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Books on the topic 'Blood flow monitoring'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Unterberg, Andreas W., Gerd-Helge Schneider, and Wolfgang R. Lanksch, eds. Monitoring of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism in Intensive Care. Springer Vienna, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9302-0.

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2

Bowdle, T. Andrew. Cardiac output. SpaceLabs Inc., 1991.

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3

Unterberg, Andreas W. Monitoring of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism in Intensive Care. Unterberg Andreas, 2012.

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4

A, Unterberg, Schneider G. H. 1965-, and Lanksch W. 1938-, eds. Monitoring of cerebral blood flow and metabolism in intensive care. Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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5

Gaddam, Samson Sujit Kumar, and Claudia S. Robertson. Cerebral blood flow and perfusion monitoring in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0222.

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Prevention of secondary cerebral ischaemic insults is an important management strategy in acute neurological conditions. Monitoring of cerebral perfusion may aid in early identification of ischaemic insults and help with management. A number of tools are available for this purpose. Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is the simplest assessment of cerebral perfusion, but in some cases ischaemia can be present even with a normal CPP. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) imaging, either with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging techniques, can provide quantitative regional CBF measurement, but on

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6

Magee, Patrick, and Mark Tooley. Intraoperative monitoring. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0043.

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Chapter 25 introduced some basic generic principles applicable to many measurement and monitoring techniques. Chapter 43 introduces those principles not covered in Chapter 25 and discusses in detail the clinical applications and limitations of the many monitoring techniques available to the modern clinical anaesthetist. It starts with non-invasive blood pressure measurement, including clinical and automated techniques. This is followed by techniques of direct blood pressure measurement, noting that transducers and calibration have been discussed in Chapter 25. This is followed by electrocardio

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7

Kipnis, Eric, and Benoit Vallet. Tissue perfusion monitoring in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0138.

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Resuscitation endpoints have shifted away from restoring normal values of routinely assessed haemodynamic parameters (central venous pressure, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output) towards optimizing parameters that reflect adequate tissue perfusion. Tissue perfusion-based endpoints have changed outcomes, particularly in sepsis. Tissue perfusion can be explored by monitoring the end result of perfusion, namely tissue oxygenation, metabolic markers, and tissue blood flow. Tissue oxygenation can be directly monitored locally through invasive electrodes or non-invasively using light absorbance

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8

(Editor), G. H. Schneider, A. W. Unterberg (Editor), and Wolfgang R. Lanksch (Editor), eds. Monitoring of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism in Intensive Care: Proceedings of an International Symposium, Berlin, October 1992 (Acta Neurochirurgica Supplementum). Springer-Verlag Telos, 1994.

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9

Magder, Sheldon. Central venous pressure monitoring in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0132.

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Central venous pressure (CVP) is at the crucial intersection of the force returning blood to the heart and the force produced by cardiac function, which drives the blood back to the systemic circulation. The normal range of CVP is small so that before using it one must ensure proper measurement, specifically the reference level. A useful approach to hypotension is to first determine if arterial pressure is low because of a decrease in vascular resistance or a decrease in cardiac output. This is done by either measuring cardiac output or making a clinical assessment blood flow. If the cardiac o

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10

Mythen, Monty, and Michael P. W. Grocott. Peri-operative optimization of the high risk surgical patient. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0361.

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Flow-based cardiovascular variables, such as cardiac output and oxygen delivery predict peri-operative outcome better than alternative, predominantly pressure-based measures. Targeting flow-based goals, using fluid boluses with or without additional blood or vasoactive agents in patients undergoing major surgery has been shown to improve outcome in some studies. However, the literature is limited due to a large number of small single-centre studies, and heterogeneity of interventions and outcomes evaluated. Early studies used pulmonary artery catheters to monitor blood flow, but newer studies

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11

Lee, Richard. Pulse oximetry and capnography in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0073.

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The estimation of arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry and arterial carbon dioxide tension by capnography are vital monitoring techniques in critical care medicine, particularly during intubation, ventilation and transport. Equivalent continuous information is not otherwise available. It is important to understand the principles of measurement and limitations, for safe use and error detection. PETCO2 and oxygen saturation should be regularly checked against PaCO2 and co-oximeter SO2 obtained from the blood gas machine. The PECO2 trace informs endotracheal tube placement, ventilation, a

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12

Yang, Hui. Carotid Endarterectomy/Stenting. Edited by David E. Traul and Irene P. Osborn. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190850036.003.0007.

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Carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting have been performed worldwide to reduce neurologic symptoms and prevent stroke. Preoperative cardiovascular and neurologic evaluations are essential to optimize a patient for surgery and guide the intra- and postoperative management. The primary goals of anesthetic management are to maintain cerebral perfusion and prevent perioperative myocardial ischemia. A shunt may be placed to provide antegrade cerebral blood flow if signs of cerebral ischemia develop during carotid cross-clamping. An awake patient is the gold standard for monitoring the a

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13

Mebazaa, Alexandre, and Mervyn Singer. Therapeutic strategy in cardiac failure. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0152.

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The fundamental therapeutic principles of heart failure management are for acute heart failure with mainly signs of pulmonary congestion, normal or high blood pressure, and no signs of low cardiac output to reduce pulmonary congestion without affecting blood pressure. Management principles of cardiogenic shock management comprise improvement of forward flow with restoration/maintenance of adequate organ perfusion. Appropriate management requires sound appreciation of the underlying pathophysiology, awareness of the actions and potential side-effects of each therapeutic intervention, and a leve

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14

Prout, Jeremy, Tanya Jones, and Daniel Martin. Nervous and musculoskeletal systems. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199609956.003.0006.

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This chapter outlines the basic science related to the nervous and musculoskeletal systems which particularly apply to the conduct of anaesthesia. Consciousness, sleep and anaesthetic depth are discussed with the measurement of anaesthetic depth using bispectral index and evoked potentials. Factors which influence cerebral blood flow and intracerebral pressure are detailed, allowing understanding of neuroanaesthesia techniques. Pharmacological and anaesthetic management of seizures is also described. Diseases affecting the autonomic nervous system, testing for these disorders and the implicati

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15

Dietrich, W. Dalton. Physiologic Modulators of Neural Injury After Brain and Spinal Cord Injury. Edited by David L. Reich, Stephan Mayer, and Suzan Uysal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190280253.003.0001.

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Brain and spinal cord injury are leading causes of death and long-term disability, producing diverse burdens for the affected individuals, their families, and society. Such injuries, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and spinal cord injury, have common patterns of neuronal cell vulnerability that are associated with a complex cascade of pathologic processes that trigger the propagation of tissue damage beyond the acute injury. Secondary injury mechanisms, including oxidative stress, edema formation, changes in cerebral blood flow and vessel reactivity, metaboli

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16

Adam, Sheila, Sue Osborne, and John Welch. Neurological problems. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696260.003.0008.

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This chapter provides an overview of the care and management of neurological disorders commonly seen in critical care, starting with an outline of the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. The concepts of awareness, consciousness, and arousal, and the use of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) to assess conscious level are discussed. The management and monitoring of raised intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and the impact on cerebral blood flow are detailed. The management of sodium and water balance, including diabetes insipidus, is outlined. There are overviews of the manag

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17

Peake, Sandra L., and Matthew J. Maiden. Management of septic shock in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0298.

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The management of septic shock is a medical emergency. Following prompt recognition, treatment priorities are haemodynamic resuscitation, empirical antimicrobials, urgent control of the source of infection and monitoring the response to therapy. Haemodynamic resuscitation is focused on maintaining an adequate macrocirculation, while also ensuring adequacy of microcirculatory blood flow to the cells. Intravenous fluids and catecholamines have been the mainstay of therapy. However, the amount and type of fluids, choice of vasoactive medications, and the appropriate resuscitation endpoints have b

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18

Banerjee, Amitava, and Kaleab Asrress. Screening for cardiovascular disease. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0351.

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Screening involves testing asymptomatic individuals who have risk factors, or individuals who are in the early stages of a disease, in order to decide whether further investigation, clinical intervention, or treatment is warranted. Therefore, screening is classically a primary prevention strategy which aims to capture disease early in its course, but it can also involve secondary prevention in individuals with established disease. In the words of Geoffrey Rose, screening is a ‘population’ strategy. Examples of screening programmes are blood pressure monitoring in primary care to screen for hyp

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