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1
Olsson, Martin L. "Molecular genetic studies of the blood group ABO locus in man." Lund : Dept. of Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38985966.html.
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Altayar, Malik Abdullah. "Next generation sequencing-based genotyping of human blood groups : FY, JK and ABO genes." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/9325.
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Serological discrepancies in matching blood group antigens between donors and patients for blood transfusion may lead to alloimmunisation, especially in multiply transfused patients. Blood group genotyping (BGG) has contributed in reducing this issue. ABO, Fy and Jk antigens are among those to be causative for alloimmunisation through transfusion or pregnancy. The number of alleles of these clinically significant blood groups is ever increasing. Currently, all commercially available high-throughput BGG platforms are only based on pre-defined polymorphisms. Consequently, novel or rare alleles that might have clinical significance are not identified. Next generation sequencing (NGS) circumvents this issue by providing high-throughput comprehensive genotyping of blood group genes in discovery mode to find all existing and novel mutations. Accordingly, a large number of individuals can be genotyped in a single run. Here, we describe an NGS-based method coupled with long-range polymerase chain reaction (LR-PCR) for high-throughput, rapid and extensive genotyping of FY, JK and ABO blood group genes. The Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGMTM) was used for sequencing the entire FY, JK and ABO blood group genes including flanking regions. Accordingly, high resolution genotyping was obtained. 53 genomic DNA samples were sequenced and genotyped for FY, 67 for JK and 47 for ABO. Sequencing data were aligned to the gene reference sequence derived from the human genome (hg19) to analyse variants. Analysis was accomplished by software packages, such as Ion Torrent SuiteTM plugins. Sanger sequencing of cDNA and cDNA clones was used to confirm findings in the JK gene. The sequencing data had a coverage depth of more than 5000x for FY, 700x for JK and 600x for ABO. NGS data matched with the serological phenotypes of FY alleles FY*A, FY*B and FY*02 Null main polymorphisms, such as FY*A/FY*B (125G > A) in exon 2 and (-67 T > C) in the promotor region. JK variant analysis revealed that the JK*01W.01 allele (130G > A) is common (10/67 samples) with normal antigenicity. The previously described silencing polymorphism (810G > A), leading to a purported JK*B null allele, restores a splice site and does not correlate with loss of Jkb antigenicity (10/67 samples). JK intron analysis revealed several new JK alleles described in this thesis. All 7 exons, introns and the flanking regions of the ABO gene were covered by only four amplicons. Several rare O alleles were found, such as O73 and O75, while one suggested novel O allele was characterised by a missense SNP 482G > A (Arg161His) in exon 7. The ABO reference sequence from hg19 appeared to resemble (O01 and O02) alleles. The intronic SNPs might be used to distinguish between alleles more accurately as a correlation of the intronic SNPs with the alleles was noted for the homozygous O alleles. It is predicted that NGS-based genotyping will replace not only microarray-based genotyping but also serology in the blood group typing of individuals, with great advancements in technology and molecular knowledge being expected in the near future.
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Nilsson, Stinabritt. "Synthesis of blood-group and tumour-associated oligosaccaharides and a bacterial polysaccharide fragment." Lund : Organic Chemistry 2, Lund Institute of Technology, University of Lund, 1992. http://books.google.com/books?id=U-dqAAAAMAAJ.
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Du, Toit Masha. "Investigating the efficacy of XML and stylesheets to render electronic courseware for multiple learning styles." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6393.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-90)The objective of this project was to test the efficacy of using Extensible Markup Language (XML) - in particular the DocBook 5.0b5 schema - and Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) to render electronic courseware that can be dynamically re-formatted according to a student's individual learning style. The text of a typical lesson was marked up in XML according to the DocBook schema, and several XSLT stylesheets were created to transform the XML document into different versions, each according to particular learning needs. These learning needs were drawn from the Felder-Silverman learning style model. The notes had links to trigger JavaScript functions that allowed the student to reformat the notes to produce different views of the lesson.
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Varzi, Ali Mohammad. "Development and applications of molecular technologies for blood group genotyping." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=165837.
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Haemagglutination is the recognised serologic technique for common (ABO & Rh) blood group antigen phenotyping with limitations; typing multi-transfused patients and non-invasive foetal blood group determination. Molecular technological advances in characterising the 30 blood group systems have also generated PCR based direct genotyping techniques. Their utility in routine blood banking practice is a rapidly evolving field. The study aims were (1) to establish PCR-SSP assays for KEL, FY and JK blood group genotyping, (2) to evaluate HEA BeadChipTM technology for SNPs detection of RHCc, RHEe, CO, DI, DO, FY, JK, KEL, LU, LW, MNS and SC and haemoglobinopathy S, against serology considering reproducibility, reliability, sensitivity and labour saving potential (3) to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of TaqMan Real-Time PCR for NIPD of foetal RHD7, RHC, RHc, RHE and SRY status and (4) to establish Real-Time PCR assays and MGB TaqMan probes for 8 sets of gender-independent “Bi-allelic” Short Insertion/Deletion Polymorphisms (SIDPs) as internal assay controls confirming the presence of cell-free foetal DNA (cffDNA). The PCR-SSP results for KEL, FY and JK typing results showed complete concordance with serology for all samples except 1×JKa and 7×Fyb; discrepancies resolved by subsequent DNA sequencing. The HEA BeadChipTM microarray validation on gDNA (n=224) and 22 saliva samples, giving overall allele detection (ADR) and concordance rates (CoR) of >99.8% for the 24 alleles. The Fyx allele (Fyb/Fyx: 265C>T) frequency in Scottish donors (5.4%) was much higher than expected. Saliva-derived gDNA was less sensitive than buffy coat-derived gDNA; ADR 89.9% and 100% respectively. NIPD foetal blood group genotyping by Real-Time PCR of 51 alloimmunised pregnancies (n=104 samples, 12 to ≥40 weeks) with was 100% accurate for RHD7, RHC and RHE assays; 95.7% for RHc and 99% for SRY. The utility of Real-Time TaqMan assays for 8 selected SIDPs as paternal (foetal) markers, were assessed using gDNA, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from 61 donors and 6 extended families and finally with cffDNA from 13 pregnancies. Based on these research findings, many of the molecular assays are now established in Aberdeen.
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Bianco-Miotto, Tina. "Loss of ABO antigens in haematological malignancies." Adelaide, S.A, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb578.pdf.
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"May 2002" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 229-251) Describes the investigation of the alteration of ABH antigen expression on the surface of red blood cells in patients with haematological malignancies.
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Sommerville, W. "An evaluation of human erythrocyte sulphydryl groups." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382552.
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Nardan, Denise. "Acid hydrolysis of neutral glycosphingolipids thesis submitted in fulfillment of the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy, Auckland University of Technology, June 2007 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://repositoryaut.lconz.ac.nz/theses/1389/.
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Orono, Lisa Lorraine. "Novel sensor for rapid detection of blood cell types magnetostrictive microcantilevers /." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/master's/ORONA_LISA_41.pdf.
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Sheehan, C. P. "The application of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to ABH grouping in forensic science." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381661.
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Bianchi, Juliana Vieira dos Santos. "Genotipagem de grupos sanguíneos por meio de microarranjos líquidos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/99/99131/tde-19042016-145530/.
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Os sistemas de grupos sanguíneos eritrocitários e plaquetários têm grande importância na medicina transfusional. Os serviços de hemoterapia têm investido cada vez mais em protocolos profiláticos à aloimunização contra antígenos eritrocitários, sendo o surgimento das plataformas de genotipagem em larga escala um avanço muito importante nesse âmbito. Este estudo tem por objetivo a padronização e a validação da plataforma OpenArray, por meio da técnica de microarranjos líquidos para genotipagem de antígenos eritrocitários e plaquetários em larga escala para futura implementação na rotina de doadores de sangue. Tal genotipagem permitirá a análise da frequência genotípica encontrada nos doadores de sangue da Fundação Pró-sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo. Métodos: Foram analisadas 400 amostras de sangue total coletadas de doadores de sangue entre outubro e novembro de 2011. A genotipagem dos polimorfismos de troca de um nucleotídeo (Single nucleotide polymorphism - SNPs) que codifica os principais antígenos eritrocitários e plaquetários de relevância transfusional foi realizada utilizando a tecnologia OpenArray para as 400 amostras. Dessas, 242 também foram analisadas pela plataforma de genotipagem BLOODchip, em larga escala. Procedeu-se à comparação entre as técnicas em termos de acurácia, reprodutibilidade, número de resultados incorretos, número de resultados não amplificados ou indeterminados, possibilidade de customização dos ensaios, tempo total de duração da reação e número de amostras processadas por bateria. Foi também calculada a frequência genotípica dos SNPs e feita a comparação com dados prévios de literatura. Resultados e discussão: as amostras que foram testadas em ambas as plataformas apresentaram acurácia de 99,9% pela técnica OpenArray e 100% pela técnica BLOODchip, sendo os resultados discrepantes analisados por sequenciamento direto (técnica Sanger), confirmando os resultados obtidos pela genotipagem realizada no BLOODchip. Além disso, a técnica OpenArray apresentou maior número de resultados não amplificados ou indeterminados (no call), o que representa uma grande desvantagem do método, em decorrência da perda de insumos. Entretanto, a técnica OpenArray apresentou outras vantagens em relação ao BLOODchip, como a possibilidade de customização do ensaio, menor tempo para processamento das amostras, considerando a possibilidade de automatização total do processo e número de amostras testadas por bateria superior ao método comparativo. Os resultados da frequência alélica e genotípica dos polimorfismos analisados pelo método OpenArray foram comparados com as frequências encontradas na literatura, observando-se prevalência de doadores com perfil genotípico mais próximo da população caucasoide, porém, com a presença de alelos encontrados na população negra. Entretanto, esse perfil genotípico dos doadores predispõe à aloimunização de doentes falciformes, com perfil fenotípico negroide, reiterando a necessidade de transfusões com fenótipo compatível como profilaxia à aloimunização.The erythrocyte and platelets blood groups are extremely important for transfusional medicine. Hemotherapy services have increasingly invested in prophylactic protocols for alloimmunization against erythrocyte antigens and the emergence of high-throuput genotyping platforms are a very prominent advance in this area. The aim of this study was to validate and to standardize the OpenArray platform, which is based on the microarray technolgy for the erythrocyte antigens genotyping on large scale, to further implementation in blood bank routine. This tecnique also allowed to asses the genotype frequencies in blood donors from Fundação Pró-sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo. Method: We examined 400 blood donor samples collected from October to November 2011. The SNPs were detected using OpenArray technology. From the 400 blood samples, 272 were also tested using BLOODchip platform, to compare the results between both tecniques and evaluate the accuracy, reproducibility, number of incorrect results, failed samples, possibility of assays customization, duration of procedures, and number of samples that can be processed per batch. The genotype frequency of SNPs was also assesed and the findings were compared to previous studies. Results and Discussion: the OpenArray method showed accuracy of 99.9% and the BLOODchip of 100%. The inconsistent results were confirmed by Sanger Sequencing which showed that BLOODchip analysis was accurate. Besides, the OpenArray method showed a higher number of non-amplification or failed results (no call), which may be a major disavantage, due to reagent loss. However, the OpenArray platform showed other advantages when compared to BLOODchip such as the possibility of assay customization and full automation of the process, it was less time-consuming and allowed a higher number of samples per batch. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of each SNP tested in the blood donor population were calculated by the OpenArray method and the results were compared to reports from previous studies. We observed a prevalence of genotypic profiles closest to the Caucasian population, however, there was the presence of alleles found in the black population as well. This genotypic profile donors predispose to alloimmunization of sickle cell patients, with negroid phenotypic profile, reiterating the need for compatible phenotype transfusions and prophylaxis to alloimmunization.
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Motswaledi, Modisa Sekhamo. "The role of blood groups in preventing or enhancing HIV infection in Botswana." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2813.
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Thesis (DPhil (Biomedical Science))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019.Knowledge of population vulnerabilities to infectious diseases is key in managing many public health problems and for mapping appropriate strategies for prevention or intervention. A number of genes associated with resistance to HIV infection, such as the double deletion of 32 base pairs in the CCR5 gene , have been described and potentially account for lower HIV infections in some populations. The magnitude of the HIV pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa warrants an investigation of the peculiar genetic factors that may have exacerbated its spread. An understanding of the genetic factors that are involved may aid in the development of specific strategies for prevention such as vaccine development, genetic counselling as well as gene therapy. The aim of this project was therefore to study the relationship between blood groups and HIV-infection in Botswana. HIV infection in Africa has not been linked to particular blood groups. The project was undertaken in two phases from December 2012 to December 2017. In the first phase, 346 subjects of known HIV status (negative or positive) were phenotyped for 23 erythrocyte antigens via standard scientific procedures. A Chi-square analysis was used to determine those antigens associated with increased or reduced risk of HIV infection. In the second phase, 120 samples were phenotyped for the protective blood group (RhC) and the risk-associated groups (Lub and P1). The samples were also characterized according to their laboratory results for viral load, lymphocyte sub-populations, complete blood count and blood chemistry, including total cholesterol. Some of the samples were also assessed for erythrocyte-associated viral RNA. Generally, the prevalence of the blood groups in the general population in Botswana did not differ with the known prevalence for Africans broadly. Three novel findings were established. First, the blood group Rh(C) was associated with a 40% risk reduction for HIV infection. Immunologically, carriage of the C antigen was associated with a more robust cell-mediated immunity as evidenced by enhanced cytotoxic T cell counts. Moreover, this antigen occurred with a frequency lower than 30% in all countries where HIV prevalence was high. There was therefore an inverse relationship between Rh(C) frequency and HIV prevalence. An examination of reports from previous studies revealed that the pattern was consistent in Africa, Europe, Asia, South America and Caribbean countries. It appears that the population frequency of this antigen explains, at least in part, a genetic factor that puts some African populations at higher risk for HIV infection. These results are novel in that Rh antigens have not been previously associated with immunity in any reports. Novel findings regarding the P1 blood group was its association with a double risk for HIV infection. While the plasma viral load did not differ between P1-positive and P1-negative subjects, P1-positive erythrocyte lysate yielded more viral RNA than P1-negative cells, implying more intracellular HIV RNA. Intra-erythrocytic viral RNA was detected even in patients with an undetectable plasma viral load. Glycosphingolipids, of which P1 is an example, have been documented to promote viral fusion to cells independent of CD4 receptors or other ligands. In at least one report, the presence of sphingolipids in lipid rafts was considered to be sufficient for viral fusion. The presence of viral RNA even in erythrocyte lysates corroborates this phenomenon and potentially explains the double risk of HIV infection observed. The occurrence of HIV RNA in erythrocyte lysate is a novel finding that suggests a new viral reservoir. Apparently, P1 has a high frequency among Africans and low in other races.
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Bangham, Jenny. "Blood groups and the rise of human genetics in mid-twentieth century Britain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265573.
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This dissertation reconstructs how blood groups were made into pre-eminent objects of human genetic research and powerful markers for producing human biological difference. By tracing the ways in which three British laboratories became international centres for blood-group genetic research, it also offers an expanded history of postwar human genetics. In early 1930s Britain a community of geneticists, including R.A. Fisher and B.S. Haldane, promoted blood groups as having the potential to give the study of human heredity 'a solidly objective foundation, under strict statistical control'. Fisher and colleagues at the Cambridge Galton Serum Unit- especially Robert Race and Arthur Mourant- implemented this vision, the dissertation shows, using the arrangements for large-scale blood transfusion set up early in the Second World War. In 1946, Mourant became director of the Blood Group Reference Laboratory and Race of the Blood Group Research Unit, both at London's Lister Institute. As well as standardising blood-grouping reagents and investigating serological problems for the World Health Organization, these laboratories collected, analysed and published vast quantities of genetic data, making the Lister the global centre for blood-group genetics. During this period, human genetics changed from a marginal research field to an established discipline, partly, the dissertation argues, as a result of this blood-group research. By the 1950s a third of all human genetics publications were on blood groups: as one of the few human traits with simple Mendelian inheritance, they formed the basis for linkage studies and association surveys, and underpinned innovation in theoretical population genetics. Against a backdrop of intense international discussion about the meaning and scope of race science, blood groups were also made into tools for a supposedly 'obj ective' and 'unprejudiced' anthropology. This first history of how blood groups became scientific objects follows their collection in Britain and overseas, the grouping of samples, their transformation into data, and their presentation as credible genetic knowledge. It also offers the first sustained analysis of the functions of genetic nomenclatures. I argue that mid-century human genetics was profoundly influenced by the questions and practices of physical anthropology, by clinical practice, and by international infrastructures for medical research.
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Fiddes, Jane L. Sutton Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Development of recombinant human monoclonal antibodies suitable for blood grouping using antibody engineering techniques." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40503.
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Transfusion medicine is an important part of modern health care and the provision of reliably phenotyped red blood cells (RBC) is essential for safe and effective blood transfusions. For identification of many RBC antigens, monoclonal antibodies of either murine or human origin are available for use in agglutination assays, in which they perform as well as or better than the human polyclonal antibody preparations which they have replaced. However, the detection of some blood groups is still reliant on the use of human polyclonal antisera, which is a less reliable reagent source with respect to availability, batch to batch variation and bio-safety. The use of recombinant antibody and phage display technology for the discovery of new monoclonal antibodies with specificity for some of these RBC antigens has the potential to deliver an economical, unlimited supply of specific antibody reagents suitable for use in RBC phenotyping. Samples of human B cells from donors producing useful phenotyping antibodies were identified and transformed using Epstein Barr virus into lymphocyte cell lines. Antibody genes were obtained from the cell lines in the form ofRNA which was reverse transcribed, amplified by PCR and cloned into a phagemid vector system to generate several combinatorial antibody libraries. These antibody libraries were displayed on the surface of phage particles and subjected to antigen-driven selection by several rounds of phage display biopanning using soluble and cell based RBC antigens. In addition a large naIve library was biopanned against the same antigens in an attempt to isolate a wide range of antibodies suitable for blood typing. Several high quality combinatorial antibody libraries with respect to size (> 107 clones) and diversity were generated. Biopanning of recombinant libraries resulted in enrichment of phage antibodies specific for RBC antigens, and several clones were isolated which were shown to be specific for Duffy a antigen. The isolated antibodies would be ideal candidates for re-engineering into multivalent antibody molecules capable of direct agglutination of RBC and as such, have the potential to replace human polyclonal sera in the identification of Duffy a RBC antigen phenotyping.
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Villanea, Fernando Alberto. "Evolution of the ABO blood group locus in pre-Columbian Native Americans." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/f_villanea_041210.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in anthropology)--Washington State University, May 2010.Title from PDF title page (viewed on May 11, 2010). "Department of Anthropology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-57).
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Zahirovic, Rezak, and Scott Ekman. "Circadian blood pressure within young adults in Viet Nam : An exploratory study comparing a normal blood pressure group and a prehypertension group." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-27797.
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Hypertension is a global disease that many effected people in developing countries is not aware of. Hypertension is linked with cardiovascular disease. Prehypertension is not a disease but if not correctly treated, it could develop into hypertension. The aim of the study was to investigate if there are any differences in circadian blood pressure between two study groups, one group with normal blood pressure and one group with prehypertension. This study was a explorative study and its design is based on measurements of blood pressure values and a questionnaire was used to help get the data collection. 51 students volunteered to have their blood pressure taken from them and out of these 51, 24 where selected into two groups of 12 each for the Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. hese 24 students would be a part of our study and an ambulatory (Schiller-102 plus) blood pressure monitor was used to collect the data. The prevalence of prehypertension findings in the clinical testing phase was 37% of the population. There was a variation between the groups during the day (systolic) but there was not a significant difference during the night.
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Torres-L{u00F3}pez, Beatriz Virginia. "Affinity purification of blood group A-active glycolipids on immobilized Helix pomatia lectin." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77851.
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Lectin affinity chromatography has proven to be a powerful method to separate oligosaccharides based on their stereochemical structures. This technique has not been used for the separation of glycolipids since mixtures of these compounds form micelles in aqueous solution. Since N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is commonly found in glycolipids, three GalNAc-specific lectins were selected to develop a lectin affinity chromatographic method for glycolipids. To circumvent the difficulty of working with micelles, the autoradiographic detection of ¹²⁵l-labeled lectins binding to glycolipids on thin-layer chromatograms was used to study the glycolipid-binding specificity of the lectins from Helix pomatia, Wisteria floribunda and Dolichos biflorus. All three lectins detected the Forssman glycolipid which has a terminal GalNAcα1-3 residue. The Helix pomatia and Wisteria floribunda lectins are also bound to glycolipids with GalNAcβ-linked residues. The interactions of these lectins with glycolipid derived, ³H-labeled oligosaccharides were also analyzed by affinity chromatography on agarose-immobilized lectins. Only the immobilized Helix pomatia lectin was able to specifically bind oligosaccharides with α-linked GalNAc residues.
The Helix pomatia lectin was selected to develop an affinity chromatography system for the purification of intact glycolipids having terminal GalNAcα1-3 residues. This technique relies on the ability of the immobilized lectin to bind its oligosaccharide ligands in aqueous solutions of tetrahydrofuran (THF) which inhibits micelle formation and permits the separation of non-specifically bound glycolipids. Forssman glycolipid and a human blood group A-active hexaosylceramide were bound to the Helix pomatia column equilibrated in water/THF (5:95). After applying a step gradient of increasing water content (to 50% water), the specifically bound glycolipids were eluted when GalANc was included in the mobile phase. Using these chromatographic conditions, the Forssman glycolipid from the neutral lipid fraction of sheep erythrocyte stroma and the A-active glycolipids from a total extract of type A human erythrocytes were purified in the Helix pomatia column.
The ability to purify human A-active glycolipids from total lipid extracts in a single chromatographic step with the Helix pomatia column was used to isolate A-active glycolipids present in erythrocytes from donors from a rare blood group B(A). The erythrocytes from B(A) subgroup of blood group B individuals, are weakly hemagglutinated by a murine monoclonal anti-A antibody although these erythrocytes should not express blood group A antigens. The Helix pomatia lectin was used to determine the presence and isolate A-active glycolipids from the neutral lipid fraction of erythrocytes from two blood group B(A) donors. However, A-active glycolipids were absent in the glycolipid extracts from erythrocytes from a third B(A) donor and plasma of all three B(A) donors as well as erythrocytes of blood group B and O donors.
Based on the fact that only glycolipids and oligosaccharides with GalNAcα1-3 residues specifically bind to the Helix pomatia column, this lectin column was used to isolate the 'terminal products' of the biosynthetic pathway of the human blood group A glycolipids and glycopeptides from the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A-431. The metabolically active A-431 cells were grown in the presence of ³H-labeled monosaccharide precursors and the Helix pomatia column was used to determine and compare the rate of incorporation of labeled precursors in the A-active glycoconjugates from these cells.Ph. D.
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El, Kenz Hanane. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la sécurité transfusionnelle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209215.
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L’objectif de notre travail est de contribuer à l’amélioration de la sécurité transfusionnelle. Pour ce faire, nous sommes partis de notre expérience personnelle en banque de sang hospitalière. Le risque infectieux lié aux transfusions, inscrit dans l’esprit de chacun depuis l’affaire du « scandale du SIDA » en France, est aujourd’hui un des risques les mieux maîtrisés. Actuellement, les risques transfusionnels les plus importants sont essentiellement de type immunologique ou liés à des erreurs humaines. Nous avons donc mis en évidence trois axes de travail correspondant chacun à un type de réaction transfusionnelle spécifique choisis parmi ces deux derniers risques. Les données d’hémovigilance internationales publiées nous ont confortés dans l’idée que ces trois sujets représentent une part importante des réactions transfusionnelles notifiées ces dix dernières années. Nous avons choisi de travailler sur la prévention des réactions transfusionnelles hémolytiques de type ABO, des réactions transfusionnelles hémolytiques chez les patients atteints d’anémie hémolytique auto-immune et des réactions d’hyperkaliémie post-transfusionnelle.Notre premier travail a consisté en la démonstration de la faisabilité d’une automatisation complète du contrôle ultime au lit du malade par vérification de la compatibilité entre le groupe ABO du patient et celui de la poche de sang à transfuser. Cet appareil utilise une nouvelle technique de détection d’hémagglutination entièrement conçue et validée au sein de notre laboratoire de recherche et brevetée par l’ULB.
La seconde partie du travail consiste en l’évaluation d’un nouvel algorithme de prise en charge transfusionnelle des patients atteints d’anémie hémolytique autoimmune en incluant la réalisation d’un génotypage érythrocytaire permettant ainsi, d’une part, d’éviter les réactions hémolytiques transfusionnelles et, d’autre part, d’éviter de nouvelles alloimmunisations chez ces patients.
Dans la dernière partie du travail, nous nous sommes intéressés aux effets des liquides de conservation des poches de sang sur le relargage de potassium à partir d’unités de globules rouges irradiées destinées aux patients immunodéprimés. Nous avons pu observer des différences entre les deux solutions de conservation que nous utilisons et nous avons pu ainsi émettre de nouvelles recommandations visant à prévenir ces hyperkaliémies transfusionnelles.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Prieto-Trejo, Pedro Antonio. "Monosialylgangliosides from human meconium: characterization using specific anti-oligosaccharide antibodies." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71269.
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Rabbit antisera directed against human milk sialyloligosaccharides were used to detect specific monosialylgangliosides from the lipid fraction of human meconium. Gangliosides of this fraction were detected after thin layer chromatography by immuno-staining with specific anti-oligosaccharide sera. The monosialylganglioside fraction of human meconium was subjected to ozonolysis and alkali-fragmentation and the resulting ganglioside-derived oligosaccharides were reduced with NaB [³H]₄ and partially separated using paper chromatography. The [³H]-oligosaccharide alditols were assayed for binding to specific anti-oligosaccharide sera in a direct-binding radioimmunoassay using nitrocellulose filters to collect immune-complexes. Radiolabeled oligosaccharide alditols which were recognized by specific antisera were affinity purified by eluting nitrocelIulose filters containing antibody-oligosaccharide complexes or using columns of immobilized anti-oligosaccharide antibodies. Structural analyses of two sialyl[³H]tetrasaccharide alditols obtained in this way were carried out with sequential enzymatic degradation using specific exoglycosidases. The products of enzymatic digestions were identified by cochromatography in paper with known standards. Data obtained from these experiments are consistent with the presence of the following, previously unidentified gangliosides in human meconium:
NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glc-cer
Galβ1-3[NeuAcα2-6]GlcNAcα1-3Galβ1-4Glc-cerPh. D.
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Emran, Jasmin. "Morbidity, treatment options, course of laboratory parameters and ABO blood groups in patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) /." Erlangen, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000253118.
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Maiga, Bakary. "Human candidate polymorphisms and malaria susceptibility in sympatric ethnic groups, The Fulani and The Dogon of Mali." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för molekylär biovetenskap, Wenner-Grens institut, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-99613.
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In malaria endemic regions, resistance to malaria constitutes a critical selective pressureon genetic polymorphisms that regulate immune defense and inflammatory pathways.Differences in malaria susceptibility between sympatric ethnic groups have been described inMali. The Fulani are less susceptible to malaria compared to the neighboring group the Dogon,in spite of similar socio-economic and environmental conditions. Paper I is focused on IL-4-590 T/C polymorphism and correlation with levels of malariaspecific IgG, IgG (1-4) subclasses as well as malaria specific and total IgE level in the two ethnicgroups. Our data show that the Fulani individual carrying the IL-4-590 T allele found to havehigher parasite carriage rate and had higher levels of malaria-specific IgG4 and IgE compared tothe individual carrying the C allele. No such differences were seen within the Dogon.Paper II investigated 166 SNPs in the human host in individuals belonging to the Fulani and theDogon ethnic groups. These SNPs were correlated with total IgG against AMA-1, MSP-1, MSP-2 and CSP antigens as well as total IgE level. All antibody levels were higher in the Fulanicompared to the Dogon and strengthens previous finding that antibodies might play a role in theprotection seen in the Fulani. We identified higher frequencies of the protective blood group O.Several allelic differences between the two ethnic groups were found in CD36, IL-4, RTN3 andADCY9. Moreover several polymorphisms in SLC22A4, IRF1, IL5, LTA and TNF have beenfound to be correlated with anti-MSP antibody level; TLR6, IL3, TNF, and IL22 found to becorrelated with anti-MSP-2 antibody level in the Fulani. Such association was not seen in theDogon. In Paper III, the same individuals, as in paper II, were investigated with a focus on the FcγRIIapolymorphism and correlation with levels of anti-AMA-1, MSP-1, MSP-2, CSP specificantibodies as well as total IgE level. The genotype distribution and allele frequency weresignificantly different between the Fulani and the Dogon with the Fulani being HH, H allele- andthe Dogon RR, R allele carriers. A correlation between the HH genotype and the H allele andprotection against mild malaria was seen in the Fulani but not in the DogonTaken together our study has found significant genetic differences between the Fulani and theDogon Ethnic groups, which suggest that ethnicity should be taken into account in monitoring ofimmunological studies and vaccines trials in malaria endemic areas.
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Marques, Cátia Filipa Saraiva. "Frequência do antigénio eritrocitário DEA 1.1 em canídeos e dos antigénios eritrocitários A, B e AB em felídeos de Lisboa, Portugal." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2176.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaO sistema sanguíneo AB dos felídeos, caracterizado por Auer e Bell, é considerado como o clinicamente mais relevante. O antigénio eritrocitário canino (DEA) 1.1 é o mais antigénico e consequentemente responsável pelas reacções transfusionais adversas mais severas. Este estudo teve como objectivo determinar a frequência dos antigénios eritrocitários do sistema sanguíneo AB e do DEA 1.1 na área da Grande Lisboa, em Portugal. As amostras foram obtidas no Hospital Escolar e no Banco de Sangue Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa e em algumas Clínicas Veterinárias. Foram testados 538 gatos e 54 cães. Os antigénios eritrocitários dos felídeos foram determinados pela prova de aglutinação clássica usando lectina de Triticum vulgaris (Sigma ref. L9640) ou pelo teste rápido DME VET A+B®. A presença/ausência do DEA 1.1 foi determinada pelo teste rápido DME DEA 1.1®. A frequência dos antigénios eritrocitários felinos A, B e AB foi de 97,40% (n=524), 2,23% (n=12) e 0,37% (n=2), respectivamente. Dos canídeos testados, 50,00% (n=27) eram DEA 1.1 positivo. Estes resultados enfatizam a importância da realização da tipificação sanguínea e da prova de compatibilidade eritrocitária para minimizar a ocorrência de reacções transfusionais adversas.
ABSTRACT - FREQUENCY OF THE CANINE ERYTHROCYTE ANTIGEN 1.1 AND OF THE FELINE ERYTHROCYTE ANTIGENS A, B AND AB IN LISBON, PORTUGAL - The feline AB blood group system, characterized by Auer and Bell, is considered the clinically most relevant system. The dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1.1 is the most antigenic and therefore responsible for the severest transfusion adverse reactions. This study was undertaken to determine the frequency of the erythrocyte antigens of the AB blood group system and the DEA 1.1 in the Lisbon area of Portugal. Samples were obtained at the Teaching Hospital and Veterinary Blood Bank of the Veterinary Medicine Faculty of the Technical University of Lisbon, and at several Veterinary Clinics. 538 cats and 54 dogs were tested. The feline erythrocyte antigens were determined by the classical agglutination assay using lectin from Triticum vulgaris (Sigma ref. L9640) or by the DME VET A+B® quick test. The presence/absence of DEA 1.1 was determined by the DME DEA 1.1® quick test. The frequency of feline erythrocyte antigens A, B and AB was 97,40% (n=524), 2,23% (n=12) and 0,37% (n=2), respectively. Of the dogs tested 50,00% (n=27) were DEA 1.1 positive. These results emphasize the importance of blood typing and blood crossmatching to minimize the occurrence of transfusion adverse reactions.
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Bortolotto, Adriana Najai Stein. "PREVALÊNCIA E FENOTIPAGEM ERITROCITÁRIA EM DOADORES DE SANGUE NO HEMOCENTRO REGIONAL DE SANTA MARIA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5957.
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The knowledge of the variability of antigens of blood groups is essential in the transfusional practice, mainly to avoid grave alloimmunizations. This study had as objective to evaluate the prevalence of the phenotypes from the blood donors from Santa Maria´s Blood Center. These donors were evaluated for the mainly antigens of ABO, Rh and Kell systems. About the phenotyped samples with Rh system, 1274 samples (54.18%) were phenotyped as positives Rh and 1077 samples (45.82%) phenotyped as negative Rh. From the phenotyped donors as negatives Rh, 103 samples (9.5%) were positives for the ―C‖ or ―E‖ antigen. Relating the percentage of the Kell system positive in donors with negative Rh, was gotten 8.3%. We concluded that the negative Rh donor must be analyzed for other antigens of Rh system and for the Kell antigen, exactly being less immunogenics, these antigens are able to cause Grave Hemolytic Disease and Alloimmunizations. The D antigen Phenotypic expression may vary due to changes qualitative/quantitative: weak D, partial D. This study analyzed a sample of donors by genotyping to identify the most common D variants in this region was found (44%) weak D, (3%) and partial D. Strengthens thus the importance of established protocols for use of rare blood and ensure the proper use of blood products, as well as the safety of blood transfusion.O conhecimento da variabilidade dos antígenos de grupos sanguíneos é essencial na prática transfusional, principalmente para evitar aloimunizações graves. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência dos fenótipos dos doadores de sangue do Hemocentro de Santa Maria, os quais foram avaliados para os principais antígenos dos sistemas ABO, Rh e Kell. Das amostras fenotipadas quanto ao sistema Rh, 1274 amostras (54.18%) foram fenotipadas como Rh positivos e 1077 amostras (45,82%) fenotipadas como Rh negativo. Dos doadores fenotipados como Rh negativos, 103 amostras (9,5%) foram positivas para o antígeno ―C‖ e/ou ―E‖. Relacionando o percentual do sistema Kell positivo em doadores Rh negativos foi de 8,3%. Conclui-se, então, que o doador Rh negativo deve ser analisado para os demais antígenos do sistema Rh e para o antígeno Kell, pois, mesmo sendo menos imunogênicos, estes antígenos são capazes de causar doença hemolítica graves e aloimunizações. O antígeno D pode variar de expressão fenotípica, devido a alterações qualitativas/quantitativas: D fraco, D parcial. Este trabalho analisou uma amostragem de doadores, através de genotipagem para identificar quais as variantes de D mais freqüentes nesta região, foi encontrado (44%) D fraco, (3%) D parcial. Reforça, dessa forma, a importância de ser estabelecidos protocolos para utilização destes sangues raros e garantir o uso correto destes hemocomponentes, assim como a segurança transfusional.
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El, Missiry M. A. "Membrane sulphydryl groups in the control of water and ion balance in the red blood cell of the eel Anguilla anguilla L." Thesis, University of Bath, 1986. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374600.
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Juras, Rytis. "Lietuvos vietinių veislių arklių genetinė analizė." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050330_100716-51986.
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1. For the first time a wide range of biochemical genetic markers and different typing techniques were used to access levels of genetic variability in Lithuanian horse breeds; 2. DNA based methods were used to access levels of genetic variation in Lithuanian horse breeds; 3. Genetic variation in Lithuanian horses was investigated using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing; 4. Genetic relationship and genetic distances between the breeds were estimated using a wide range of different genetic markers.
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Borges, Ivo Ricardo Fernandes. "Caraterização estatística dos valores percentuais de sangue do grupo AB0 colhido pelo Centro Regional de Sangue de Lisboa e respetivo emparelhamento com a distribuição a nível hospitalar." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11012.
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RESUMO: A Medicina Transfusional está a mudar rapidamente em resposta a um número de diferentes catástrofes, patologias e novas técnicas da ciência.
Por detrás de uma transfusão de sangue existe todo um conjunto de procedimentos, técnicas e atuações que salvaguardam o rigor e segurança científicas resultando numa maior eficiência na diminuição da morbilidade/mortalidade humana.
Todo o processo de colheita, análise, processamento e distribuição de concentrados de eritrócitos comporta um capital elevado em termos da economia para a saúde e os requisitos básicos de uma gestão de qualidade, na área da saúde em geral e da hemoterapia em particular, tem de compreender, com rigor, estas condições de gestão parceria de forma a evitar um aumento nos custos da saúde.
Para identificar as discrepâncias nos pedidos efetuados pelos Hospitais Públicos e Privados ao Centro de Sangue e Transplantação de Lisboa, no que diz respeito ao Sistema AB0 dos concentrados de Eritrócitos, foi feito um estudo quantitativo, com fins descritivos simples, aos 95 984 concentrados de eritrócitos enviados às 32 Instituições de Saúde da abrangência do CST de Lisboa.
Tendo em conta o Sistema AB0 RhD, confirma-se que o grupo sanguíneo prevalente, tanto na população portuguesa como nos dadores de sangue que efetuaram a sua dádiva de sangue em 2011, é o grupo A Rh+. Observou-se no entanto que o grupo sanguíneo mais pedido e enviado pertence ao grupo 0 Rh positivo. Assim, apurou-se que existe uma disparidade, mesmo que pouco acentuada, nos pedidos efetuados pelos Hospitais Públicos e Privados ao Centro de Sangue e Transplantação de Lisboa no que configura ao Sistema AB0 dos concentrados de eritrócitos. Os Hospitais Públicos Sem Serviço de Colheita de Sangue e os Hospitais Privados são responsáveis por este desencontro de valores. No que se refere às inutilizações por prazo de validade ressalva-se que os desaproveitamentos de CE’s não são tão acentuados como se esperaria numa primeira fase de estudo. No entanto, e em termos económicos, se existem inutilizações por prazo de validade, existe igualmente despojo financeiro. Por detrás de cada unidade inutilizada existe um alto investimento que será desperdiçado por carência de solicitação.
De forma a minimizar gastos e a salvaguardar um Banco de Sangue capaz de suportar qualquer eventualidade de rutura de stock estão patentes propostas de estratégias capazes de impedir constrangimentos diários e futuros no que diz respeito à disponibilidade de sangue e componentes sanguíneos.--------------ABSTRACT: The Transfusion Medicine it is changing fast in response to a number of different catastrophes, disease and new techniques of science.
From behind a blood transfusion there is a whole set of procedures, techniques and actions that safeguard the safety and scientific rigor resulting in greater efficiency in reducing morbidity / mortality human.
The entire process of procurement, testing, processing and distribution of concentrated erythrocytes involves a high capital in terms of the economy to health and the basic requirements of a quality management in healthcare in general and hemotherapy in particular has to understand with rigor, this partnership in order to avoid an increase in health costs.
In order to identify discrepancies in the orders placed by the Government and Private Hospitals Center Blood and Transplant Lisbon regarding the AB0 system of concentrated erythrocytes was made a quantitative study with simple descriptive purposes to 95,984 erythrocytes concentrates sent to 32 Health Institutions of the scope of CST Lisbon.
Having regard to the system AB0 blood group RhD prevalent both in the Portuguese population as blood donors, who made his blood donation in 2011, confirms that belong to group A Rh +. It was found that blood group most requested and sent belongs to group 0 Rh positive. Thus, it was found that there is a disparity, even a little sharp, requests made by the Government and Private Hospitals Blood Center and Transplantation in Lisbon that configures the system AB0 erythrocyte concentrates. The Public Hospitals without Blood Harvest and Private Hospitals are responsible for this clash of values.
With regard the expiry date by disables proviso that the wastes of CE's are not as sharp as one would expect in a first phase of the study. However, in economic terms, if there is disables by expiry date, there is also financial squandering. Behind every unused unit is a high investment to be wasted by shortage of request.
To minimize costs and safeguarding a Blood Bank can support any event of rupture of stock patents are proposed strategies to prevent future and diaries constraints with regard to the availability of blood and blood components.
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Maier, Meta Josephina [Verfasser], and Karl-Heinz [Akademischer Betreuer] Schulz. "Peak Blood Lactate Levels and Peak Performance Markers in Two Groups of MS Patients Performing an Exhaustive Bicycle Ergometry / Meta Josephina Maier ; Betreuer: Karl-Heinz Schulz." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1117798046/34.
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Maier, Meta Josephina Verfasser], and Karl-Heinz [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schulz. "Peak Blood Lactate Levels and Peak Performance Markers in Two Groups of MS Patients Performing an Exhaustive Bicycle Ergometry / Meta Josephina Maier ; Betreuer: Karl-Heinz Schulz." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-81304.
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Toda, Mitsuaki. "Complement activation on surfaces carrying hydroxyl or amino groups." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120910.
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Ba, Alhassane. "Hétérogénéité génétique des groupes sanguins au Mali : impact transfusionnel." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5048/document.
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Les antigènes de groupes sanguins érythrocytaires peuvent être responsables d’une allo-immunisation anti-érythrocytaire et d’accidents immuno-hémolytiques lors de transfusion ou de grossesse. La transfusion des populations d’Afrique sub-saharienne est complexifiée par l’absence d’expression d’antigènes publics, l’expression d’antigènes privés et l’expression d’antigènes partiels en particulier pour le système RH. L’étude des systèmes de groupes sanguins d’intérêt transfusionnel chez les donneurs de Bamako a confirmé l’efficacité de la stratégie du génotypage multiplex incluant des polymorphismes d’appels pour identifier des donneurs rares, qui permet d’accéder aux phénotypes déduits des prélèvements. L’exploration du système RH réalisée par séquençage chez les Dogons et les Peulhs de Mopti met clairement en évidence que la diversité allélique et la fréquence de certains allèles RH sont fonction de l’ethnicité. Un nouvel haplotype associant un allèle RHD*DIVa codant pour un antigène D partiel, des antigènes ce potentiellement partiels, et une réactivité partielle anti-C, a été identifié chez les Dogons. L’exploration des allèles codant pour les antigènes de haute et basse fréquence en Afrique subsaharienne d’Est en Ouest constitue un exemple d’étude qui distingue clairement les populations d’Afrique subsaharienne de celles d’Europe par des différences de fréquences des allèles définissant la diversité génétique d’une population par rapport à une autre. Des orientations stratégiques en fonction du contexte local ont été identifiées pour l’évolution de la transfusion au Mali dans les prochaines annéesBlood group antigens may be responsible for alloimmunization and immuno-hemolytic accidents during transfusion or pregnancy. The transfusion of of sub-Saharan Africa populations is complex due to absence of high antigens expression, low antigens expression and partial antigens expression particularly for RH system.The study of blood group for transfusion of interest among donors in Bamako confirmed the effectiveness of multiplex genotyping strategy including polymorphisms calls to identify the rare donors, which permit access to phenotypes derived samples. In a second phase, the exploration of RH blood group system by sequencing among Dogon and Fulani in Mopti clearly shows that the allelic diversity and the frequency of some alleles RH depend on the ethnicity. A new haplotype RHD*DIVa/RHCE*ceTI(D2) combining an RHD*DIVa allele encoding a partial D antigen, potentially partial ce antigens, and a partial reactivity with anti-C, was identified among Dogon. In a third phase, the exploration of alleles encoding of the high and low frequency antigens in sub-Saharan Africa from East to West is an example of a study that clearly makes a difference between the populations of sub-Saharan African and those of Europe in terms of frequencies of alleles that define genetic diversity of one population compared to another. Thus, knowledge of ethnicity is more relevant than knowing the geographical origin in order to optimize transfusion in Saharan Africa and in European countries where some of these populations live. Guidelines strategic in relation with the local context have been identified for development of transfusion for next years in Mali
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Trovão, Ana Carolina Garcia Braz. "Construção e validação de um instrumento voltado à satisfação do doador de sangue." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17139/tde-08112018-145523/.
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Em 2015, no Brasil, a taxa de doação de sangue para o país foi estimada pelo Ministério da Saúde em 18,2 doações por 1.000 habitantes, enquanto em 2014, esta taxa era 18,49. A manutenção dos estoques de sangue no país é um desafio constante nos serviços de hemoterapia e estratégias de captação e fidelização dos doadores são essenciais. Assim, é necessário conhecer as expectativas do doador em relação ao atendimento durante a doação e identificar o que o deixa satisfeito em relação ao serviço prestado. Os questionários usuais de satisfação, encontrados na literatura, voltados a clientes ou pacientes não são diretamente aplicáveis a doadores, uma vez que os doadores não são propriamente conceituados como indivíduos que comparecem à instituição somente para receber um produto ou atendimento, mas participam de um processo em que contribuem oferecendo gratuitamente um bem de natureza material, que é seu próprio sangue. Diante da ausência de instrumentos validados em língua portuguesa, o objetivo do presente estudo é construir um instrumento capaz de avaliar a satisfação do doador de sangue, bem como estudar a validade de construto e consistência interna. O estudo será conduzido em quatro etapas: (1) desenvolvimento do instrumento com base em grupos focais e no instrumento introduzido por Borges et al. (2005), (2) validação de conteúdo, considerando a avaliação do instrumento por um grupo de especialistas, (3) pré-teste do instrumento e (4) aplicação do instrumento para validação em uma amostra de 1.019 doadores de sangue. O instrumento proposto possui 25 itens que caracterizam atributos da satisfação do doador de sangue, divididos em três domínios: acesso/conveniência, aspectos técnicos e aspectos interpessoais. O instrumento apresentou satisfatória consistência interna, quanto ao conjunto de itens. Propõe-se o gráfico desempenho-importância (GDI) como uma ferramenta simples de interpretação dos dados obtidos pelo instrumento, na rotina de monitoramento da qualidade do serviço prestado por bancos de sangue. Considerando os dados obtidos para a amostra de 1.019 doadores, o GDI permitiu identificar os itens que, se melhorados, a satisfação geral do doador tenderá a aumentar, bem como os itens que precisam ser mantidos para a garantia da satisfação do doador. O instrumento proposto poderá contribuir para a qualidade dos serviços de hemoterapia, ao capturar informações capazes de descrever os aspectos em que os doadores se sentem insatisfeitos quanto ao atendimento ou serviços prestados.In 2015, the blood donation rate for the country was estimated by the Ministry of Health by 18.2 donations per 1,000 inhabitants, whereas in 2014, this rate was 18.49. The maintenance of blood stocks in the country is a constant in hemotherapy services and the strategies of donor recruitment and loyalty are essential. Thus, it is necessary to know donor\'s expectations regarding the assistance during the donation and to identify what makes them feel satisfied with the service delivered. The usual satisfaction questionnaires, found in the literature, designed to customers or patients are not directly applicable to donors, once donors are not properly conceived as subjects who attend to the institution only to receive a product or care, actually they take part in a process to which they contribute by offering goods of material nature for free, in this case their own blood. Upon the absence of validated instruments in Portuguese, the aim of this study is to construct an instrument capable of assessing blood donor\'s satisfaction, as well as to study its validity and internal consistence. The study will be conducted in four steps: (1) development of the instrument based on focus groups and on the instrument introduced by Borges et al. (2005), (2) validation of the content, considering the instrument evaluation by a group of experts, (3) instrument pre-test, and (4) application of the instrument to validate a sample of 1,019 blood donors. The instrument proposed has 25 items characterizing the attributes of blood donor\'s satisfaction, divided in three domains: access/convenience, technical aspects, and interpersonal aspects. The instrument showed satisfactory internal consistence in relation to the set of items. We propose the performance-importance graph (PIG) as a simple tool for the interpretation of the data obtained by the instrument, in the routine of quality monitoring of the service delivered by blood banks. Considering the data obtained for the sample of 1,019 donors, the PIG allowed to identify the items that, if improved, donor\'s overall satisfaction should tend to increase, as well as the items that have to be kept in order to guarantee donor\'s satisfaction. The instrument proposed might contribute to the quality of hemotherapy services by capturing information capable of describing the aspects donors feel most unsatisfied with, in relation to the attention or services delivered.
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Shaikh, Fathima Aidha. "Towards universal blood : mechanistic studies on blood group cleaving glycosidases." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43027.
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The ABO blood groups are vitally important in blood transfusion and organ transplantation. Transfusion with an incorrect blood type results in destruction of the incompatible blood cells, which can result in death. In my thesis, the catalytic mechanisms of three enzymes, two of which can directly be used on red blood cells (RBCs), were investigated in detail as follows.
YesZ, a family GH 42 β-galactosidase (retaining), was used as a model system for the identification of catalytic residues. The mechanism-based inhibitor, 2,4-dinitrophenyl 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-galactopyranoside was synthesized and used to inactivate YesZ via trapping of a reaction intermediate. Subsequent proteolytic digestion and comparative MS analysis identified the labeled peptide which, combined with, sequence alignments identified the catalytic nucleophile, a glutamate in the sequence ETSPSYAASL. Use of the acid/base mutant for trapping experiments provided support for its role thereby providing experimental verification of the identities of the catalytic residues in Family GH42.
EABase, a family GH98 endo-β-galactosidase, cleaves blood group A and B trisaccharides from glycoconjugates and RBCs. The mechanism of Family 98 glycosidases was unknown but inferred to be retaining. The DNP-β-A-trisaccharide substrate was synthesized by in vivo enzymatic and subsequent chemical methods and direct 1H NMR analysis of its hydrolysis by EABase revealed that EABase is an inverting glycosidase. Both activated and nonactivated substrates were used to kinetically characterize EABase and its mutants, revealing that D453 and/or E506 act as the base catalyst and that E354 is the acid catalyst. EABase was used, in collaboration with Dr. Kizhakkedathu’s lab, to generate “universal blood cells” from type-B blood.
Several α-L-fucosidases from family GH29 (retaining), which cleave α(1,2)-fucose from glycoconjugates were kinetically characterized in the hope of identifying the acid/base residue which is not conserved by sequence. A combination of modeling, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree analysis was used to identify candidate acid/base residues and further subgroup GH29 fucosidases based on these comparisons. The identity of the acid/base residue in four fucosidases is supported by kinetic characterization of a series of mutants of candidate residues and can now be predicted for all Family GH29 fucosidases.
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Green, Jessica L. "Characterization of feline blood group antigens /." Search for this dissertation online, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
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Finning, Kirstin M. "Prediction of fetal RhD blood group status using fetal genetic material in maternal blood." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275889.
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Halawani, Amr Jamal J. "The future of next-generation sequencing for blood group genotyping and its implications in transfusion medicine." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/5286.
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Alloimmunisation becomes a problem when serological discrepancies occur in matching antigens between donors and patients for blood transfusion. The rate of alloimmunisation has been increased especially in multiply transfused patients. Blood group genotyping (BGG) is a DNA-based assay that aids in reducing this situation. Currently, many platforms of BGG have become available, in which every technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. All these platforms lack the ability to identify novel alleles that might have an unknown clinical significance. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers identification of the unprecedented alleles due to its basis of sequence-based typing. Moreover, it provides an extreme high-throughput which may be able to screen many donors and patients in a single run. In this project, two approaches have been developed in generating sequencing libraries followed by sequencing on the Ion Torrent Personal Genome MachineTM platform (Ion PGMTM). The first approach was amplicon-based target selection using Ion AmpliseqTM Custom Panel, designated as Human Erythrocyte Antigens and Human Platelet Antigens Panel (HEA and HPA Panel). This panel assay screens 11 blood group systems, as well as 16 human platelet antigens. The outcome was extraordinary, in particular four novel alleles had been identified out of 28 samples, one in the RHCE gene 208C > T (Arg70Trp) in exon 2 and three in the KEL gene. The first SNP was 331G > A (Ala111Thr) in exon 4. The second SNP was 1907C > T (Ala636Val) in exon 17 and the third SNP was 2165T > C (Leu722Pro) in exon 19. However, some issues occurred regarding co-amplification of homologous genes. The second approach was a long-range polymerase chain reaction (LR-PCR) based approach. This method provided a high resolution assay by amplification of entire genes, including the non-coding area, of the Kell and Rh blood group systems. The Kell blood group was initially utilised as a model in order to apply the same approach on the Rh system. Most alleles encoding the antigens of the Kell blood group, especially the high prevalence ones, were identified. The Rh LR-PCR approach was carried out by amplification of the RHD and RHCE genes with seven amplicons. For five RhD-positive samples no mutations were observed within the coding areas. On the other hand, five serotyped weak D samples were genotyped as; two weak D type 1, two weak D type 2 and one DAR3.1 weak partial D 4.0 (RHD*DAR3.01). Regarding the RHCE, the following antigens (C, c, E, c) were predicted properly from the sequencing data. Moreover, the RHCE*ceVS.02 was identified. 64 and 39 intronic SNPs were identified in RHD and RHCE genes, respectively. The intronic SNPs assisted the genotyping process by identifying the haplotype of interest. Interestingly, the novel allele identified in the RHCE gene by the HEA and HPA Panel was confirmed to belong to the RHCE gene by the LR-PCR approach, indicating the panel misaligned it to the RHD gene. In conclusion, NGS paves the way to be an alternative substitution to the previous molecular techniques. It would supplant the conventional serology for typing blood for transfusion.
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Love, Kerry Routenberg 1977. "Automated synthesis of the Lewis blood group oligosaccharides." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17827.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2004.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
Cell-surface carbohydrates are markers of specific cell types. These oligosaccharides are involved in recognition, adhesion, and signal transduction events. Advances in molecular glycobiology rely heavily on straightforward access to structurally defined oligosaccharides, but traditional syntheses of complex carbohydrates have been very laborious. Development of a novel linker and monitoring of each glycosylation reaction during automated solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis allowed for the rapid synthesis of three Lewis-type cell surface oligosaccharides. The assembly of the nonasaccharide adenocarcinoma marker Le[superscript]y-Le[superscript]x monosaccharide building blocks was achieved in just 23 hours, while the syntheses of the tumor markers Lewis X, a pentasaccharide, and Lewis Y, a hexasaccharide, required only 12 and 14 hours respectively. The automation of carbohydrate synthesis greatly accelerates access to molecules for biological study and vaccine development.
by Kerry Routenberg Love.
Ph.D.
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Robb, J. S. "A microarray format for multi-parameter blood group serology." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515396.
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In this thesis multiple factors affecting probe-ligand interactions in a microarray format were investigated using blood group antigen and antibody sets for the development of a microarray based serology platform. Initial experiments focused on multiple parameters affecting immobilisation and functionality of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies on various microarray surfaces. A range of critical parameters affecting protein-ligand interactions, such as efficient blocking of non-specific binding, detergent type, RBC concentration, reaction volume and mixing, were optimised in a series of experiments with labelled anti-species antibodies. Selected microarray surface and optimised spotting and reaction conditions were then used for studies of antibody-RBC antigen interactions in situ. A 'dual' solid-phase approach was investigated for blood group serology reactions where probe antibodies were immobilised on the microarray and target antigens were carried on the RBC surface, which can be considered as the second solid-phase. In summary this investigation has 1) established a microarray format and the reaction conditions for antibody-antigen interaction studies in blood group serology; 2) for the first time successfully exploited microarray format for comprehensive blood typing; 3) examined the novel technique of membrane fragment microarray immobilisation for a reverse, antibody screen reaction; 4) verified the findings and quantitatively characterised the interactions on Biacore, a surface plasmon resonance real-time detection system. This provides a strong basis for the development of microarray based multi-parameter blood group serology diagnostic platforms.
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Glass, Richard A. "Blood and Earth: Indivisible Territory and Terrorist Group Longevity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271819/.
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The study of terrorism has been both broad in scope and varied in approach. Little work has been done, however, on the territorial aspects of terrorist groups. Most terrorist groups are revolutionary to one degree or another, seeking the control of a piece of territory; but for the supportive population of a terrorist group, how important is the issue of territory? Are the intangible qualities of territory more salient to a given population than other factors? Are territorially based terrorist groups more durable than their ideologically or religiously motivated cohorts? This paper aims to propose the validity of the territorial argument for the study of political terrorism.
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Abdullah, Saleh Mohammed S. "Blood group typing by molecular techniques : application to immunohaematology." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU486962.
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The initial aim was to establish conventional DNA typing technology for blood group typing using cell derived genomic DNA material from donors. Accordingly, blood samples were collected from 200 healthy, randomly selected, Aberdeen Regional blood donors. The DNA extracted from these samples was used to develop and validate PCR assays for RHD, RHDPsi, RHC/c, KEL1 and KEL2, Fya and Fyb and ABO blood group alleles. All samples were also phenotyped serologically for RH, KEL, Duffy and ABO blood groups. Complete concordance was observed between phenotype and genotype. The developed RHD, RHDPsi and Fya and Fyb genotyping assays were then applied to study the molecular basis of blood groups in a cohort of 170 native Saudi donors. This study demonstrated there was no significant difference between the Saudi and Scottish (Caucasian) populations with respect to the RHD or RHDPsi blood groups. However, a significant difference was recorded with respect to the molecular basis of the FY blood group in which 30.6% of the Saudi donors were typed as Fy/Fy. The Fyx allele was also observed in this cohort. Further study of the Scottish blood donor population was performed to define the molecular basis of Weak D in 58 SNBTS (Scottish National Blood Transfusion Services) blood donors. Weak D types 1 and 2 represented more than 95% of all Weak D types tested in this study. Of the rest, nine samples were typed as DVI type II, one sample typed as DVII, one sample typed as DVa type II and a new partial D was identified in one sample to be lodged with the Genbank DNA database. In the second part of the project, the overall aim was to develop fetal DNA typing from maternal plasma.
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Mattos, Cinara de Cássia Brandão de [UNESP]. "Sistema histo-sangüíneo ABO, status Secretor e anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em gestação da região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo: um estudo de associação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92481.
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O Toxoplasma gondii infecta os seres humanos dentre outras vias, pelo trato gastrintestinal, um local onde se dá a expressão do perfil de glicoconjugados ABH sob controle da enzima a-2-L-Fucosiltransferase (FUTII) codificada pelo gene FUT2 (19q13.3). A presença da FUTII define o status secretor positivo, o qual é relacionado aos fenótipos eritrocitários ABO. Diante da importância epidemiológica e clínica da infecção pelo T. gondii, o objetivo desse trabalho foi testar a hipótese de que o perfil de glicoconjugados ABH expresso no trato gastrintestinal está associado à infecção por esse parasito. Foram selecionadas 367 gestantes atendidas no Ambulatório de Gestação de Alto Risco do Hospital de Base da Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto. Duas amostras de sangue, uma sem e outra com anticoagulante foram coletadas. A fenotipagem eritrocitária ABO e a detecção dos anticorpos anti-T. gondii foram realizadas pelo método hemaglutinação. A identificação do status secretor foi feita pelo método PCR-RFLP. As diferenças nas freqüências do status secretor positivo e negativo e dos fenótipos eritrocitários ABO, isoladamente ou em conjunto, não foram estatisticamente significantes na presença e na ausência desses anticorpos (p=0,26). Esses resultados sugerem que o perfil de glicoconjugados ABH expressos no trato gastrintestinal sob controle do gene FUT2 não está associado à presença de anticorpos anti-T. gondii.
Toxoplasma gondii infects humans in several manners including by the gastrointestinal tract where the a-2-L-Fucosiltransferase (FUTII) coded by FUT2 (19q13.3) controls the expression of the ABH glycoconjugates profile. Presence of FUTII defines the positive secretor status which is associated to ABO erythrocytic phenotypes. Due to the epidemiological and clinical importance of T. gondii infection, the aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that the ABH glycoconjugate profile expressed in the gastrointestinal tract is associated to infections by this parasite. A total of 367 pregnant women from the High-Risk Pregnancy Clinical of the University Hospital de Base in São José do Rio Preto were enrolled in this study. Two blood samples were drawn with only one mixed with anticoagulant. The ABO erythrocytic phenotyping and detection of anti-T. gondii antibodies were achieved by the hemagglutination method. Identification of the secretor status was by the PCR-RFLP method. Differences in the positive and negative secretor status and ABO erythrocytic phenotypes, either in isolation or in association, were not statistically significant in respect to the presence or absence of these antibodies (p-value =0.26). These results suggest that the ABH glycoconjugate profile expressed in the gastrointestinal tract under control of the FUT2 gene is not associated to anti-T. gondii antibodies.
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Antanaitienė, Milda. "Su sveikata susijusios gyvenimo kokybės sąsajos su kraujo spaudimo kitimais profilaktinėse grupėse." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20091221_160056-57680.
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Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti kraujospūdžio kitimo ir su sveikata susijusios gyvenimo kokybės sąsajas tarp vyrų ir moterų, kuriems nustatytas padidėjęs kraujospūdis, dalyvavimo profilaktinėse kraujospūdžio reguliavimo grupėse laikotarpiu. Naudota metodika: Gyvenimo kokybės – 100 klausimynas (WHOQOL-100). Profilaktinėse grupėse dalyvavo 110 terapinės apylinkės pacientų. Visus keturis užsiėmimus lankė atitinkamai 80 pacientų. Pacientai buvo prašomi užpildyti GK-100 klausimyną, siekiant nustatyti kraujospūdžio kitimus užsiėmimų metu ir sąsajas su pacientų gyvenimo kokybės ypatumais. Tiriamieji dalyvavo keturiuose vienos valandos užsiėmimuose, kurie vyko kartą per savaitę vakare. Visoms keturioms pacientų grupėms vedami tie patys užsiėmimai taikant modifikuotą progresyvios raumenų relaksacijos metodą, diskusiją gyvenimo būdo keitimo klausimais ir abiejų šių metodų (raumenų relaksacijos ir diskusijos) derinį. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, jog moterų ir vyrų grupėse statistiškai reikšmingas kraujo spaudimo sumažėjimas stebimas užsiėmimo pabaigoje. Aukštesni statistiškai reikšmingi arterinio kraujo spaudimo rodikliai susiję su vyresnio amžiaus ir žemesnio išsilavinimo rodikliais vyrų ir moterų grupėse. Aukšti statistiškai reikšmingi arterinio kraujo spaudimo rodikliai susiję su blogesne gyvenimo kokybe, o mažesni - su geresne gyvenimo kokybe.Purpose of the survey is to assess the relations between blood pressure changes and health-related quality of life in men and women with high blood pressure during the period of blood pressure regulation in preventive groups. Methodology used: The Quality of Life - 100 Questionnaire (WHOQOL-100). Preventive groups involved 110 patients in the therapeutic environs. 80 patients attended all four workshops. Patients were asked to fill in WHOQOL-100 questionnaire to determine the associations with health – related quality of life and blood pressure variations in workshops. Patients participated in four one-hour classes, held once a week in the evening. All four groups of patients were involved in workshops using the modified progressive muscle relaxation method, the discussion on the changing of lifestyle and the combination of both of these methods (progressive muscle relaxation and discussion). The study showed that statistically significant decreased blood pressure was observed in men and women groups at the end of each workshop. Higher statistically significant arterial blood pressure was related to the older age and lower level of education in men and women groups. Higher statistically significant arterial blood pressure was related to poorer health – related quality of life, as lower arterial blood pressure was associated with better health – related quality of life.
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Maksvytis, Arūnas. "Moterų vainikinių arterijų aterosklerozės sąsajos su kraujo serumo lipidais, apolipoproteinais a-i ir b bei ab0 sistemos kraujo grupėmis." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060203_225633-71452.
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At present, cardiovascular diseases cause ca. 30 of deaths worldwide, and are the most common cause of death and disability (The World Health Report 2002; Pearson 1999). Coronary artery disease (CAD) accounts for nearly 50 of all deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases. In 2002, 7.2 million people died of CAD worldwide, and 5.8 million new cases were diagnosed. In 2000, the number of people with CAD around the world amounted to ca. 40 millions (Mackay 2004).
The modern understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and the concept of “cardiovascular risk factors” started forming in 1950s, when the first findings of the Framingham study were published (Wilson et al. 1998, D’Agostino et al. 2000). Information accumulated during scientific research on atherosclerosis allowed for a significant reduction of CAD-related mortality in the developed countries during the last 20 years, but a more profound analysis showed that the mortality mostly decreased in males, whereas in females it continues to grow. Nearly two-thirds of suddenly deceased women previously showed no clinical symptoms of CAD (AHA 2002). This most probably was influenced by a still predominant erroneous opinion that women, especially of younger age, very rarely have CAD and atherosclerosis of peripheral arteries. Epidemiological studies showed that cardiovascular diseases induced by atherosclerosis are equally frequent cause of death in both males and females. Of all patients who in 2000 in the U.S. died... [to full text]
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Kandeva, Teodora N. 1983. "Humoral response to carbohydrate antigens in the context of ABO-incompatible transplantation and xenotransplantation." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116121.
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Antibody-mediated rejection is central to ABO incompatible transplantation as well as to xenotransplantation. The xenoantigen alpha-Gal has a highly analogous carbohydrate structure to the human blood group antigens, and both require memory B cell activation for antibody production. We hypothesize that B cells, reactive to the alpha-Gal xenoantigen and B blood group antigen, require the presence of fully activated T cells in order to survive and proliferate in vitro, contrary to the traditional theory that humoral response to carbohydrate antigens is a T cell-independent process. When we compared the capacity of B cells to proliferate, we observed that activated T cells were necessary for B cell proliferation even in the presence of carbohydrate-derived antigens. A relevant question was also to investigate the role of a specific class of T cells: the CD1d-restricted iNKT cells, in the activation of alpha-Gal and B blood group-reactive B cells. The iNKT cells have the specificity of being reactive to glycolipids and are capable of producing both T helper 1 and T helper 2 cytokine responses. We therefore wanted to determine the role of the iNKT cells as mediators of a T helper 2-type response when B cells were exposed to a glycolipid antigen expressing the alpha-Gal epitope or the human B blood group antigen. We observed that, if the interaction between B cells and iNKT cells is blocked, neither B cell proliferation nor antibody production occurs. These results suggest therefore the importance of the iNKT cell category of T helper cells in the response to alpha-Gal and ABO-blood group glycolipids.
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Murphy, Margo Taylor. "A molecular biological investigation of the Kell blood group system." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367932.
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Soh, C. P. C. "The nature of the human Sdsup(a) blood group determinant." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370183.
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Johnson, P. H. "Alpha-L-fucosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of blood group determinants." Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306643.
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Johnson, P. H. "#alpda#-L-fucosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of blood group determinants." Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382460.
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Howes, Rosalind E. "The spatial epidemiology of the Duffy blood group and G6PD deficiency." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:00bbfd21-595a-4611-860f-e998f4af4b11.
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Over a third of the world’s population lives at risk of potentially severe Plasmodium vivax malaria. Unique aspects of this parasite’s biology and interactions with its human host make it harder to control and eliminate than the better studied Plasmodium falciparum parasite. Spatial mapping of two human genetic polymorphisms were developed to support evidence-based targeting of control interventions and therapies. First, to enumerate and map the population at risk of P. vivax infection (PvPAR), the prevalence of this parasite’s human blood cell receptor – the Duffy antigen – was mapped globally. Duffy negative individuals are resistant to infection, and this map provided the means to objectively model the low endemicity of P. vivax across Africa. The Duffy maps helped resolve that only 3% of the global PvPAR was from Africa. The second major research focus was to map the spatial distribution of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme deficiency (G6PDd), the genetic condition which predisposes individuals to potentially life-threatening haemolysis from primaquine therapy. Despite this drug’s vital role in being the only treatment of relapsing P. vivax parasites, risks of G6PDd-associated haemolysis result in significant under-use of primaquine. G6PDd was found to be widespread, with an estimated frequency of 8.0% (50% CI: 7.4-8.8%) across malarious regions. Third, it was important to represent more detailed descriptions of the genetic diversity underpinning this enzyme disorder, which ranges in phenotype from expressing mild to life-threatening primaquine-induced haemolysis. These variants’ spatial distributions were mapped globally and showed strikingly conspicuous distributions, with widespread A- dominance across Africa, predominance of the Mediterranean variant from the Middle East across to India, and east of India diversifying into a different and diverse array of variants, showing heterogeneity both at regional and community levels. Fourth, the G6PDd prevalence and severity maps were synthesised into a framework assessing the spatial variability of overall risk from G6PDd to primaquine therapy. This found that risks from G6PDd were too widespread and potentially severe to sanction primaquine treatment without prior G6PDd screening, particularly across Asia where the majority of the population are Duffy positive and G6PDd was common and severe. Finally, the conclusions from these studies were discussed and recommendations made for essential further research needed to support current efforts into P. vivax control.
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Barbé, Laure. "Spécificité d’attachement sur les glycannes, vers une amélioration des vaccins rotavirus." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT1017/document.
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Les souches humaines de rotavirus du groupe A (RVA) reconnaissent des glycannes fucosylés de la famille des Histo-Blood Group Antigens (HBGAs) et des gangliosides via la protéine de capside VP8*. L’interaction avec les gangliosides est essentielle pour l’entrée cellulaire et l’absence de ligands fucosylés dû au polymorphisme génétique des HBGAs est associée à une résistance à la gastroentérite sévère. Nos objectifs étaient de délimiter la contribution des HBGAs et du ganglioside GM1a dans le processus d’infection et d’explorer les conséquences du polymorphisme des HBGAs sur la transmission du virus et l’efficacité des vaccins vivants disponibles.génoty Ces travaux ont permis de montrer la concordance entre la spécificité glycannique des VP8* P[8], génotype le plus fréquent en France, et la sensibilité HBGA-dépendante à la gastroentérite sévère. La reconnaissance des HBGAs par les souches humaines de RVA apparaît donc essentielle pour l’infection symptomatique. Néanmoins, nos résultats suggèrent que l’attachement aux HBGAs correspond à un événement précoce puisqu’il n’est pas nécessaire pour l’infection de cellules peu différenciées par les souches P[8] adaptées à la culture. La contribution du GM1a dans l’infection reste incertaine. Enfin, nous avons montré que la reconnaissance des HBGAs est conservée entre des souches P[8] récentes et anciennes, indiquant que le polymorphisme des HBGAs pourrait contribuer à expliquer le défaut d’efficacité des vaccins dans les régions où la fréquence d’individus n’exprimant pas les ligands fucosylés est élevéeHuman strains of rotavirus A (RVAs) recognize fucosylated glycans of the histo-blood group family (HBGAs) as well as gangliosides through the VP8* protein of their capsid. Interaction with gangliosides is essential for cell entry and lack of fucosylated ligands due to HBGAs genetic polymorphism is associated with resistance to RVA gastroenteritis. Our goals are to delineate the contribution of HBGAs and gangliosides in the infection process and to explore the consequences of HBGAs polymorphisms on the virus transmission and efficacy of the available live vaccines. This study highlighted the concordance between the glycan specificity of P[8] VP8*, the most common genotype in France, and the HBGA-dependant susceptibility to RVA gastroenteritis. The recognition of HBGAs by human RVA strains therefore appears essential to the infection. Yet, our results suggest that HBGA binding corresponds to an early event since it is not required for infection of poorly differentiated cells by cell culture-adapted P[8] strains. The contribution of GM1a on infection remains unclear. Finally, we showed that HBGA recognition is conserved between recent and older P[8] strains, suggesting that HBGAs polymorphism may contribute to explain the low efficacy of vaccines in areas where the frequency of individuals who do not express fucosylated ligands is high
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Abel, P. D. "Blood-group antigen expression in normal and neoplastic urothelium and prostate : Can changes in blood-group antigen expression indicate the future behaviour of transitional cell cancer of the bladder." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380063.
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