Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Blood lipids – Analysis'

Incorporating the best findings from current, high-quality research into routine clinical practice is the basis of evidence-based care. Chapter 1: "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Evidence-Based Care" is a review of the systematic review process, including meta-analysis, aimed at clinical professionals with limited statistical training. It advocates the use of the systematic review process, outlines some general techniques, and provides selected resources where individuals can acquire additional assistance. The typical steps involved include: formulating a clear research question, defining inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracting the data and assessing the study quality, summarizing and synthesizing the evidence, and then interpreting the findings. When effort is made to minimize bias and locate as many articles on a particular topic as possible, systematic reviews and meta-analyses can produce invaluable findings for evidence-based care. Chapter 2: "The Effect of Macronutrient Distribution on the Lipid Profile in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" describes a systematic review and meta-analysis that examined the impact total macronutrients had on blood lipid levels. This chapter builds upon the concepts introduced in chapter one, and assesses the effect of manipulating macronutrient distribution on the lipid profile of adults, and compares these effects to recommendations regarding macronutrients, such as the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs). Suggestions related to improving the quality of meta-analyses are also outlined, and supplemental analyses are provided at the end of the dissertation.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.
Background & aims: Several studies have examined the effect of vegetarian diets (VD) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) or its components, but findings have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies to assess the association between VD and MetS or its components (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], fasting glucose triglycerides, waist circumference [WC], HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C)) in adults. Methods: The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched. RCTs, cohort studies and cross-sectional studies evaluating the effects of VD on MetS or its components in adults, with omnivore diet as control group, were included. Random effects meta-analyses stratified by study design were employed to calculate pooled estimates. Results: A total of 71 studies (n = 103 008) met the inclusion criteria (6 RCTs, 2 cohorts, 63 cross-sectional). VD were not associated with MetS in comparison to omnivorous diet (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.50–1.85, p = 0.9) according to meta-analysis of five cross-sectional studies. Likewise, meta-analysis of RCTs and cohort studies indicated that consumption of VD were not associated with MetS components. Meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies demonstrated that VD were significantly associated with lower levels of SBP (mean difference [MD] −4.18 mmHg, 95%CI −5.57 to −2.80, p < 0.00001), DBP (MD −3.03 mmHg, 95% CI −4.93 to −1.13, p = 0.002), fasting glucose (MD −0.26 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.35to −0.17, p < 0.00001), WC (MD −1.63 cm, 95% CI −3.13 to −0.13, p = 0.03), and HDL-C (MD −0.05 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.07 to −0.03, p < 0.0001) in comparison to omnivorous diet. Heterogeneity of effects among cross-sectional studies was high. About, one-half of the included studies had high risk of bias. Conclusions: VD in comparison with omnivorous diet is not associated with a lower risk of MetS based on results of meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. The association between VD and lower levels of SBP, DBP, HDL-C, and fasting glucose is uncertain due to high heterogeneity across the cross-sectional studies. Larger and controlled studies are needed to evaluate the association between VD and MetS and its components.
Revisión por pares

INTRODUÇÃO:A rigidez arterial aumentada é um importante determinante do risco cardiovascular e um forte preditor de morbimortalidade. Além disso, estudos demonstram que o enrijecimento vascular pode estar associado a fatores genéticos e metabólicos. Portanto,os objetivos do presente estudo são determinar a herdabilidade da velocidade de onda de pulso (VOP) e avaliar a associação do perfil lipídico e do controle glicêmico com o fenótipo de rigidez arterial em uma população brasileira.MÉTODOS:Foram selecionados 1675 indivíduos (ambos os gêneros com idade entre 18 e 102 anos) distribuídos em 109 famílias residentes no município de Baependi-MG. A VOP carótida-femoral foi avaliada de forma não invasiva através de um dispositivo automático.As variáveis lipídicas e a glicemia de jejum foram determinadas pelo método enzimático colorimétrico. Os níveis de hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) foram determinados pelo método de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. As estimativas da herdabilidade da VOP foram calculadas utilizando-se a metodologia de componentes de variância implementadas no software SOLAR. RESULTADOS: A herdabilidade estimada para a VOP foi de 26%, sendo ajustada para idade, gênero, HbA1c e pressão arterial média. Os níveis de HbA1c foram associados a rigidez arterial, onde a elevação de uma unidade percentual da HbA1c representou um incremento de 54% na chance de risco para rigidez arterial aumentada. As variáveis lipídicas (LDL-c, HDL-c, colesterol não- HDL-c, colesterol total e triglicérides) apresentaram fraca correlação com a VOP. Além disso, uma análise de regressão linear estratificada para idade (ponto de corte >= 45 anos) demonstrou uma relação inversa entre LDL-c e VOP em mulheres com idade >= 45 anos. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados indicam que a VOP apresenta herdabilidade intermediária (26%); a HbA1c esta fortemente associada a rigidez arterial aumentada; o LDL-c é inversamente relacionado com a VOP em mulheres com idade >= 45 anos, possivelmente devido às alterações metabólicas associadas à falência ovariana
INTRODUCTION: Increased central arterial stiffness is an important determinant of cardiovascular risk and a strong predictor of morbimortality. Moreover, studies showed that vascular stiffening can be associated with genetic and metabolic factors. Thus, the aims of this study are to estimate the heritability of pulse wave velocity (PWV) and to assess the association of lipid profile and glycemic control with arterial stiffness in a sample from the Brazilian population. METHODS: For this study, 1675 individuals (both genders aged from 18 to 102 years) were selected and they were distributed within 109 families residents in the municipality of Baependi - MG. The PWV was measured with a non-invasive automatic device. Lipid profile parameters and fasting glucose were determined by enzymatic colorimetric method. HbA1c levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Variance component approaches implemented in the SOLAR software were applied to estimate the heritability of PWV. RESULTS: Heritability estimates for carotid-femoral PWV was 26%, after adjustment for age, gender, HbA1c, and mean blood pressure. HbA1c levels were associated with arterial stiffness and the elevation of a single unit percentage of HbA1c represented an increase of 54 % in the odds of increased arterial stiffness. The lipid variables (LDL-c, HDL-c, non-HDL-c, total cholesterol and triglycerides) presented weak correlation with PWV. In addition, a linear regression analysis stratified by age (cutoff >= 45 years) showed an inverse relation between LDL-c and PWV in women aged 45 or older. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that PWV demonstrated an intermediate heritability (26%); HbA1c proved to be a good marker for risk stratification for increased arterial stiffness; LDL-c was inversely related with PWV in women aged 45 or older, possibly due to the metabolic alterations associated with ovarian failure

Eukaryotic platelets are small cell fragments that are released into the bloodstream from megakaryocytes, and their production is initiated in the bone marrow. They are mainly involved in blood hemostasis and thrombus formation. The newly synthesized platelets are called reticulated platelets or young platelets. Zebrafish thrombocytes are equivalent to mammalian platelets and have similar characteristics and functions. Likewise, zebrafish has both young and mature thrombocytes. Only young thrombocytes as reticulated platelets are labeled with thiazole orange. Similarly, labeling zebrafish thrombocytes with a specific concentration of DiI-C18 showed two populations of thrombocytes (DiI+ and DiI-). Again, only young thrombocytes showed DiI+ labeling. The mechanism of selective labeling of young thrombocytes by is unknown. Furthermore, there is no zebrafish line where young and mature thrombocytes are differentially labeled with fluorescence proteins. Therefore, in this study, we identified and confirmed that the RFP labeled cells of Glofish were young thrombocytes. In addition, we found that myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) promoter is expressed in young thrombocytes. We also generated a transgenic zebrafish line, GloFli fish, where the young and mature thrombocytes are labeled with red and green fluorescence proteins respectively. Furthermore, this study showed a two-fold increase in glycerol-phospholipids (GP) in mature thrombocytes compared to young thrombocytes suggesting the lipid composition may be important for differential labeling. Therefore, we tested the liposomes prepared with different ratios of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and observed that the lower amounts of PE favor the DiI-C18 labeling whereas higher concentrations of PC are less efficient. Also, in both PE and PC, increased concentrations of both resulted in decreased binding. These results are consistent with our observation that mature thrombocytes have higher concentrations GP and thus DiI-C18 may not bind to them efficiently compared to young thrombocytes.

Doutoramento em Bioquímica
The work presented in this thesis aimed to investigate the impact of healthy pregnancy and selected prenatal disorders on the metabolome and lipidome of maternal blood plasma, in order to define new potential biomarkers for non-invasive prediction and diagnosis. Chapter 1 describes the present status and challenges of the clinically relevant prenatal disorders, along with a presentation of the metabolomics strategy applied and the state of the art of metabolomics in prenatal research. All experimental details are described in Chapter 2, comprising sample metadata, sample collection and preparation, data acquisition protocols and data analysis procedures. The plasma metabolome and lipidome viewed by 1D and 2D NMR experiments are presented in Chapter 3. In this chapter, the use of Multiple Quantum NMR spectroscopy was explored, for the first time, for assignment of complex lipid mixtures. Chapter 4 contributes to filling in some existing gaps regarding human plasma degradability during handling and storage, as well as the importance of fasting conditions at collection. The use of heparin collection tubes resulted in no interference of the polysaccharide and full conservation of spectral information, while EDTA tubes produced a number of interfering signals from free and Ca2+/Mg2+ complexed EDTA, the impact of which on metabolomic analysis is discussed. Regarding temperature stability, large changes in lipoproteins and choline compounds were observed in plasma kept at room temperature for  2.5 hours, whereas short-term storage at -20ºC was found suitable up to 7 days, with storage at -80ºC being recommended, particularly for long-term periods (at least up to 2.5 years). Regarding freeze-thaw cycles, no more than 3 consecutive cycles were found advisable, while the use of non-fasting conditions (instead of fasting) was found acceptable. Chapter 5 presents the first NMR metabolomics study of maternal plasma throughout pregnancy, including correlation between plasma and urine metabolites. Some of the metabolic alterations observed confirmed known metabolic effects, while novel changes were observed, suggesting adjustments in energy and gut microflora metabolisms (citrate, lactate and dimethyl sulfone) and alterations in glomerular filtration rate (creatine and creatinine). Correlations studies unveiled specific lipoprotein/protein metabolic aspects of healthy pregnancy with impact on the excreted metabolome, providing further understanding of pregnancy metabolism. In Chapter 6, the impact of prenatal disorders on maternal plasma metabolome and lipidome is described for fetal chromosomal disorders (CD), including Trisomy 21 (T21). High classification rates were obtained for CD (88-89%) and T21 (85-92%) in 1st and 2nd trimesters, based on variable selection of NMR data. In addition, novel metabolic deviations were found through plasma/urine correlations, namely in low density and very low density lipoproteins (LDL+VLDL), sugar and gut microflora metabolisms. Changes in plasma phospholipid profile, namely in phosphatidylcholines, were further confirmed and characterised by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HILIC-LC/MS). In Chapter 7, metabolic biomarkers of pre- and post-diagnosis GDM were sought by NMR metabolomics of whole maternal plasma and plasma lipid profile in the 2nd trimester. Metabolic alterations found to be predictive of GDM comprised increases in cholesterol, fatty acids, triglycerides and small metabolites changes in glucose, amino acids, betaine, urea, creatine and metabolites related with gut microflora. Post-diagnosis GDM was successfully classified using a 26-resonance plasma biomarker corresponding to 10 metabolites and lipids, advancing the possibility of using a multi-metabolite biomarker as a complementary tool in the clinical management of GDM. Chapter 8 describes the results obtained for prenatal disorders shown to have lower impact on maternal plasma metabolome, namely diagnosed fetal malformations and pre-diagnosis premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery and preeclampsia. Finally, Chapter 9 describes the general conclusions and future perspectives in the context of this thesis, highlighting how this work contributes with new knowledge on prenatal disease mechanisms and possible biomarkers for prenatal diagnosis and prediction methods.
O trabalho apresentado nesta tese teve como principal objetivo investigar o impacto da gravidez saudável e algumas doenças pré-natais no metaboloma e lipidoma de plasma sanguíneo materno, com vista à definição de novos biomarcadores para a previsão e diagnóstico não invasivos daquelas doenças. O Capítulo 1 descreve a perspectiva atual e os desafios das doenças pré-natais mais relevantes, assim como a estratégia metabolómica e estado da arte na investigação pré-natal. Todos os detalhes experimentais do trabalho realizado estão descritos no Capítulo 2, incluindo as condições de amostragem, recolha e preparação das amostras, bem como os protocolos de aquisição e análise dos dados. No Capítulo 3 descreve-se o metaboloma e lipidoma de plasma detectados por RMN 1D e 2D. Neste capítulo, a utilização de espectroscopia de RMN de quantum-múltiplo foi explorada, pela primeira vez, para caracterização de misturas lipídicas complexas. O Capítulo 4 contribui para colmatar algumas falhas no conhecimento sobre a degradibilidade do plasma humano durante o manuseamento da amostra e armazenamento, e a importância de condições de colheita como o jejum. A utilização de tubos de colheita com heparina não mostrou interferência do polissacarídeo nos espectros conservando-se toda a informação espectral, enquanto que os tubos com EDTA deram origem a sinais interferentes provenientes do EDTA livre e complexado com Ca2+/Mg2+, cujo impacto na análise metabolómica é discutido. Relativamente à estabilidade do plasma à temperatura ambiente, foram observadas alterações nas lipoproteínas e compostos de colina a partir de 2.5 horas, enquanto que o armazenamento a -20ºC mostrou ser adequado até 7 dias, sendo o armazenamento a -80ºC aconselhado, particularmente para períodos de tempo longos (pelo menos até 2.5 anos). Relativamente aos ciclos de congelação-descongelação, não se aconselham mais de 3 ciclos consecutivos, enquanto que o efeito da colheita das amostras em não-jejum (em vez de jejum) foi considerado aceitável. O Capítulo 5 apresenta o primeiro estudo de metabolómica por RMN do plasma materno ao longo da gravidez, incluindo correlação entre plasma e urina. Algumas das alterações metabólicas observadas confirmaram efeitos metabólicos conhecidos, tendo outras sido observadas pela primeira vez sugerindo alterações no metabolismo energético, na microflora bacteriana (citrato, lactato e dimetil sulfona) e na taxa de filtração glomerular (creatina e creatinina). Os estudos de correlação revelaram aspetos metabólicos específicos das lipoproteínas/proteínas com impacto no metaboloma excretado. No Capítulo 6 descreve-se o impacto das doenças cromossómicas (CD), incluindo Trissomia 21 (T21) no metaboloma e lipidoma de plasma materno. Obtiveram-se elevadas taxas de classificação para CD (88-89%) e T21 (85-92%) no 1º e 2º trimestres baseadas na seleção de variáveis dos dados de RMN. A correlação de plasma e urina revelou novos desvios metabólicos, nomeadamente no metabolismo das lipoproteínas de baixa densidade e de muito baixa densidade (LDL+VLDL), dos açúcares e da microflora bacteriana. As alterações observadas no perfil de fosfolípidos do plasma, nomeadamente das fosfatidilcolinas, foram confirmadas e caracterizadas por cromatografia liquida hidrofílica acoplada a espetrometria de massa (HILIC-LC/MS). No Capítulo 7 apresentam-se os resultados obtidos na prospecção de biomarcadores metabólicos de diabetes mellitus gestacional (GDM) pré- e pós-diagnóstico por metabolómica de RMN de plasma materno do 2º trimestre. Observaram-se alterações metabólicas com poder de previsão de GDM, nomeadamente um aumento no colesterol, ácidos gordos, triglicerídeos e pequenas variações metabólicas na glucose, aminoácidos, betaína, ureia, creatina e metabolitos relacionados com a microflora bacteriana. O grupo de GDM pós-diagnóstico foi bem classificado utilizando como biomarcador um conjunto de 26 ressonâncias do espectro de plasma correspondendo a lípidos e 10 metabolitos de baixo peso molecular, sugerindo-se a possibilidade de usar este marcador conjunto na gestão clínica da GDM. O Capítulo 8 descreve os resultados obtidos para as doenças pré-natais que mostraram ter um menor impacto no metaboloma de plasma materno, nomeadamente as malformações fetais (FM), e os estados de pré-diagnóstico da rutura prematura das membranas (PROM), parto pré-termo (PTD) e pré-eclampsia. Finalmente, no Capítulo 9 são descritas as conclusões gerais e perspetivas futuras no contexto desta tese, realçando-se como este trabalho contribui para o novo conhecimento dos mecanismos das doenças pré-natais e possíveis biomarcadores para a sua previsão e diagnóstico.

Newborn screening programs measure analyte levels in neonatal blood spots to identify individuals at high risk of disease. Carnitine and acylcarnitine levels are primary markers used in the detection of fatty acid oxidation disorders. These analytes may be influenced by certain pre/perinatal or newborn screening related factors. The primary objective of this study was to explore the association between these characteristics and levels of blood carnitines and acylcarnitines in the newborn population. The study was composed of two parts: a systematic review and a clinical database analysis of existing newborn screening data. The systematic review results suggested considerable variability across studies in the presence and directionality of associations between analyte levels and birth weight, gestational age, age at time of blood spot collection, type of sample, and storage time. Sex was not significantly associated with carnitine or acylcarnitine levels in neonatal blood. We identified a need to more fully investigate a potential interaction between gestational age and birth weight in regard to analyte levels. The secondary data analyses indicated a statistically significant relationship between analyte levels and all perinatal / infant and newborn screening related factors of interest, but effect sizes were generally small. The interaction between gestational age and birth weight was significant in all models; when further explored through graphical analysis with conditional means, extremely premature neonates stood out as having distinct analyte patterns in relation to birth weight. Variation in the ratio of total acylcarnitine to free carnitine was better accounted for by the perinatal and newborn factors than was variation in any individual carnitine or acylcarnitine, indicating that proportions of carnitine and acylcarnitines may be more important in understanding an individual’s metabolic functioning than individual analyte levels. A low proportion of variation was explained in all multivariate models, supporting the use of universal algorithms in newborn screening and suggesting the need for further large scale empirical research targeted at previously unaccounted for perinatal factors such as birth stress.

Introduction: The relationship between pancreatitis and dyslipidaemia is unclear and has never been studied in a South African context. Patients and methods: A prospective evaluation of all admissions with acute pancreatitis to a regional hospital general surgical service was performed to ascertain its relationship to dyslipidaemia. Aetiology was determined by history and ultrasound assessment. Disease severity was assessed using a modified Imrie score and an organ failure score. Body mass index was calculated. A lipid profile was obtained. Abnormal profiles were repeated. Secondary causes of dyslipidaemia were noted. A comparison of the demographic profile, aetiology, disease severity scores, complications and deaths were made in relationship to the lipid profiles. Results: From June 2001 to May 2005, there were 230 admissions, of whom 31% were women and 69% men. The median age was 38 years(range 13- 73). The pancreatitis was associated with alcohol in 146(63%), gallstones in 42(19%) and idiopathic in 27(12%). The amylase was significantly higher with a gallstone aetiology (p
Thesis (MMedSc)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006.

by Peng Xiu Hong.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-81).
Abstract also in Chinese.
Acknowledgment --- p.i
List of abbreviations --- p.v
List of Tables --- p.vii
Legend for figures --- p.x
Abstract (English) --- p.xi
(Chinese) --- p.xiv
Chapter PART ONE. --- INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY --- p.1
Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction and aim of study --- p.2
Chapter Chapter 2. --- Biological background --- p.7
Chapter Chapter 3. --- Literature reviews on serum fatty acids studies --- p.16
Chapter Chapter 4. --- Subjects and methods --- p.25
Chapter PART TWO. --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION --- p.34
Chapter Chapter 5. --- Omnivore adults --- p.35
Chapter 5.1. --- Results --- p.37
Chapter 5.1.1 --- Results on serum fatty acid composition in different groups --- p.37
Chapter 5.1.2 --- Results on correlation of serum fatty acid composition with serum lipids and diet --- p.38
Chapter 5.2. --- Discussion --- p.41
Chapter Chapter 6. --- Omnivore children --- p.46
Chapter 6.1. --- Results --- p.48
Chapter 6.1.1 --- "Results on serum fatty acid composition, lipids and body fatness in the omnivore children" --- p.48
Chapter 6.1.2 --- Results on correlation of serum fatty acids with blood lipids and body fatness --- p.49
Chapter 6.2. --- Discussion --- p.50
Chapter Chapter 7. --- Vegetarians --- p.52
Chapter 7.1. --- Results --- p.53
Chapter 7.1.1 --- Results on serum fatty acid composition in vegetarian adults and children --- p.54
Chapter 7.1.2 --- Results on comparison of serum fatty acids in vegetarians to omnivores --- p.54
Chapter 7.1.3 --- "Results on dietary intake, blood lipids and their correlation with serum lipids in vegetarian adults" --- p.53
Chapter 7.2 --- Discussion --- p.57
Chapter Chapter 8. --- Conclusion --- p.61
References --- p.63
Tables and figures --- p.81
Appendix: Distribution of serum fatty acids analyzed by Gas-Liquid Chromatography --- p.118

碩士
亞洲大學
健康產業管理學系長期照護組碩士在職專班
105
Hyperlipidemia is a common chronic diseases in our country, and Hyperlipidemia disorder has a close relationship with risk factors in life pattern. Therefore, changes in diet and lifestyle adjustments not only early prevent heart and cerebrovascular diseases, but also avoid complications due to poor blood lipids control or long-term taking medication. The purpose of this study is to explore effects of Pu'er tea on blood lipids lowering in Hyperlipidemia patients by means of systematic review and meta-analysis. Among 763identified publications, 35 papers were eligible for systemic review and 10 papers were eligible for meta- analysis. In our result of meta-analysis,Pu-erh tea significantly lowered total cholesterol by 0.49mmol/l in animal and human study.Pu-erh tea significantly lowered triglyceride by 0.37mmol/l in animal and human study.Pu-erh tea significantly lowered low density lipoprotein by 0.52 mmol/l in animal and human study . Pu-erh tea significantly increased high density lipoprotein by 0.23 mmol/l  in animal and human study.The result of our study demonstrated drinking Pu-erh tea can lower blood lipid.

碩士
中臺科技大學
護理系碩士班
104
Blood lipid profiles have recently become a routine test for cardiovascular risk. It is consists of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyserides. Hyperlipidemia is the main major of cardiovascular disease (CVDs). The conventional medicine of hyperlipidemia has many adverse effects such as constipation, dyspepsia, diarrhea, gallstone and sinusitis. One of the complementary and alternative medicines for hyperlipidemia is cupping therapy. The advantages of the cupping therapy are safety, limited of side effects and low costs. The purpose of this study was to know the effect of cupping therapy on blood lipid profiles. This study was followed according to the guidelines of the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. A systematic review was conducted by using keywords such as cupping therapy, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides to search related literatures at databases including Cochrane, Web of Science, Science Direct, Springer, Google Scholar, PubMed, ProQuest and EBSCO (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Academic Search, ERIC and LISTA). A total five studies were included in systematic review. However, only two studies were included in meta analysis. Jadad scale was used to assess the methodological quality of trials included in systematic review. A meta analysis of selected studies was performed using RevMan-5 and only performed on total cholesterol outcome . The overall effect size was -34.22 (95%CI [-47.49, -20.95], p < 0.00001). Cupping therapy showed significantly effect on total cholesterol. The limitation of study was only few studies available for inclusion of the study.

碩士
國立屏東教育大學
應用數學系
99
This research goal is to treat the obese patients with medicine Reductil, and explore how mediciation, gender, age, and initial condition affect the decrement of obese target, insulin, lipid or blood pressure in dieting course. The result of the path analysis divides obese target into three categories. The first is to see if the decrement of BMI, waist, and subcutaneous fat is influenced only by medication and initial condition. The second is to exam if the decrement of body fat is affected by medication, initial condition, and gender. The third is to study if the decrement of waist to hip ratio is changed by medication, initial condition, gender, and age. According to the result of path analysis, the lipid or blood pressure can be classified into two kinds. The first kind is that the decrement of LDL, triglyceride, diastolic pressure, and cholesterol is only influenced by initial condition. The second kind is that the decrement of HDL and systolic pressure is affected by gender and initial condition. Insulin is divided into three kinds. The first is the decrement of insulin affected by age and initial value of insulin when obese target is BMI, waist or waist to hip ratio. The second is the decrement of insulin affected by age, initial value of insulin, and decrement of subcutaneous fat in twelve weeks when obese target is subcutaneous fat. The third is the decrement of insulin affected by gender, age, insulin value of insulin, and decrement of body fat in twelve weeks when obese target is body fat.

ML (MD-2-related lipid-recognition) domain containing proteins are recognized as immune-related molecules. They do not belong among well-studied proteins in ticks although their occurence is quite often. Generally, ML proteins are involved in innate immunity processes, lipid binding and transport. Usually, expression of tick ML domain containing proteins is induced by blood feeding. Two members of the ML protein family, ML-domain containing protein and Der-p2 allergen-like protein were isolated from Ixodes ricinus and characterized for the first time.

Point of care (POC) diagnosis is essential in personalized treatment to obtain effective clinical outcomes when the patient is on site. And Mass spectrometry (MS) system promotes the applications of rapid sampling ionization, which could be a tool for fast disease determination. In this thesis, a miniature MS system was firstly developed for POC tissue analysis. Lipid profile in rat organs were demonstrated. By coupling with online Paternò–Büchi (PB) reaction, fast determination of lipid C=C bond location isomers was realized. The system was applied to quantitatively analyze the change of lipid C=C location isomers between mouse normal and cancerous samples. The intensity ratio of fatty acid 18:1 (D9) and 18:1 (D11) in wild type breast tissue was calculated to be 2.881, while the ratio in tumor breast tissue was 0.667. The direct sampling-based miniature MS system is potential for POC analysis of lipid profiles and lipid biomarkers discovery.

Secondly, an integration of paper-capillary spray and MS make it possible to analyze dried blood samples instantly in clinical laboratory and hospital. Quantitation of ratio between deuterate Phenylalanine and deuterate Tyrosine was achieved by using paper spray and paper-capillary spray MS directly, without any pretreatment of blood samples. Furthermore, these methods could generate calibration curves which enable the calculation of Phenylalanine concentration in whole human blood within 60 seconds. This disposable design is a promising application for point-of-care (POC) PKU analysis in newborn screening.

At last, an increased in free fatty acids (FFAs) of cereals was observed during storage, and a simple and direct rice quality assessment was performed using nanoESI (Nano-Electrospray Ionization) mass spectrometry method. Six fatty acids including palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids were compared between different rice species, growth regions and harvest years. 2D and 3D linear discriminant analysis (LDA) methods were deployed and a good sample separation was achieved. This direct sampling method of extracting FAs from rice surface combined with MS is suitable for industrial use in rapid identification for large number of samples.