Academic literature on the topic 'Blood Grouping and Crossmatchi'

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Journal articles on the topic "Blood Grouping and Crossmatchi"

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Bhagwat, Swarupa Nikhil, Jayashree H. Sharma, Julie Jose, and Charusmita J. Modi. "Comparison Between Conventional and Automated Techniques for Blood Grouping and Crossmatching: Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 7, no. 02 (July 2015): 096–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-2727.163130.

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ABSTRACT Context: The routine immunohematological tests can be performed by automated as well as manual techniques. These techniques have advantages and disadvantages inherent to them. Aims:The present study aims to compare the results of manual and automated techniques for blood grouping and crossmatching so as to validate the automated system effectively. Materials and Methods: A total of 1000 samples were subjected to blood grouping by the conventional tube technique (CTT) and the automated microplate LYRA system on Techno TwinStation. A total of 269 samples (multitransfused patients and multigravida females) were compared for 927 crossmatches by the CTT in indirect antiglobulin phase against the column agglutination technique (CAT) performed on Techno TwinStation. Results: For blood grouping, the study showed a concordance in results for 942/1000 samples (94.2%), discordance for 4/1000 (0.4%) samples and uninterpretable result for 54/1000 samples (5.4%). On resolution, the uninterpretable results reduced to 49/1000 samples (4.9%) with 951/1000 samples (95.1%) showing concordant results. For crossmatching, the automated CAT showed concordant results in 887/927 (95.6%) and discordant results in 3/927 (0.32%) crossmatches as compared to the CTT. Total 37/927 (3.9%) crossmatches were not interpretable by the automated technique. Conclusion: The automated system shows a high concordance of results with CTT and hence can be brought into routine use. However, the high proportion of uninterpretable results emphasizes on the fact that proper training and standardization are needed prior to its use.
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Andıç, Neslihan. "Practical Solutions for Problems in Blood Grouping and Crossmatching." Turkish Journal of Hematology 39, no. 1 (February 24, 2022): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/tjh.galenos.2021.2021.0544.

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Yousuf, Rabeya, Harmaniza Binti Isahak, and Yee Loong Tang. "ABO Blood Group Discrepancy Due to An Unusual Naturally Occurring, Clinically Significant Anti-M antibody: A Case Report." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 6, no. 1 (February 7, 2022): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v6i1.391.

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ABO blood group is the most clinically significant blood group determined by forward and reverse grouping, which should match with each other. Any discrepancy between the forward and reverse grouping should be resolved to avoid incompatible transfusion reactions. Anti-M is a naturally occurring antibody that can lead to ABO discrepancy triggering a challenge for the blood bank. The objective of this case report was to present a rare case of anti-M leading to ABO discrepancy. A 2-year-old girl, diagnosed with right canine space cellulitis, was admitted for incision and drainage and tooth extraction under general anaesthesia. Her ABO blood group showed discrepancy where forward grouping was A, but reverse grouping was O with 4+ reaction in both A-cell and B-cell. Repeat testing with a new sample showed similar results. The patient’s probable Rh genotype was CDe/Cde (R1R1). The direct Coombs test and autocontrol were negative. She had no prior sensitization events. Antibody screening was positive and antibody identification revealed anti-M with a wide thermal range from 4°C to 37°C. MN phenotype was NN. Subsequent testing showed that the reverse grouping reagent A-cell possessed M-antigen and the positive reaction in reverse grouping was due to anti-M rather than anti-A. Repeat reverse grouping using M-antigen negative A-cells was negative. Crossmatch with M-antigen negative blood was compatible. Any ABO discrepancies should be resolved before transfusion. Anti-M reactive at 37°C is a clinically significant antibody. Therefore, careful interpretation of the results and a thorough analysis of the patient’s clinical history, previous blood group or transplant or transfusions history is extremely important.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 06 No. 01 January’22 Page: 143-146
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Huda, KM, and OFG Kibria. "Incompatible Crossmatch with Bombay Phenotype (Oh) - A Case Report." Pulse 9, no. 1 (March 14, 2017): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v9i1.31883.

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Blood serology plays a vital role in transfusion medicine. Presence of an irregular antibody (anti H) in the plasma reacting with all the red cells exhibiting the normal red cell ABO phenotype, the h/h (Bombay) phenotype. The h/h phenotype also known as Oh or Bombay blood group is a rare blood type. It was first discovered in Bombay (Mumbai) in India by Dr.Y.G. Bhende et al in 19521 Generally present in about 4 per million of the human population, though in some places such as Mumbai (Bombay) locals can have occurrences in as much as 1 in 10,000 of inhabitants2 It is also very rare in Bangladesh. The first case was reported in 1990 where three sisters in a same family were of 'Bombay' phenotype3. A 28-year-old male of Noakhali district was admitted to Apollo Hospitals Dhaka on 21st may 2016 with road traffic accident with pelvic fracture. His ABC and Rh blood group was detected as 0 positive by usual blood grouping test procedure. But his cross match was incompatible with several 0 positive blood units. Though the patient’s blood group phenotype initially mimic normal group 0 type by usual test procedure but became apparent when his serum was tested against group 0 red cells and strong Mediate spin agglutination developed at a thermal range 4° to 37°C. After testing with anti H Lectin, Ulex europaeus having anti H like activity, it was detected as Bombay blood group. Therefore, proper serum grouping using A cell, B cell and 0 cell is necessary to detect this group. Bombay phenotype individual do not express H, A and B antigen on their red cells and secretions but their plasma contains potent anti H, anti A and anti B due to lack H antigen4 Normal 0 group red cells does not have A or B antigen but their membrane expresses abundant H antigen. Anti H of Bombay phenotype serum gives incompatible cross match with all red blood cells of normal ABO phenotype containing H antigen. oh phenotype person can receive only autologous blood or blood from another Bombay blood group donor.5 This patient has received blood from her own sister who was also Bombay phenotype but his other four brothers were normal 0 group. Later on he was transfused with blood from Bombay blood group donor, arranged from “Think Foundation”, Mumbai, India for his orthopedic surgery. Both forward and reverse grouping is important for safe transfusion. If not followed, it may lead to people with Bombay blood group, not being detected and categorized as 0 group. Therefore, proper reverse grouping is necessary to detect this group and cross matching at different thermal range also plays a vital role in transfusion safety.Pulse Vol.9 January-December 2016 p.54-59
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Shulman, Ira A., Lieta M. Maffei, and Katharine A. Downes. "North American Pretransfusion Testing Practices, 2001–2004: Results From the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program Survey Data, 2001–2004." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 129, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 984–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2005-129-984-naptpr.

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Abstract Context.—Pretransfusion testing of whole blood and red blood cell recipients is regulated by the federal government under the authority of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988. Regulated tests include determination of ABO group, Rh D type, antibody detection, antibody identification, and crossmatching. A wide variety of methods and reagents are available for these regulated tests. During 2001–2004, the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Interlaboratory Comparison Program (Proficiency Testing) J-Survey collected data from more than 4000 laboratories regarding their pretransfusion testing practices. Those data are presented in this report. Objective.—To assess current testing practices for ABO grouping, Rh D typing, antibody detection, and crossmatching in North America. Design.—Data collected for the CAP Interlaboratory Comparison Program (Proficiency Testing) J-Survey were analyzed for trends in laboratory testing practice during 2001– 2004. The data were grouped for analysis by peer group (testing method used) for ABO grouping, Rh D typing, antibody detection, and crossmatching and then analyzed. Setting, Patients, or Other Participants.—Subscribers to the CAP Interlaboratory Comparison Program Transfusion Medicine J-Series. Results.—The most common testing schemes used in North America during 2001–2004 are as follows: ABO grouping (most laboratories perform tube testing: 97.6% in 2000 and 91.1% in 2004); Rh D typing (most laboratories perform tube testing: 97.7% in 2001 and 91.1% in 2004); antibody detection (most laboratories perform tube testing: 69.7% in 2001 and 55% in 2004, most frequently with the low ionic strength solution anti-human globulin [AHG] method, 48.3% in 2001 and 39.9% in 2004; as of 2004 slightly more laboratories use the gel AHG method [42%] than the low ionic strength solution AHG tube method); crossmatching for alloimmunized patients (most laboratories perform tube testing using a low ionic strength solution AHG method; 55.8% in 2001 and 47.6% in 2004); and crossmatching for nonalloimmunized patients (tube testing using an immediate spin method; 42% in 2001 and 40.4% in 2004). Conclusions.—Most North American laboratories currently favor tube methods when performing ABO grouping, Rh typing, antibody screening, and crossmatching. However, there has been a significant increase in the use of gel-based methods in recent years, especially for antibody detection and crossmatching. Data collection and data analysis of CAP Interlaboratory Comparison Program Survey results allow for assessment of laboratory proficiency and provide insights into current North American practice trends in pretransfusion compatibility testing.
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Demirkan, Fatih, Veli Gunal, and Yasar Dereli. "A New Method For Electronic Crossmatch: ABO /Rh Blood Group Confirmation and Antibody Screening Concomitantly With Serologic Crossmatch." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 4833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.4833.4833.

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Introduction Altough electronic crossmatch (E-XM) is cost effective and reduce laboratory workload, practical difficulties of determining 2 consecutive ABO/Rh in patients, requirement for the verification of the donor ABO group, concerns for errors in patient identification/specimen labeling and lack of reimbursement for performing ABO confirmation testing on a second separately collected specimen could avoid its widespread implementation in some countries. Method Using gel santrifuge method, ABO/Rh grouping and immuno-hematologic tests are done by a fully automatic system and recorded in blood bank information system. For patients and donors who do not have a previous blood group and antibody screen in the system, study steps are: 1. ABO/Rh group is performed with the 1st specimen and recorded 2. Donor blood group and antibody screen are done in the same gel card. 3. A second specimen is required at the time of transfusion request for regular antiglobulin crossmatch and antibody screen. ABO confirmation of patient and donor is done concomitantly in the same card with XM. 4. When 2 or more units are requested, first unit is selected by serologic XM, subsequent units are selected by E-XM from the available donor pool. Donor pool for electronic selection is fed by serologically compatible but undelivered units. Computer system is capable of questioning availability for E-XM eventhough serologic XM is not performed and could show the missing parameters needed for E-XM. Results After 6 months of validation process, between 1.01.2012- 31.07.2013, 36.7% of erythrocytes were reserved by E-XM using this method (table 1). Evaluation of the efficacy of the XM process revealed that 37.5% of the serologically confirmed units were undelivered and those supported the pool for E-XM (table 2). Conclusions 1. This method implements a double specimen system for ABO/Rh verification to ensure the transfusion security and guarantees the selection of at least 1 unit serologically. 2. Reduces work load and cost effective even in centers who are currently using serologic XM. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Dubé, Catherine, Scherzinger Kritikopoulos, Marsha Downie, Elizabeth Krok, and Katerina Pavenski. "Urgent Transfusion in a New Patient with Rare Blood Type." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-141478.

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Background/Case Studies: Bombay is a rare blood group characterized by the absence of H substance at the surface of RBCs leading to naturally occurring anti-H antibodies. Anti-H presents the risk of severe hemolytic transfusion reactions in these patients. The case presented is of a 32-year-old female of Middle Eastern origin, who presented with a traumatic vertebral fracture with spinal cord compression and required urgent neurosurgery. Her presenting hemoglobin was 84 g/L. She had no previous group and screen on record, had never been transfused and had a history of a remote miscarriage. Study Design/Methods: Forward blood group with an automated gel-method instrument revealed the following reactions: negative with anti-A, unable to interpret (?) with anti-B, 4+ with anti-D. Reverse grouping revealed the following reactions: 4+ with A1-cells and an unexpected 1+ with B-cells. The antibody screen and 11 cell panel in gel (Micro Typing Systems) 2+; the panel, with enhancement reacted 3+ in Ficin. The auto control was negative. A second panel and pre-warm panel produced the same findings. An antibody reacting at 37C against a high-frequency antigen was suspected. Patient specimen was sent for investigation to the reference lab (RL), which performed blood group by manual tube test, antibody identification with panels by manual tube PEG-IAT method; RL also sent a sample for ABH sequencing (Sanger). Results/Findings: A thawed frozen plasma sample from a previous Bombay patient 12 years prior showed no reactivity against the patient's RBCs; positive control included. A frozen Bombay RBC unit was ordered urgently from the blood supplier and was crossmatch compatible. The patient underwent surgery and was transfused with a single unit of RBC for peri-operative bleeding. She was treated with erythropoietin and IV iron post-operatively and did not require any further transfusions. The investigation at the RL showed mixed field reaction on forward blood typing with anti-B and anti-A,B and negative reaction with anti-A commercial reagents. The RL reverse grouping showed 4+ with all O H+ and A1 red cells, but 2+ with B cells. The autocontrol and group O H- cells did not react, confirming anti-H and suggesting Para-Bombay group. ABH sequencing revealed a normal B allele (ABO*B.01) while genotyping of FUT1 revealed a null allele (FUT1*01N.12) and weak H allele (FUT1*01W.23). FUT2 genotyping (FUT2*01N.02) predicted a nonsecretor (sese) phenotype. Conclusions: This patient with non-secretor status, variant H production, clinically significant anti-H, greatly reduced B antigen expression, should be treated as a Bombay (Oh) for transfusion purposes. She was counselled and provided with an antibody card and a letter. This case illustrates the importance of timely communication with the clinical team about the risks and benefits of transfusion pending antibody identification, as it could have proved fatal in this case. Figure Disclosures Pavenski: Bioverativ:Research Funding;Shire/Takeda:Honoraria;Octapharma:Research Funding;Alexion:Honoraria, Research Funding;Sanofi:Research Funding;Ablynx/Sanofi:Honoraria, Research Funding.
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Hazra, Subhajit, Pauline Ara Parveen, Banduriap Lyngdoh, Pratima Moi, Sunita Bagdi, Sulekha Ghosh, and Tapan Kumar Ghosh. "Importance of screening and identification of alloantibodies in multi-transfused patients of thalassemia major." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 5, no. 2 (October 4, 2020): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v5i2.265.

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Introduction: Thalassemia is a form of inherited autosomal recessive blood disorders characterized by abnormal formation of hemoglobin. These patientsneed blood transfusion on regular basis to maintain the hemoglobin level in the body.The frequent transfusions received by thalassemia major patients, expose them to the risk of contracting infectious diseases, and development of complication such as iron overload and alloimmunization. The production of antibodies against such alloimmunization induces further hemolysis.Subject and methodology: The main objective of the study was to find out clinically significant antibodies in multi-transfused thalassemiamajor patients to prevent hemolysis and to reduce frequency of blood transfusion there by reducing morbidity and mortality. A prospective and observational study comprising of total 205 thalassemic patients were included in the study (females 99 and males 106) in the age ranging from3to 43 years who had received more than 10 units of blood within one year. Majority of them were β thalassemia major followed by Eβ and sickle cell disease.Apart from ABO and Rh grouping and issuing of blood by proper crossmatching the alloantibodies were detected by using 3 cell and 11 cell panel by gel technique.Alloantibodies against Rh phenotypes were more than 90%.Discussion and conclusion:Findingof unexpected antibodies must be a part of all pretransfusion testing procedure which will help to accomplish more effective and uneventful blood transfusionof multi-transfused thalassemia patient. Production of alloantibodiesinmulti-transfused thalassemia patients can be prevented by screening for minor blood groups from beginning in addition to ABO and Rh grouping.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 02 April’21 Page: 230-234
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Cohen, Robert IS, Ana Lima, Alioska Escorcia, Farzana Tasmin, Yulia Lin, Lani Lieberman, Jacob Pendergrast, Jeannie Callum, and Christine M. Cserti-Gazdewich. "Transfusion Reaction Serology: Results of Applied Practices." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-110186.

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Abstract Introduction: Serologic testing of post-transfusion reaction specimens aims to ascertain potentially accountable immune hemolytic incompatibility. With the exception of low-risk fevers or uncomplicated allergic reactions (ie- reactions with a likelihood of incompatibility that is deemed too low to justify testing), all transfusion reactions undergo serologic investigation as a matter of local institutional policy. However, compliance with guidelines, and the yields of testing according to reaction types, remain unknown. These measures may indicate the quality of applied practice, and provide evidence for maintaining (or changing) investigation algorithms. Study Design and Methods: Interrogation of two hemovigilance databases identified all possible-to-definite transfusion reactions over a 4-year period (2013-2016) at four academic hospitals (with 1493 adult-care beds). The performance and outcome of reaction-oriented serology were assessed by site, year, reaction type, implicated product, and patient location. Serologic testing of transfusion reaction samples entailed the performance (and pre-transfusion comparison) of grouping (ABO, RHD type) and red cell antibody screening (indirect antiglobulin testing [IAT]), with a post-transfusion Coomb's/direct antiglobulin test [DAT]. Appropriate reflex tests (elutions, panel investigations, or IAT re-crossmatching) proceeded from pertinent positives. Allergic reactions were "complicated" if significant vital sign changes occurred, while fevers were "high-risk" (HRF) if symptomatic or if the Tmax rose to ≥39⁰C. Cardiorespiratory reactions (CRR) involved symptomatic and/or objective disturbances in heart/lung function, while unclassifiable presentations (changes in sensorium or non-precordial pain) were placed in an atypical/"other" category for analysis. Results: Sites received 338-367 reaction referrals per year. By referral proportions (and with overlaps), fevers accounted for 47% of events, allergic disturbances for 40%, and CRR events for 37%, with unclassifiable reactions in 7% (Table). Serologic examination occurred in 773 (55%) of 1412 referrals (of which 1346 were deemed to be transfusion-attributable disturbances, among 1119 unique recipients). The majority of cases (1153 or 82%) were compliant with guidelines. Similar proportions deviated to over-testing (85/550 [15%]) as to under-testing (174/862 [20%]). Overall, 34 (4.4%) of 773 cases yielded a new finding, with 6 (0.8%) reflecting (new or recrudescent) host-derived anti-erythrocyte antibodies, for a number-needed-to-test (NNT) of 129. Serologic yields occurred in all categories where testing was mandated, with most yields (62% or 26/42) owing to HRF and CRR events. Whereas these were often non-ABO (minor antigen-targeting) antibodies (76% or 25/33) and followed reactions to red blood cell transfusions (RBC), the yields from complicated allergic reactions and "other" reactions were entirely due to passively acquired isoagglutinins (11/11). The former non-ABO antibodies were revealed by IAT (with no additional gains from elution studies), while ABO isoagglutinins were revealed by DAT alone (and type-specific eluates), and followed plasma (antibody-) containing products. IVIG-associated reactions exhibited the highest serologic yields (in 48% of cases, or in 70% of non-O type recipients), with 60% experiencing some degree of hemolysis. Conclusion: A fifth of reactions were either over-tested or under-tested. Analysis of the performance and contextual yields of serologic tests revealed that certain products and presentations merit greater attention while others merit less. The IAT is a greater priority than the DAT in HRF and CRR following RBC, while the DAT alone is informative in isoagglutinin-risk cases, irrespective of presentation type, and with predictable eluate specificities. A re-evaluation of traditional serologic testing reflexes may reduce costs and allow re-investment in other more informative reaction-specific assays. Table Table. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Finning, Kirstin, and Geoff Daniels. "Molecular blood grouping." Transfusion and Apheresis Science 50, no. 2 (April 2014): 146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2014.02.010.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Blood Grouping and Crossmatchi"

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Irving, Gordon. "A survey of blood and blood component usage amongst South African anaesthetists in teaching hospital practice." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26279.

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Rund, Robin Lindsay. "Study of elective surgical blood usage at Groote Schuur Hospital." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25796.

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Leader, K. A. "Preparation of monoclonal anti-D antibodies from EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines and their in vitro functional activity." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278929.

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Fiddes, Jane L. Sutton Biotechnology &amp Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Development of recombinant human monoclonal antibodies suitable for blood grouping using antibody engineering techniques." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40503.

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Transfusion medicine is an important part of modern health care and the provision of reliably phenotyped red blood cells (RBC) is essential for safe and effective blood transfusions. For identification of many RBC antigens, monoclonal antibodies of either murine or human origin are available for use in agglutination assays, in which they perform as well as or better than the human polyclonal antibody preparations which they have replaced. However, the detection of some blood groups is still reliant on the use of human polyclonal antisera, which is a less reliable reagent source with respect to availability, batch to batch variation and bio-safety. The use of recombinant antibody and phage display technology for the discovery of new monoclonal antibodies with specificity for some of these RBC antigens has the potential to deliver an economical, unlimited supply of specific antibody reagents suitable for use in RBC phenotyping. Samples of human B cells from donors producing useful phenotyping antibodies were identified and transformed using Epstein Barr virus into lymphocyte cell lines. Antibody genes were obtained from the cell lines in the form ofRNA which was reverse transcribed, amplified by PCR and cloned into a phagemid vector system to generate several combinatorial antibody libraries. These antibody libraries were displayed on the surface of phage particles and subjected to antigen-driven selection by several rounds of phage display biopanning using soluble and cell based RBC antigens. In addition a large naIve library was biopanned against the same antigens in an attempt to isolate a wide range of antibodies suitable for blood typing. Several high quality combinatorial antibody libraries with respect to size (> 107 clones) and diversity were generated. Biopanning of recombinant libraries resulted in enrichment of phage antibodies specific for RBC antigens, and several clones were isolated which were shown to be specific for Duffy a antigen. The isolated antibodies would be ideal candidates for re-engineering into multivalent antibody molecules capable of direct agglutination of RBC and as such, have the potential to replace human polyclonal sera in the identification of Duffy a RBC antigen phenotyping.
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Sheehan, C. P. "The application of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to ABH grouping in forensic science." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381661.

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Books on the topic "Blood Grouping and Crossmatchi"

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Modern blood banking & transfusion practices. 6th ed. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis, 2012.

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M, Dawson Maureen, and Hamer D, eds. Transfusion science. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999.

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V, Rudman Sally, ed. Textbook of blood banking and transfusion medicine. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1995.

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Whitlock, Sheryl. Immunohematology. Albany: Delmar Publishers, 1997.

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Denise, Harmening, ed. Modern blood banking and transfusion practices. 5th ed. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis, 2005.

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Petrides, Marian. Practical guide to transfusion medicine. 2nd ed. Bethesda, Md: AABB Press, 2007.

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1931-, Rossi Ennio Claudio, and Simon Toby L, eds. Rossi's principles of transfusion medicine. 4th ed. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Blackwell, 2009.

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F, Murphy Michael, and Pamphilon Derwood H, eds. Practical transfusion medicine. 3rd ed. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.

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T, Johnson Susan, Storry Jill, Judd W. John, and American Association of Blood Banks., eds. Judd's methods in immunohematology. 3rd ed. Bethesda, MD: AABB Press, 2008.

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Clinical immunohematology: Basic concepts and clinical applications. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Blood Grouping and Crossmatchi"

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Sell, Ana Maria, and Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer. "Blood Grouping Based on PCR Methods and Agarose Gel Electrophoresis." In Molecular Typing of Blood Cell Antigens, 37–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2690-9_4.

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Eriksen, B., J. Dissing, M. Thymann, and O. Svensmark. "Comparison of DNA-Profiling and Classical Blood Grouping in Criminal Cases." In Advances in Forensic Haemogenetics, 84–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78782-9_14.

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Chen, Zeqi, Yan Tang, Haoran Lin, Zhiyuan Yin, Junyu Fang, and Tao Pan. "Grouping Modeling Strategy for Hematocrit Analysis with Blood Vis-NIR Spectroscopy." In Sense the Real Change: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Near Infrared Spectroscopy, 193–98. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4884-8_20.

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Oakley, K., and Madeleine Smith. "Appendix: Memorandum on Blood Grouping: Requirements of British Museum (Natural History)." In Novartis Foundation Symposia, 246–47. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470715246.app1.

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Mannessier, L. "Patients’s ABO-D Blood Grouping and Phenotyping with Monoclonal Antibodies and Micromethods." In Neue Entwicklungen in der Transfusionsmedizin, 181. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77443-0_18.

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Kashiwade, H., B. Kagehara, T. Shoji, T. Takagi, M. Kajiwara, and Y. Sato. "ABO Blood Grouping of Old Blood Stains by Ultra Micro Reverse Agglutination with Monoclonal Anti-A, -B Antibodies." In Advances in Forensic Haemogenetics, 623–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78782-9_176.

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Hoste, Bernadette M. "Advantages of Enzyme Immuno Assay After Blotting in Blood Stain Grouping. Application to the Gc Subtypes." In Advances in Forensic Haemogenetics, 382–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71150-3_83.

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Kimura, A., T. Uda, S. Nakashima, M. Osawa, H. Ikeda, S. Yasuda, and T. Tsuji. "ABO Blood Grouping and Species Identification of Bloodstains by Sandwich ELISA Using Monoclonal Antibody Specific for Human Erythrocyte Band 3." In Advances in Forensic Haemogenetics, 437–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77324-2_132.

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Maheshwari, Nanda. "Technique of Blood Grouping and Crossmatching." In Clinical Pathology, Haematology and Blood Banking (For DMLT Students), 148. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10143_32.

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Maheshwari, Nanda. "Technique of Blood Grouping and Crossmatching." In Clinical Pathology, Hematology and Blood Banking (For DMLT Students), 310. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12973_41.

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Conference papers on the topic "Blood Grouping and Crossmatchi"

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G, Rajesh, G. Vaidhik Reddy, B. Bharath Sai, T. Afrid, A. Naga Seshu, and S. Vamsi Krishna Reddy. "Blood Phenotyping and Grouping based on Plate Test using Image Processing Strategies." In 2022 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccci54379.2022.9741039.

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Saville, Kirsty, Julie Jeffery, and Katie McGoohan. "P57 An innovative way of working within the Covid 19 Pandemic trialling the use of the Eldon Blood Typing Kit for ABO and Rh blood grouping within the Living Donor Liver Transplant Program at Leeds Teaching Hospitals." In Abstracts of the British Association for the Study of the Liver Annual Meeting, 20–23 September 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2022-basl.108.

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