 51, 24 where selected into two groups of 12 each for the Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. hese 24 students would be a part of our study and an ambulatory (Schiller-102 plus) blood pressure monitor was used to collect the data. The prevalence of prehypertension findings in the clinical testing phase was 37% of the population. There was a variation between the groups during the day (systolic) but there was not a significant difference during the night.
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Prieto-Trejo, Pedro Antonio. "Monosialylgangliosides from human meconium: characterization using specific anti-oligosaccharide antibodies." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71269.
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Rabbit antisera directed against human milk sialyloligosaccharides were used to detect specific monosialylgangliosides from the lipid fraction of human meconium. Gangliosides of this fraction were detected after thin layer chromatography by immuno-staining with specific anti-oligosaccharide sera. The monosialylganglioside fraction of human meconium was subjected to ozonolysis and alkali-fragmentation and the resulting ganglioside-derived oligosaccharides were reduced with NaB [³H]₄ and partially separated using paper chromatography. The [³H]-oligosaccharide alditols were assayed for binding to specific anti-oligosaccharide sera in a direct-binding radioimmunoassay using nitrocellulose filters to collect immune-complexes. Radiolabeled oligosaccharide alditols which were recognized by specific antisera were affinity purified by eluting nitrocelIulose filters containing antibody-oligosaccharide complexes or using columns of immobilized anti-oligosaccharide antibodies. Structural analyses of two sialyl[³H]tetrasaccharide alditols obtained in this way were carried out with sequential enzymatic degradation using specific exoglycosidases. The products of enzymatic digestions were identified by cochromatography in paper with known standards. Data obtained from these experiments are consistent with the presence of the following, previously unidentified gangliosides in human meconium:
NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glc-cer
Galβ1-3[NeuAcα2-6]GlcNAcα1-3Galβ1-4Glc-cerPh. D.
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Maiga, Bakary. "Human candidate polymorphisms and malaria susceptibility in sympatric ethnic groups, The Fulani and The Dogon of Mali." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för molekylär biovetenskap, Wenner-Grens institut, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-99613.
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In malaria endemic regions, resistance to malaria constitutes a critical selective pressureon genetic polymorphisms that regulate immune defense and inflammatory pathways.Differences in malaria susceptibility between sympatric ethnic groups have been described inMali. The Fulani are less susceptible to malaria compared to the neighboring group the Dogon,in spite of similar socio-economic and environmental conditions. Paper I is focused on IL-4-590 T/C polymorphism and correlation with levels of malariaspecific IgG, IgG (1-4) subclasses as well as malaria specific and total IgE level in the two ethnicgroups. Our data show that the Fulani individual carrying the IL-4-590 T allele found to havehigher parasite carriage rate and had higher levels of malaria-specific IgG4 and IgE compared tothe individual carrying the C allele. No such differences were seen within the Dogon.Paper II investigated 166 SNPs in the human host in individuals belonging to the Fulani and theDogon ethnic groups. These SNPs were correlated with total IgG against AMA-1, MSP-1, MSP-2 and CSP antigens as well as total IgE level. All antibody levels were higher in the Fulanicompared to the Dogon and strengthens previous finding that antibodies might play a role in theprotection seen in the Fulani. We identified higher frequencies of the protective blood group O.Several allelic differences between the two ethnic groups were found in CD36, IL-4, RTN3 andADCY9. Moreover several polymorphisms in SLC22A4, IRF1, IL5, LTA and TNF have beenfound to be correlated with anti-MSP antibody level; TLR6, IL3, TNF, and IL22 found to becorrelated with anti-MSP-2 antibody level in the Fulani. Such association was not seen in theDogon. In Paper III, the same individuals, as in paper II, were investigated with a focus on the FcγRIIapolymorphism and correlation with levels of anti-AMA-1, MSP-1, MSP-2, CSP specificantibodies as well as total IgE level. The genotype distribution and allele frequency weresignificantly different between the Fulani and the Dogon with the Fulani being HH, H allele- andthe Dogon RR, R allele carriers. A correlation between the HH genotype and the H allele andprotection against mild malaria was seen in the Fulani but not in the DogonTaken together our study has found significant genetic differences between the Fulani and theDogon Ethnic groups, which suggest that ethnicity should be taken into account in monitoring ofimmunological studies and vaccines trials in malaria endemic areas.
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El, Missiry M. A. "Membrane sulphydryl groups in the control of water and ion balance in the red blood cell of the eel Anguilla anguilla L." Thesis, University of Bath, 1986. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374600.
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El, Kenz Hanane. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la sécurité transfusionnelle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209215.
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L’objectif de notre travail est de contribuer à l’amélioration de la sécurité transfusionnelle. Pour ce faire, nous sommes partis de notre expérience personnelle en banque de sang hospitalière. Le risque infectieux lié aux transfusions, inscrit dans l’esprit de chacun depuis l’affaire du « scandale du SIDA » en France, est aujourd’hui un des risques les mieux maîtrisés. Actuellement, les risques transfusionnels les plus importants sont essentiellement de type immunologique ou liés à des erreurs humaines. Nous avons donc mis en évidence trois axes de travail correspondant chacun à un type de réaction transfusionnelle spécifique choisis parmi ces deux derniers risques. Les données d’hémovigilance internationales publiées nous ont confortés dans l’idée que ces trois sujets représentent une part importante des réactions transfusionnelles notifiées ces dix dernières années. Nous avons choisi de travailler sur la prévention des réactions transfusionnelles hémolytiques de type ABO, des réactions transfusionnelles hémolytiques chez les patients atteints d’anémie hémolytique auto-immune et des réactions d’hyperkaliémie post-transfusionnelle.Notre premier travail a consisté en la démonstration de la faisabilité d’une automatisation complète du contrôle ultime au lit du malade par vérification de la compatibilité entre le groupe ABO du patient et celui de la poche de sang à transfuser. Cet appareil utilise une nouvelle technique de détection d’hémagglutination entièrement conçue et validée au sein de notre laboratoire de recherche et brevetée par l’ULB.
La seconde partie du travail consiste en l’évaluation d’un nouvel algorithme de prise en charge transfusionnelle des patients atteints d’anémie hémolytique autoimmune en incluant la réalisation d’un génotypage érythrocytaire permettant ainsi, d’une part, d’éviter les réactions hémolytiques transfusionnelles et, d’autre part, d’éviter de nouvelles alloimmunisations chez ces patients.
Dans la dernière partie du travail, nous nous sommes intéressés aux effets des liquides de conservation des poches de sang sur le relargage de potassium à partir d’unités de globules rouges irradiées destinées aux patients immunodéprimés. Nous avons pu observer des différences entre les deux solutions de conservation que nous utilisons et nous avons pu ainsi émettre de nouvelles recommandations visant à prévenir ces hyperkaliémies transfusionnelles.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Bortolotto, Adriana Najai Stein. "PREVALÊNCIA E FENOTIPAGEM ERITROCITÁRIA EM DOADORES DE SANGUE NO HEMOCENTRO REGIONAL DE SANTA MARIA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5957.
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The knowledge of the variability of antigens of blood groups is essential in the transfusional practice, mainly to avoid grave alloimmunizations. This study had as objective to evaluate the prevalence of the phenotypes from the blood donors from Santa Maria´s Blood Center. These donors were evaluated for the mainly antigens of ABO, Rh and Kell systems. About the phenotyped samples with Rh system, 1274 samples (54.18%) were phenotyped as positives Rh and 1077 samples (45.82%) phenotyped as negative Rh. From the phenotyped donors as negatives Rh, 103 samples (9.5%) were positives for the ―C‖ or ―E‖ antigen. Relating the percentage of the Kell system positive in donors with negative Rh, was gotten 8.3%. We concluded that the negative Rh donor must be analyzed for other antigens of Rh system and for the Kell antigen, exactly being less immunogenics, these antigens are able to cause Grave Hemolytic Disease and Alloimmunizations. The D antigen Phenotypic expression may vary due to changes qualitative/quantitative: weak D, partial D. This study analyzed a sample of donors by genotyping to identify the most common D variants in this region was found (44%) weak D, (3%) and partial D. Strengthens thus the importance of established protocols for use of rare blood and ensure the proper use of blood products, as well as the safety of blood transfusion.O conhecimento da variabilidade dos antígenos de grupos sanguíneos é essencial na prática transfusional, principalmente para evitar aloimunizações graves. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência dos fenótipos dos doadores de sangue do Hemocentro de Santa Maria, os quais foram avaliados para os principais antígenos dos sistemas ABO, Rh e Kell. Das amostras fenotipadas quanto ao sistema Rh, 1274 amostras (54.18%) foram fenotipadas como Rh positivos e 1077 amostras (45,82%) fenotipadas como Rh negativo. Dos doadores fenotipados como Rh negativos, 103 amostras (9,5%) foram positivas para o antígeno ―C‖ e/ou ―E‖. Relacionando o percentual do sistema Kell positivo em doadores Rh negativos foi de 8,3%. Conclui-se, então, que o doador Rh negativo deve ser analisado para os demais antígenos do sistema Rh e para o antígeno Kell, pois, mesmo sendo menos imunogênicos, estes antígenos são capazes de causar doença hemolítica graves e aloimunizações. O antígeno D pode variar de expressão fenotípica, devido a alterações qualitativas/quantitativas: D fraco, D parcial. Este trabalho analisou uma amostragem de doadores, através de genotipagem para identificar quais as variantes de D mais freqüentes nesta região, foi encontrado (44%) D fraco, (3%) D parcial. Reforça, dessa forma, a importância de ser estabelecidos protocolos para utilização destes sangues raros e garantir o uso correto destes hemocomponentes, assim como a segurança transfusional.
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Juras, Rytis. "Lietuvos vietinių veislių arklių genetinė analizė." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050330_100716-51986.
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1. For the first time a wide range of biochemical genetic markers and different typing techniques were used to access levels of genetic variability in Lithuanian horse breeds; 2. DNA based methods were used to access levels of genetic variation in Lithuanian horse breeds; 3. Genetic variation in Lithuanian horses was investigated using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing; 4. Genetic relationship and genetic distances between the breeds were estimated using a wide range of different genetic markers.
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Marques, Cátia Filipa Saraiva. "Frequência do antigénio eritrocitário DEA 1.1 em canídeos e dos antigénios eritrocitários A, B e AB em felídeos de Lisboa, Portugal." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2176.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaO sistema sanguíneo AB dos felídeos, caracterizado por Auer e Bell, é considerado como o clinicamente mais relevante. O antigénio eritrocitário canino (DEA) 1.1 é o mais antigénico e consequentemente responsável pelas reacções transfusionais adversas mais severas. Este estudo teve como objectivo determinar a frequência dos antigénios eritrocitários do sistema sanguíneo AB e do DEA 1.1 na área da Grande Lisboa, em Portugal. As amostras foram obtidas no Hospital Escolar e no Banco de Sangue Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa e em algumas Clínicas Veterinárias. Foram testados 538 gatos e 54 cães. Os antigénios eritrocitários dos felídeos foram determinados pela prova de aglutinação clássica usando lectina de Triticum vulgaris (Sigma ref. L9640) ou pelo teste rápido DME VET A+B®. A presença/ausência do DEA 1.1 foi determinada pelo teste rápido DME DEA 1.1®. A frequência dos antigénios eritrocitários felinos A, B e AB foi de 97,40% (n=524), 2,23% (n=12) e 0,37% (n=2), respectivamente. Dos canídeos testados, 50,00% (n=27) eram DEA 1.1 positivo. Estes resultados enfatizam a importância da realização da tipificação sanguínea e da prova de compatibilidade eritrocitária para minimizar a ocorrência de reacções transfusionais adversas.
ABSTRACT - FREQUENCY OF THE CANINE ERYTHROCYTE ANTIGEN 1.1 AND OF THE FELINE ERYTHROCYTE ANTIGENS A, B AND AB IN LISBON, PORTUGAL - The feline AB blood group system, characterized by Auer and Bell, is considered the clinically most relevant system. The dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1.1 is the most antigenic and therefore responsible for the severest transfusion adverse reactions. This study was undertaken to determine the frequency of the erythrocyte antigens of the AB blood group system and the DEA 1.1 in the Lisbon area of Portugal. Samples were obtained at the Teaching Hospital and Veterinary Blood Bank of the Veterinary Medicine Faculty of the Technical University of Lisbon, and at several Veterinary Clinics. 538 cats and 54 dogs were tested. The feline erythrocyte antigens were determined by the classical agglutination assay using lectin from Triticum vulgaris (Sigma ref. L9640) or by the DME VET A+B® quick test. The presence/absence of DEA 1.1 was determined by the DME DEA 1.1® quick test. The frequency of feline erythrocyte antigens A, B and AB was 97,40% (n=524), 2,23% (n=12) and 0,37% (n=2), respectively. Of the dogs tested 50,00% (n=27) were DEA 1.1 positive. These results emphasize the importance of blood typing and blood crossmatching to minimize the occurrence of transfusion adverse reactions.
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Maier, Meta Josephina [Verfasser], and Karl-Heinz [Akademischer Betreuer] Schulz. "Peak Blood Lactate Levels and Peak Performance Markers in Two Groups of MS Patients Performing an Exhaustive Bicycle Ergometry / Meta Josephina Maier ; Betreuer: Karl-Heinz Schulz." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1117798046/34.
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Maier, Meta Josephina Verfasser], and Karl-Heinz [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schulz. "Peak Blood Lactate Levels and Peak Performance Markers in Two Groups of MS Patients Performing an Exhaustive Bicycle Ergometry / Meta Josephina Maier ; Betreuer: Karl-Heinz Schulz." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-81304.
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Toda, Mitsuaki. "Complement activation on surfaces carrying hydroxyl or amino groups." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120910.
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Borges, Ivo Ricardo Fernandes. "Caraterização estatística dos valores percentuais de sangue do grupo AB0 colhido pelo Centro Regional de Sangue de Lisboa e respetivo emparelhamento com a distribuição a nível hospitalar." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11012.
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RESUMO: A Medicina Transfusional está a mudar rapidamente em resposta a um número de diferentes catástrofes, patologias e novas técnicas da ciência.
Por detrás de uma transfusão de sangue existe todo um conjunto de procedimentos, técnicas e atuações que salvaguardam o rigor e segurança científicas resultando numa maior eficiência na diminuição da morbilidade/mortalidade humana.
Todo o processo de colheita, análise, processamento e distribuição de concentrados de eritrócitos comporta um capital elevado em termos da economia para a saúde e os requisitos básicos de uma gestão de qualidade, na área da saúde em geral e da hemoterapia em particular, tem de compreender, com rigor, estas condições de gestão parceria de forma a evitar um aumento nos custos da saúde.
Para identificar as discrepâncias nos pedidos efetuados pelos Hospitais Públicos e Privados ao Centro de Sangue e Transplantação de Lisboa, no que diz respeito ao Sistema AB0 dos concentrados de Eritrócitos, foi feito um estudo quantitativo, com fins descritivos simples, aos 95 984 concentrados de eritrócitos enviados às 32 Instituições de Saúde da abrangência do CST de Lisboa.
Tendo em conta o Sistema AB0 RhD, confirma-se que o grupo sanguíneo prevalente, tanto na população portuguesa como nos dadores de sangue que efetuaram a sua dádiva de sangue em 2011, é o grupo A Rh+. Observou-se no entanto que o grupo sanguíneo mais pedido e enviado pertence ao grupo 0 Rh positivo. Assim, apurou-se que existe uma disparidade, mesmo que pouco acentuada, nos pedidos efetuados pelos Hospitais Públicos e Privados ao Centro de Sangue e Transplantação de Lisboa no que configura ao Sistema AB0 dos concentrados de eritrócitos. Os Hospitais Públicos Sem Serviço de Colheita de Sangue e os Hospitais Privados são responsáveis por este desencontro de valores. No que se refere às inutilizações por prazo de validade ressalva-se que os desaproveitamentos de CE’s não são tão acentuados como se esperaria numa primeira fase de estudo. No entanto, e em termos económicos, se existem inutilizações por prazo de validade, existe igualmente despojo financeiro. Por detrás de cada unidade inutilizada existe um alto investimento que será desperdiçado por carência de solicitação.
De forma a minimizar gastos e a salvaguardar um Banco de Sangue capaz de suportar qualquer eventualidade de rutura de stock estão patentes propostas de estratégias capazes de impedir constrangimentos diários e futuros no que diz respeito à disponibilidade de sangue e componentes sanguíneos.--------------ABSTRACT: The Transfusion Medicine it is changing fast in response to a number of different catastrophes, disease and new techniques of science.
From behind a blood transfusion there is a whole set of procedures, techniques and actions that safeguard the safety and scientific rigor resulting in greater efficiency in reducing morbidity / mortality human.
The entire process of procurement, testing, processing and distribution of concentrated erythrocytes involves a high capital in terms of the economy to health and the basic requirements of a quality management in healthcare in general and hemotherapy in particular has to understand with rigor, this partnership in order to avoid an increase in health costs.
In order to identify discrepancies in the orders placed by the Government and Private Hospitals Center Blood and Transplant Lisbon regarding the AB0 system of concentrated erythrocytes was made a quantitative study with simple descriptive purposes to 95,984 erythrocytes concentrates sent to 32 Health Institutions of the scope of CST Lisbon.
Having regard to the system AB0 blood group RhD prevalent both in the Portuguese population as blood donors, who made his blood donation in 2011, confirms that belong to group A Rh +. It was found that blood group most requested and sent belongs to group 0 Rh positive. Thus, it was found that there is a disparity, even a little sharp, requests made by the Government and Private Hospitals Blood Center and Transplantation in Lisbon that configures the system AB0 erythrocyte concentrates. The Public Hospitals without Blood Harvest and Private Hospitals are responsible for this clash of values.
With regard the expiry date by disables proviso that the wastes of CE's are not as sharp as one would expect in a first phase of the study. However, in economic terms, if there is disables by expiry date, there is also financial squandering. Behind every unused unit is a high investment to be wasted by shortage of request.
To minimize costs and safeguarding a Blood Bank can support any event of rupture of stock patents are proposed strategies to prevent future and diaries constraints with regard to the availability of blood and blood components.
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Trovão, Ana Carolina Garcia Braz. "Construção e validação de um instrumento voltado à satisfação do doador de sangue." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17139/tde-08112018-145523/.
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Em 2015, no Brasil, a taxa de doação de sangue para o país foi estimada pelo Ministério da Saúde em 18,2 doações por 1.000 habitantes, enquanto em 2014, esta taxa era 18,49. A manutenção dos estoques de sangue no país é um desafio constante nos serviços de hemoterapia e estratégias de captação e fidelização dos doadores são essenciais. Assim, é necessário conhecer as expectativas do doador em relação ao atendimento durante a doação e identificar o que o deixa satisfeito em relação ao serviço prestado. Os questionários usuais de satisfação, encontrados na literatura, voltados a clientes ou pacientes não são diretamente aplicáveis a doadores, uma vez que os doadores não são propriamente conceituados como indivíduos que comparecem à instituição somente para receber um produto ou atendimento, mas participam de um processo em que contribuem oferecendo gratuitamente um bem de natureza material, que é seu próprio sangue. Diante da ausência de instrumentos validados em língua portuguesa, o objetivo do presente estudo é construir um instrumento capaz de avaliar a satisfação do doador de sangue, bem como estudar a validade de construto e consistência interna. O estudo será conduzido em quatro etapas: (1) desenvolvimento do instrumento com base em grupos focais e no instrumento introduzido por Borges et al. (2005), (2) validação de conteúdo, considerando a avaliação do instrumento por um grupo de especialistas, (3) pré-teste do instrumento e (4) aplicação do instrumento para validação em uma amostra de 1.019 doadores de sangue. O instrumento proposto possui 25 itens que caracterizam atributos da satisfação do doador de sangue, divididos em três domínios: acesso/conveniência, aspectos técnicos e aspectos interpessoais. O instrumento apresentou satisfatória consistência interna, quanto ao conjunto de itens. Propõe-se o gráfico desempenho-importância (GDI) como uma ferramenta simples de interpretação dos dados obtidos pelo instrumento, na rotina de monitoramento da qualidade do serviço prestado por bancos de sangue. Considerando os dados obtidos para a amostra de 1.019 doadores, o GDI permitiu identificar os itens que, se melhorados, a satisfação geral do doador tenderá a aumentar, bem como os itens que precisam ser mantidos para a garantia da satisfação do doador. O instrumento proposto poderá contribuir para a qualidade dos serviços de hemoterapia, ao capturar informações capazes de descrever os aspectos em que os doadores se sentem insatisfeitos quanto ao atendimento ou serviços prestados.In 2015, the blood donation rate for the country was estimated by the Ministry of Health by 18.2 donations per 1,000 inhabitants, whereas in 2014, this rate was 18.49. The maintenance of blood stocks in the country is a constant in hemotherapy services and the strategies of donor recruitment and loyalty are essential. Thus, it is necessary to know donor\'s expectations regarding the assistance during the donation and to identify what makes them feel satisfied with the service delivered. The usual satisfaction questionnaires, found in the literature, designed to customers or patients are not directly applicable to donors, once donors are not properly conceived as subjects who attend to the institution only to receive a product or care, actually they take part in a process to which they contribute by offering goods of material nature for free, in this case their own blood. Upon the absence of validated instruments in Portuguese, the aim of this study is to construct an instrument capable of assessing blood donor\'s satisfaction, as well as to study its validity and internal consistence. The study will be conducted in four steps: (1) development of the instrument based on focus groups and on the instrument introduced by Borges et al. (2005), (2) validation of the content, considering the instrument evaluation by a group of experts, (3) instrument pre-test, and (4) application of the instrument to validate a sample of 1,019 blood donors. The instrument proposed has 25 items characterizing the attributes of blood donor\'s satisfaction, divided in three domains: access/convenience, technical aspects, and interpersonal aspects. The instrument showed satisfactory internal consistence in relation to the set of items. We propose the performance-importance graph (PIG) as a simple tool for the interpretation of the data obtained by the instrument, in the routine of quality monitoring of the service delivered by blood banks. Considering the data obtained for the sample of 1,019 donors, the PIG allowed to identify the items that, if improved, donor\'s overall satisfaction should tend to increase, as well as the items that have to be kept in order to guarantee donor\'s satisfaction. The instrument proposed might contribute to the quality of hemotherapy services by capturing information capable of describing the aspects donors feel most unsatisfied with, in relation to the attention or services delivered.
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Ba, Alhassane. "Hétérogénéité génétique des groupes sanguins au Mali : impact transfusionnel." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5048/document.
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Les antigènes de groupes sanguins érythrocytaires peuvent être responsables d’une allo-immunisation anti-érythrocytaire et d’accidents immuno-hémolytiques lors de transfusion ou de grossesse. La transfusion des populations d’Afrique sub-saharienne est complexifiée par l’absence d’expression d’antigènes publics, l’expression d’antigènes privés et l’expression d’antigènes partiels en particulier pour le système RH. L’étude des systèmes de groupes sanguins d’intérêt transfusionnel chez les donneurs de Bamako a confirmé l’efficacité de la stratégie du génotypage multiplex incluant des polymorphismes d’appels pour identifier des donneurs rares, qui permet d’accéder aux phénotypes déduits des prélèvements. L’exploration du système RH réalisée par séquençage chez les Dogons et les Peulhs de Mopti met clairement en évidence que la diversité allélique et la fréquence de certains allèles RH sont fonction de l’ethnicité. Un nouvel haplotype associant un allèle RHD*DIVa codant pour un antigène D partiel, des antigènes ce potentiellement partiels, et une réactivité partielle anti-C, a été identifié chez les Dogons. L’exploration des allèles codant pour les antigènes de haute et basse fréquence en Afrique subsaharienne d’Est en Ouest constitue un exemple d’étude qui distingue clairement les populations d’Afrique subsaharienne de celles d’Europe par des différences de fréquences des allèles définissant la diversité génétique d’une population par rapport à une autre. Des orientations stratégiques en fonction du contexte local ont été identifiées pour l’évolution de la transfusion au Mali dans les prochaines annéesBlood group antigens may be responsible for alloimmunization and immuno-hemolytic accidents during transfusion or pregnancy. The transfusion of of sub-Saharan Africa populations is complex due to absence of high antigens expression, low antigens expression and partial antigens expression particularly for RH system.The study of blood group for transfusion of interest among donors in Bamako confirmed the effectiveness of multiplex genotyping strategy including polymorphisms calls to identify the rare donors, which permit access to phenotypes derived samples. In a second phase, the exploration of RH blood group system by sequencing among Dogon and Fulani in Mopti clearly shows that the allelic diversity and the frequency of some alleles RH depend on the ethnicity. A new haplotype RHD*DIVa/RHCE*ceTI(D2) combining an RHD*DIVa allele encoding a partial D antigen, potentially partial ce antigens, and a partial reactivity with anti-C, was identified among Dogon. In a third phase, the exploration of alleles encoding of the high and low frequency antigens in sub-Saharan Africa from East to West is an example of a study that clearly makes a difference between the populations of sub-Saharan African and those of Europe in terms of frequencies of alleles that define genetic diversity of one population compared to another. Thus, knowledge of ethnicity is more relevant than knowing the geographical origin in order to optimize transfusion in Saharan Africa and in European countries where some of these populations live. Guidelines strategic in relation with the local context have been identified for development of transfusion for next years in Mali
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Mattos, Cinara de Cássia Brandão de [UNESP]. "Sistema histo-sangüíneo ABO, status Secretor e anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em gestação da região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo: um estudo de associação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92481.
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O Toxoplasma gondii infecta os seres humanos dentre outras vias, pelo trato gastrintestinal, um local onde se dá a expressão do perfil de glicoconjugados ABH sob controle da enzima a-2-L-Fucosiltransferase (FUTII) codificada pelo gene FUT2 (19q13.3). A presença da FUTII define o status secretor positivo, o qual é relacionado aos fenótipos eritrocitários ABO. Diante da importância epidemiológica e clínica da infecção pelo T. gondii, o objetivo desse trabalho foi testar a hipótese de que o perfil de glicoconjugados ABH expresso no trato gastrintestinal está associado à infecção por esse parasito. Foram selecionadas 367 gestantes atendidas no Ambulatório de Gestação de Alto Risco do Hospital de Base da Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto. Duas amostras de sangue, uma sem e outra com anticoagulante foram coletadas. A fenotipagem eritrocitária ABO e a detecção dos anticorpos anti-T. gondii foram realizadas pelo método hemaglutinação. A identificação do status secretor foi feita pelo método PCR-RFLP. As diferenças nas freqüências do status secretor positivo e negativo e dos fenótipos eritrocitários ABO, isoladamente ou em conjunto, não foram estatisticamente significantes na presença e na ausência desses anticorpos (p=0,26). Esses resultados sugerem que o perfil de glicoconjugados ABH expressos no trato gastrintestinal sob controle do gene FUT2 não está associado à presença de anticorpos anti-T. gondii.
Toxoplasma gondii infects humans in several manners including by the gastrointestinal tract where the a-2-L-Fucosiltransferase (FUTII) coded by FUT2 (19q13.3) controls the expression of the ABH glycoconjugates profile. Presence of FUTII defines the positive secretor status which is associated to ABO erythrocytic phenotypes. Due to the epidemiological and clinical importance of T. gondii infection, the aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that the ABH glycoconjugate profile expressed in the gastrointestinal tract is associated to infections by this parasite. A total of 367 pregnant women from the High-Risk Pregnancy Clinical of the University Hospital de Base in São José do Rio Preto were enrolled in this study. Two blood samples were drawn with only one mixed with anticoagulant. The ABO erythrocytic phenotyping and detection of anti-T. gondii antibodies were achieved by the hemagglutination method. Identification of the secretor status was by the PCR-RFLP method. Differences in the positive and negative secretor status and ABO erythrocytic phenotypes, either in isolation or in association, were not statistically significant in respect to the presence or absence of these antibodies (p-value =0.26). These results suggest that the ABH glycoconjugate profile expressed in the gastrointestinal tract under control of the FUT2 gene is not associated to anti-T. gondii antibodies.
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Antanaitienė, Milda. "Su sveikata susijusios gyvenimo kokybės sąsajos su kraujo spaudimo kitimais profilaktinėse grupėse." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20091221_160056-57680.
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Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti kraujospūdžio kitimo ir su sveikata susijusios gyvenimo kokybės sąsajas tarp vyrų ir moterų, kuriems nustatytas padidėjęs kraujospūdis, dalyvavimo profilaktinėse kraujospūdžio reguliavimo grupėse laikotarpiu. Naudota metodika: Gyvenimo kokybės – 100 klausimynas (WHOQOL-100). Profilaktinėse grupėse dalyvavo 110 terapinės apylinkės pacientų. Visus keturis užsiėmimus lankė atitinkamai 80 pacientų. Pacientai buvo prašomi užpildyti GK-100 klausimyną, siekiant nustatyti kraujospūdžio kitimus užsiėmimų metu ir sąsajas su pacientų gyvenimo kokybės ypatumais. Tiriamieji dalyvavo keturiuose vienos valandos užsiėmimuose, kurie vyko kartą per savaitę vakare. Visoms keturioms pacientų grupėms vedami tie patys užsiėmimai taikant modifikuotą progresyvios raumenų relaksacijos metodą, diskusiją gyvenimo būdo keitimo klausimais ir abiejų šių metodų (raumenų relaksacijos ir diskusijos) derinį. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, jog moterų ir vyrų grupėse statistiškai reikšmingas kraujo spaudimo sumažėjimas stebimas užsiėmimo pabaigoje. Aukštesni statistiškai reikšmingi arterinio kraujo spaudimo rodikliai susiję su vyresnio amžiaus ir žemesnio išsilavinimo rodikliais vyrų ir moterų grupėse. Aukšti statistiškai reikšmingi arterinio kraujo spaudimo rodikliai susiję su blogesne gyvenimo kokybe, o mažesni - su geresne gyvenimo kokybe.Purpose of the survey is to assess the relations between blood pressure changes and health-related quality of life in men and women with high blood pressure during the period of blood pressure regulation in preventive groups. Methodology used: The Quality of Life - 100 Questionnaire (WHOQOL-100). Preventive groups involved 110 patients in the therapeutic environs. 80 patients attended all four workshops. Patients were asked to fill in WHOQOL-100 questionnaire to determine the associations with health – related quality of life and blood pressure variations in workshops. Patients participated in four one-hour classes, held once a week in the evening. All four groups of patients were involved in workshops using the modified progressive muscle relaxation method, the discussion on the changing of lifestyle and the combination of both of these methods (progressive muscle relaxation and discussion). The study showed that statistically significant decreased blood pressure was observed in men and women groups at the end of each workshop. Higher statistically significant arterial blood pressure was related to the older age and lower level of education in men and women groups. Higher statistically significant arterial blood pressure was related to poorer health – related quality of life, as lower arterial blood pressure was associated with better health – related quality of life.
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Maksvytis, Arūnas. "Moterų vainikinių arterijų aterosklerozės sąsajos su kraujo serumo lipidais, apolipoproteinais a-i ir b bei ab0 sistemos kraujo grupėmis." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060203_225633-71452.
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At present, cardiovascular diseases cause ca. 30 of deaths worldwide, and are the most common cause of death and disability (The World Health Report 2002; Pearson 1999). Coronary artery disease (CAD) accounts for nearly 50 of all deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases. In 2002, 7.2 million people died of CAD worldwide, and 5.8 million new cases were diagnosed. In 2000, the number of people with CAD around the world amounted to ca. 40 millions (Mackay 2004).
The modern understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and the concept of “cardiovascular risk factors” started forming in 1950s, when the first findings of the Framingham study were published (Wilson et al. 1998, D’Agostino et al. 2000). Information accumulated during scientific research on atherosclerosis allowed for a significant reduction of CAD-related mortality in the developed countries during the last 20 years, but a more profound analysis showed that the mortality mostly decreased in males, whereas in females it continues to grow. Nearly two-thirds of suddenly deceased women previously showed no clinical symptoms of CAD (AHA 2002). This most probably was influenced by a still predominant erroneous opinion that women, especially of younger age, very rarely have CAD and atherosclerosis of peripheral arteries. Epidemiological studies showed that cardiovascular diseases induced by atherosclerosis are equally frequent cause of death in both males and females. Of all patients who in 2000 in the U.S. died... [to full text]
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Mattos, Cinara de Cássia Brandão de. "Sistema histo-sangüíneo ABO, status Secretor e anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em gestação da região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo : um estudo de associação /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92481.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Ricardo Luiz Dantas MachadoBanca: Vera Lúcia Pereira-Chioccola
Banca: Agnes Cristina Fett-Conte
Resumo: O Toxoplasma gondii infecta os seres humanos dentre outras vias, pelo trato gastrintestinal, um local onde se dá a expressão do perfil de glicoconjugados ABH sob controle da enzima a-2-L-Fucosiltransferase (FUTII) codificada pelo gene FUT2 (19q13.3). A presença da FUTII define o status secretor positivo, o qual é relacionado aos fenótipos eritrocitários ABO. Diante da importância epidemiológica e clínica da infecção pelo T. gondii, o objetivo desse trabalho foi testar a hipótese de que o perfil de glicoconjugados ABH expresso no trato gastrintestinal está associado à infecção por esse parasito. Foram selecionadas 367 gestantes atendidas no Ambulatório de Gestação de Alto Risco do Hospital de Base da Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto. Duas amostras de sangue, uma sem e outra com anticoagulante foram coletadas. A fenotipagem eritrocitária ABO e a detecção dos anticorpos anti-T. gondii foram realizadas pelo método hemaglutinação. A identificação do status secretor foi feita pelo método PCR-RFLP. As diferenças nas freqüências do status secretor positivo e negativo e dos fenótipos eritrocitários ABO, isoladamente ou em conjunto, não foram estatisticamente significantes na presença e na ausência desses anticorpos (p=0,26). Esses resultados sugerem que o perfil de glicoconjugados ABH expressos no trato gastrintestinal sob controle do gene FUT2 não está associado à presença de anticorpos anti-T. gondii.
Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii infects humans in several manners including by the gastrointestinal tract where the a-2-L-Fucosiltransferase (FUTII) coded by FUT2 (19q13.3) controls the expression of the ABH glycoconjugates profile. Presence of FUTII defines the positive secretor status which is associated to ABO erythrocytic phenotypes. Due to the epidemiological and clinical importance of T. gondii infection, the aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that the ABH glycoconjugate profile expressed in the gastrointestinal tract is associated to infections by this parasite. A total of 367 pregnant women from the High-Risk Pregnancy Clinical of the University Hospital de Base in São José do Rio Preto were enrolled in this study. Two blood samples were drawn with only one mixed with anticoagulant. The ABO erythrocytic phenotyping and detection of anti-T. gondii antibodies were achieved by the hemagglutination method. Identification of the secretor status was by the PCR-RFLP method. Differences in the positive and negative secretor status and ABO erythrocytic phenotypes, either in isolation or in association, were not statistically significant in respect to the presence or absence of these antibodies (p-value =0.26). These results suggest that the ABH glycoconjugate profile expressed in the gastrointestinal tract under control of the FUT2 gene is not associated to anti-T. gondii antibodies.
Mestre
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Petit, Florence. "Polymorphisme érythrocytaire : approche anthropologique et interprétation de patterns de diversité génétique, entre peuplement et sélection." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0240.
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Mon travail de thèse est fondé sur la recherche d’une meilleure compréhension de la distribution géographique des polymorphismes érythrocytaires: antigènes de surface des systèmes de groupes sanguins érythrocytaires (GSE) et glucose-6-phosphate déshydrogénase (G6PD) intracellulaire. L’analyse sur 75 populations d’Asie des fréquences de l'allèle DI*01 du système de GSE Diego, des haplotypes C2-M217 et C2-M401 du chromosome Y, des coordonnées géographiques et des langues, a pu montrer la corrélation entre ces marqueurs. La répartition de DI*01 semble suivre les conquêtes mongoles, avec une expansion radiale depuis la Mongolie, porté par les nomades de langue Altaïque présentant C2-M217 et C2-M401. L'étude du gène G6PD chez 80 individus de Guyane Française de la communauté des Noirs Marrons originaire d’Afrique sub-Saharienne, aborde les relations santé-environnement. Les mutations du déficit en G6PD caractéristiques des variants sub-Sahariens ont été retrouvées chez une personne sur huit. La répartition du déficit était inconnue en Guyane Française et est encore mal connue en Amérique Latine et dans les Caraïbes, où sévit encore Plasmodium vivax dont le traitement nécessite l’utilisation de la primaquine pouvant entraîner une hémolyse sévère chez les individus G6PD-déficients. Mon troisième objectif a été de mettre en évidence l’influence de différents facteurs sur la répartition des polymorphismes de 10 systèmes de GSE étudiant 343 populations. Par des modélisations, les fréquences alléliques ont été confrontées aux données environnementales et culturelles. Enfin, une étude a été réalisée sur le système Duffy avec des analyses de détection de la sélection sur données SNPMy Ph.D. work is based on the search for a better understanding of the geographical distribution of red blood cell polymorphisms: the surface antigens of red cell blood group systems (BGS) and the intracellular glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). The analysis on 75 Eurasian populations of frequencies of the DI*01 allele coding for Diego a antigen of Diego BGS, the C2-M217 and C2-M401 haplotypes of the Y chromosome, geographic coordinates and languages, has shown a correlation between these markers. The DI*01 distribution seems to follow the Mongol conquests, carried by the Altaic-speaking nomads possessing the C2-M217 and C2-M401 haplotypes with a radial expansion from Mongolia. The study of the G6PD gene in 80 individuals from French Guiana of the Noir Marron community originating from sub-Saharan Africa, addresses health-environment relations. Characteristic mutations of sub-Saharan variants of G6PD deficiency have occurred in one in eight people. The G6PD deficiency distribution was previously unknown in French Guiana and is still poorly known in Latin America and the Caribbean, where Plasmodium vivax still cracks down. Its treatment requires the use of primaquine which may cause severe haemolysis in G6PD-deficient individuals. My third objective was to highlight the influence of different factors on the distribution of polymorphisms of 10 BGS studying 343 populations. Through model adjustments, allelic frequencies have been confronted to environmental and cultural data. Finally, a study has been also conducted on the Duffy BGS by analyses of detection of natural selection on SNP data
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Costa, Nuno Miguel Duarte. "Automatic Blood Typing Scanner Through Agglutination." Dissertação, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/74862.
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Costa, Nuno Miguel Duarte. "Automatic Blood Typing Scanner Through Agglutination." Master's thesis, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/74862.
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Moores, Phyllis Patricia. "Human blood groups and antibodies." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7669.
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The following blood group phenotypes and antigens were studied: Abantu , Ax, Ay, Bm, Bm-like, B3-like, "Bombay" Oh Le(a+b-), "Bombay" Oh Le(a-b-), para-Bombay, Mi(a+), Vw+, S-s-U-, Dantu, Gerbich-, P1H, STEM+, Rh :-34, Rhnu11 , Le(a-b-c-d-), McC(e+) and Wd( a+) and a new form of polyagglutination associated with haemoglobin M - type Hyde Park. The effect of inheriting a y, D--, Dc- or R1Lisa haplotype was also investigated.
The following blood group antibodies were studied: anti-N in a person with type MN red cells, anti-hrs, anti-Rh34, anti-Jsb and anti-T. Type M red cells were confirmed to absorb anti-N and type N red cells not to absorb anti-M. A new technique was described for separating the two red cell populations in twin chimeras. Three XX/XX female dispermic chimeras with blood of two genetic types, two with patchy skin pigmentation, were identified. Reduced I and enhanced i antigen expression helped confirm a case of congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type II. Oval red cells accompanying an r (dce) haplotype were found, and anti-Tja-like haemolysins were not detected in women about to abort. Aspects of haemolytic disease of the newborn due to ABO and Rh antibodies were discussed. Two new tests in which 2-mercaptoethanol was used to distinguish between IgG (7S) and IgM (19S) immunoglobulins were described. Blood group phenotype and gene frequency studies were made in Black, White, Indian and
Coloured blood donors and the results were presented in 32 tables. Thirty monoclonal anti-A and 96 monoclonal antibodies for antigens in the ABO, MNSs, Rh, Lutheran, Kell, Lewis and Kidd systems and for other antigens were investigated for their activity and specificity.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1991.
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Alexander, Stewart Parks. "An integrated microoptical microfluidic device for agglutination detection and blood typing." 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-01082007-035319/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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Zhou, Xin-Miao, and 周欣妙. "Determination of degree of RBC agglutination using microfluidic blood typing chip." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59779045501796715647.
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碩士中原大學
機械工程研究所
105
Blood typing assay is a critical test to ensure the serological compatibility of a donor and an intended recipient prior to a blood transfusion. Mistyping of blood group in transfusion might result in intravascular hemolysis, renal failure and shock. This thesis presents a microfluidic blood typing system using a small quantity of blood sample to determine the degree of RBC agglutination. This microfludic blood typing chip comprises five injection inlets and a detection chamber. An interdigitated electrode (IDE) array, acting as a sensor for the measurement of blood agglutination, exists inside the detection chamber. Moreover, two measuring methods were proposed: impedimetric measurement and electroanalytical measurement. The charge transfer resistance in the impedimetric measurement and the power parameter in the electroanalytical measurement were used for the analysis of agglutination level. From the experimental results, both measuring methods provide quantitative results and the parameters are linearly and monotonically related with the degree of RBC agglutination. However, the electroanalytical measurement is more reliable than the impedimetric technique because the impedimetric measurement may suffer from many influence factors, such as chip conditions. Five levels from non-agglutination (level 0) to strong agglutination (level 4+) can be discriminated, conforming to the clinical requirement to prevent any risks in transfusion. This proposed approach provides unambiguous quantitative identification of agglutination level for blood typing.
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Tsai, Wei-Hua, and 蔡偉華. "Synthesis and Blood Compatibility Studies on Surfaces with Phosphonate Functional Groups." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12783703864317567753.
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碩士國立成功大學
化學工程學系
84
A typical mammalian membrane may contain over a hundred different lipids. The most prominent polar head group present in natural membranes is phosphoryl-choline, and this is the head group contained by lecithins and sphingomyelinswhich form the largest part(88%) of the outer lipid layer of red-cell membrane. Platelet plasma extracellular surface also contains 78% phosphorylcholine.Theextracellular surfaces of red blood cells and platelets are haemocompatible and,therefore, the artificial surfaces mimicking those should be thrombo- resistant as far as possible. A new idea is proposed to mimick phosphorylcholine structure: immobilizationphosphonate functional groups on surface of glass. This surface might be expected to decrease the adsorption of proteins and prevent the activation of platelet so that thrombosis on the surface won't generateduring blood flowing through.In this paper,the mechanism of graft polymerization condition,surface characterizations of the graft surfaces and platelet adhesion test for the modified surfaces will be examined,and the biomedical applications of this surface will be discussed as well. According to our research, the surface immobilized phosphonate functional groups are showing a tendency to activate the platelets.It seems like that thephosphonate functional groups will cause thrombosis observed in this study. Since the density of the phosphonate functional groups on the glass surface isvery low(only 10~25% calculated),more studies are needed in order to elucidatethe causes that induce the plateletactivation observed on the surfaces modified by the phosphonate functionality.
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Liu, Shu-Lin, and 劉淑琳. "Studies on the Blood Groups of Serum Proteins and Hemologlobin in Ostriches." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92329466109782540434.
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碩士國立中興大學
畜產學系
88
英文摘要 Studies on the Blood Groups of Serum Proteins and Hemologlobin in Ostrich Shu-Lin Liu Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the blood protein patterns of blue neck, black neck and red neck ostriches. Through estimating differences of the allele frequency between various breeds, the study compared the varieties of hereditary forms between different breeds of ostriches. The study also compared the particular serum protein patterns of ostriches, emus and White Chinese geese. The results of Titan gel serum protein analysis showed: The level of serum protein of blue neck, black neck and red neck ostriches does not have significant differences (P>0.05). The percentages of albumin and α-globulin between male and female ostriches differ significantly (P<0.05). The pre-albumin and β-globulin of White Chinese geese significantly differ from ostriches and emus (P<0.05). The albumin and γ-globulin of ostriches and White Chinese geese differ significantly (P<0.05). The α-globulin of ostriches does not differ significantly from emus (P>0.05), but it is obviously higher than that of White Chinese geese (P<0.05). The pattern of lactate dehydrogenase in ostrich serum has five bands. The pattern of creatine phosphokinase in ostrich serum is CPK3 (MM) whose concentration is higher than CPK2 (MB) but does not have CPK1 (BB) bands. Ostrich, emu and White Chinese goose lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase patterns are different. Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to analyze the patterns of protein in ostrich serum and using cellulose acetate electrophoresis to analyze ostrich hemoglobin type, the results showed that the pre-albumin and albumin in blue neck, black neck and red neck ostrich serum have polymorphism while their transferrin and hemoglobin do not. The proportion of polymorphic loci of the three breeds of ostriches is the same (0.67). The result showed that the process of breeding was not strict, so the variety of heredity is significant. The number of effective loci of the three breeds of ostriches is higher than average (2.00±0.6). From this, it can be inferred that the allele of loci was randomly selected. The heterozygosity of pre-albumin in the three breeds of ostriches is higher than albumin (0.44~0.62 compared to 0.16~0.24). This showed that the variety of loci of the pre-albumin is great in ostriches. The mean of heterozygosity in the three breeds of ostriches is higher than average, and the cause might be that the ostriches are hybrids. The result matches the process of breeding ostriches.
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Steffensen, Bjørn. "Expression of epithelial blood group substances in gingival and junctional epithelium a dissertation [sic] submitted in partial fulfillment ... periodontics ... /." 1986. http://books.google.com/books?id=55U9AAAAMAAJ.
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Wu, Pei-Ying, and 吳沛穎. "Evaluating the effectiveness of a serious education game on mental resources and concept learning of blood circulation and blood type genetics in collaborative groups." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/738u2q.
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碩士國立彰化師範大學
生物學系
105
The purpose on this study was to develop a serious education game (SEG), Are U Reddy, which combines game characteristics with instructional content to facilitate students’ learning of blood circulation and blood type genetics. Moreover, its effectiveness on students’ mental resources and the effect of collaborative learning were examined. There were totally 82 seventh graders who took part in study. Students in the control group learned through playing Are U Reddy individually, yet the experimental manipulation was divided into homogenous and heterogeneous group to investigate the effect of grouping. Data resources included learning outcome assessment, mental resources questionnaire and database recordings. The results indicate that there were significances in student performance on the concept of Gram Staining among the three groups. No significant difference was reached among the three groups in terms of the use of mental resources and collaborative strategies. The results of Pearson’s correlation coefficients indicate that students in the control group had a positive correlation between learning outcomes and the use of mental resources - the real knowledge, while a positive correlation between learning outcomes and the use of mental resources - game dimension was revealed in both the heterogeneous and homogeneous group. The results of sequential analysis show that the homogeneous group revealed a simplest game behavior pattern. It has implied that students in the homogeneous group can sufficiently use the resources provided by the game to complete the task, and this effect was also shown in student performances on the learning outcome assessment. But for students in the heterogeneous group, the more they actively collaborate, the better they learn. Overall, teaching using homogeneous grouping should be integrated with differential utilizing multi-hierarchical learning tasks to learn, and giving students enough time to inquiry by themselves at the beginning of the discussion, so that students of different learning performance are all allowed to achieve desired learning goals. Interpretations and implications are finally discussed. Keywords：serious education game, mental resources, collaborative strategies, blood circulation, blood type genetics
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Schwartz, C. L., C. E. Clark, C. Koshiaris, P. S. Gill, S. M. Greenfield, M. S. Haque, G. Heer, et al. "Inter-arm difference in systolic blood pressure in different ethnic groups and relationship to the “white coat effect”: a cross sectional study." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/11880.
Full textAbstract:
YesBackground: Inter-arm differences (IAD) ≥10mmHg in systolic blood pressure (BP) are associated with greater incidence of cardiovascular disease. The effect of ethnicity and the white coat effect (WCE) on significant systolic inter-arm differences (ssIADs) are not well understood. Methods: Differences in BP by ethnicity for different methods of BP measurement were examined in 770 people (300 White British, 241 South Asian, 229 African-Caribbean). Repeated clinic measurements were obtained simultaneously in the right and left arm using two BP-Tru monitors and comparisons made between the first reading, mean of second and third and mean of second to sixth readings for patients with, and without known hypertension. All patients had ambulatory monitoring (ABPM). WCE was defined as systolic Clinic BP ≥10mmHg higher than daytime ABPM. Results: No significant differences were seen in the prevalence of ssIAD between ethnicities whichever combinations of BP measurement were used and regardless of hypertensive status. ssIADs fell between the 1st measurement (161, 22%), 2nd/3rd (113, 16%) and 2nd-6th (78, 11%) (1st vs 2nd/3rd and 2nd-6th, p<0.001). Hypertensives with a WCE were more likely to have ssIADs on 1st, (OR 1.73 (95% CI 1.04-2.86), 2nd/3rd, (OR 3.05 (1.68-5.53) and 2nd-6th measurements, (OR 2.58 (1.22-5.44). Non-hypertensive participants with a WCE were more likely to have a ssIAD on their first measurement (OR 3.82 (1.77 -8.25) only. Conclusion: ssIAD prevalence does not vary with ethnicity regardless of hypertensive status but is affected by the number of readings, suggesting the influence of WCE. Multiple readings should be used to confirm ssIADs.
This report presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR).
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Chuang, Wen-Hsi, and 莊文喜. "Surface Characterization and Blood Compatibility Studies of Variation Functional Groups of Self Assembled Monolayer." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12113126880729657857.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
化學工程學系
86
Abstract Self assembled monolayer（SAM）has been shown as a very well- ordered monolayer on the surface. Due to its well-defined surface chemical structure, it is employed as the model surface in this study to explore the relationships between the blood components and the various surface properties of substrate. Self assembled monolayers on gold substrate using the thiol with the hydrophobic terminal group, CH3(CH2)9SH, hydrophilic neutral terminal group, OH(CH2)11SH, and hydrophilic negative charge functional group,COOH(CH2)10SH, HSO3(CH2)10SH are employed for this study. Dynamic contact angle measurement indicates the SAM surface with -CH3 terminal group are hydrophobic and the surfaces with -OH, -COOH, and -SO3 terminal groups are hydrophilic. The C1S and S2p ESCA spectra confirm the functional groups composition and the S2p spectra further confirmed the formation of monolayer on the Au substrate. Platelet adhesion test demonstrates the SAM with hydrophobic function group (-CH3) exhibiting the highest degree of platelet activation. The SAM surface with -OH terminal group has been shown to induce the least degree of platelet activation and the least amount of platelet adhesion. Moreover, the SAM surfaces with negative charge functionalities have a similar amount of platelet adhesion but lower degree of platelet activation than the one with the hydrophobic group (-CH3). Key word：Self assembled monolayers, blood compatibility, wettability, platelet
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Lu, Nain-En, and 呂念恩. "Development of a rapid and precise method of identifications for blood groups with weak antigens." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88280144952937761275.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
醫學工程學研究所
98
There is a problem that the false negatives of red blood cells(RBCs) with Rh(Del), causing hemolytic disease during blood transfusion and hemolytic disease of newborn (HDN), is sometimes happened in our blood centers where medical technologists identify them in general blood typing cards (Ortho BioVue System Microtyping card). Adsorption and elution method, the standard procedure of identifying Del, spends more times (at least an hour), quantities of sample (1c.c. RBCs), and costs (1c.c. reagent) than the method of microtyping card so that they do not use this method at pretransfusion testing. To solve this problem, we suppose that the appearance of false negative is due to less D antigens per RBC membrane than D positive persons. RBCs have no probability to agglutinate by monoclonal anti-(RhD) antibody. If we amplify D antigens from RBCs with Del, they could have been agglutinated because of the probability of agglutination arising. Base on this conception, we test four different kinds of antigen-antibody amplification techniques: the first is that a water soluble polymer, poly(acrylic acid), conjugated with secondary antibody, anti-(mouse IgG) which binds on anti-(RhD) antibody, would be used as an cross-linker that let RBCs with Del agglutinate; the second is that a new polymer (Ac-pAAm -Biotin), made from a water soluble polymer, poly(allylamine) which was partially acetylation and biotinylation, would be interact with anti-(RhD), anti-(mouse IgG)-biotin conjugates, and avidin to agglutinate RBCs with Del. The third and fourth are that alternatives of the new polymer (pAAm-Ac-Biotin), commercial bovine serum albumin, biotin conjugates (BSA-biotin) and poly(acrylic acid) beads, biotin conjugates (pAA beads-biotin), would be applied to agglutination of RBCs with Del. Our result revealed that only the third method, BSA-biotin, can prevent false negative efficaciously and this method is more rapid (about 10 mins) and less quantities of sample (10λ, 3% RBCs) and costs (20λ reagent) than adsorption and elution method.