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Trentalance, A., G. Bruscalupi, L. Conti Devirgiliis, S. Leoni, M. T. Mangiantini, L. Rossini, S. Spagnuolo, and S. K. Erickson. "Changes in lipoprotein binding and uptake by hepatocytes during rat liver regeneration." Bioscience Reports 9, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01116000.
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The binding and uptake of cholesterol enriched lipoproteins by isolated hepatocytes was decreased at 16 hours after partial hepatectomy, with a tendency to return to control values as the regeneration proceeds. The number of lipoprotein binding sites of total cellular membranes remained similar to control at 16 and 24 hours. The plasma lipoprotein pattern, determined by electrophoretic analysis, showed a lower per cent of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and a higher per cent of low density lipoproteins (LDL) at 16 and 24 hours post-partial hepatectomy. At these times, plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity was decreased. It is intriguing to suggest that the regenerating liver could regulated the blood lipoprotein pattern and the uptake of lipoproteins by modulating the surface expression of the receptors.
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Rose, Jeffrey R., Maureen A. Mullarkey, William J. Christ, Lynn D. Hawkins, Melvyn Lynn, Yoshito Kishi, Kishor M. Wasan, Kathy Peteherych, and Daniel P. Rossignol. "Consequences of Interaction of a Lipophilic Endotoxin Antagonist with Plasma Lipoproteins." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.44.3.504-510.2000.
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ABSTRACT E5531, a novel synthetic lipid A analogue, antagonizes the toxic effects of lipopolysaccharide, making it a potential intravenously administered therapeutic agent for the treatment of sepsis. This report describes the distribution of E5531 in human blood and its activity when it is associated with different lipoprotein subclasses. After in vitro incubation of [14C]E5531 with blood, the great majority (>92%) of material was found in the plasma fraction. Analysis by size-exclusion and affinity chromatographies and density gradient centrifugation indicates that [14C]E5531 binds to lipoproteins, primarily high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), with distribution into low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) being dependent on the plasma LDL or VLDL cholesterol concentration. Similar results were also seen in a limited study of [14C]E5531 administration to human volunteers. The potency of E5531 in freshly drawn human blood directly correlates to increasing LDL cholesterol levels. Finally, preincubation of E5531 with plasma or purified lipoproteins indicated that binding to HDL resulted in a time-dependent loss of drug activity. This loss in activity was not observed with drug binding to LDLs or to VLDLs or chylomicrons. Taken together, these results indicate that E5531 binds to plasma lipoproteins, making its long-term antagonistic potency dependent on the plasma lipoprotein composition.
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Ohkawa, Ryunosuke, Hann Low, Nigora Mukhamedova, Ying Fu, Shao-Jui Lai, Mai Sasaoka, Ayuko Hara, et al. "Cholesterol transport between red blood cells and lipoproteins contributes to cholesterol metabolism in blood." Journal of Lipid Research 61, no. 12 (September 9, 2020): 1577–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.ra120000635.
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Lipoproteins play a key role in transport of cholesterol to and from tissues. Recent studies have also demonstrated that red blood cells (RBCs), which carry large quantities of free cholesterol in their membrane, play an important role in reverse cholesterol transport. However, the exact role of RBCs in systemic cholesterol metabolism is poorly understood. RBCs were incubated with autologous plasma or isolated lipoproteins resulting in a significant net amount of cholesterol moved from RBCs to HDL, while cholesterol from LDL moved in the opposite direction. Furthermore, the bi-directional cholesterol transport between RBCs and plasma lipoproteins was saturable and temperature-, energy-, and time-dependent, consistent with an active process. We did not find LDLR, ABCG1, or scavenger receptor class B type 1 in RBCs but found a substantial amount of ABCA1 mRNA and protein. However, specific cholesterol efflux from RBCs to isolated apoA-I was negligible, and ABCA1 silencing with siRNA or inhibition with vanadate and Probucol did not inhibit the efflux to apoA-I, HDL, or plasma. Cholesterol efflux from and cholesterol uptake by RBCs from Abca1+/+ and Abca1−/− mice were similar, arguing against the role of ABCA1 in cholesterol flux between RBCs and lipoproteins. Bioinformatics analysis identified ABCA7, ABCG5, lipoprotein lipase, and mitochondrial translocator protein as possible candidates that may mediate the cholesterol flux. Together, these results suggest that RBCs actively participate in cholesterol transport in the blood, but the role of cholesterol transporters in RBCs remains uncertain.
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Levels, J. H. M., P. R. Abraham, A. van den Ende, and S. J. H. van Deventer. "Distribution and Kinetics of Lipoprotein-Bound Endotoxin." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 2821–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.5.2821-2828.2001.
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ABSTRACT Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major glycolipid component of gram-negative bacterial outer membranes, is a potent endotoxin responsible for pathophysiological symptoms characteristic of infection. The observation that the majority of LPS is found in association with plasma lipoproteins has prompted the suggestion that sequestering of LPS by lipid particles may form an integral part of a humoral detoxification mechanism. Previous studies on the biological properties of isolated lipoproteins used differential ultracentrifugation to separate the major subclasses. To preserve the integrity of the lipoproteins, we have analyzed the LPS distribution, specificity, binding capacity, and kinetics of binding to lipoproteins in human whole blood or plasma by using high-performance gel permeation chromatography and fluorescent LPS of three different chemotypes. The average distribution of O111:B4, J5, or Re595 LPS in whole blood from 10 human volunteers was 60% (±8%) high-density lipoprotein (HDL), 25% (±7%) low-density lipoprotein, and 12% (±5%) very low density lipoprotein. The saturation capacity of lipoproteins for all three LPS chemotypes was in excess of 200 μg/ml. Kinetic analysis however, revealed a strict chemotype dependence. The binding of Re595 or J5 LPS was essentially complete within 10 min, and subsequent redistribution among the lipoprotein subclasses occurred to attain similar distributions as O111:B4 LPS at 40 min. We conclude that under simulated physiological conditions, the binding of LPS to lipoproteins is highly specific, HDL has the highest binding capacity for LPS, the saturation capacity of lipoproteins for endotoxin far exceeds the LPS concentrations measured in clinical situations, and the kinetics of LPS association with lipoproteins display chemotype-dependent differences.
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Garmish, O. "The nature of metabolic disorders of blood lipoproteins as the basis for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in patients with inflammatory joint diseases." Bukovinian Medical Herald 24, no. 4 (96) (November 26, 2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-0737.xxiv.4.96.2020.97.
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Objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of the metabolic disorders of lipids and lipoproteins (LP) in the blood in 112 patients with systemic rheumatic diseases.Material and methods. In all patients, the level of C-reactive protein (CRP), the content of malonic aldehyde (MA) in circulating monocytes, in blood plasma, and catalase activity were determined. The presence and severity of pro-atherogenic status were evaluated by the content of modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) in the blood, which was determined by the bioassay method using peritoneal mouse macrophages. The immunogenicity of modified LР was determined by the content in the circulating immune complexes (CIC) of cholesterol (Сhol) and triglycerides (TG). The spectrum of lipids and LP in the blood was evaluated in detail with an additional determination of the plasma level of proteins apoB and apoA-1 were determined.Results. The obtained results show the existence in the examined patients of significant systemic inflammation in conjunction with the distinct proatherogenic metabolic state that was revealed by lipoprotein modification with the appearance in them of auto-antigenic properties. These changes appeared despite the absence of significant traditional atherogenic risk factors. The results of the paired correlative analysis showed the existence of strong dependence between indexes of systemic inflammation, proatherogenic and immunogenic lipoprotein modification. Conclusions. When determining proatherogenic disorders of lipid and blood lipoproteins metabolism in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases, it is necessary to focus not on traditional risk factors, which may remain within normal values, but on the content of apoA-1, apoB proteins, their ratio, and the determination of modified lipoproteins blood and the severity of the autoimmune reaction to them.
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Arfuso, Francesca, Francesco Fazio, Michele Panzera, Claudia Giannetto, Simona Di Pietro, Elisabetta Giudice, and Giuseppe Piccione. "Lipid and lipoprotein profile changes in newborn calves in response to the perinatal period." Acta Veterinaria 67, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acve-2017-0003.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamic changes of serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles in 6 newborn calves during the first five days of life. From each calve blood sampling was performed daily starting from day 1 (after colostrum intake) until day 5 of life. Blood samples collected from each animal were tested for serum total lipids, phospholipids, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), triglycerides, very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs), total cholesterol (Total-Chol), high density lipoproteins (HDLs) and low density lipoproteins (LDLs). One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine the effect of days of life on the studied parameters in calves. A statistically significant effect of days of life was found on all serum lipid and lipoprotein indices measured in calves with the exception of NEFAs that showed unchanged values throughout the monitoring period. The changes observed in calves during the early postnatal period are most likely due to the transition in energy sources, from a maternal nutrient supply comprising mainly carbohydrates and amino acids to the colostrum and milk diet rich in fat.
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Reffuveille, Fany, Charlène Leneveu, Sylvie Chevalier, Yanick Auffray, and Alain Rincé. "Lipoproteins of Enterococcus faecalis: bioinformatic identification, expression analysis and relation to virulence." Microbiology 157, no. 11 (November 1, 2011): 3001–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.053314-0.
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Enterococcus faecalis is a ubiquitous bacterium that is capable of surviving in a broad range of natural environments, including the human host, as either a natural commensal or an opportunistic pathogen involved in severe hospital-acquired infections. How such opportunistic pathogens cause fatal infections is largely unknown but it is likely that they are equipped with sophisticated systems to perceive external signals and interact with eukaryotic cells. Accordingly, being partially exposed at the cell exterior, some surface-associated proteins are involved in several steps of the infection process. Among them are lipoproteins, representing about 25 % of the surface-associated proteins, which could play a major role in bacterial virulence processes. This review focuses on the identification of 90 lipoprotein-encoding genes in the genome of the E. faecalis V583 clinical strain and their putative roles, and provides a transcriptional comparison of microarray data performed in environmental conditions including blood and urine. Taken together, these data suggest a potential involvement of lipoproteins in E. faecalis virulence, making them serious candidates for vaccine production.
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Hata, M., T. Ito, and K. Ohwada. "Kinetic analysis of apolipoproteins in postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia rabbits." Laboratory Animals 43, no. 2 (April 2009): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/la.2008.007004.
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The postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia (PHT) rabbit, developed as a new animal model of metabolic syndrome, is characterized by PHT, central obesity and glucose intolerance. For detailed investigation of lipid metabolism characteristics in PHT rabbit, the plasma levels of apolipoproteins A-I, B, C-II, C-III and E were measured. Movements of apolipoproteins B100 and B48 were investigated using sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine whether postprandially increased triglyceride is exogenous or endogenous. The level of apolipoproteins A-I, B, C-II and E were increased in PHT rabbit after feeding. Apolipoproteins B100 and B48 were detected in the plasma fraction of d < 1.006 g/mL of the PHT rabbit. The postprandial increase in apolipoprotein B in the PHT rabbit reflects a numerical increase in lipoprotein particles in the blood; the increase in apolipoproteins C-II and E suggests some disturbance in lipoprotein catabolism. Apolipoprotein B48 was detected postprandially in PHT rabbits. These results suggest that delayed catabolism of exogenous lipids caused the retention of chylomicron remnants in the blood. Results also suggest that activities of the lipolytic enzyme lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase were deficient and that the hepatic uptake of exogenous lipoproteins was delayed in the PHT rabbit. Especially, for examining remnant hyperlipoproteinaemia in humans, PHT rabbit is an excellent animal model for hypertriglyceridaemia research.
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Et al., Alkhafajy. "A Molecular and Biochemical Study for Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) Taq1B in Iraqi Patients with Hyperlipidemia." Baghdad Science Journal 16, no. 3(Suppl.) (September 22, 2019): 0747. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2019.16.3(suppl.).0747.
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Cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene contains some single nucleotide polymorphisms, which have been associated with serum high-density lipoprotein concentration and other lipoproteins. This study is done for determining of cholesteryl ester transfer protein polymorphism and evaluate its effect on serum lipid profile concentrations in some hyperlipidemic patients compared with healthy subjects in Salah Al-din governorate-Iraq. Blood samples were taken from (90) patients suffering from hyperlipidemia, and (70) samples that were apparently healthy controls. Serum lipid concentrations were measured by enzymatic assays. The polymorphism was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The results showed that there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the frequency B2 allele, and B1B2, B2B2 genotype, and a significant increase (P<0.05) in the frequency B1 allele, and B1B1 genotype between patients and controls groups. There was a non-significant decrease in the levels of high density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, and very low density lipoproteins levels, and non-significant increase in levels of triglycerides in individuals with the B1B1 genotype than in the B1B2 and B2B2 genotype. However, high density lipoproteins showed a significant decrease (P<0.001) between individuals with the B1B1 genotype and B2B2 genotype. Also, there was a non-significant difference in the levels of high density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, and very low density lipoproteins levels, in individuals with the B1B2 genotype when compared with that of the B2B2 genotype.
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Dattilo, A. M., and P. M. Kris-Etherton. "Effects of weight reduction on blood lipids and lipoproteins: a meta-analysis." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56, no. 2 (August 1, 1992): 320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/56.2.320.
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Dedac-Delkic, Ana, Zorana Milovanovic, Anja Bozovic-Ilic, Anita Radovanovic, and Milica Kovacevic-Filipovic. "Effects of short-term fasting on lipid and lipoprotein concentrationes in healthy lean dogs." Veterinarski glasnik 72, no. 1 (2018): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl170917001d.
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Introduction. Analysis of canine lipoprotein fractions after agarose gel electrophoresis (agEF) separation could be an important diagnostic tool in primary and secondary dyslipidemia diagnosis. The aim of this study was to measure concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol and to analyze lipoprotein fractions in dogs after basal (12 hours) and short-term (24 and 36 hours) fasting, i.e., frequent conditions in clinical practice. Materials and Methods. Blood samples were collected from six lean dogs of both sexes and different breeds, after 12, 24 and 36 hours of fasting. Concentrations of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol were determined on an automated wet biochemistry analyzer, lipoprotein fractions were separated by agEF and leukocyte numbers were assessed on an automated hematology analyzer. Results and Conclusions. Results showed there was no significant change in glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations nor in leukocyte numbers during dog fasting. Moreover, there was no change in ?1- and ?2-fractions, but there was a significant decrease in pre?- and ?-fraction of lipoproteins. It is know that high density lipoproteins (HDL) have ?-mobility and very low density (VLDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) have pre?- and ?-mobility. Thus, it is possible that reverse cholesterol transport maintained by HDL is not affected during short-term fasting. On the contrary, synthesis of VLDL and formation of LDL are probably decreased because endogenous synthesis of triglycerides is decreased or their clearance is increased.
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Arfuso, Francesca, Francesco Fazio, Maria Levanti, Maria Rizzo, Simona Di Pietro, Elisabetta Giudice, and Giuseppe Piccione. "Lipid and lipoprotein profile changes in dairy cows in response to late pregnancy and the early postpartum period." Archives Animal Breeding 59, no. 4 (October 31, 2016): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-59-429-2016.
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Abstract. In dairy cows the peripartum period involves endocrine and metabolic changes to compensate for the increased energy requirement aggravated by reduced feed intake. Cows adjust to the resulting negative energy balance with the mobilization of lipids from adipose tissue that, if excessive, could lead to many transition disorders compromising the offspring's growth and well-being. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamic changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles in five dairy cows during the peripartum period. For each cow body condition score (BCS) and body weight (BW) measurements as well as blood sampling was carried out 60, 30 and 15 days before calving (−60, −30 and −15 BC), at calving day (C) and on days 15, 30 and 60 after calving (+15, +30 and +60 AC). Blood samples were tested for serum total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs), total cholesterol (Total-Chol), high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine the effect of the peripartum period on the studied parameters in cows. A statistically significant effect of the peripartum period (P < 0.05) was found in the values of BCS, BW and all serum lipid and lipoprotein indices measured in cows. The changes observed in lipid indices of peripartum cows could be due to the start of milking and the increase in energy consumption in the body, confirming that metabolic adjustments occur as cows move from the gestation to the lactation period.
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Rumley, Ann, John Norrie, Ian Ford, James Shepherd, Stuart Cobbe, Peter Macfarlane, Christopher Packard, and Gordon Lowe. "Blood Rheology, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Cardiovascular Disease: The West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 84, no. 10 (2000): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1614066.
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SummaryThe West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS) showed that pravastatin reduced the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) events in 6,595 middle-aged hypercholesterolaemic men aged 45–64 years without prior myocardial infarction followed for an average of 4.9 years. We hypothesised prospectively (a) that baseline levels of haemorheological variables were related to baseline and incident CHD and to mortality; and (b) that reduction in lipoproteins by pravastatin would lower plasma and blood viscosity, a potential contributory mechanism to CHD events. We therefore studied plasma and blood viscosity, fibrinogen, haematocrit, and blood cell counts at baseline and 1 year. At baseline, plasma and blood viscosity were related to risk factors, CHD measures, and claudication. On univariate analysis, baseline levels of all rheological variables (except platelet count) were related to incident CHD; CHD mortality; and total mortality. On multivariate analysis including baseline CHD and risk factors, plasma and blood viscosity, haematocrit and white cell count each remained significantly associated with incident CHD; while fibrinogen remained an independent predictor of mortality (all p < 0.03). After one year, lipoprotein reduction by pravastatin was associated with significant reductions (about one quarter of a standard deviation) in plasma viscosity (mean difference 0.02 mPa.s, p <0.001) and in blood viscosity (mean difference 0.06 mPa.s, p <0.001), but was not associated with significant changes in other rheological variables. We therefore suggest that pravastatin therapy, which reduces elevated lipoproteins in hypercholesterolaemic men, may lower risks of CHD and mortality partly by lowering plasma and blood viscosity. Further studies are required to test this hypothesis.
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Arfuso, Francesca, Claudia Giannetto, Maria Francesca Panzera, Francesco Fazio, and Giuseppe Piccione. "Uncoupling Protein-1 (UCP1) in the Adult Horse: Correlations with Body Weight, Rectal Temperature and Lipid Profile." Animals 11, no. 6 (June 20, 2021): 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061836.
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This study aimed to evaluate the possible relationship among UCP1, body weight, rectal temperature and lipid profile in the horse. Thirty clinically healthy Italian Saddle geldings (6–10 years old) were enrolled after the informed owners’ consent. All horses were blood sampled and their body weight and rectal temperatures were recorded. On the sera obtained after blood centrifugation the concentration of UCP1, total lipids, phospholipids, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDLs), low density lipoproteins (LDLs) and very low density lipoprotein fraction (VLDLs) was evaluated. Pearson’s correlation analysis was applied to assess the possible relationship between serum UCP1 concentration and the values of body weight, rectal temperature and lipid parameters. Serum UCP1 concentration showed no correlation with body weight, rectal temperature, HDLs and LDLs values, whereas it correlated negatively with serum total lipids, phospholipids, NEFAs, total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDLs values (p < 0.0001). The findings suggest that in the adult horse the role of UCP1 is linked to the lipid metabolism rather than to thermoregulation.
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Panth, Nisha, Kylie A. Abbott, Cintia B. Dias, Katie Wynne, and Manohar L. Garg. "Differential effects of medium- and long-chain saturated fatty acids on blood lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 108, no. 4 (September 18, 2018): 675–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy167.
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Abstract Background Medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MCFAs) may affect circulating lipids and lipoproteins differently than long-chain saturated fatty acids (LCSFAs), but the results from human intervention trials have been equivocal. Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether MCFAs and LCSFAs have differential impacts on blood lipids and lipoproteins. Design Five databases were searched (EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Scopus) until April 2018, and published clinical trials investigating the differential effects of dietary MCFAs and LCSFAs on blood lipids were included. Searches were limited to the English language and to studies with adults aged >18 y. Where possible, studies were pooled for meta-analysis using RevMan 5.2. The principle summary measure was the mean difference between groups calculated using the random-effects model. Results Eleven eligible crossover and 1 parallel trial were identified with a total of 299 participants [weighted mean ± SD age: 38 ± 3 y; weighted mean ± SD body mass index (kg/m2): 24 ± 2]. All studies were pooled for the meta-analysis. Diets enriched with MCFAs led to significantly higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations than diets enriched with LCSFAs (0.11 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.15 mmol/L) with no effect on triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and total cholesterol concentrations. Consumption of diets rich in MCFAs significantly increased apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) concentrations compared with diets rich in LCSFAs (0.08 g/L; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.14 g/L). There was no evidence of statistical heterogeneity for HDL cholesterol, apoA-I, and triglyceride concentrations; however, significant heterogeneity was observed for the total cholesterol (I2 = 49%) and LDL cholesterol analysis (I2 = 58%). Conclusion The findings of this research demonstrate a differential effect of MCFAs and LCSFAs on HDL cholesterol concentrations. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the mechanism by which the lipid profile is altered. This trial was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO as CRD42017078277.
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Dontsov, Aleksandr V. "The metabolic syndrome as factor of additional cardio vascular risk under ischemic heart disease." Medical Journal of the Russian Federation 22, no. 3 (June 15, 2016): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2106-2016-22-3-120-124.
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The sampling of 331 patients with ischemic heart disease was included in the study to evaluate biochemical, immunologic indicators of blood, affective condition. The analysis of blood serum of patients with ischemic heart disease revealed presence of increased levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin, insulin, HOMA-IR index, total oxidizing ability of blood, oxidized low-density lipoproteins, proinflammatory cytokines interleukins-1, interleukins-6, tumor necrosis factor, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, cortisol, lowered content of total cholesterol high-density lipoproteins, total antioxidant activity of blood, superoxiddismutase. Also, increased level of depression was established, especially expressed in case of presence of concomitant metabolic syndrome.
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Rains, S. G. H., G. A. Wilson, W. Richmond, and R. S. Elkeles. "The Reduction of Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol by Metformin is Maintained with Long-Term Therapy." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 82, no. 2 (February 1989): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688908200213.
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Changes in serum lipoproteins were studied in 14 non-insulin dependent diabetics on long-term metformin therapy, after 6 weeks' placebo, and again 6 weeks after restarting active drug therapy. Withdrawal of metformin resulted in a rise of fasting blood glucose, HbAl, serum total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Restarting the drug reversed these changes. Multivariate analysis showed that serum total and LDL cholesterol varied with treatment but not with glycaemic control Metformin can lower serum total and LDL cholesterol in non-insulin dependent diabetics and this effect is maintained long term.
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Afanasievа, O. I., E. A. Pylaeva, E. A. Klesareva, A. V. Potekhina, S. I. Provatorov, M. I. Afanasieva, T. L. Krasnikova, V. P. Masenko, T. I. Arefieva, and S. N. Pokrovsky. "Lipoprotein(a), its autoantibodies, and circulating T lymphocyte subpopulations as independent risk factors for coronary artery atherosclerosis." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 88, no. 9 (September 15, 2016): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/terarkh201688931-38.
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Aim. To study the role of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] as a potential autoantigen causing the activation of immunocompetent cells in atherosclerosis. Subjects and methods. A total of 104 men with stable coronary artery (CA) disease and different degrees of progressive coronary atherosclerosis were examined. Clinical blood analysis was carried out and lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4+, Th1, Th17, and Treg) were determined using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. In addition, the indicators of blood lipid composition, Lp(a), autoantibody (autoAb) titer to Lp(a), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and the lymphocyte activation marker sCD25 were also measured. Results. The Lp(a) level was shown to predict the severity of CA lesions (β=0.28, p
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Tang, Quan, Hua Liu, Xiao-Jie Shi, and Yong Cheng. "Blood Oxidative Stress Marker Aberrations in Patients with Huntington’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis Study." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (September 9, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9187195.
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Huntington’s disease (HD) is a hereditary autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. Although studies have shown that blood oxidative stress markers are dysregulated in HD patients, clinical data on the blood oxidative stress markers of HD patients is inconsistent. To better understand the pathogenesis of HD, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of blood oxidative stress markers in HD patients and healthy control (HC) subjects. A database search from PubMed and Web of Science identified 12 studies with 375 HD patients and 447 HC subjects in this meta-analysis. A random-effects meta-analysis showed that blood lipid peroxidation products (Hedges’ g=0.883, 95%CI=0.637 to 1.130, p<0.001), 8-hydroxyguanosine (Hedges’ g=1.727, 95%CI=0.489 to 2.965, p=0.006) levels, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (Hedges’ g=2.026, 95%CI=0.570 to 3.482, p=0.006) were significantly increased in HD patients compared to controls. In contrast, reduced glutathione levels were lower in HD patients than in controls (Hedges’ g=−0.611, 95%CI=−1.016 to−0.207, p=0.003). However, blood superoxide dismutase, cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides did not show significant differences between cases and controls. Taken together, this study clarified the associations between blood oxidative stress markers and HD, supporting the clinical evidence that HD is accompanied by increased oxidative stress.
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Levels, J. H. M., J. A. Marquart, P. R. Abraham, A. E. van den Ende, H. O. F. Molhuizen, S. J. H. van Deventer, and J. C. M. Meijers. "Lipopolysaccharide Is Transferred from High-Density to Low-Density Lipoproteins by Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein and Phospholipid Transfer Protein." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 4 (April 2005): 2321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.4.2321-2326.2005.
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ABSTRACT Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major outer membrane component of gram-negative bacteria, is a potent endotoxin that triggers cytokine-mediated systemic inflammatory responses in the host. Plasma lipoproteins are capable of LPS sequestration, thereby attenuating the host response to infection, but ensuing dyslipidemia severely compromises this host defense mechanism. We have recently reported that Escherichia coli J5 and Re595 LPS chemotypes that contain relatively short O-antigen polysaccharide side chains are efficiently redistributed from high-density lipoproteins (HDL) to other lipoprotein subclasses in normal human whole blood (ex vivo). In this study, we examined the role of the acute-phase proteins LPS-binding protein (LBP) and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) in this process. By the use of isolated HDL containing fluorescent J5 LPS, the redistribution of endotoxin among the major lipoprotein subclasses in a model system was determined by gel permeation chromatography. The kinetics of LPS and lipid particle interactions were determined by using Biacore analysis. LBP and PLTP were found to transfer LPS from HDL predominantly to low-density lipoproteins (LDL), in a time- and dose-dependent manner, to induce remodeling of HDL into two subpopulations as a consequence of the LPS transfer and to enhance the steady-state association of LDL with HDL in a dose-dependent fashion. The presence of LPS on HDL further enhanced LBP-dependent interactions of LDL with HDL and increased the stability of the HDL-LDL complexes. We postulate that HDL remodeling induced by LBP- and PLTP-mediated LPS transfer may contribute to the plasma lipoprotein dyslipidemia characteristic of the acute-phase response to infection.
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Kostara, Christina E., Athanasios Papathanasiou, Nikolaos Psychogios, Manh Thong Cung, Moses S. Elisaf, John Goudevenos, and Eleni T. Bairaktari. "NMR-Based Lipidomic Analysis of Blood Lipoproteins Differentiates the Progression of Coronary Heart Disease." Journal of Proteome Research 13, no. 5 (April 14, 2014): 2585–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr500061n.
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Middelberg, Rita P., Nicholas G. Martin, and John B. Whitfield. "Longitudinal Genetic Analysis of Plasma Lipids." Twin Research and Human Genetics 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 550–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.9.4.550.
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AbstractThe consensus from published studies is that plasma lipids are each influenced by genetic factors, and that this contributes to genetic variation in risk of cardiovascular disease. Heritability estimates for lipids and lipoproteins are in the range .48 to .87, when measured once per study participant. However, this ignores the confounding effects of biological variation measurement error and ageing, and a truer assessment of genetic effects on cardiovascular risk may be obtained from analysis of longitudinal twin or family data. We have analyzed information on plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides, from 415 adult twins who provided blood on two to five occasions over 10 to 17 years. Multivariate modeling of genetic and environmental contributions to variation within and across occasions was used to assess the extent to which genetic and environmental factors have long-term effects on plasma lipids. Results indicated that more than one genetic factor influenced HDL and LDL components of cholesterol, and triglycerides over time in all studies. Nonshared environmental factors did not have significant long-term effects except for HDL. We conclude that when heritability of lipid risk factors is estimated on only one occasion, the existence of biological variation and measurement errors leads to underestimation of the importance of genetic factors as a cause of variation in long-term risk within the population. In addition our data suggest that different genes may affect the risk profile at different ages.
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Grytsay, V. I. "Spectral Analysis and Invariant Measure in Studies of the Dynamics of the Hemostasis of a Blood Vessel." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 66, no. 3 (April 7, 2021): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe66.3.221.
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A mathematical model of atherosclerosis of a blood vessel is advanced with regard for the entry of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) into blood. For the first time, the influence of cytokines on the inflammation of a blood vessel at the formation of atherosclerotic plaques is taken into account. With the help of the expansion in a Fourier series and the calculation of an invariant measure, the scenario of the appearance of strange attractors depending on a change in the parameter of the dissipation of cholesterol is studied. The conclusion is made about the interconnection of the dynamics of the metabolic process in a blood vascular system and its physical state.
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Kanna, Suresh, Premila Thamizhvanan, and Jaya Bharathi. "A Biochemical Study Of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (Hdl-C) Changes In Middle Aged Common People With Different Lifestyle." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 16, no. 2 (March 23, 2017): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v16i2.25061.
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Background and rationale: HDL cholesterol is one of the 5 major groups of lipoproteins cholesterol, which enable lipids like cholesterol and TG to be transported within the water based blood stream. In healthy persons, about thirty percent of blood cholesterol is carried by HDL cholesterol. HDL-C is a potent predictor of coronary heart disease. Genetic as well as environmental factors including lifestyle factors play a role as determinants of its level in the blood. To examine the effects of certain lifestyle factors on serum level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in young adult people HDL cholesterol seems to protect against CVD which increases the risk for heart disease.Subjects and methods: Three hundred and twenty five young adult subjects of both sexes aged 18-45 years asymptomatic for cardiovascular diseases were interviewed according to special questionnaire including information on lifestyle habits. Physical examination was done, height, body weight, and blood pressure measurements were performed. Blood analysis to determine the blood level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol was done after 12 hours fasting.Results and conclusion: Smoking and obesity were the most significant risk factors associated with a decreased level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The level of HDL-C was 50.5±11.5 mg/dl in smokers compared with 57.7±12.5 mg/dl in nonsmokers. Its level was 48.5 ±8.5 mg/dl in obese individuals compared to 57.5±11.7mg/dl in normal body weight subjects. Physical activity was not significantly associated with low level of HDL-C analysis, but it was found to be significantly associated with its level by the multiple regression analysis. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was a function of many factors, some of them were lifestyle related such as smoking, physical activity, and obesity. Therefore, efforts to encourage more physical activity, quitting smoking, consuming low fat diet, and keeping ideal body weight are recommended.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(2) 2017 p.289-294
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Lizenko, M. V., T. I. Regerand, A. M. Bakhirev, and E. I. Lizenko. "Comparative-biochemical analysis of lipids of blood serum lipoproteins of human and some animal species." Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology 44, no. 5 (October 2008): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0022093008050071.
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Firoved, Aaron M., J. Cliff Boucher, and Vojo Deretic. "Global Genomic Analysis of AlgU (σE)-Dependent Promoters (Sigmulon) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Implications for Inflammatory Processes in Cystic Fibrosis." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 4 (February 15, 2002): 1057–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.4.1057-1064.2002.
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ABSTRACT The conversion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the mucoid phenotype coincides with the establishment of chronic respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis (CF). A major pathway of conversion to mucoidy in clinical strains of P. aeruginosa is dependent upon activation of the alternative sigma factor AlgU (P. aeruginosa σE). Here we initiated studies of AlgU-dependent global expression patterns in P. aeruginosa in order to assess whether additional genes, other than those involved in the production of the mucoid exopolysaccharide alginate, are turned on during conversion to mucoidy. Using genomic information and the consensus AlgU promoter sequence, we identified 35 potential AlgU (σE) promoter sites on the P. aeruginosa chromosome. Each candidate promoter was individually tested by reverse transcription and mRNA 5′-end mapping using RNA isolated from algU + and algU::Tcr mutant cells. A total of 10 new AlgU-dependent promoters were identified, and the corresponding mRNA start sites were mapped. Two of the 10 newly identified AlgU promoters were upstream of predicted lipoprotein genes. Since bacterial lipoproteins have been implicated as inducers of inflammatory pathways, we tested whether lipopeptides corresponding to the products of the newly identified AlgU-dependent lipoprotein genes, lptA and lptB, had proinflammatory activity. In human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages the peptides caused production of interleukin-8, a proinflammatory chemokine typically present at excessively high levels in the CF lung. Our studies show how genomic information can be used to uncover on a global scale the genes controlled by a given σ factor (collectively termed here sigmulon) using conventional molecular tools. In addition, our data suggest the existence of a previously unknown connection between conversion to mucoidy and expression of lipoproteins with potential proinflammatory activity. This link may be of significance for infections and inflammatory processes in CF.
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Laisupasin, Pikul, Warayupa Thompat, Saowakon Sukarayodhin, Adisak Sornprom, and Yuttana Sudjaroen. "Comparison of Serum Lipid Profiles between Normal Controls and Breast Cancer Patients." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 5, no. 01 (January 2013): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-2727.115934.
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ABSTRACT Background: Researchers have reported association of plasma/serum lipids and lipoproteins with different cancers. Increase levels of circulating lipids and lipoproteins have been associated with breast cancer risk. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare serum lipid profiles: total-cholesterol (T-CHOL), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) between breast cancer patients and normal participants. Materials and Methods: A total of 403 women in this study were divided into two groups in the period during May 2006-April 2007. Blood samples were collected from 249 patients with early stage breast cancer and 154 normal controls for serum lipid profiles (T-CHOL, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C) analysis using Hitachi 717 Autoanalyzer (Roche Diagnostic GmbH, Germany). TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C levels in breast cancer group were significantly increased as compared with normal controls group (P < 0.001), whereas HDL-C and T-CHOL levels were not. Results: The results of this study suggest that increased serum lipid profiles may associate with breast cancer risk in Thai women. Further studies to group important factors including, cancer stages, types of cancer, parity, and menopausal status that may affect to lipid profiles in breast cancer patients along with an investigation of new lipid profiles to clarify most lipid factors that may involve in breast cancer development are needed.
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Rossignol, Daniel P., Kishor M. Wasan, Eugene Choo, Edwin Yau, Nancy Wong, Jeffrey Rose, Jeffrey Moran, and Melvyn Lynn. "Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Plasma Lipoprotein Distribution of Eritoran (E5564) during Continuous Intravenous Infusion into Healthy Volunteers." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 9 (September 2004): 3233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.9.3233-3240.2004.
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ABSTRACT Eritoran, a structural analogue of the lipid A portion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is an antagonist of LPS in animal and human endotoxemia models. Previous studies have shown that low doses (350 to 3,500 μg) of eritoran have demonstrated a long pharmacokinetic half-life but a short pharmacodynamic half-life. The present study describes the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and lipid distribution profile of eritoran during and after a 72-h intravenous infusion of 500, 2,000, or 3,500 μg/h into healthy volunteers. Except for the occurrence of phlebitis, eritoran administration over 72 h was safe and well tolerated. Eritoran demonstrated a slow plasma clearance (0.679 to 0.930 ml/h/kg of body weight), a small volume of distribution (45.6 to 49.8 ml/kg), and a relatively long half-life (50.4 to 62.7 h). In plasma, the majority (∼55%) of eritoran was bound to high-density lipoproteins. During infusion and for up to 72 h thereafter, ex vivo response of blood to 1- or 10-ng/ml LPS was inhibited by ≥85%, even when the lowest dose of eritoran (500 μg/h) was infused. Inhibition of response was dependent on eritoran dose and the concentration of LPS used as an agonist. Finally, in vitro analysis with purified lipoprotein and protein fractions from plasma obtained from healthy volunteers indicated that eritoran is inactivated by high-density but not low-density lipoproteins, very-low-density lipoproteins, or albumin. From these results, we conclude that up to 252 mg of eritoran can be safely infused into normal volunteers over 72 h and even though it associates extensively with high-density lipoproteins, antagonistic activity is maintained, even after infusion ceases.
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Liao, Dan, Xinwen Wang, Min Li, Peter H. Lin, Qizhi Yao, and Changyi Chen. "Human protein S inhibits the uptake of AcLDL and expression of SR-A through Mer receptor tyrosine kinase in human macrophages." Blood 113, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-05-158048.
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Abstract Human protein S is an anticoagulation protein. However, it is unknown whether protein S could regulate the expression and function of macrophage scavenger receptor A (SR-A) in macrophages. Human THP-1 monocytes and peripheral blood monocytes were differentiated into macrophages and then treated with physiological concentrations of human protein S. We found that protein S significantly reduced acetylated low-density lipoprotein (AcLDL) uptake and binding by macrophages and decreased the intracellular cholesteryl ester content. Protein S suppressed the expression of the SR-A at both mRNA and protein levels. Protein S reduced the SR-A promoter activity primarily through inhibition in the binding of transcription factors to the AP-1 promoter element in macrophages. Furthermore, human protein S could bind and induce phosphorylation of Mer receptor tyrosine kinase (Mer RTK). Soluble Mer protein or tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A effectively blocked the effects of protein S on AcLDL uptake. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the level of protein S was substantially increased in human atherosclerotic arteries. Thus, human protein S can inhibit the expression and activity of SR-A through Mer RTK in macrophages, suggesting that human protein S is a modulator for macrophage functions in uptaking of modified lipoproteins.
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Desai, Kappu S., Avrum I. Gotlieb, and George Steiner. "Very low density lipoprotein binding to cultured aortic endothelium." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 63, no. 7 (July 1, 1985): 809–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y85-134.
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Because of very low density lipoprotein's (VLDL) potential atherogenicity and the demonstration that VLDL can bind to other cells, we examined the interaction of human VLDL with cultured porcine aortic endothelium. The lipoprotein–cell interaction had many properties similar to those seen with the binding of a ligand to a cell surface receptor. It was time and temperature dependent, saturable, and reversible. Scatchard analysis of competition data suggested that there may be more than one class of binding site. The affinity of the low affinity site was similar to that for low density lipoprotein (LDL). Also, the capacity of endothelial cells to bind VLDL was similar to that for LDL, when related to apo B (i.e., particle) concentration. Not only was unlabelled VLDL able to compete for VLDL binding sites, but so was LDL and high density lipoprotein (HDL). The maximal competition either by LDL or by HDL was less than that by VLDL. The maximal competition by HDL was more than by LDL. The VLDL binding was dependent on Ca2+. It was not changed by the content of lipoprotein in the medium in which cells were grown prior to the binding studies. These observations suggest that VLDL binding to endothelial cells is similar in some respects, but not in all, to the binding of LDL. Comparison of the data with endothelial cells to previous data with adipocytes also indicated differences between the interaction of these two cell types with VLDL. It is possible that this binding process may be involved in the formation of atherogenic remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins on the endothelial surface of large blood vessels.
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Dautova, Alʼbina Z., Valentina G. Shamratova, and Elena V. Vorobʼeva. "Lipid Profile of Plasma in Young Women Depending on Their Physical Activity and Hereditary Predisposition." Journal of Medical and Biological Research, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1491-z038.
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We studied the association of the polymorphic rs320 variant of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene, rs2016520 variant of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) gene and rs670 variant of the apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) gene with blood lipids in female athletes and women not involved in sports. Key indicators of the lipid spectrum – total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), highdensity lipoproteins (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the blood serum – were determined by the enzymatic method using Cormay reagents (Germany) and Fluorat-02-ABLF-T analyser (Russia). Genotyping of the samples was carried out by means of the PCR-RFLP analysis. A direct correlation was found between the *H+ allele of the rs320 polymorphic variant of the LPL gene and the blood levels of TC (r = 0.17; p = 0.01), TG (r = 0.33; p = 0.000005), LDL (r = 0.16; p = 0.02), and atherogenic index (AI) (r = 0.28; p = 0.0002), as well as an inverse correlation between this allele and HDL (r = –0.19; p = 0.009) in women not involved in sports. The *A allele of the polymorphic variant rs670 of the APOA1 gene in this group showed a negative correlation with TC (r = –0.22; p = 0.004) and TG (r = –0.31; p = 0.00004), while the polymorphic variant rs2016520 of the PPARD gene revealed a linear correlation of the *C allele with LDL (r = 0.15; p = 0.02) and AI (r = 0.16; p = 0.01). Three alleles – *H of the LPL gene, *G of the APOA1 gene and *T of the PPARD gene – demonstrated an additive effect on the decrease in TG, LDL and AI and on the increase in HDL in women regardless of their level of motor activity. There were no statistically significant differences in the level of blood lipids in female athletes with different genotypes of the LPL, PPARD, and APOA1 genes. Further research is needed involving larger samples of athletes.
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Dizdarević-Hudić, Larisa, Zumreta Kušljugić, Fahir Baraković, Selmira Brkić, Damir Sabitović, Elmir Jahić, Maida Isabegović, Elnur Smajić, Igor Hudić, and Katarina Divković. "Correlation Between Interleukin 6 and Interleukin 10 in Acute Myocardial Infarction." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 9, no. 4 (November 20, 2009): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2009.2784.
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The aim of this study was to analyze (i) ratios between pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 (IL-1), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stable angina pectoris (ii) as well as correlation between IL-6 and IL-10 in AMI and (iii) correlation between IL-6 and lipoproteins in AMI.The total of 71 patients were enrolled in this study, 41 of them with AMI (study group) and 30 with stable angina pectoris (control group). The concentrations of cytokines and lipoproteins were measured from blood samples. Pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios were calculated by dividing concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines with IL-10. In statistical analyses we used descriptive statistics, normality tests and analysis of correlation.IL-6: IL-10 ratio is significantly higher in AMI than in stable angina (P < 0,001), TNF-α: IL-10 is also higher in study group but the difference is not significant. We found positive linear correlation between IL-6 and IL-10 (r =0,43; p = 0,015) and negative linear correlation between IL-6 and high density lipoprotein HDL (r = -0,47; p= 0,008) in AMI.IL-6: IL-10 ratio is higher in AMI than in stable angina. There is linear correlation between IL-6 and IL-10 and IL-6 and HDL in AMI.
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Rigden, Rachael C., Dakshina M. Jandhyala, Chris Dupont, Dianna Crosbie-Caird, Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos, Norihiro Maeda, Brigitte Gicquel, and Alan Murray. "Humoral and cellular immune responses in sheep immunized with a 22 kilodalton exported protein of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis." Journal of Medical Microbiology 55, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 1735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46785-0.
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An immunogenic 22 kilodalton exported Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) lipoprotein (P22) was previously identified, and found to belong to the LppX/LprAFG family of mycobacterial lipoproteins. N-terminal polyhistidine-tagged P22 was produced and purified from Escherichia coli. Antibody recognition of P22, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) responses in vitro using blood from a sheep vaccinated with Neoparasec, confirmed its immunogenicity. To evaluate the immunogenicity of P22 in vivo, five sheep were immunized with a single dose containing 0.8 mg recombinant P22 protein in adjuvant. Blood was collected at 4, 13 and 29 weeks post-immunization (p.i.) and tested for anti-P22 antibodies and P22-specific IFN-γ production. P22-specific antibodies were detected by Western blot analysis in all five Neoparasec-immunized sheep at the three time points. Three out of five P22-immunized sheep produced P22-specific antibodies for up to 13 weeks p.i., and two gave a response at 29 weeks p.i. Recombinant P22 was able to stimulate significant IFN-γ production in blood of P22-immunized sheep at 13 and 29 weeks p.i. Recombinant P22 also elicited an IFN-γ response in blood of sheep immunized with Neoparasec.
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Choy, Patrick C., Yaw L. Siow, David Mymin, and Karmin O. "Lipids and atherosclerosis." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 82, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 212–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o03-085.
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Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in North America and within the next two decades will be the leading cause worldwide. Atherosclerosis is characterized by vascular obstruction from the deposits of plaque, resulting in reduced blood flow. Plaque rupture and the consequent thrombosis may lead to sudden blockage of the arteries and cause heart attack. High serum lipid levels, especially the elevated level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), have been shown to be strongly related to the development of atherosclerosis. It is generally accepted that atherosclerotic lesions are initiated via an enhancement of LDL uptake by monocytes and macrophages. In the liver, uptake of plasma LDL is mediated via specific LDL receptors, but a scavenger receptor system is employed by macrophages. Plasma LDL must be modified prior to uptake by macrophages. Analysis of the lipid content in the oxidatively modified LDL from hyper lipidemic patients revealed that the level of lysophosphatidylcholine was greatly elevated, and the high level of the lysolipid was shown to impair the endothelium-dependent relaxation of the blood vessels. In a separate study, we showed that a high level of homocysteine caused the increase in cholesterol production and apolipoprotein B-100 secretion in hepatic cells. Statins have been used effectively to control the production of cholesterol in the liver, and recently, ezetimibe has been shown to supplement the efficacy of statins by inhibiting cholesterol absorption. The factor of elevated levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in association with depressed high-density lipoproteins, usually in the context of insulin resistance, is an important contributor to atherosclerosis and can be effectively treated with fibric acid derivatives. In hyperhomocysteinemia, folic acid supplements may have a role in the control of cholesterol by reducing the plasma homocysteine level.Key words: atherosclerosis, low density lipoprotein (LDL), homocysteine, statin, folate.
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Stangeby, D. Kim, and C. Ross Ethier. "Computational Analysis of Coupled Blood-Wall Arterial LDL Transport." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 124, no. 1 (September 17, 2001): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1427041.
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The transport of macromolecules, such as low density lipoproteins (LDLs), across the artery wall and their accumulation in the wall is a key step in atherogenesis. Our objective was to model fluid flow within both the lumen and wall of a constricted, axisymmetric tube simulating a stenosed artery, and to then use this flow pattern to study LDL mass transport from the blood to the artery wall. Coupled analysis of lumenal blood flow and transmural fluid flow was achieved through the solution of Brinkman’s model, which is an extension of the Navier-Stokes equations for porous media. This coupled approach offers advantages over traditional analyses of this problem, which have used possibly unrealistic boundary conditions at the blood-wall interface; instead, we prescribe a more natural pressure boundary condition at the adventitial vasa vasorum, and allow variations in wall permeability due to the occurrence of plaque. Numerical complications due to the convection dominated mass transport process (low LDL diffusivity) are handled by the streamline upwind/Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) finite element method. This new fluid-plus-porous-wall method was implemented for conditions typical of LDL transport in a stenosed artery with a 75 percent area reduction (Peclet number=2×108). The results show an elevated LDL concentration at the downstream side of the stenosis. For the higher Darcian wall permeability thought to occur in regions containing atheromatous lesions, this leads to an increased transendothelial LDL flux downstream of the stenosis. Increased transmural filtration in such regions, when coupled with a concentration-dependent endothelial permeability to LDL, could be an important contributor to LDL infiltration into the arterial wall. Experimental work is needed to confirm these results.
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Gentile, Marco, Arcangelo Iannuzzi, Francesco Giallauria, Antonello D’Andrea, Elio Venturini, Mario Pacileo, Giuseppe Covetti, et al. "Association between Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (VLDL-C) and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Postmenopausal Women Without Overt Cardiovascular Disease and on LDL-C Target Levels." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 5 (May 11, 2020): 1422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051422.
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Background: atherosclerotic process inexorably advances in patients reaching low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets. An attractive hypothesis is that lipoprotein particles (very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL)), could contribute to residual risk. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and different lipoprotein subfractions in a cohort of healthy postmenopausal women. Methods: 75 postmenopausal women, at LDL-C target levels without overt cardiovascular disease, underwent biochemical analyses (including subfraction assay of plasma lipoproteins) and carotid ultrasound examination. Results: a statistically significant correlation between VLDL and carotid IMT (p < 0.001) was found. No significant correlation was found between carotid IMT and LDL-C (p = 0.179), IDL-C (p = 0.815), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p = 0.855), and LDL score (p = 0.240). Moreover, IMT is significantly correlated to LDL particle diameter (p = 0.044). After adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, smoking habits, glucose plasma concentration, and Lipoprotein(a) (Lpa) levels, multivariate analysis showed that women in the third tertile of VLDL-C, compared with those in the first tertile, were significantly associated to the highest IMT (p = 0.04). Conclusions: in this cohort of postmenopausal women, VLDL-C was significantly associated to carotid IMT, independent of main cardiovascular risk factors. These findings pave the way for targeting circulating concentrations of VLDL-C to reduce cardiovascular events in patients with target LDL-C levels.
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Frankland, Sarah, Salenna R. Elliott, Francisca Yosaatmadja, James G. Beeson, Stephen J. Rogerson, Akinola Adisa, and Leann Tilley. "Serum Lipoproteins Promote Efficient Presentation of the Malaria Virulence Protein PfEMP1 at the Erythrocyte Surface." Eukaryotic Cell 6, no. 9 (July 20, 2007): 1584–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00063-07.
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ABSTRACT The virulence of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is related to its ability to express a family of adhesive proteins known as P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) at the infected red blood cell surface. The mechanism for the transport and delivery of these adhesins to the erythrocyte membrane is only poorly understood. In this work, we have used specific immune reagents in a flow cytometric assay to monitor the effects of serum components on the surface presentation of PfEMP1. We show that efficient presentation of the A4 and VAR2CSA variants of PfEMP1 is dependent on the presence of serum in the bathing medium during parasite maturation. Lipid-loaded albumin supports parasite growth but allows much less efficient presentation of PfEMP1 at the red blood cell surface. Analysis of the serum components reveals that lipoproteins, especially those of the low-density lipoprotein fraction, promote PfEMP1 presentation. Cytoadhesion of infected erythrocytes to the host cell receptors CD36 and ICAM-1 is also decreased in infected erythrocytes cultured in the absence of serum. The defect appears to be in the transfer of PfEMP1 from parasite-derived structures known as the Maurer's clefts to the erythrocyte membrane or in surface conformation rather than a down-regulation or switching of particular PfEMP1 variants.
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Kuznik, B. I., E. S. Guseva, S. O. Davydov, Yu N. Smolyakov, E. V. Roitman, and N. N. Tsybikov. "Blood cells and their effect on the lipid profile in women with essential hypertension." Russian Journal of Cardiology 25, no. 3 (April 6, 2020): 3349. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3-3349.
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Aim. To find out the relationship of particular blood cells (BC) and their ratios with lipid metabolism in patients with essential hypertension (EH), with (EH-1) and without kinesiotherapy (EH-2).Material and methods. The study included 30 healthy women (control group) and 72 women with EH, which were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (EH-1) — 37 women with stage II (target organ damage classification) hypertension who receive antihypertensive therapy; group 2 (EH-2) — 35 women who underwent antihypertensive therapy and kinesiotherapy (3-4 courses for 2-3 years).Results. Correlation analysis revealed that the studied relationships in healthy women, EH-1 and EH-2 women can be either direct or inverse. In healthy women, we observed negative association of monocytes (MON) with atherogenic index (AI), a positive association of basophils (BAS) with high density lipoproteins (HDL) and its negative association with low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and AI and red blood cells/platelets (RBC/PLT ratio) with HDL. Negative associations of lymphocytes (LYM)/BAS ratio with triglyceride (TG) and eosinophils (EOS)/BAS ratio with LDL were also detected. Patients with EH-1 had a direct relationship between LYM/EOS ratio and TG. In patients with EH-2, a negative relationship was found between PLT and HDL, MON and HDL, neutrophils (NEU)/MON ratio and TAG, and a positive — between white blood cells (WBC), NEU, MON and AI, LYM and TAG, MON and TAG, as well as AI.Conclusion. The obtained data indicate that all BC and their ratios in women with/without EH and with/without kinesiotherapy affect the lipid metabolism.
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Okunieff, P., M. D. Greenberg, A. Zietman, J. Kahn, S. Westgate, and L. J. Neuringer. "Failure of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of blood plasma to detect malignancy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 8, no. 5 (May 1990): 906–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1990.8.5.906.
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Water-suppressed proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of plasma was proposed as a technique for detecting malignant tumors. In that analysis, bloods drawn from cancer patients at the Beth Israel Hospital (BIH; Boston, MA), were easily distinguished from normal subjects by measuring and averaging the proton NMR methyl and methylene line widths of plasma lipoproteins. We collected blood at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), including from normal controls, patients with untreated and treated malignant tumors, and patients with nontumor diseases. The plasma NMR analyses were carried out blind. The code was not broken until all patient charts and pathology records were reviewed, plasma analyses were completed, and patients had been divided into appropriate clinical groups. Analysis of these data showed no differences between the means of the study groups (false-positive and false-negative frequencies 46% and 57%, respectively). An inverse correlation of methyl/methylene line widths with age (P less than .01), and a correlation with nitrate-requiring cardiovascular disease (P less than .05) was, however, evident. This test cannot be validly used to detect malignancy.
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Khalak, V. I., S. Ye Cherniavs’kiy, and P. T. Chegorka. "PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MUSCLE TISSUE OF YOUNG PIGS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH CERTAIN BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF BLOOD SERUM." Scientific Journal Grain Crops 4, no. 2 (December 11, 2020): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0146.
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The article presents the results of studies of the physicochemical properties of the muscle tissue of young pigs of the large white breed, taking into account their intrabreed differentiation by some biochemical parameters of blood serum, and the correlation links between the signs are determined. The control fattening of young pigs of large white breed was carried out in the conditions of the farm according to the "Methodology for assessing boars and sows for the yield of offspring in the minds of breeding plants and breeding reproducers". In the blood serum of 5-month-old animals, the cholesterol content (mmol/l) and the concentration of total lipoproteins (mg%) were determined. The physicochemical properties of the longest back muscle (m. Longissimus dorsi) were studied taking into account the following indicators: "water-holding capacity, %", "active acidity 24 hours after slaughter (pH), acidity units", "color intensity, units extract х 1000", "tenderness, s "and" losses during heat treatment, %". Biometric processing of the obtained data was carried out according to generally accepted methods using the Data Analysis software module in Microsoft Excel. It was found that the biochemical parameters of blood serum (cholesterol content (mmol/l) and the concentration of total lipoproteins (mg %) in young pigs of the Large White breed correspond to the physiological norm of clinically healthy animals. The number of samples of the longissimus dorsi muscle (m. Longissimus dorsi) of the category "high quality "according to the indicators" tenderness, s "and" water-holding capacity, % "is 9.09 %, according to the" color intensity, units. х 1000" – 18.18 %. Reliable coef-ficients of pair correlation are established between the following pairs of signs: concentration of total lipoproteins х active acidity 24 hours after slaughter (pH) (+0.618), concentration of total lipoproteins х water-holding capacity (+0.712), cholesterol content х tenderness (+0.726), cholesterol content х losses during heat treatment (+0.784). Key words: muscle, tissue, young pigs, blood, biochemical parameters, serum.
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Rasic-Milutinovic, Zorica, Gordana Perunicic, Steva Pljesa, Vanja Ristic, Gordana Ristic, Natasa Milic, and Mirka Ilic. "Is insulin an independent predictor of mortality in hemodialysis patients?" Jugoslovenska medicinska biohemija 23, no. 1 (2004): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmh0401043r.
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Reduced insulin sensitivity is present in patients with end-stage renal failure (ERF). It has been established in general population that insulin resistance is a cardiovascular risk factor. The present study examines the potential effect of insulin action and secretion on over-all and cardiovascular mortality in non-diabetic haemodialysis (HD) patients. Sixty two patents (age 52.5 ? 10.3 year) on maintenance haemodialysis (5.4 ? 3.1 year) were recruited in June, 1994 and were followed-up over a 5-year period. At the end of the study we had two those who survived and those who died: survivals and deaths. All basic clinical indicators (age, gender, duration of dialysis prior to entry into the study, blood pressure, serum proteins, albumins, lipids and lipoproteins, urea, creatinine, dialysis dose defined by Kt/V, protein catabolic rate-nPCR, glucose, insulin, C peptide, IR-HOMA and % b- HOMA) were screened for a significant relation to outcome by univariante logistic regression models. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate potentional independent predictors of death. Patients of both groups, survivals (n=42) and deaths (n=20), had a comparable duration of HD before the study, and as to blood pressure, serum proteins, albumines, lipids and lipoproteins A and B 100, lipoprotein (a), glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and Kt/V there were no significant differences. Patients who died were significantly older, and they had lower values of urea, creatinine, insulin, C-peptide and nPCR. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that only insulin and nPCR were significantly and independently associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, and age was an important confounding factor. These results suggest that we need an early procedure to preserve beta-cell function, besides positive nitrogen balance, to reduce cardiovascular and over-all mortality in haemodialysis patients.
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Yakubu, S. T., T. S. Olugbemi, P. Onimisi, and O. T. Lasisi. "Effects of indomie noodle waste (INW) on serum lipid profile of broiler birds fed during the wet season." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 2 (December 26, 2020): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i2.1015.
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Instant noodles are widely consumed in Nigeria, with large of its by-products although high in energy but constituting environmental pollution in the production areas if allowed to lay waste. An eight-week feeding trial using 240 five-days old Hubbard flex broiler chicks was conducted to access the effect of feeding graded levels of indomie noodle waste (INW) in isonitrogenous diets on serum lipid profile of birds. Birds were allotted five treatments containing three replicates having sixteen birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Five diets were compounded containing indomie noodle waste at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% replacing maize in the diets. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from severed jugular veins of two birds per replicate and subjected to laboratory analysis for Total Cholesterol, High density lipoproteins, Low density lipoproteins and Triglycerides. Results showed that increase in INW in the diets of broilers increased total cholesterol (148.24mg/dl -192.06mg/dl, SD 61.68) and triglyceride (27.07mg/dL-91.52mg/dl, SD 40.79), favored high density lipoproteins (37.38mg/dL - 77.34mg/Dl, SD 31.88), and lowered values for low density lipoproteins (72.18mg/dL - 112.14mg/dL, SD 58.06) though there was no statistical difference (P>0.05) across the treatments. Indomie noodle waste has the potential to replace maize up to 100% with good effects on High Density Lipoproteins, Total Cholesterol within range and lower Low Density Lipoproteins values.
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Brown, S. A., D. F. Epps, J. K. Dunn, A. R. Sharrett, J. R. Patsch, A. M. Gotto, and W. Patsch. "Effect of blood collection and processing on radioimmunoassay results for apolipoprotein B in plasma." Clinical Chemistry 36, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 1662–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/36.9.1662.
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Abstract We studied the effects of different blood collection and processing procedures on quantification of apolipoprotein (apo) B by radioimmunoassay. High-density lipoprotein subfractions HDL3 and HDL2 and isolated apoA-I did not cross-react in the assay. Analytical recovery of apoB at different doses of very-low- and low-density lipoproteins were complete. Inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) averaged 7.4% and 6.0%, respectively. Blood from 20 subjects was collected into tubes containing EDTA alone or EDTA with antiproteolytic and antioxidant agents; one half of each plasma was separated immediately, half after 3 h at 4 degrees C. Regardless of the addition of protective agents or the time difference in separating plasma from other blood elements, freezing plasma at -70 degrees C decreased apoB content a similar amount, an average of 6.8%. This loss of apoB immunoreactivity was not related to apoB content in fresh plasma. Analysis of variance showed no differential effect on apoB content by the various additions to whole blood or plasma. No additional apoB content was lost in once-frozen aliquots of three human plasma pools during storage at -70 degrees C for up to 18 months. We conclude that concentrations of apoB in human plasma can be measured reliably after long-term storage, although the absolute value may decrease slightly as a result of freezing.
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Okdan, Bora, Gulbin Rudarli Nalcakan, Ece Onur, Arzu Oran, and Mesut Nalcakan. "Effect of Folk Dance Training on Blood Oxidative Stress Level, Lipids, and Lipoproteins." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjst-2016-0017.
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Abstract Introduction. Folk dance is a form of physical activity which helps develop the ability to use the whole body in a coordinated way with music, and folk dancers’ characteristics vary according to the particular type of dance practised in a given geographic region. The aims of the study were to evaluate the effects of 12-week folk dance training on blood oxidative stress level, lipids, lipoproteins, as well as muscle damage markers and to define some physical and physiological properties of folk dancers. Material and methods. Thirty-eight healthy male folk dancers aged 21-28 years having an average of 11 years of dance training experience voluntarily participated in the study. All of the physical and physiological measurements and the blood analysis were performed twice, before and after the training period which focused on different regional dances (Caucasus, Bar, Zeybek, Spoon Dance, Thracian dances, and Horon). The training was done 2 hours per day (a total of 10 hours a week), during a 12-week-long period. Results. All the blood parameters were found to be within the specified reference ranges. The training programme had no significant effect on the blood lipid profile, whereas it was found to have positive effects on body fat (p ≤ 0.012), peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak; p = 0.000), muscle damage markers (creatine kinase, Δ% = −19.6), and total antioxidant capacity (p ≤ 0.002). Conclusions. Regular folk dance training was found to have positive effects on body fat, VO2peak, blood total antioxidant capacity, and muscle damage markers. Based on these results, the community should be encouraged to perform folk dance as a recreational physical activity, and public awareness should be raised about the health benefits of practising folk dances.
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Grellier, P., D. Rigomier, V. Clavey, J. C. Fruchart, and J. Schrevel. "Lipid traffic between high density lipoproteins and Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells." Journal of Cell Biology 112, no. 2 (January 15, 1991): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.112.2.267.
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Several intraerythrocytic growth cycles of Plasmodium falciparum could be achieved in vitro using a serum free medium supplemented only with a human high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction (d = 1.063-1.210). The parasitemia obtained was similar to that in standard culture medium containing human serum. The parasite development was incomplete with the low density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction and did not occur with the VLDL fraction. The lipid traffic from HDL to the infected erythrocytes was demonstrated by pulse labeling experiments using HDL loaded with either fluorescent NBD-phosphatidylcholine (NBD-PC) or radioactive [3H]palmitoyl-PC. At 37 degrees C, the lipid probes rapidly accumulated in the infected cells. After incubation in HDL medium containing labeled PC, a subsequent incubation in medium with either an excess of native HDL or 20% human serum induced the disappearance of the label from the erythrocyte plasma membrane but not from the intraerythrocytic parasite. Internalization of lipids did not occur at 4 degrees C. The mechanism involved a unidirectional flux of lipids but no endocytosis. The absence of labeling of P. falciparum, with HDL previously [125I]iodinated on their apolipoproteins or with antibodies against the apolipoproteins AI and AII by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting, confirmed that no endocytosis of the HDL was involved. A possible pathway of lipid transport could be a membrane flux since fluorescence videomicroscopy showed numerous organelles labeled with NBD-PC moving between the erythrocyte and the parasitophorous membranes. TLC analysis showed that a partial conversion of the PC to phosphatidylethanolamine was observed in P. falciparum-infected red cells after pulse with [3H]palmitoyl-PC-HDL. The intensity of the lipid traffic was stage dependent with a maximum at the trophozoite and young schizont stages (38th h of the erythrocyte life cycle). We conclude that the HDL fraction appears to be a major lipid source for Plasmodium growth.
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Ferreira-Lima, Walcir, Silvia B. Silva-Lima, Flávia E. Bandeira-Lima, Fellipe Bandeira-Lima, Amanda Santos, Alynne C. Andaki, Jorge Mota, Carlos A. Molena-Fernandes, and Juan P. Fuentes. "Study of the high prevalence and cardiovascular risk factors: students aged 11 to 16 years from Caceres-Spain and Paranavaí-Brazil." Archivos de Medicina del Deporte 37, no. 6 (December 28, 2020): 372–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18176/archmeddeporte.00011.
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Objective: to investigate the association of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases in students from 11 to 16 years old in different contexts. Material and method: Sample composed by students of Cáceres - Spain (n = 165) and Paranavaí - Brazil (n = 237). Body Mass Index, level of physical activity, blood pressure, total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides and fasting blood glucose were analyzed. For the analysis of variables, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, Student t, Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square, and Odds Ratio were used, with a 95% confidence interval, a value of p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Spanish students have higher average values of age, physical activity level, obesity in general, low- and high-density lipoproteins and fasting blood glucose (p <0.05). Brazilians had a greater accumulation of risk factors compared to the Spanish, specifically only 8.5% of Brazilians are exempt from RF compared to 28.2% of Spanish. It is observed that there is a higher prevalence of two RFs (G-BRA: 40.7% vs. G-ESP: 24.2%); and three or more RF (G-BRA 27.0% vs. G-ESP: 13.7%), considering a value of p <0.001. Being more active was associated with HDL levels among Brazilians. Although Spanish students had a higher prevalence of general obesity, they were more active. Conclusion: Spanish students showed better results in physical activity levels, fasting glucose concentration, high and low density lipoproteins, in addition to a lower number cardiovascular risk factors, despite being mainly from public schools; with higher average age and higher general obesity prevalence, compared to Brazilians
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LIU, Chieh Chung, Jui Kun CHUANG, Chun Hong LIN, Pu Hsi TSAI, Jun Yen LEE, Yi Jiuan LIU, and City C. HSIEH. "Changes in Blood Lipoproteins, Inflammation Response and Tissue Damage After a Single Bout of Exhaustive Exercise." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2010): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.161800.
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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. The objective of this study was to determine the effects on plasma lipoproteins, inflammation response and tissue-damage markers level during their recovery following exhaustive run. These biochemical concentrations were measured before 30 min, immediately after, and 30 min, 1hr, 2hr, 24hr, 48hr, 72hr after an exhaustive run on treadmill in 15 health male subjects with 80%VO2max intensity. The result of one-way ANOVA with measure repeated analysis indicated that there were no significant changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol post run, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was remain significant elevated (by 18%) until 2hr post run. The inflammatory marker of C-reactive protein level was significant elevated (by 42%) immediately and returned to baseline post 0.5hr. The neutrophils ratio remain significant increased (by 51%) during 0.5hr until 2hr and returned to baseline post 24hr. The tissue-damage markers were remain elevated by 23% immediately until 2hr in lactate dehydrogenase and only reach to peak (by 108%) significantly post 24hr in creatine kinase. It is concluded that an exhaustive exercise could induce the delay-onset damage and transient inflammatory response in tissue, and have enough rest or suitable antioxidant supplements for recovery. 目的：本研究旨在探討單次衰竭運動後恢復期對於血脂蛋白濃度變化與發炎損傷指標之影響。方法：受試者為15名健康男性(年齡22.8 ± 0.89歲，體重67. ± 1.81公斤)，以高強度(80%VO2max)的固定負荷運動至衰竭，並於運動前30分鐘、運動後立即、0.5hr、lhr、2hr、24hr、48hr、72hr等時間點靜脈採血進行生化值分析。結果：以單因子相依樣本變異數分析顯示，低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C)在運動後均無明顯變化；而高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, HDL-C)則在衰竭運動後2hr明顯持續增加約18.3% (p < .05)；發炎指標：C-反應蛋白(C-reactive protein, CRP)於衰竭後立即顯著上升約42%，隨即0.5hr後恢復。嗜中性球比例(neutrophils, net-s%)在運動後0.5hr至2hr持續增加約51%，於24hr之後恢復。組織損傷情形，乳酸脱氫酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)活性在衰竭後立即至2hr期間顯著增加約23%，而肌酸激酶(creatine kinase, CK)活性則在24hr後才明顯增加約108%的峰值反應。結論：本研究血脂蛋白與發炎、損傷等生化反應結果，意味著單次衰竭運動後可能誘發體內組織的延遲性損傷與組織的短暫發炎反應，需要有足夠的休息時間或運用適當的抗氧化增補劑來進行運動恢復。
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Kosayev, J. V., I. A. Khasanov, N. S. Abushov, and G. T. Taghi-zade. "The state of lipid exchange, hemostasis, inflammatory reaction and potentials for their correction in indirect revascularization in patients with critical ischemia of lower extremities (a correlation statistical analysis)." Laser Medicine 25, no. 1 (August 10, 2021): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37895/2071-8004-2021-25-1-27-35.
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Aim: to study the state of lipid metabolism, hemostasis, inflammatory reaction and the potential for their correction after indirect revascularization in patients with distal steno-occlusion of arteries and critical ischemia of lower extremities (critical ILE).Material and methods. Changes in hemostasis and dynamics of its parameters during the complex surgical treatment in 131 patients with critical ILE and distal arterial stenoocclusion were analyzed. To achieve the targeted goals, patients were divided into the following groups: 34 patients had traditional care (control group); 32 patients had intravenous laser blood irradiation in combination with standard therapy (Group I); 32 patients had cytokine therapy with roncoleukin in combination with standard therapy (Group II); 33 patients had intravenous laser blood irradiation combined with cytokine therapy and standard therapy (Group III). Parameters of lipid metabolism were studied in dynamics (total cholesterol, very low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins, triglycerides); products of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehydes, conjugates, superoxide dismutase); inflammatory mediators (C-reactive protein, sialic acids, seromucoids, fibrinogen A, circulating immune complexes); hemostatic parameters (fibrinogen, fibrinolytic activity, fibrin degradation products, antithrombin III activity). Hemostatic indices were compared with identical parameters of 48 apparently healthy individuals (reference group).Results. On admission, patients with critical ILE and distal wall occlusion had sharp changes in their lipid metabolism, inflammatory reaction, and hemostasis. Conclusion. The inclusion of intravenous laser blood irradiation and cytokine therapy separately and in combination in a set of therapeutic measures led to the leveling of the studied homeostasis indicators. The best results were obtained in the group where patients had combined perioperative intravenous laser blood irradiation with cytokine therapy in indirect revascularization.
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Gorikov, I. N., L. G. Nakhamchen, A. N. Оdireev, E. I. Karapetyan, T. V. Smirnova, and E. V. Еgorshina. "Changes in lipid-synthesizing function of the liver in congenital cytomegalovirus infection in death newborns." Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, no. 80 (July 16, 2021): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2021-80-79-83.
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Aim. To assess the change in the lipid-synthesizing function of the liver in congenital cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) in dead newborns.Materials and methods. The study of the lipid spectrum of umbilical cord blood in the first minutes of life was carried out in 59 full-term newborns with antenatal ontogenesis, unburdened and burdened with congenital CMVI. The first group consisted of 25 newborns of early neonatal age (control group) from mothers without moderate and severe obstetric and somatic pathology, as well as respiratory viral diseases and sexually transmitted infections. The second group included 18 children of the same age (comparison group), whose mothers suffered exacerbation of CMVI in the second trimester of pregnancy, which did not lead to antenatal viral aggression. The third group was represented by 16 newborns with congenital CMVI. The life expectancy of children was 2-5 days. In the first group, the main cause of death of children was prolonged ante- and intranatal hypoxia, atelectasis and hyaline membranes of the lungs, in the second group – prolonged antenatal hypoxia, intranatal hypoxia and atelectatic, hyaline and edematous-hemorrhagic pneumopathies, and in the third group – congenital CMVI, which manifested itself as cerebral ischemia of moderate and severe degree, meningoencephalitis, ventriculomegaly, pseudocysts of the vascular plexus and subarachnoid hemorrhages, monocytosis, vesiculopustulosis, hepatitis and pneumonia. In the blood serum from the umbilical vein during biochemical analysis, the concentration (mmol/L) of total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides was estimated.Results. In newborns of the second group in the blood serum from the umbilical cord vein, the concentration of total cholesterol was 1.90±0.04 mmol/L, high-density lipoproteins – 1.49±0.06 mmol/L, low-density lipoproteins - 0.26±0,02 mmol/L and triglycerides – 0.49±0.03 mmol/L (in the first group, respectively, 1.93±0.06 mmol/L, p>0.05; 1.37±0.06 mmol/L, p>0.05; 0.43±0.02 mmol/L, p<0.001; 0.45±0.02 mmol/L, p>0.05). In the third group, compared with the second one, there was a decrease in the level of total cholesterol to 1.79±0.04 mmol/L (p<0.05) and high-density lipoproteins – to 1.28±0.06 (p><0.05) against the background of an increase in triglyceride concentration up to 0.59±0.03 mmol/L (p><0.05). Conclusion. The above changes in the lipid-synthesizing function of the liver indicate a direct and indirect effect of congenital CMVI on the morphological structure of hepatocytes and the activity of enzyme systems. Key words: full-term newborns, congenital cytomegalovirus infection, total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, lowdensity lipoproteins, triglyceride>˂ 0.05) and high-density lipoproteins – to 1.28±0.06 (p<0.05) against the background of an increase in triglyceride concentration up to 0.59±0.03 mmol/L (p><0.05). Conclusion. The above changes in the lipid-synthesizing function of the liver indicate a direct and indirect effect of congenital CMVI on the morphological structure of hepatocytes and the activity of enzyme systems. Key words: full-term newborns, congenital cytomegalovirus infection, total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, lowdensity lipoproteins, triglycerides>˂ 0.05) against the background of an increase in triglyceride concentration up to 0.59±0.03 mmol/L (p˂ 0.05).Conclusion. The above changes in the lipid-synthesizing function of the liver indicate a direct and indirect effect of congenital CMVI on the morphological structure of hepatocytes and the activity of enzyme systems.
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Chanchaeva, Elena Anatolyevna, Ekaterina Vasilievna Kruglikova, Sergey Sergeevich Sidorov, Alexey Dmitrievich Gerasev, and Roman Idelevich Aizman. "Diet analysis, blood plasma biochemical indicators and body compositions of first year university students in the context of adaptation to the new educational environment." Science for Education Today 11, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15293/2658-6762.2101.10.
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Introduction. The article examines the problem of adaptation to the new educational environment and pedagogical support for first-year university students. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the body composition, nutrition and biochemical parameters of blood plasma of first-year students who are adapting to living in a university dormitory. Materials and Methods. The methods of empirical research of physical development (length, weight, body mass index), body component composition (total fat content, muscle component), nutrition structure (macronutrient composition and caloric content of the daily diet), biochemical analysis of blood plasma (plasma content of triglycerides, cholesterol, low-and high-density lipoproteins, glucose), as well as statistical methods of data comparison were used. Results. The body length of males (175.4 cm), in contrast to females (162 cm) aged between 18 and 19 years is not a definitive indicator and can increase during 2 or 3 years. The percentage of overweight and obesity among first-year students was 16.1%; total fat content exceeding the limit values was found in 35.5% of females and 6.7% of males, and insufficient fat content was found only in 10% of males. The muscle component, both in girls and boys, corresponded to the indicators of the norm. The actual nutrition of first-year students living in a university dormitory was characterized by a lack of calories, fats, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, and insufficient consumption of carbohydrates, including dietary fibers. This deficiency was more pronounced among females, who also had a deficit in the consumption of proteins, especially of animal origin. The biochemical parameters of the blood plasma of all students did not exceed the normal limits, except for the values of high-density lipoproteins. The percentage of students with low values of high-density lipoproteins was 8.3%. The content of CCS in the blood plasma was inversely proportional to the caloric content of the diet and the amount of fat consumed. The predisposition to disorders of lipid metabolism in first-year students living in a university dormitory was due to insufficient replenishment of the body's energy expenditure and an unbalanced diet. Conclusions. Early adulthood is characterized by the formation of a definitive level and the predominance of assimilation processes, so the issues of healthy nutrition, especially in the conditions of a high rhythm of students’ life, insufficient replenishment of energy consumption and unbalanced consumption of nutrients, are relevant and require attention from the group leaders for first-year students. Pedagogical support of first-year students should contain methods and techniques aimed at promoting healthy nutrition and financial literacy.