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Olefir, Irina Anatolievna. "Blood groups." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2106-09.
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On June 14, 1868, Karl Landsteiner, an outstanding scientist, known for his works in the field of immunohematology and immunochemistry, who received the Nobel Prize for the discovery of blood group systems in 1930, was born in a Viennese family. In 1900, Karl Landsteiner published a work in which he described in detail the process of agglutination that occurs when the blood plasma of one person is mixed with the red blood cells of another one. At that time, the scientist came to the conclusion that this phenomenon was of an immunological nature. In 1901, Landsteiner decided to divide human blood into three subgroups: A, B, and C; a little later, the AB group was added to them, while the C group was renamed as O. In addition, it was Landsteiner who invented a fairly simple scheme that allows developing and introducing the basic principles of blood transfusion into wide practice, and the world got a wonderful opportunity to save hundreds and thousands of human lives. Thanks to this discovery, made more than 100 years ago, more than 100 million donations are made every year around the world, more than half of which are in developed countries with high living standards and incomes. Here people come to blood donation deliberately, and not for the sake of receiving financial or any other benefit. Thanks to blood transfusion, it became possible to successfully carry out many surgical interventions accompanied by the loss of a large amount of blood, exchange blood transfusion for hemolytic disease of newborns, and substitution therapy for many pathological conditions. Karl Landsteiner’s work was highly appreciated: in 1930, due to the discovery of blood groups, he became the Nobel Prize laureate in the field of medicine.
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Barakoti, Achut, Junu Richhinbung Rai, Ram Prasad Adhikari, and Laxmi Kant Khanal. "Comparison of Antibody Titre Against Salmonella Species among Healthy Individuals and Febrile Patients." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v14i3.20860.
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Background: Widal tube agglutination test is a widely used laboratory test for diagnosis of enteric fever especially in resource limited countries where blood culture are not routinely available. We studied the titres from different groups including febrile and healthy populations in order to identify the significant agglutination titre. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study. Subjects were divided into three groups: 1) 60 healthy blood samples from volunteer students, 2) 60 febrile non-typhoidal cases and 3) 58 culture positive patient for enteric fever. Results: Among 60 apparently healthy volunteers, agglutination of ≥ 1:20 for anti O and anti-H titres against serotype Typhi were seen in 40 and 46 samples respectively. A significant proportion of sample had a titre of ≥1:80 (n=19) and 1:160 (n=14) for anti O and anti-H titres against serotype Typhi respectively among healthy individuals. Similar observations were seen in febrile non typhoidal cases except for one which had a titre of ≥1:320 for anti O and anti-H titres against serotype Typhi. In blood culture positive typhoid cases, 56 samples showed agglutinations of ≥1:80 for both anti O and anti-H titres against serotype Typhi. However two of the total sample tested showed no agglutinations. In all cases from three groups, anti-H titre for S. enterica serotype Paratyphi A and B were below 1:80. Conclusions: Widal test can be used as presumptive diagnostic tool in all the suspected cases of enteric fever if the titres are specifically raised.Keywords: enteric fever; titre; widal aggultination test.
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Zubcevic, Nadja, Suljevic Damir, Muhamed Focak, and Dunja Rukavina. "Effects of Plant Lectins on Human Erythrocyte Agglutination." Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjecr-2016-0031.
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AbstractPlant lectins are carbohydrate binding proteins or phytohaemagglutinins present in most plants, especially seeds and tubers, which include cereals, potatoes and beans. Lectins have great significance in the diet because of their involvement in gastrointestinal difficulties and erythrocyte agglutination. Blood agglutination activity against A, B, AB and O groups was shown after exposing blood to extracts obtained from 55% of tested plants, while in 45% of plants, agglutination was absent. The results of our study have shown that in humans, 40% of plant extracts exhibited activity against A, 40% of plant extracts exhibited activity against B, and 50% of plant extracts exhibited activity against AB and O groups in humans. The concentration of plant lectins depends on the part of the plant. Lectins from the seeds of certain plants cause the greatest percentage of erythrocyte agglutination, while the lowest agglutination was caused by plant bulbs and leaves. However, lectins derived from all plant species of the family Fabaceae agglutinated erythrocytes of all blood types to some extent.
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Zhou, Xuan, Xinshuo Zhang, Jianjun Zhou, and Lin Li. "An investigation of chitosan and its derivatives on red blood cell agglutination." RSC Advances 7, no. 20 (2017): 12247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra27417j.
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Tejasvi, M. L. Avinash, Jaya Laksmi Bukkya, Pandu Ranga Rao, and Harsha Bhayya. "Evaluation of the Secretor Status of ABO Blood Group Antigens in Saliva using Absorption Inhibition Method." Global Medical Genetics 08, no. 01 (February 23, 2021): 019–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1723083.
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AbstractObjectives While DNA profiling has become the principal technique for individualization of biological evidences, ABO blood grouping is still a useful test method in the initial stages of crime investigation. Objectives of the study were blood group determination using slide agglutination method, blood group determination from saliva using absorption inhibition method, and comparison of slide agglutination method with that of absorption inhibition method from saliva sample.Materials and Methods A total of 60 subjects were taken randomly with their age ranging from 20 to 60 years. Sixty subjects were divided in to two groups, study group and control group. 5 to 10 mL of unstimulated saliva was collected from 60 patients and Wieners agglutination test was performed to detect the secretor status of blood using absorption inhibition method and compared with that of slide agglutination methodResults Out of 60 subjects, 52 subjects showed secretors of antigen in saliva with percentage value of 86.66% and eight subjects were nonsecretors (13.33%). Slightly higher percentage of secretor status was seen in males 84.6 and 88.2% in females.Conclusion Evaluation of secretor status of blood group antigen from saliva using absorption inhibition method can be useful method in identification of medicolegal cases.
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Hughes-Jones, Nevin, and Patricia Tippett. "Ruth Ann Sanger. 6 June 1918 – 4 June 2001." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 49 (January 2003): 461–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2003.0027.
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Ruth Ann Sanger's scientific career was concerned with the delineation and mapping of human blood group genes by simple manual methods using, as tools, blood group antibodies and the agglutination reaction followed by statistical analysis of the results. Her active period coincided with the flowering of the whole subject of blood groups, which was initiated by the recognition of the clinical significance of the Rh antigens and the rediscovery of the antiglobulin reaction by Coombs, Mourant and Race (Coombs et al. 1945). In these days of ‘high-technology’ research, it is salutary to recognize that the complex body of knowledge that has been accumulated about blood groups has been derived by using the very simple technique of the visible cross-linking of red cells by antibodies specific for the blood group antigens present on the red cell surface. Landsteiner had by chance discovered the ABO blood group system in 1900 with the use of the agglutination reaction, but little progress was made in the next 45 years and we now know that the main reason for this is that most blood group antibodies are not physically capable of bringing about the cross-linking and agglutination of red cells on their own. This problem was solved by the introduction of the antiglobulin reaction, which uses a secondary antibody to bring about the cross-linking of blood group antibodies already attached to red cells.
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Azzam Afifi and Khadega suleiman. "Sero-prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in patients attending to Kassala Hospital, Kassala State 2016." Journal of The Faculty of Science and Technology, no. 7 (August 17, 2021): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/jfst.vi7.956.
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Toxoplasmosis is intracellular pathogen, caused by the protozoan parasite, belong to the phylum Apicomplexa. The present research aimed to determine the sero-prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among patients attending in Kassala hospital. Blood samples were collected in blood container by using sterile syringes (300), 5 ml of venous blood was drawn and required for the laboratory examination for Latex agglutination and ELISA techniques. high prevalence of T. gondii recorded (56.7%) for Latex Agglutination technique. Age-groups (18-40) showed higher rate of infection 62.2%. Statistical analysis verified no variation according to the gender and contact with cats (P > 0.05). high prevalence calculated, for those eating undercooked meat, drinking row milk, 67.1%, 65.5% respectively. Fainaly the present study recommended to Implantation of health education program, Toxoplasmosis should be checked before donating blood and Improvement of the standard of hygienic, sanitary and disease control.
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Gilmiyarova, F. N., N. A. Kolotyeva, O. A. Gusyakova, N. S. Nefedova, E. A. Shahnovich, and N. I. Gergel. "Key parameters of carbohydrate metabolism in healthy people with different AB0 blood groups." Kazan medical journal 94, no. 5 (October 15, 2013): 672–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1916.
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Aim. To study the particularities of metabolism associated with AB0 system blood groups by examination of carbohydrate exchange serum parameters. Methods. 446 healthy subjects with different blood groups were examined: 0 (I) blood group - 29.6%, A (II) - 31.8%, B (III) - 24.3%, AB (IV) - 14.3%. The blood group was defined by direct agglutination test in all subjects, piruvate, lactate, glucose, cortisol and insulin serum levels, lactatdehydrogenase and α-аmylase activity was defined using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Results. Group specific features of carbohydrate metabolism in subjects with different blood groups were revealed. In subjects with 0 (I) blood group the lowest glucose and insulin serum levels, the highest amylase activity and piruvate and lactate blood levels were characteristic; in subjects with A (II) blood group - highest level of insulin and cortisol, low lactate levels; in subjects with B (III) blood group - maximal lactatdehydrogenase and minimal amylase activity, high piruvate and lactate blood levels; in subjects with AB (IV) blood group - highest level of glucose, low lactatdehydrogenase and amylase activity, lowest lactate and piruvate blood levels were revealed. Conclusion. The particularities of molecular processes might be associated with blood group and predispose to different health conditions. The features of the metabolic profile of patients with different blood groups are the rationale for individualization of personal standards for each person that might reasonably be considered in clinical practice.
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Rafiq, Nadeema, Tauseef Nabi, and Quratul Ain Arifa. "Comparison of cardiac autonomic response in different ABO blood groups of young adults." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191339.
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Background: ABO blood group has been associated with various disease phenotypes, particularly cardiovascular disease. Abnormal autonomic response also plays a role in cardiac morbidity. Increasing attention is being focused on the role of autonomic nervous system in health and disease. The literature lacks data on the association of blood groups and cardiac autonomic function. The aim of the study was to find out the association between different blood groups and cardiovascular autonomic functions in young adults.Methods: 150 healthy young students of MMU aged 18-25 years, divided into four groups based on ABO blood grouping, determined by agglutination test (group A, group B, group O and group AB). Various autonomic function tests done were lying to standing test, Valsalva maneuver, Hand grip test (HGT) and Cold pressor test (CPT).Results: The mean baseline heart rate was significantly higher in group O as compared to group A. No parasympathetic alteration between different ABO blood groups was seen. Blood pressure response to HGT and CPT was not statistically significant between different blood groups.Conclusions: Present study revealed no alteration in cardiac autonomic function with regards to ABO blood grouping in young adults.
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Alzahrani, Faisal M., Saeed S. Shaikh, and Muzaheed A. Rasheed. "Frequency of ABO-Rhesus Blood Groups in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia." Journal of King Abdulaziz University - Medical Sciences 25, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/med.25-1.2.
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The western region of Saudi Arabia is known as a multinational region with different ethnic groups of people. This study aims to evaluate the ABO and rhesus blood groups among study subjects in the Western area of Saudi Arabia and their comparison with other regions of the Kingdom. It is a retrospective study. 35,388 participants were included. ABO blood grouping was done using tube method. Agglutination in any tube or hemolysis was considered as positive. Blood grouping was done by a preliminary finger prick, and was repeated again and a serum sample was obtained at the time of donation. Statistical Package for Social Sciences software was used for the data analysis. Results showed that the most common blood group is O, (50.1%) followed by A (29.7%), B (16%) and less frequent is AB (4.1%). Rhesus positive were 91.3%, while rhesus negative were 8.63%. These results demonstrate that the most common blood group in the Western province is O. Blood group A was noticed to be less frequent. Understanding the frequencies of the blood groups and their phenotypes is crucial for blood banking and for setting transfusion service protocols.
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Saousan, Serbout, Adnane Hind, Maaroufi Anass, Arous Salim, El Ghali Bennouna, Drighil Abdenasser, Azzouzi Leila, and Rachida Habbal. "ABO Blood Group: A Risk Factor for a Cardiovascular Disease in Adults in Morocco." Journal of Heart 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46619/joh.2020.1-1004.
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BACKGROUND The association between antigens A and B and cardiovascular disease is still unclear. Several reports have suggested an important involvement of the ABO blood group system in the susceptibility to thrombosis. Assessing that non-O blood groups in particular A blood group confer a higher risk of venous and arterial thrombosis than group O. Epidemiologic data are typically not available for all racial and ethnics groups. The purpose of this observational study was to identify a probable link between ABO blood group and ischemic and non-ischemic disease in subjects from the province of Casablanca, Morocco and to analyze whether A blood group individuals were at higher risk of ischemic disease or not. METHOD An observational study had been conducted from the beginning of 2017 until the end of 2019 in the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Centre, Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco. We recruited consecutive subjects (549 men and 544 woman) at our center between 2017 and 2019. We studied data on age, gender, past history of hypertension, diabetes, smoking, sedentarism, obesity, hyperlipidemia, use of estrogen-progestin contraceptives and blood group distribution. Their ABO blood groups were determined using standard agglutination techniques. In each blood group type, we evaluated the prevalence of ischemic and non-ischemic cardiovascular disease. RESULT Of the 1093 patients whose medical records were reviewed, 482 (44.1%) were carrying blood group A. Of the remaining 611 patients, 353 (32.3%) had blood group O, 212 (19.4%) blood group B, and 46 (4.3%) blood group AB. The diagnosis of ischemic disease (ID) was higher in patients with blood group O (63.3%) than in other blood groups, and the diagnosis of valvular disease was higher in patients with blood group A (48.7%) compared to other groups. In patients with blood group B or AB compared to non-B or non-AB, respectively there was no statistically significant difference in ID incidence. The incidence of ID in men was significantly higher in blood group O (63.2%, p = 0.015) compared with women, while there valvular disease was a statistically higher in women (54.5%, p = 0.035). This difference remains statistically significant after adjustment for common cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION Our study suggests an association between ABO blood group and Ischemic disease and non-ischemic disease in Moroccan population. In African countries, where most of health facilities are understaffed, more rigorous studies with a larger population are needed to give high level of evidence to confirm this association in order to establish the need to be more aggressive in risk factor control in these individuals.
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Karim, Shanaz, Md Mazharul Hoque, Ehteshamul Hoque, Hussne Ara Begum, Syeda Masooma Rahman, Tazin Afroze Shah, and Syed Zakir Hossain. "The Distribution of Abo and Rhesus Blood Groups Among Blood Donor Attending Transfusion Medicine Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital in 2014." Journal of Dhaka Medical College 24, no. 1 (September 7, 2016): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v24i1.29564.
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Objective: This study was aimed to identify the distribution patterns of ABO and Rh-D blood group among the blood donor attending at transfusion medicine department DMCHin order to promote social awareness and safe blood transfusion among the population.Method: It was a cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Transfusion Medicine, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from January to December 2014. After proper ethical consideration, a total of 39,512 blood donors were included in this study. They were selected irrespective of age and sex by systematic random sampling. ABO and Rh-D blood groups were determined by the antigen antibody agglutination test in our blood bank by standard tile techniques.Results: Among 39,512 blood donors male blood donors were 31,602(79.98%), female blood donors were 7,910(20.01%).14,817(37.5%) blood donor were identified as having blood group B, while 12,565 (31.8%) were blood group O, 8614( 21.80%) and3516( 8.9% )were blood group A and AB respectively. Rh-D positive were 38,247(96.79%) and Rh-D negative were 1,265(3.2%).J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 24, No.1, April, 2015, Page 53-56
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Garg, Priyanka, Jayant Kumar, Raghuveer Choudhary, and VK Chawla. "Association Between ABO Blood Groups And Myocardial Infarction In Jodhpur City of India." Journal of Bangladesh Society of Physiologist 7, no. 1 (July 10, 2012): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v7i1.11154.
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Background: Many reports have appeared in recent years showing an association between blood groups and Myocardial Infarction. Clinical studies have shown a significant association between MI and blood group B.Objective: To investigate correlation of ABO blood groups with risk of MI.Methods: The present cross sectional study analyzed ABO blood group among total 400 subjects of any age from the local population of Jodhpur city from July to December 2011.Among them 200 subjects were normal health (135 male and 65 female) students of Dr. S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur and another 200 (135 male, 65 female) were MI patients admitted in the CCU of Mathura Das Memorial (MDM) Hospital, Jodhpur. ABO blood group of all subjects were determined by slide agglutination method. Risk of MI was expressed by risk ratio. Data were analyzed by one sample chi square test.Results: The results obtained in this study showed that the prevalence of MI in blood group B is significantly higher than in all other ABO blood groups.Conclusion: The results may conclude that there is a significant association between MI and blood group B. So this study reveals MI risk is associated with the blood group B. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v7i1.11154 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2012, June; 7(1): 13-17
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M., Shehin, and Basila V. "Correlation between ABO blood groups and body mass index among medical students." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 10 (September 25, 2019): 3878. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20194325.
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Background: ABO blood groups are associated with certain diseases. The present study seeks to find out if there is any association between ABO blood groups and body mass index.Methods: The present study involves 150 medical students, 105 boys and 45 girls in the age group of 18-23 years in the Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Sambalpur. Height in meters and weight in kg were taken by stadiometer and weighing machine. BMI was calculated using formula BMI=weight in kg/height in m2 . Blood groups were determined by slide agglutination method. The data was analyzed through SPSS 20.Results: Overweight and obesity was found more prevalent in boys than girls. In total, 20.7% students were overweight (21% boys and 20% girls). The same trend was found in obesity. 15.3% of total students were obese (16.2% boys and 13.3% girls). Blood group B was reported the most common blood groups (42%) followed by blood group O (28%), while blood groups A and AB were found 18.7% and 11.3% of participants, respectively. The prevalence of overweight (BMI 25-29.9) among participants based on blood group O, A, AB and B was 23.8%, 22.2%, 21.4% and 5.9%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity (BMI >30) among participants based on blood groups AB, B, A and O was 23.5%, 17.5%, 14.3% and 9.5%, respectively.Conclusions: Prevalence of overweight and obesity was more in blood group O and AB respectively and was more in males than females.
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Aliviameita, Andika, Mieke Sylvia MAR, and Ahmad Yudianto. "Forensic Identification of Blood Types in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) Fruit Bitemark." Folia Medica Indonesiana 54, no. 4 (December 11, 2018): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v54i4.10710.
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Blood type in saliva can be examined through bitemarks on an object left at the crime scene in a crime case as a screening test of suspected perpetrators. Saliva deposited at the bite contains glycoproteins which can carry blood type ABH antigens expressed in the salivary glands and excreted in saliva. Salivary examination is influenced by various external factors that damage saliva, one of which is the duration of exposure to room temperature in a certain period of time. This study aimed to determine differences in protein levels and blood group agglutination titers in (Pyrus bretschneideri) pear bitemark saliva during room temperature exposure within 30, 60 and 90 minutes. This type of study was experimental laboratories with time series design. The samples used were 18 pear bitemarks from 6 individuals who had blood groups A, B and AB then incubated for 30, 60 and 90 minutes. Analysis of protein content using trizol reagent was determined spectrophotometrically, while blood group examination used inhibition absorption method. Anova test showed significant difference between groups of 30 minutes exposure duration with 60 minutes and 90 minutes exposure group (P<0.05; 95% confidence interval). The Pearson correlation obtained the results of -0.739, indicating correlation that the longer exposure to room temperature, the lower the protein content. The results showed that there was a decrease in salivary protein levels and blood group agglutination titers. Salivary protein levels were still detected in the time range of 30, 60 and 90 minutes, so that blood type can still be examined from saliva in bitemarks on pear fruit.
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Golovkina, L. L., R. S. Kalandarov, O. S. Pshenichnikova, V. L. Surin, A. G. Stremoukhova, T. D. Pushkina, and B. B. Khasigova. "Identification of common and new rare types of weak RhD antigen in patients with blood diseases and healthy person." Oncohematology 14, no. 3 (October 20, 2019): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1818-8346-2019-14-3-52-59.
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Background. Rhesus phenotype has been determined in 404 persons which have problems with blood groups identification. Genetic typing of antigen RhD variants was performed in 73 individuals. Objective of the work was to give molecular and serological characteristics of the antigen RhD weak types.Materials and methods. Method of rhesus phenotype determination in direct agglutination test on plane by using of anti-D, anti-C, anti-c, anti-Cw, anti-E and anti-e monoclonal antibodies; gel method of rhesus phenotype determination; methods of genetic typing of RhD; methods of antigen RhD determination in the classic indirect antiglobulin test and in the gel indirect antiglobulin test; method of antigen RhD determination in the saline agglutination test.Results. Serological methods identified 73 red blood samples with the weakened expression of RhD antigen. Molecular methods showed the reasons of weakness of antigen expression. Three RHD*D weak types which are common in Russians (RHD*D weak type 1–3) were identified and for the first time 3 types were found – RHD*D weak type 67, RHD(G255R) and RHD(JVS5-38del4). Serological characteristic of RhD weak types was given. It was shown that combined using of monoclonal antibodies in direct agglutination test and in gel is the most effective serological method of the antigen variants detection. Red blood cells with weak RhD antigens can be recognized by weakness or absence of agglutination with monoclonal antibodies on plane if agglutination in gel was 3+4+.Conclusion. Concrete weak RhD variants can be determined only by genetic typing. Serologically weak antigen variants can be detected by using of at least two series of monoclonal antibodies or by using of two different methods (it is preferable).
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Mahat, Barun, Lava Shrestha, Shailesh Adhikari, Bikalp Thapa, Prakesh Limbu, Dinesh Banstola, and Sunil Dhungel. "Blood Groups and their Association with Academic Performance among Medical Students in a Nepalese Medical College." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 41, no. 3 (December 30, 2019): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiom.v41i3.37370.
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Introduction Knowing a person’s blood type is not only important in transfusion medicine and forensic medicine but is also useful for predicting a person’s characteristics including intelligence, knowledge, skill and behavior. It is recognized that intelligence, knowledge and skill are assessed by performance in examination. The objective of this study was to determine distribution of blood groups among students and its association with their academic performance.
MethodsThis was an analytical study that was conducted among the medical students of Nepalese Army Institutes of Health Sciences (NAIHS) in Department of Clinical Physiology from June 2014 to April 2019. This study was conducted among 738 students by using convenient sampling method. Blood group was determined on the basis of agglutination reaction. Academic performance of students was assessed by the marks obtained by them in annual final examination.
ResultsBlood group O was the most prevalent at 33.5%, followed by B at 29.5%, A at 29% and AB at 8%. Distribution of Rh positive and Rh negative were 96.6% and 3.4% respectively. The mean scores obtained in final university examination were highest in blood group A (62.9%) and lowest in blood group AB (60.3%) but the difference between different blood groups was not statistically significant.
ConclusionBlood group O was the most common blood group. Rh positive was present in 96.6%. Though mean score was highest in blood group A, significant association between blood groups and academic performance was not seen in our study.
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Proverbio, Daniela, Roberta Perego, Luciana Baggiani, Francesco Ferrucci, Enrica Zucca, Federico Nobile, and Eva Spada. "Prevalence of Ca Blood Type and Alloantibodies in a Population of Horses from Italy." Animals 10, no. 7 (July 13, 2020): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10071179.
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A knowledge of the blood groups and alloantibodies present is essential for the safe transfusion of blood products in horses. Pre-transfusion screening and blood typing minimizes the risk of incompatible RBC transfusions and prevents immunization of the recipient against incompatible RBC antigens. The frequencies of blood groups can vary among different breeds. Knowledge of a breed’s blood group prevalence can be very useful for identifying the best blood donors during transfusion in clinical practice. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of the Ca blood type in horses from Italy using a monoclonal immunocromatographic method and to estimate the prevalence of anti-Ca alloantibodies in Ca− horses using agglutination on gel technique. Ca blood type was determined on 110 whole blood samples. The prevalence of the Ca+ blood type was 79.1%. This study also provides data about the prevalence of Ca+ blood group in Italian Saddle Horses (77,3%) and Dutch Warmblood (58,3%). No significant association was found between Ca blood type and sex with 79.5% and 78.8% of females and males testing Ca+, respectively. The total number of Ca− samples with detectable anti-Ca alloantibodies was 7/23 (30.4%).
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Bakhtiari, Sedighe, Soheila Mani Far, Zahra Alibakhshi, Mohammad Shirkhoda, and Fahimeh Anbari. "Salivary Secretor Status of Blood Group Antigens in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 3 (February 14, 2019): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.101.
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BACKGROUND: Head and neck cancers include malignancies of the scalp and neck skin, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, salivary glands, pharynx and larynx. The term ABO secretor refers to people who secrete blood group antigens in their body fluids such as saliva, sweat, tears, semen, and serum. Non-secretors refer to those who do not secrete their blood group antigens in their body fluids. The lack of blood type antigens in body discharge increases the susceptibility to certain types of diseases and infection.
AIM: Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between the secretion of blood groups in the saliva of patients with head and neck cancers.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This case-control study was performed on 110 people (57 patients with head and neck cancer who were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran and 53 cancer-free controls). Five ml of non-stimulated saliva were collected by the spitting method. By agglutination or lack of agglutination in the test tubes, we determined the patient’s secretor or non-secretor condition.
RESULTS: In terms of secretor status, 52.7% of all samples were secretors. In the case group, 19 out of 57 cases (33.3%) were secretors, and 38 were non-secretors (66.7%). In the control group, 39 out of 53 cases (73.6%) were secretors, and 14 cases were non-secretors (26.4%). There was a significant difference in the percentage of non-secretors between the two groups (p = 0.00).
CONCLUSION: People with non-secretor status may be more prone to develop head and neck cancer. The presence of these antigens in saliva may have a protective effect.
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Geetha, M. Bagavad, and Jiby Jolly Benjamin. "Study of association of bleeding and clotting time with blood group among young adults." Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology 7, no. 4 (January 15, 2021): 350–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2020.074.
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Blood group plays a unique role in revealing the identity of an individual. Several studies have expressed variations in bleeding tendencies among individuals with various ABO blood groups. Hence a study was done to the find association of bleeding and clotting time with this blood group.This study had a cross-sectional study design and was done among 250 young adults. Slide agglutination method was used to assess ABO blood group; while Dukes and capillary tube method were used to determine bleeding and clotting time respectively. Chi-square analysis was done to analyze its association with blood group. Blood group O (38.4%) was found to be the major blood group among both genders, followed by B (34%), A (19.2%), AB (0.08%). Bleeding time of more than 4 minutes was found in both O and B group but the result was statistically not significant (p=0.85). Clotting time of more than 6 minutes was found again in both O and B groups and the difference was not significant (p=0.96). Bleeding time was found to be higher in males while Clotting time was found to be more prolonged in females however the difference was statistically less significant (p>0.05).In this study, results have shown that blood group O was the predominant blood group among the study population and blood group O and B had prolonged bleeding and clotting time compared to other groups. Based on gender, females had higher clotting time compared to males.
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Canizalez-Román, Adrián, Abraham Campos-Romero, José A. Castro-Sánchez, Mario A. López-Martínez, Francisco J. Andrade-Muñoz, Cinthia K. Cruz-Zamudio, Tania G. Ortíz-Espinoza, et al. "Blood Groups Distribution and Gene Diversity of the ABO and Rh (D)Lociin the Mexican Population." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1925619.
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Objective. To determine the frequency and distribution of ABO and Rh (D) antigens and, additionally, investigate gene diversity and the structure of Mexican populations.Materials and Methods. Blood groups were tested in 271,164 subjects from 2014 to 2016. The ABO blood group was determined by agglutination using the antibodies anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-D for the Rh factor, respectively.Results. The overall distribution of ABO and Rh (D) groups in the population studied was as follows: O: 61.82%; A: 27.44%; B: 8.93%; and AB: 1.81%. For the Rh group, 95.58% of people were Rh (D), and 4.42% were Rh (d). Different distributions of blood groups across regions were found; additionally, genetic analysis revealed that theIOandIDallele showed an increasing trend from the north to the center, while theIAandIdallele tended to increase from the center to the north. Also, we found more gene diversity in bothlociin the north compared with the center, suggesting population structure in Mexico.Conclusion. This work could help health institutions to identify where they can obtain blood products necessary for medical interventions. Moreover, this piece of information contributes to the knowledge of the genetic structure of the Mexican populations which could have significant implications in different fields of biomedicine.
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Yodoya, Jun-ichiro, and Kazuo Igarashi. "The Modified Mixed Cell Agglutination Reaction Method with Monoclonal Antibodies to Determine ABO Blood Groups from Forensic Samples." Japanese journal of science and technology for identification 6, no. 2 (2002): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3408/jasti.6.85.
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Yasmeen, Irm, Meena Sidhu, and Ibrar Ahmed. "Distribution of RH and Kell (K) blood group antigens among blood donors in a tertiary care hospital of Jammu region, India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191344.
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Background: Knowledge about the frequency of red cell antigen phenotype is very important for the creation of donor data bank and to minimize the risk of alloimmunization. This requires the determination of immunological characteristics of blood products and blood recipients by performing phenotyping of clinically significant blood group antigens. The aims and objectives were to study the distribution of Rh and Kell (K) antigen among blood donors of different ethnic groups in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This was prospective observational cross sectional one-point analysis study which was carried out over a period of one year with effect from November 2015 to October 2016 in the Postgraduate Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion Medicine, Shri Maharaja Gulab Singh (SMGS) Hospital, Government Medical College, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It comprised of voluntary and replacement donors and categorized into different ethnic groups i.e Dogras, Gujjar Muslims, Non-Gujjar Muslims, Kashmiri Pandits, Sikhs and Christian. Donors selection criteria was as per Drug and Cosmetic Act.Results: A total of 500 (Five hundred) blood samples from the donors of all blood groups were typed for the presence of Rh (D, C, E, c, e) and Kell (K) antigens. Out of these 500 samples, 420 were antigen typed by conventional tube technique and 80 samples were typed by column agglutination technique using glass beads. As per ethnicity, maximum donors were Dogras (74%) followed by Non-Gujjar Muslims (9.4%), Gujjar Muslims (9%), Sikhs (5.6%), Kashmiri Pandits (1.4%) and Christians were the least in frequency (0.6%). On phenotyping for Rh and Kell antigens ‘e’ antigen have the ubiquitous distribution and was found to have the highest frequency 486 (97.2%) followed by ‘D’ antigen 472 (94.4%), ‘C’ antigen 426 (85.2%), ‘c’ antigen 320 (64.0%) and ‘E’ antigen 103 (20.6%). Overall frequency of Kell (K) antigen was 2.6%.Conclusions: Knowledge of red cell antigen phenotype frequencies in a population with different ethnic groups can help in creating donor data bank and database for the distribution of blood groups for preparing inhouse cell panels and providing proper antigen compatible blood for patients with multiple alloantibodies and also reduce the risk of RBC antigen alloimmunization along with their complications.
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Onah, Ikechukwu Eugene, Ezinne Veronica Moses, Ifeyinwa Esther Ugwuoke, Sabina Chioma Eze, Jude Ifeanyichukwu Okwor, and Patience Obiageli Ubachukwu. "Comparative ABO blood group and rhesus factor distribution between homogenous and heterogenous populations in South Eastern Nigeria." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, no. 5 (August 9, 2019): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v10i5.25013.
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Background: The ABO blood group and Rhesus (Rh) factor remain the most important blood group in transfusion medicine. Knowledge of ABO and rhesus blood group distribution within a population is indispensable for transfusion medicine, clinical and marriage counselling.
Aims and Objectives: The objectives of this study were to provide data and compare the pattern of ABO and rhesus blood group distribution between a homogenous and a heterogenous population.
Material and Methods: Blood was collected from 352 University students representing a heterogenous population and 235 primary school pupils in a local community representing homogenous population. The ABO and rhesus blood groups were determined using white tile and agglutination methods.
Results: Among the 352 and 235 individuals studied in UNN and HFNP, blood groups O had the highest frequency with 54.80% and 51.06% respectively while blood group AB had the least frequency of 4.50% and 3.40% in UNN and HFNP respectively. Rhesus positive had the highest frequency of 88.63% and 95.33% while rhesus negative had the frequencies of 11.35% and 4.68% in UNN and HFNP respectively. Rhesus negative was highest among females in UNN 26 (7.37%) while males had the highest rhesus negative 7 (2.98%) in HFNP. In both study populations, there was no significant difference in ABO and rhesus blood group distribution between the males and females (P > 0.05).
Conclusions: A homogenous population is associated with low prevalence of rhesus negative compared to a heterogenous population.
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Kasuga, Hisao. "Determination of ABO Blood Groups from Human Salivary Stain by the Mixed Agglutination Reaction Method Using an OHP Film." Japanese journal of science and technology for identification 4, no. 1 (1999): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3408/jasti.4.37.
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Willke, Ayse, Onder Ergonul, and Banu Bayar. "Widal Test in Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever in Turkey." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 9, no. 4 (July 2002): 938–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.9.4.938-941.2002.
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ABSTRACT We studied the value of the Widal tube agglutination test for the diagnosis of typhoid fever. The subjects were all adults >18 years of age and were divided into four groups: (i) 317 healthy blood donor controls, (ii) 31 bacteriologically confirmed patients with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, (iii) 21 patients with a clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever, and (iv) 41 febrile nontyphoid patients. Blood donor controls were screened with a slide agglutination test for the Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi O and H antigens, and positives were then tested with the Widal test. Acute- and convalescent-phase sera from patients in groups 2, 3, and 4 were obtained 7 to 10 days apart and tested by the Widal test. Using a cutoff of ≥1/200 for the O antigen test performed on acute-phase serum gave a sensitivity of 52% and a specificity of 88% with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 76% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 71%. This increased to 90% sensitivity and specificity with a PPV of 88% and an NPV of 93% when the convalescent-phase serum was tested. We concluded that O and H agglutinin titers of ≥1/200 are of diagnostic significance. The Widal test is easy, inexpensive, and relatively noninvasive. It can be of diagnostic value when blood cultures are not available or practical. The results must be interpreted cautiously because of the low sensitivity of the test. The Widal test done on convalescent-phase serum gave more-reliable results with higher specificity and sensitivity.
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Sultana, Rayhana, Zaida Rahman, Dipok Kumar Sannyal, Mohammad Abdullah Al Masud, Golam Morshed Molla, Rokeya Begum, Ruhul Amin, and Sharif Shahjamal. "Comparison of ABO and Rh-D Blood Group Systems between the Garo Tribal People of Mymensingh and General People of Dhaka City." Journal of Enam Medical College 1, no. 1 (July 9, 2012): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v1i1.11137.
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Background: The distribution pattern of ABO and Rh-D blood group in our country including the tribal people is not fully established as elaborated and large scale studies have not been carried out on it. Therefore this study was designed to observe the distribution pattern of ABO and Rh-D blood groups among the Garo tribes of Mymensingh and general people of Dhaka city. Objectives: To determine and to compare the distribution pattern of ABO and Rh-D blood groups among the Garo tribal people of Mymensingh and general people of Dhaka city and to compare this distribution between this two groups. Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2008 to June 2009. After proper ethical consideration total 900 Garo people of Mymensingh and 784 general people of Dhaka city were included in this study. The Garo localities and the general people of Dhaka city were selected by systematic random sampling. ABO and Rh-D blood groups were determined by the antigen antibody agglutination test of slide method. Chi square statistical analyses were done to compare the results of ABO blood group systems between the Garo people and general people of Dhaka city. Results: This study revealed that there are significant variations in the distribution of ABO and Rh-D blood groups between the Garo tribal people of Mymensingh and the general people of Dhaka city. In this study it was observed that blood group A was apparently predominant in Garo population, while blood group B was predominant in general population (p<0.001), blood group AB and O were almost similar in both groups. Rh typing of the participants reveals that majorities of both groups were Rh positive. Rh negative persons are rare in both populations, but it is extremely rare in the Garo population (0.9%). Conclusion: From the findings of the present study it can be concluded that distribution of ABO and Rh-D blood groups varies between the Garo tribal people and the general people of Dhaka city. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v1i1.11137J Enam Med Col 2011; 1(1): 31-35
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Meža, Marko, Marko Breskvar, Andrej Košir, Irena Bricl, Jurij Tasič, and Primož Rožman. "Telemedicine in the blood transfusion laboratory – remote interpretation of pre-transfusion tests." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 13, no. 7 (October 1, 2007): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/135763307782215370.
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We have developed a telemedicine system for blood transfusion work, to supply the local hospital laboratory with an expert opinion from the central reference laboratory. The telemedicine system allows remote inspection and interpretation of pre-transfusion tests, which are performed by ID-cards (micro-tube gel technology). The system was installed at three blood transfusion laboratories in Slovenia, approximately 70 km apart. Validation of the telemedicine system was performed using 99 clinical cases selected randomly from routine work. Two groups of immunohaematology specialists participated. Group A ( n = 8) performed the read-out of the pre-transfusion tests on ID-cards by using the telemedicine system. Group B ( n = 2) then read the ID-cards independently using the standard visual method. All 98 final interpretations which were recorded using the telemedicine system were correct. We recorded 591 micro-tube read-outs of agglutination strength using the telemedicine system, of which 582 were correct. For comparison, we recorded 591 micro-tube read-outs using the standard visual method, of which 582 were correct. The validation proved that the telemedicine system was suitable for operational use.
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Gupta, Geetika, Bhavna Langer, Tabinda Shah, Anil K. Gupta, and Mumtaz Goni. "Association of microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus with ABO blood group." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 6, no. 3 (May 24, 2019): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20192084.
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Background: Micro vascular complications are the major outcome of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus progression, which reduces the quality of life and increases diabetic morbidity & mortality. As the incidence of type 2 diabetes is growing day by day; our search for its aetiology and pathogenesis is also ever growing to predict its risk factors and early screening for better care and prevention of its complications. Many studies have tried to link susceptibility of type 2 diabetes with ABO blood group though results have been inconsistent. The present study aims to analyse association of micro vascular complication with different blood groups if any.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among patients of type 2 diabetes Mellitus in a tertiary care hospital. Determination of ABO and Rh status was done by standard slide method of agglutination. Detailed information about age, gender, BMI, duration of diabetes, age of onset of diabetes was noted with the help of a proforma. The records (clinical examination and investigations done by physician) were screened for type of micro vascular complications.Results: Out of a total of 319 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes, 209 subjects (65.15%) had one or the other complications. A statistically significant (p=0.00) difference was observed between the presence or absence of complications in different blood groups. In patients with Blood group B, 76.14% presented with complications. Though Nephropathy was the most common complication observed among different blood groups, none of the type of micro vascular complication was found to be significantly associated with different blood groups.Conclusions: The findings in our study suggest that although there was a significant association between presence or absence of complications and different blood groups, but this association was not significant for different types of complications.
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Mohammed Hanon, Basim. "Serological diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis by specific antibody in camels of Wasit province, Iraq." Journal of Education College Wasit University 1, no. 29 (January 16, 2018): 412–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/eduj.vol1.iss29.162.
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Background: toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite, more added a major public health is worldwide because have high distribution in livestock.
Objectives: the main aim of this study determine the occurrence of the seroepidemiological toxoplasmosis in camels in waist province of Iraq from November 2016 to April 2017.
Materials and Methods: blood samples collected of animals randomly were included six different groups of animals were diagnosed by A Latex agglutination test (LAT) and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.
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Golovkina, L. L., R. S. Kalandarov, A. G. Stremoukhova, O. S. Kalmykova, T. D. Pushkina, V. L. Surin, O. S. Pshenichnikova, T. L. Nikolaeva, and N. I. Olovnikova. "DIFFERENTIATION OF THE A1 AND A2 SUBGROUPS OF THE AB0 SYSTEM: BIOLOGICAL BACKGROUND AND SEROLOGICAL STRATEGY." Russian journal of hematology and transfusiology 64, no. 4 (December 12, 2019): 504–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35754/0234-5730-2019-64-4-504-515.
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Introduction. The identification of weak variants of the A antigen, as well as their differentiation, is necessary for the proper selection of erythrocyte-containing media for blood transfusions. To this end, selective anti-A1 reagents that react only with the A1 antigen are used in combination with anti-A reagents reacting equally with the A1 and A2 antigens. Given that the expression of the A antigen varies within the subgroups and there is no established standard for reagents and procedures, the interpretation of the obtained results presents difficulties.Aim. To develop a strategy for identifying the variants of the A antigen using available reagents in an agglutination reaction.Methods. We compared the effectiveness of four anti-A1 and two anti-H reagents using 23 blood samples (groups A2 and A2B) and control samples (groups A1 and A1 B). Two types of anti-A1 reagents were employed: Dolychos biflorus lectin and monoclonal antibodies. All of the reagents were designed for direct agglutination reactions. Belonging of the erythrocytes to the A2 subgroup was confirmed using genetic analysis.Results. It is shown that anti-A1 reagents did not interact with A2B red blood cells and often reacted with A2 red blood cells. The strength of the reaction with A2 red blood cells varied greatly and was weaker than with A1 red blood cells; however, it hindered the subgroup identification. Simultaneous tests conducted using an anti-H reagent allowed the authors to draw an unambiguous conclusion about blood belonging to a subgroup: a strong reaction indicated the A2 subgroup, whereas a negative or weak reaction indicated the A1 subgroup. A discrepancy was noted between the results obtained for two donors using serological and molecular methods: the A3 subgroup was identified serologically, whereas genotyping revealed the AB0*A1 allele. In both cases, direct sequencing showed a combination of mutant alleles giving the A3 phenotype. When using commercial kits to perform genotyping analysis through a polymerase chain reaction, it should be taken into consideration that primers are matched to the most common variants and cannot detect all mutations of the AB0 gene.Conclusion. Reliable identification of the A2 subgroup through serological methods is possible when using lectin or monoclonal anti-A1 antibodies in combination with a monoclonal anti-H reagent.Conflict of interest: the authors declare no conflict of interest.Financial disclosure: the study had no sponsorship.
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Tommaso, Morena Di, Arianna Miglio, Paolo Emidio Crisi, Andrea Boari, Francesca Rocconi, Maria Teresa Antognoni, and Alessia Luciani. "Frequency of Blood Types A, B and AB in a Population of Non-Pedigree Domestic Cats from Central Italy." Animals 10, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 1937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10101937.
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Blood transfusion reactions and neonatal isoerythrolysis are common events in the feline population due to the presence of natural alloantibodies in the AB blood group system. It is known that the frequency of feline blood types varies according to the geographic region and breed. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the frequency of AB blood groups in non-pedigree domestic cats in Central Italy and estimate the risk of a life-threatening transfusion reaction and neonatal isoerythrolysis, caused by mismatched transfusion or incompatible random mating, respectively. The AB blood group was determined on non-pedigree domestic feline patients and potential blood donors submitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospitals of the Universities of Teramo (Abruzzo Region, Teramo, Italy) and Perugia (Umbria Region, Teramo, Italy), and visited at veterinary practitioners in Rome (Lazio Region, Teramo, Italy) using commercial immunochromatographic cartridges and commercial agglutination cards. There were four hundred and eighty-three cats included in the study. The frequencies of the blood types were: 89.9% type A, 7.0% type B, and 3.1% type AB. The probability of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction or a neonatal isoerythrolysis was 6.5%. Although the frequency of type B in non-pedigree domestic cats living in Central Italy was relatively low, to reduce the risk of fatal transfusion reactions, blood group typing is recommended before each transfusion.
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Bakhtiari, Sedigheh, Zahra Yadegari, Marziyeh Kaviyani, Zahra Namazi, and Mahin Bakhshi. "Secretor Status of ABO Antigens in Saliva of a Defined Group of Iranian Patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Case-Control Study." Scientifica 2020 (July 30, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2950856.
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Introduction. Pemphigus is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease which can cause blisters and mucocutaneous erosions. ABO secretor refers to those who secrete ABO blood group antigens based on their blood type in body fluids such as saliva, sweat, tears, semen, and serum. Previous studies showed that nonsecretor people are more prone to certain autoimmune diseases. Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the ABO secretor status in the saliva of patients with pemphigus vulgaris. Materials and Methods. This case-control study was conducted on 35 patients with pemphigus vulgaris and 35 healthy controls. The two groups were matched for age and gender. Pemphigus vulgaris diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology and direct immunofluorescence microscopy. ABO blood grouping was done, and 5 ml of unstimulated saliva was collected to determine secretor status. Secretors were recognized from nonsecretors by the Wiener agglutination inhibition test. Results were extracted by using statistical chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results. 16 male and 19 female patients aged 49.43 ± .12.37 years were compared with 16 male and 19 female controls aged 46.43 ± 11.88 years. The most frequent blood group among case and control groups was O (54.3% and 60%, respectively). There was no significant difference in blood groups (P=0.73). 90% of the samples were ABO secretors. The patient group included 31 (88.6%) and the control group included 32 (91.4%) ABO secretors; there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=1.000). Conclusion. In this study, we observed that the people with nonsecretor status in comparison with the people with secretor status are not more susceptible to develop pemphigus vulgaris.
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EL-BAHR, S. M., and W. M. EL-DEEB. "Trypanosoma evansi in naturally infected Dromedary Camels: lipid profile, oxidative stress parameters, acute phase proteins and proinflammatory cytokines." Parasitology 143, no. 4 (February 18, 2016): 518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016000123.
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SUMMARYAdditional biomarkers are essential for control of Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) infection in dromedary camels. Two groups of 30 camels each, one naturally infected with T. evansi and other normal healthy were executed. The basis for the infection was the positive findings of clinical examination, blood smears and latex agglutination test. Blood samples of both groups and its harvested serum were used for the estimation of present serobiochemical parameters. The present findings revealed significant decrease (P ⩽ 0·05) in triacylglycerol, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol with significant increase (P ⩽ 0·05) in low density lipoprotein cholesterol, beta hydroxyl butyric acids, non-esterified fatty acids, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen, interleukins, tumour necrosis factor-α, interferon gamma, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and catalase of infected camels compared with the control. The present study suggests lipid profile, acute phase proteins, proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress parameters as biomarkers for T. evansi infection in camels.
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Hira, RM, LK Dhali, ND Dhali, and DK Akash. "ABO and Rh-D blood group distribution in a rural population of Bangladesh." Mediscope 2, no. 1 (August 27, 2015): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mediscope.v2i1.24736.
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This is an observational cross-sectional study aiming to identify the distribution patterns of ABO and Rh-D blood group in a rural population of Bagerhat District, Bangladesh in order to promote social awareness and safe blood transfusion among the population. After proper ethical consideration, a total of 164 people of a village in Bagerhat District were included in this study. They were selected irrespective of age and sex by systematic random sampling. ABO and Rh-D blood groups were determined by the antigen antibody agglutination test of slide method. The ABO group distribution, O (34.1%), A (26.2%), B (25.6% and AB (14.0%). Of the respondents, 105 (64.0%) were male and 59 (36.0%). The frequency of group O+ve comprised the highest (32.9%) of the samples followed by group A+ve, B+ve and AB+ve. The majority of the subjects were Rh-D positive (94.5%). It is observed that Rh-D positive group is more common in subjects with O group whereas Rh-D negative group is more common in B group. Most common blood group among this village population was O+ve which can safely be transfused to any other group. The study of blood grouping can generate database and create social awareness about self-blood grouping and safe blood transfusion among the population.Mediscope Vol. 2, No. 1: 2015, Pages 22-26
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Bancone, Germana, Mary Ellen Gilder, Nongnud Chowwiwat, Gornpan Gornsawun, Elsi Win, Win Win Cho, Eh Moo, et al. "Prevalences of inherited red blood cell disorders in pregnant women of different ethnicities living along the Thailand-Myanmar border." Wellcome Open Research 2 (August 24, 2017): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12338.1.
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Background: Inherited red blood cell disorders are prevalent in populations living in malaria endemic areas; G6PD deficiency is associated with oxidant-induced hemolysis and abnormal hemoglobin variants may cause chronic anemia. In pregnant women, microcytic anemia caused by hemoglobinopathies mimics iron deficiency, complicating diagnosis and treatment. Anemia during pregnancy is associated with morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to characterize the prevalence of G6PD deficiency, hemoglobinopathies, ABO and Rhesus blood groups among the pregnant population living along the Thailand-Myanmar border. Pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in this area belong to several distinct ethnic groups. Methods: Data was available for 13,520 women attending antenatal care between July 2012 and September 2016. Screening for G6PD deficiency was done by fluorescent spot test routinely. G6PD genotyping and quantitative phenotyping by spectrophotometry were analyzed in a subsample of women. Hemoglobin variants were diagnosed by HPLC or capillary electrophoresis and molecular methods. Blood groups were diagnosed by agglutination test. The prevalence and distribution of inherited red blood cell disorders and blood groups was analyzed with respect to ethnicity. Results: G6PD deficiency was common, especially in the Sgaw Karen ethnic group, in whom the G6PD Mahidol variant allele frequency was 20.7%. Quantitative G6PD phenotyping showed that 60.5% of heterozygote women have an intermediate enzymatic activity between 30% and 70% of the population median. HbE, beta-thalassemia trait and alpha-thalassemia trait were found in 31.2% of women. Only 0.15% of women were Rhesus negative. Conclusions: Distribution of G6PD and hemoglobin variants varied among the different ethnic groups, but the prevalence was generally high throughout the cohort. These findings encourage the implementation of an extended program of information and genetic counseling to women of reproductive age and will help inform future studies and current clinical management of anemia in the pregnant population in this region.
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Iftikhar, Imran, Hamid Sharif Khan, and Adeel Ur Rehman. "Acute Myocardial Infarction and its association with ABO blood group in Pakistani population." Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College 24, no. 2 (June 23, 2020): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v24i2.1402.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of ABO blood groups among patients with acute myocardial infarction in the Pakistani population
STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study
PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY : Department of Interventional Cardiology, Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi, from May 2015 to November 2015.
METHODOLOGY: A total of 250 subjects with acute myocardial infarction were included in the study. The study was explained to the patients and informed consent taken. All patients underwent 12 lead electrocardiography using Mortara instrument ELI 250 and were analyzed by a single trained reader unaware of the patients’ blood group. Cardiac troponin levels were assessed at least three hours after the onset of symptoms. The ABO blood group was assessed by using the standard slide agglutination method in the hospital pathology laboratory and verified by the principal investigator. The data was collected on a pre-tested questionnaire by the investigator after taking informed consent from the patient.
RESULTS: In our study, the mean age of patients was 57.3 years. 36.4% were between 18-50 years of age while 63.6%were between 51-80 years of age. 79.2% were male and 20.8% were females. Frequency of ABO blood groups among patients with acute myocardial infarction in our study population was recorded as 28.8% with O +ve , 26% with B+ve, 18.4% with A+ve, 13.2% with AB +ve, 5.6% with A-ve, 4.4% with B-ve, 3.2% with O-ve and 0.4% with AB -ve
CONCLUSION: We concluded that the frequency of acute myocardial infarction in our population is higher among patients having blood group O+ve followed by B+ve blood group.
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Das, Priyanka, Pranabesh Sarkar, Diptendu Chatterjee, and Arup Ratan Bandyopadhyay. "Genetic Variation and Population structure: A study on four populations of Tripura, North East India." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v9i3.19492.
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Back Ground: Genetic polymorphisms of ABO and RhD blood group and Haptoglobin (HP) types have already been widely used to understand variation and population structure. The present study attempted to understand the variation and population structure on the basis of ABO and RhD blood group polymorphisms and Haptoglobin (HP) as serum protein polymorphism of four Tibeto-Burman speaker groups considered as aboriginal tribes of Tripura. Genetic studies on populations in north-east Indian have been performed less frequently than in the other parts of India, in spite of diversity among these populations. Aims and Objective: Best of the knowledge the present study is the first attempt on the variation and population genetic structure concerning the ABO, RhD and HP polymorphism of the four endogamous populations – Tripuri, Hrangkhawl, Rupini and Kolui tribal population of Tripura.Materials and Methods: Present study consisted of four hundred (400) participants 100 each from above mentioned population groups. ABO and RhD blood groups were done by antigen-antisera agglutination test and HP types were ascertained by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) following standard techniques. Allele frequencies and Fst were calculated by using standard method.Results: Examination on ABO blood group revealed higher O allele among the two groups Tripuri and Hrangkhawl followed by A and B alleles. Among the other two groups, Rupini and Kolui, revealed higher A allele and B allele respectively. Higher D allele frequency in the RHD Blood group system has been found for each of the population group. On the other hand, Serum protein marker - HP types demonstrated higher HP*2 allele frequency than HP*1 alleles. Calculated very low Fst value (0.02-0.08) of three polymorphic markers (ABO, RhD and HP) were suggestive for low differentiation among these groups, indicating less admixture and prevailing endogamous nature of these population.Conclusion: Very low Fst values of three polymorphic markers were suggestive for low differentiation among these groups, indicating least admixture and prevailing endogamous nature of these population. The overall genetic difference revealed highest distance between Tripuri and Hrangkhwal and least distance between Rupini and Kolui.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(3) 2018 46-49
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Oğrak, Yusuf Ziya, Nevin Tuzcu, and Besim Ercan Ocak. "İyi Yetiştiricilik Uygulamalarının Kangal Akkaraman Irkı Koyunlarda Brusellozis Görülme Oranlarına Etkileri." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 2, no. 3 (April 7, 2014): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v2i3.150-153.112.
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The aim of the present study was to compare the incidence of brucellosis in groups of Kangal Akkaraman sheep flocks raised in farm conditions in Sivas province. The first and second groups of the sheep flocks were part of the 8 sub-projects which belong to The Project entitled “Nationwide Genetic Improvement of Small Ruminants in Farm Condition” continued for 7 and 1-3 years, respectively. The third group of the sheep flocks was not part of this nationwide project. The study material consisted of 1491 units of blood serum (n=278, 1166 and 47 for the first, second and third groups, respectively). Brucella antibodies were looked for in blood serum using tube and slide agglutination tests. The incidences of brucellosis were 4% and 7.5% in flocks which were part of the nationwide project continued for 7 and 3 years, respectively and 25.5% for the flocks not part of the nationwide project. The differences between groups were found statistically significant. Even though there was no brucella vaccination programs in the flocks of the nationwide project, practices such as regular controls of the flocks by veterinary technicians, drug/vaccination applications for parasites and some other diseases, removal of rams positive for brucella before breeding season significantly reduced the incidence of brucella. As a result, promoting good breeding practices along with the brucella vaccination program applied by the related Ministry can be very beneficial for the eradication of brucella disease that is a big problem for the country.
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Kotelevets, Elena P., and Olga A. Maksimova. "Analysis of dynamics of intensity of community immunity to diphtheria in different age groups of vaccinated population of the ryazan region in 2015-2017." I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 27, no. 1 (April 2, 2019): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/pavlovj201927130-34.
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Aim. To study the level of anti-diphtheria antitoxic antibodies in blood serum of vaccinated individuals over the period of 2015-2017.
Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on the base of the Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Ryazan region. The evaluation of antitoxic immunity against diphtheria was performed on the basis of the results of annual serological examination of at least 100 samples of blood sera for the content of diphtheria antitoxin in each age indicator group. In the study reaction of passive hem agglutination was used with standardized erythrocyte diphtheria antigen. Blood serum samples of individuals of indicator groups of the population with a documented history of vaccination were investigated. On the basis of the results of serological monitoring, the analysis of the state of anti-diphtheria antitoxic immunity in children (3-4 years, n=300), teenagers (16-17 years, n=302) and adults (30-39 years, n=323; 40-49 years, n=305) of the Ryazan region in 2015-2017 was carried out.
Results. The level of protection among children, teenagers and adults in the studied period was 97.0 and 95.6%. The intensity of anti-diphtheria immunity was also high: 93.3-95.6% of the examined persons had medium and high antibody titers. Protective level of anti-diphtheria antibodies in 2015 was revealed in 97.3%, in 2016 in 93.3% and in 2017 in 98.3% of the examined samples.
Conclusion. Analysis of the results of serological monitoring showed a positive dynamics of growth of the number of seropositive individuals with intense anti-diphtheria immunity. The data of serological monitoring correspond to the official statistical data of Directorate of Rospotrebnadzor in the Ryazan region on the high level of coverage of the population with vaccination. According to previously published epidemiological studies, in such conditions the incidence of diphtheria in the population is sporadic.
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Castro, Maria Lourdes Barjas, Aline Crucello, Heloise P. Fernandes, Norma C. Sousa, Joyce M. Annichino-Bizzacchi, and Vagner Castro. "The Relationship between ABO Groups, Factor VIII, von Willebrand Factor Levels and Platelet Function Analysis Using Cone and Plate(let) Analyzer." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 4024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.4024.4024.
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Abstract ABO blood group has been described to influence levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF), as well as factor VIII. Individuals carrying O allele have significant lower plasma levels of these factors. Indeed, recently non-O individuals have been described to have increased risk for both, arterial and venous thrombotic disease. VWF mediate platelet interaction with areas of damage blood vessel wall. Thus, it could be interesting to evaluate the possible influence of the ABO group in this interaction, particularly in situations in which low levels of VWF are close to those found in VW disease (such in O group). Cone and plate(let) analyzer (CPA) represent a simple and fast method, that allow the evaluation of platelet function (adhesion as well aggregation) in whole blood under shear conditions, closer to physiological conditions. In this method, no platelet agonists are needed and interaction with fibrinogen and VWF is particularly evaluated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of ABO group in platelet function using CPA. Samples from 15 male blood donors with no history of drug intake, were submitted to ABO serology and molecular analysis, VWF:Ag, FVIII dosages, and CPA analysis using Impact-R (Diamed - Switzerland), according to manufacturer’s instructions. ABO phenotypes were determined by agglutination test using monoclonal and polyclonal anti-A, B and AB antibodies (Asem-NPBI, São Paulo Brazil; DiaMed SA, Suisse; DiaMed Latino América, Brazil). H antigen was determined using anti-H lectin from Ulex europaeus (DiaMed Latino América, Brazil). ABO genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of exons 6 and 7 of the ABO gene, followed by diagnostic restriction enzyme digestion. Factor VIII coagulant was measured by a one stage clothing method using a factor-VIII deficient substrate. VWF:Ag was measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using polyclonal antiserum (Dako, Denmark). Lyophilised commercial reference preparations of VWF:Ag, and FVIII, standardized against the World Health Organization standard, were used as the standards in this study. The age of the donors ranged from 27–65 years (median = 42 years). The donors were distributed according to ABO groups: 5 = OO; 5 = AB; 5 = AO. Median levels of factor VIII, according to blood group were: OO= 79% (70–142%); AO= 87% (80–140%); AB= 112% (98–200%). Median levels of VWF, according to blood group were: OO= 79% (50–99%); AO= 82% (73–120%); AB= 169% (92–250%). CPA analysis presented the following results: median AS in μm2 (average size) - OO= 24 (23–42); AO= 33 (24–42); AB= 23 (21–24) - median SC in % (surface coverage) - OO= 7.1 (4–13); AO= 8 (5–8); AB= 6.9 (4.8–8). No significant differences using Wilcoxon’s rank sum test were found among groups, when platelet function was analyzed. In conclusion, our results suggest that, although O allele carriers present lower levels of both factor VIII and VWF, the use of platelet function analysis does not seem to predict the risk for bleeding or thrombosis, according to individual ABO blood group.
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Okura, Miyuki, Naoko Ida, Saki Tanaka, and Takahiro Yamauchi. "Combination of Highly Sensitive C-Reactive Protein with R-ISS Is a Novel and Powerful Staging System in Multiple Myeloma." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-141200.
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Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by proliferation of abnormal plasma cells in bone marrow. Revised-International Staging System (R-ISS) is generally used as a predictor in newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) since 2015. R-ISS combines ISS with chromosomal abnormalities (CA) and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). R-ISS I is defined as ISS I without high risk CA and normal LDH, R-ISS III is defined as ISS III with high risk CA or high level LDH, and R-ISS II includes all of the other possible combinations. Therefore, about 60% of NDMM are classified to R-ISS II. However, MM is a highly heterogeneous disease, so the clinical outcome of MM with R-ISS II also must be heterogeneous. Therefore, factors stratifying the majority of MM is needed. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a commonly used inflammatory marker. In particular, highly sensitive (hs) CRP detects lower concentration of CRP as compared with the conventional method, and has been reported to be associated with mortality of lung, breast, and renal cell cancers. In this study, we evaluated the predicting potential of hs-CRP in MM in the novel agent era to see if hs-CRP can develop the stratifying power of R-ISS. Materials and Methods: The retrospective study examined 80 patients with symptomatic NDMM who had been diagnosed at our institution between April 2006 and September 2019. Patients with infection and/or amyloidosis were excluded. Linkable anonymizing data, including age, gender, immunoglobulin type, symptoms, R-ISS, hs-CRP at diagnosis, time to next treatment (TNT) of the initial treatment, and overall survival (OS) were collected. The concentration of hs-CRP was measured by quantitative latex agglutination turbidimetric immunoassay. The lower detection limit of hs-CRP is 0.01 mg/dL, while that of conventional CRP was 0.10 mg/dL. We analyzed these data using the Kaplan-Meier method, Fisher's exact, multivariate cox proportional hazard models, and log-rank test. P-values ≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. This retrospective study was approved by institutional review board in University of Fukui, Japan (No. 20190101). Results: Among 80 patients, 39 (48.8%) were male. Median age at diagnosis was 71 years (range: 36-89 years). IgG, IgA, and BJP types were 56.8%, 25.9%, and 17.3%, respectively. Median follow-up was 29 months (range: 1-120 months). All of the patients were treated with bortezomib and/or lenalidomide-based regimens throughout their clinical courses. R-ISS I, II, and III were 7.3%, 76.4%, and 16.4%, and median OS in patients with R-ISS I, II, and III were unreached, 67, and 15 months, respectively (p<0.0001). Median hs-CRP was 0.10 mg/dL (range: 0.01-8.86 mg/dL), and the patients were divided into 2 groups according to median hs-CRP, consisting of low hs-CRP group (≤0.1 mg/dL, n=42) and high hs-CRP groups (>0.1 mg/dL, n=38). No significant difference in gender, age, immunoglobulin type was observed between 2 groups according to Fisher's exact test. The levels of hs-CRP appeared to be associated with the presence of bone lesions, not hypercalcemia, renal dysfunction, and anemia. There was not significant correlation between hs-CRP and TNT of the initial treatment, due to the variation of the used regimens. However, Kaplan-Meier curves showed that low hs-CRP group had significantly better OS than high hs-CRP group (64 months vs. 54 months, p=0.0116). Multivariate analysis indicated that both R-ISS (hazard ration (HR), 6.19) and hs-CRP (HR, 7.03) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Moreover, comparing the patients with R-ISS II divided by median hs-CRP, OS was significantly longer in R-ISS II with low hs-CRP than R-ISS II with high hs-CRP (median OS: 81 months vs. 54 months, p=0.0009) (Figure 1). Similarly, in the patients with R-ISS III, OS tended to be longer in low hs-CRP group than high hs-CRP group (median OS: 21 months vs. 5.5 months). All the patients with R-ISS I survived within the follow-up period. Conclusions: Hs-CRP enabled to detect 0.01-0.1 mg/dL, that is not measured by the conventional CRP method. The superiority of hs-CRP contributes to the role as a powerful predictor in MM. The novel staging system that combines hs-CRP and R-ISS may establish better understanding of prognosis in NDMM. Disclosures Yamauchi: Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Otsuka: Research Funding; Chugai: Honoraria; Abbie: Research Funding; Solasia Pharma: Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Research Funding; Ono Pharmaceutical: Honoraria; Astellas: Research Funding.
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Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej, P., B. Tokarz-Deptuła, and W. Deptuła. "Lymphocytes T and B in rabbits infected with RHD virus." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 563–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjvs-2013-0077.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the differences in immunological response of animals infected with different antigenic variants of the virus - three haemagglutinating (Vt97, Triptis, Hartmannsdorf) and two non-haemagglutinating (Pv97, 9905 RHDVa). The specific immunological response was measured by the dynamics of changes in the amount of lymphocytes T (with CD5+, CD4+, CD8+, CD25+ receptor) and B (with CD19+ receptor). The study showed differences in immunogenicity of the analysed RHDV antigenic variants, which allowed them to be divided into groups of: more immunogenic strains, including non-haemagglutinating 9905 RHDVa and haemagglutinating Vt97 and Triptis variants; and less immunogenic strains, including the haemagglutinating Hartmannsdorf variant and the non-haemagglutinating Pv97 variant. Such a result may indicate that the agglutination capacity of red blood cells might not be a factor impacting the number of T and B lymphocytes.
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Симанова, Ирина, Irina Simanova, Вера Макарова, Vera Makarova, Оксана Бадеева, Oksana Badeeva, Марина Корюкина, et al. "Dynamic of antibodies in blood and colostrum of cows immunized with three-component viral and bacterial vaccine." Russian veterinary journal 2018, no. 6 (December 3, 2018): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32416/article_5c050ab7ca8b27.10355831.
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The article presents the results of testing the immune status of cows vaccinated with a three-component viral-bacterial vaccine. It was found that vaccine induces in deep-seated cows a high titers of serum antibodies to the bovine rotavirus and coronavirus, as well as adhesines of E. coli. Purpose. To study the dynamics of the formation of antibodies in the blood and colostrum of cows immunized with a three-component viral-bacterial vaccine. Materials and methods. Cows were immunized with a three-component viral-bacterial vaccine (approved on January 27, 2014) in a cattle-breeding farm in the Vologda Oblast, unfavorable for gastrointestinal infections. The obtained material was examined for the presence of antibodies to the rota- and coronavirus using the ELISA method, using the ANTI-TELA-RODIKOR-ELISA VIEV kit, anti-adhesive antibodies in colostrum were detected in the developed agglutination reaction. Results. The immune response to the introduction of the vaccine produced by FGBNU VIEV was detected in all animals, whereas in the serum of cows in the control groups it was significantly lower. In the colostrum of the first milk yield, the titers of antibodies to the rota and coronavirus were significantly higher compared with the control ones. All indicators indicate sufficient antigenic activity of the tested vaccine. Conclusion. Studies have shown that immunization of pregnant cows with a three-component viral-bacterial vaccine contributes to the development of antibodies to the components of the drug in sufficiently high titers, which will ensure a high level of colostral immunity in newborn calves.
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Javadinia, Shima, Mohsen Tabasi, Mehri Naghdalipour, Najmosadat Atefi, Ramin Asgarian, Jamil Kheirvari Khezerloo, and Azardokht Tabatabaei. "C - reactive protein of cerebrospinal fluid, as a sensitive approach for diagnosis of neonatal meningitis." African Health Sciences 19, no. 3 (November 4, 2019): 2372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i3.10.
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Background: Meningitis, is a potentially life-threatening condition that can rapidly progress to permanent brain damage, neurologic problems, and even death. Bacteria and viruses cause the great majority of meningitis disease in infants and children. CRP is used mainly as a marker of inflammation.Objective: This study was conducted to assess the diagnostic value of CSF-CRP levels for differentiating between septic (bacterial) and aseptic infantile meningitis.Methods: 49 hospitalized infants aged less than two months with suspected meningitis were enrolled in a cross-sectional analytic study. All of patients underwent lumbar puncture to obtain CSF. smears, cultures, cytological and biochemical analysis and latex agglutination testing were carried out on all CSF samples. Latex agglutination test was carried out on all CSF samples using a commercially available kit. CSF-CRP level of all infants was measured using the immunoturbidometric technique.Results: Of 49 infants in this study, 20 and 29 cases were diagnosed as septic and aseptic meningitis, respectively. The CRP levels were obtained as 0.95±0.68 mg/L in septic and 0.16±0.36 mg/L in aseptic meningitis groups and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001) between the two groups (0.79±0.32 mg/L). Based on the ROC curve, cut off levels for CRP was obtained 0.17 mg/L. At this level, there was 95% sensitivity and 86% specificity to differentiate septic and aseptic meningitis.Conclusion: CSF-CRP has suitable diagnostic value in distinguishing between infantile bacterial from aseptic meningitis especially in cases of negative bacterial culture of the blood and spinal fluid.Keywords: C-reactive protein, cerebrospinal fluid, septic/aseptic meningitis, infant, diagnostic value.
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Parsons, SF, J. Jones, DJ Anstee, PA Judson, B. Gardner, E. Wiener, J. Poole, N. Illum, and SN Wickramasinghe. "A novel form of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia associated with deficiency of erythroid CD44 and a unique blood group phenotype [In(a-b- ), Co(a-b-)]." Blood 83, no. 3 (February 1, 1994): 860–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v83.3.860.860.
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Abstract We have used a panel of well-characterized monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to examine the blood cells of a patient with a novel form of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) characterized by intra- erythroblastic and intra-erythrocytic membranous inclusions. Twelve antibodies defining three nonoverlapping epitope groups on the extracellular domain of CD44 all failed to react with the red blood cells (RBCs) of the patient. A rabbit antibody to the cytoplasmic domain of CD44 from normal RBCs failed to react with the patient's RBC ghosts. In contrast, the patient's lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes showed apparently normal CD44 expression. Bone marrow preparations stained with CD44 antibodies and visualized with 125I antimouse Ig (F(ab')2) followed by autoradiography showed positive staining of lymphocytes and myeloid cells but not of most orthotolidine- positive erythroblasts. The patient's RBCs also gave weaker than normal reactions with MoAbs of anti-LWab specificity while MoAbs to glycophorins A, B, and C, Rh polypeptides, CD47, CD55, CD58, CD59, acetylcholinesterase, and Lutheran and Kell glycoproteins all gave normal reactions. Agglutination tests with human blood grouping sera demonstrated that the RBCs of the patient have the unique phenotype In(a-b-), Co(a-b-) and that they also lack the high incidence RBC antigen AnWj. The phenotype In(a-b-) would be expected because these antigens are known to be expressed on CD44. There is also some evidence associating the AnWj antigen with CD44. However, the CO blood group locus is on chromosome 7p whereas that for CD44 is on chromosome 11p. Quantitative binding assays using 125I-labeled Fab fragments of CD44 antibodies did not show any evidence for reduced levels of CD44 on RBCs from the parents of the patient or from her unaffected sister. The parents and sister had the common Colton blood group phenotype [Co(a+b- )]. Neither deficiency of CD44 nor absence of Colton antigens are general features of CDA because erythrocytes from patients with CDA I, CDA II, CDA III, and two other unclassified CDAs had normal expression of CD44 and normal Colton blood group phenotypes. Further analysis of the defect(s) present in the patient's erythroid cells may provide useful information regarding membrane assembly and the regulation of differentiation in normal erythroid cells.
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Parsons, SF, J. Jones, DJ Anstee, PA Judson, B. Gardner, E. Wiener, J. Poole, N. Illum, and SN Wickramasinghe. "A novel form of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia associated with deficiency of erythroid CD44 and a unique blood group phenotype [In(a-b- ), Co(a-b-)]." Blood 83, no. 3 (February 1, 1994): 860–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v83.3.860.bloodjournal833860.
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We have used a panel of well-characterized monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to examine the blood cells of a patient with a novel form of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) characterized by intra- erythroblastic and intra-erythrocytic membranous inclusions. Twelve antibodies defining three nonoverlapping epitope groups on the extracellular domain of CD44 all failed to react with the red blood cells (RBCs) of the patient. A rabbit antibody to the cytoplasmic domain of CD44 from normal RBCs failed to react with the patient's RBC ghosts. In contrast, the patient's lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes showed apparently normal CD44 expression. Bone marrow preparations stained with CD44 antibodies and visualized with 125I antimouse Ig (F(ab')2) followed by autoradiography showed positive staining of lymphocytes and myeloid cells but not of most orthotolidine- positive erythroblasts. The patient's RBCs also gave weaker than normal reactions with MoAbs of anti-LWab specificity while MoAbs to glycophorins A, B, and C, Rh polypeptides, CD47, CD55, CD58, CD59, acetylcholinesterase, and Lutheran and Kell glycoproteins all gave normal reactions. Agglutination tests with human blood grouping sera demonstrated that the RBCs of the patient have the unique phenotype In(a-b-), Co(a-b-) and that they also lack the high incidence RBC antigen AnWj. The phenotype In(a-b-) would be expected because these antigens are known to be expressed on CD44. There is also some evidence associating the AnWj antigen with CD44. However, the CO blood group locus is on chromosome 7p whereas that for CD44 is on chromosome 11p. Quantitative binding assays using 125I-labeled Fab fragments of CD44 antibodies did not show any evidence for reduced levels of CD44 on RBCs from the parents of the patient or from her unaffected sister. The parents and sister had the common Colton blood group phenotype [Co(a+b- )]. Neither deficiency of CD44 nor absence of Colton antigens are general features of CDA because erythrocytes from patients with CDA I, CDA II, CDA III, and two other unclassified CDAs had normal expression of CD44 and normal Colton blood group phenotypes. Further analysis of the defect(s) present in the patient's erythroid cells may provide useful information regarding membrane assembly and the regulation of differentiation in normal erythroid cells.
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Gylmiyarova, F. N., V. M. Radomskaya, O. A. Gusyakova, E. A. Ryskina, N. A. Kolotyeva, E. A. Shahnovich, N. S. Nefedova, et al. "Modeling role of pyruvate in the processes of protein-protein interaction." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 61, no. 1 (January 2015): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20156101132.
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Using the ABO antibody-antigen model the influence of natural metabolite pyruvate on the antibody interaction with of erythrocyte antigens, defining their group specificity has been investigated. Before agglutination reaction erythrocytes of A(II)-AB(IV) blood groups, monoclonal anti-A and anti-B antibodies were incubated with sodium pyruvate. Visualization of agglutinates was performed by means of flow cytometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Computer-aided prediction of the spectrum of biological activity of pyruvate by a PASS program proposed major regulatory pathways, in which pyruvate may be involved. It has been demonstrated that pyruvate can regulate the intensity of antigen-antibody interaction. These results suggest the possibility of using small molecules, for example pyruvate, as molecular probes and prospects of the use of erythrocytes with antigenic determinants of the ABO system expressed on their membranes for studies of protein-protein interactions due to convenient visualization and possibility of quantitative evaluation of this process.
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Hill, Quentin A., Rajeshwari Punekar, Jaime Morales Arias, Catherine M. Broome, and Jun Su. "Mortality Among Patients with Cold Agglutinin Disease in the United States: An Electronic Health Record (EHR)-Based Analysis." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 4790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-122140.
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Introduction Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). It is characterized by both IgM-mediated agglutination of erythrocytes and hemolysis mediated by activation of the classical complement pathway. Recent studies have shown an increased risk of thromboembolic events (TE) in CAD patients. In addition, a recent analysis using the Danish National Patient Registry demonstrated a significant increase in mortality for CAD patients compared with matched individuals from the general population in Denmark (Bylsma et al, HemaSphere, 2018). Mortality among CAD patients has not been assessed in a US population. This study evaluated mortality risk in the largest cohort of CAD patients in the US. Methods Patients were retrospectively identified from the Optum® de-identified EHR dataset. Between January 2007 and September 2018 (study period), patients with ≥1 AIHA-related medical encounter and ≥3 mentions from physician notes of CAD-related terms ("cold agglutinin disease," "cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia," or "cold agglutinin hemoglobinuria") were included in the CAD cohort ("case"). For this cohort, the first mention of CAD terms was set as the index date. Patients without an AIHA-related medical encounter were included in the non-CAD cohort ("control"). For the control cohort, the index date was assigned based on the average occurrence of index date in the CAD population for the duration in the EHR database. For both cohorts, the baseline period was defined as the interval from the start of the medical activity in the EHR database or study period (whichever occurs later) to the index date, and the follow-up period was defined as the interval from the index date to the end of the study period, the end of medical activity, or death (whichever occurs earlier). The case and control cohorts were matched by age, gender, race, region, index year, and follow-up period using 1:5 nearest neighbor matching. Both cohorts were stratified according to the presence or absence of ≥1 TE during the study period. Mortality rate per 100,000 patients was calculated as the number of patients who died in each cohort divided by the number of patients in each cohort, from 2007 to 2018, multiplied by 100,000. Mortality rate was compared between matched cohorts using a Poisson test. An independent t-test was used to compare age at death between matched CAD and control groups; and time to death (starting from the index date) was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and compared between matched cohorts using log-rank P test. Results In total, 651 CAD patients and 3,255 matched non-CAD controls were identified. Of these, 35% (n=228) of CAD patients and 20% (n=641) of non-CAD patients experienced ≥1 TE (P<0.001). Median age at index date for both cohorts was 72 years. Most patients were female (CAD 64%; non-CAD 65%) and Caucasian (CAD 85%; non-CAD 85%). Median follow-up duration was 42 months for the CAD cohort and 51 months for the control cohort. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) Elixhauser Comorbidity Index Score was 8.0 (4.9) for CAD patients and 4.5 (4.1) for matched controls. The overall mortality rate was significantly higher for the CAD cohort than the matched-control cohort (CAD: 17,512 vs non-CAD: 11,306; P<0.001). For patients that experienced ≥1 TE during the study period, the mortality rate in the CAD cohort was 23,684 compared with 15,913 in the matched-control cohort (P<0.001; Table 1). During the study period, 114 CAD patients and 368 matched non-CAD patients died. The mean (SD) age at death in the CAD cohort (77 [12] years) was lower compared with the matched controls (82 [8] years; P<0.001). For patients with ≥1 TE, mean (SD) age at death was 77 (13) years vs 82 (7) years for the CAD and control cohorts, respectively (P<0.001; Table 1). A Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a significantly decreased survival probability among CAD patients compared with matched controls (P<0.001; Figure 1). In addition, CAD patients with ≥1 TE also had a significant decrease in survival when compared with matched controls with ≥1 TE (P<0.001). Conclusions CAD patients in the US have an increased mortality risk compared with a matched non-CAD population. The associated increased TE risk observed among CAD patients may be a contributing factor to this mortality. Further studies are needed to better define this association and elucidate other potential contributors to mortality in these patients. Disclosures Hill: Apellis: Honoraria; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Bioverativ, a Sanofi company: Honoraria; Alexion: Research Funding. Punekar:Sanofi: Employment, Equity Ownership. Morales Arias:Sanofi: Employment, Equity Ownership. Broome:Cellphire: Research Funding; Alexion: Honoraria, Research Funding; Sanofi Genzyme: Honoraria, Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Rigel: Research Funding. Su:Sanofi Genzyme: Employment, Equity Ownership.
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Su, Jun, Rajeshwari Punekar, Jaime Morales Arias, and Nisha Jain. "Cold Agglutinin Disease Transfusion Practices in the United States: An Electronic Medical Record-Based Analysis." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 3690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-122209.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) accounting for 20% of all cases, with no approved therapies and limited management options for patients. CAD is characterized by immunoglobulin M-mediated erythrocyte agglutination, which triggers activation of the classical complement pathway leading to hemolysis and subsequent anemia. Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are used as a supportive treatment in CAD to temporarily alleviate anemia, although the transfusion practices are variable among providers treating patients with CAD. Recent RBC transfusion guidelines from the AABB (formerly the American Association of Blood Banks) recommend that transfusions be administered with a restrictive threshold in most clinical scenarios (ie, transfusion is not indicated until hemoglobin [Hb] reaches 7-8 g/dL and/or patients exhibit anemia-related symptoms) to avoid associated complications such as acute reactions, alloantibody development, and hemochromatosis (Carson et al, JAMA, 2016; Carson et al, N Engl J Med, 2017). Because of the dearth of information available regarding trends in RBC transfusion practices among US hematologists, the objective of this longitudinal, retrospective, observational assessment of an electronic medical record database was to evaluate transfusion practices applied to patients with CAD in the US. Methods Patients were retrospectively identified from Optum® de-identified Electronic Health Record (EHR) dataset. Adult patients with ≥1 AIHA-related medical encounter between January 2007 and September 2018 (study period) and ≥3 mentions of CAD-related terms from physician notes ("cold agglutinin disease," "cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia," or "cold agglutinin hemoglobinuria") were included (Broome et al, Blood, 2017). The index date for each patient was the date of first mention of CAD during the study period. The baseline period was defined as the interval from the start of medical activity in the EHR database or study period (whichever occurred later) to the index date, and the follow-up period was defined as the interval from the index date to the end of the study period, end of medical activity, or death (whichever occurred earlier). The study sample was categorized into 2 study groups, the transfusion group (patients with CAD with ≥1 RBC transfusion after the index date) and the non-transfusion group (patients with CAD without any transfusions during the study period). Patients were further grouped based on the following Hb levels (g/dL): <8, ≥8 to ≤10, and >10 to ≤12. The closest Hb level prior to the most recent transfusion (within the prior 15 days and the lowest level) was used for the transfusion group and the lowest Hb level during the study period was used for the non-transfusion group. Descriptive statistics included mean, standard deviation, and median values for continuous variables and frequency (n and percent) for categorical variables. No adjustment was made for this descriptive analysis. Results A total of 903 patients with CAD were identified from the Optum EHR database; most patients were white (n=760 [84%]) and female (n=560 [62%]). Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of each group can be found in the Table. Of the patients with CAD, 548 (61%) did not receive transfusions and 355 (39%) received ≥1 RBC transfusion. Among patients with CAD who received transfusions, 84% (n=297) had ≥2 RBC transfusions. Out of the 903 patients with CAD, 864 had Hb levels reported and 752 had Hb levels ≤12 g/dL. Forty-four percent (n=329/752) of those CAD patients received ≥1 RBC transfusion. When separated by Hb levels, 18% of patients with Hb >10 to ≤12 g/dL (n=19/108); 41% (n=88/216) of patients with Hb ≥8 to ≤10 g/dL; and 52% (n=222/428) of patients with Hb <8 g/dL received ≥1 RBC transfusion. Of the 423 (56%) patients with CAD and Hb levels ≤12 g/dL who did not receive RBC transfusions, 21% (n=89/423) had Hb levels >10 to ≤12 g/dL; 30% (n=128/423) had Hb levels ≥8 to ≤10 g/dL; and 49% (n=206/423) had Hb levels <8 g/dL. Conclusions Overall, patients with CAD are not a heavily transfused population. Even in those with a significantly decreased Hb (<8 g/dL), approximately half of them (49%) did not receive RBC transfusions. This suggests that the use of transfusions in patients with CAD may not reflect disease severity. Further prospective studies are needed to fully understand the impact of transfusions on patients with CAD. Disclosures Su: Sanofi Genzyme: Employment, Equity Ownership. Punekar:Sanofi: Employment, Equity Ownership. Morales Arias:Sanofi: Employment, Equity Ownership. Jain:Sanofi Genzyme: Employment, Equity Ownership.