Relevant bibliographies by topics / Blood money

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Blood money'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Blood money"

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Beardsley, Tim. "Blood Money?" Scientific American 269, no. 2 (August 1993): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0893-115.

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Reeder, Neil. "Blood money." New Scientist 210, no. 2812 (May 2011): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(11)61108-1.

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Miller, Char Roone. "Blood Money." Political Theory 45, no. 2 (September 27, 2016): 216–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0090591716664770.

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Contemporary responses to Plato’s Republic rarely examine its complex relationship to festivals and sacrifice. Recovering the importance of the festival to Plato’s concerns, this article reveals Plato’s displacement of the sacrificial violence of ancient Greek festivals with the language and possibilities (including notions of responsibility) of money. The first section introduces, through the opening scenes of the Republic, the significance of money in Ancient Greece, particularly its affiliation with the ritual dynamics of the festival. The second section focuses on animal sacrifice, developing the central claim that much of the Republic imagines replacing the power of sacrifice to hold a conflicted polis together with the logic of money to organize and maintain the city. To explore the ramifications of this shift, the third section of the essay turns to the problems of visibility and sacrifice, arguing that the shift from festival to monetary political practice obscures the violence of political and monetary life; an obscurity reproduced in Giorgio Agamben’s neglect of ancient Greece in his account of the relationship between sacrifice and political status. This reading provokes an engagement with the contemporary acceptance of monetary violence leading to the conclusion that the violence and death resulting from monetary practice should be considered political violence, not sacrifice.
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Rausch, Juliana. "Blood Money." American Book Review 39, no. 1 (2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/abr.2017.0143.

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Smith, Andrea. "Blood & Money." Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 3, no. 2 (March 2016): 217–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v3.i2.6.

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In Texas, the statutes are in conflict as to whether an adopted person is emphatically given the right to inherit intestate through and from their biological parents. This Note will delve into the history of adoption law, the adoption law process, differences in the statutes, and suggest how the Texas Legislature can mend these statutes to be in harmony with each other. For the purposes of this Note, when adoptee is mentioned it only refers to a child who was adopted as a minor.
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Strickland, E. "Blood and money." IEEE Spectrum 49, no. 6 (June 2012): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mspec.2012.6203965.

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Marks, Jonathan, and Debra Harry. "Counterpoint: Blood-money." Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 15, no. 3 (June 20, 2006): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.20099.

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Lawry, Tom. "For Blood and Money." Inside Precision Medicine 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ipm.10.01.16.

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Derpmann, Simon, and Michael Quante. "Money for Blood and Markets for Blood." HEC Forum 27, no. 4 (December 3, 2014): 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10730-014-9259-z.

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Cowell, Alan. "Dispatch: Switzerland's Wartime Blood Money." Foreign Policy, no. 107 (1997): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1149338.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Blood money"

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Owusu, Rebekah. "Essays on Gifts of Blood, Money and Time." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35304.

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This thesis investigates the voluntary provision of public goods in three distinct contexts. Specifically, it studies gifts of blood, money and time. While the first essay undertakes to investigate the behaviour of blood donors from a theoretical perspective, the second and third chapter use the tools of empirical applied microeconomics to investigate strategic philanthropy (Chapter 2) and the impact of mandatory volunteering on income (Chapter 3). In Chapter One I use the tools of non-cooperative game theory to study blood donor behaviour. I construct a model in which the decision to donate blood is driven by the need for consumers to obtain insurance against needing a blood transfusion, and in which access to the resources of the blood bank are allocated as under a first-come, first-served policy. I also study the effect of screening policies on the available blood supply, and identify policy instruments which may be effective in increasing the supply of blood. Strikingly, although blood banks typically direct greater effort to persuading universal donors (type O negative) to donate blood, I show that the efficient allocation is for individuals of each blood type to donate the same amount of blood. However, at the Nash equilibrium, the individuals who are the most likely to donate blood are universal recipients, and those who are the least likely are universal donors -- a prediction that is consistent with observed donation frequency by blood type. The model also predicts that if there is an increase in the probability of needing blood, this will have no impact on donations of those individuals who are faced with a positive probability of not getting blood. I also show that in an economy with "good" blood and "bad" blood donors, if the total amount of bad blood is more than the total amount of good blood, bad blood crowds out good blood. The second chapter is concerned with giving practices that practitioners refer to as strategic philanthropy. Anecdotal evidence that suggests that charitable givers -- particularly those with the financial means and inclination to make substantial donations - are increasingly strategic in their philanthropic behaviour. However, there is no existing literature which has investigated whether or not so-called strategic givers are in fact determining donations differently from other donors, or whether in fact it is true that strategic behaviour is increasingly prevalent. A first challenge is to discern what specifically might constitute strategic giving, and I propose that strategic philanthropists are individuals who (i) plan their giving; (ii) give most of their philanthropic gifts to a small number of charities, and (iii) get involved in the organisations to which they make gifts. Different estimation methods are applied, and the results show that some charitable givers are strategic in their philanthropic giving, and that the propensity to be strategic is highly and positively correlated with the level of education. My results also show that giving is strategic only when donations are made to secular organisations but not to religious organisations. My results also indicate that strategic behaviour has a substantial positive impact on donations to secular organisations. The last chapter examines the link between volunteering and income, focussing particularly on the impact of mandatory volunteering in high school. I use data from the 2013 Giving, Volunteering and Participation component of the General Social Survy (GSS GVP) to update previous research on the labour market returns to volunteering and find evidence, consistent with previous findings that indivuals who choose to volunteer earn higher incomes. In contrast, when volunteering is mandated for high school students, the impact on income depends on the type of policy and on the time horizon. When the policy requires students to perform free community service, it has no impact on income in the short run but generates a positive return in the long run. In contrast, when the policy requires students to acquire either paid or unpaid work experience, it leads to lower incomes in the short run but has a positive impact in the long run. There are three channels by which it has been suggested that volunteering leads to high labor market returns: human capital accumulation, strengthening of social networks, and signalling high productivity. The results suggest that when volunteering activities are mandated, this breaks the signal to potential employers. However, mandatory volunteering still leads to human capital accumulation and strengthens social networks, and consequently ultimately generates a positive return. Overall, requiring high school students to undertake free community service yields a better labour market outcome in the short run than the mandated work experience policy.
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Cooper, Walter Raymond. "Blood and Treasure: Money and Military Force in Irregular Warfare." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10712.

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Among the most important choices made by groups fighting a civil war -- governments and rebels alike -- is how to allocate available military and pecuniary resources across the contested areas of a conflict-ridden territory. Combatants use military force to coerce and money to persuade and co-opt. A vast body of literature in political science and security studies examines how and where combatants in civil wars apply violence. Scholars, however, have devoted less attention to combatants' use of material inducements to attain their objectives. This dissertation proposes a logic that guides combatants' use of material benefits alongside military force in pursuit of valuable support from communities in the midst of civil war. Focused on the interaction between the military and the local population, the theory envisions a bargaining process between a commander and a community whose support he seeks. The outcome of the bargaining process is a fiscal strategy defined by the extent to which material benefits are distributed diffusely or targeted narrowly. That outcome follows from key characteristics of the community in question that include its sociopolitical solidarity (or fragmentation) and its economic resilience (or vulnerability). I evaluate the theory of fiscal strategies through a series of case studies from the Philippine-American War of 1899-1902. As a further test of external validity, I consider the theory's applicability to key events from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
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Finley, Alexandra Jolyn. "Blood Money: Sex, Family, and Finance in the Antebellum Slave Trade." W&M ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1499450046.

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This dissertation examines the economic contributions of enslaved and free women’s domestic and reproductive labor in the antebellum slave trade from 1820 to 1865. By looking for women’s work in unexpected places, such as the slave market, which historians have argued is a masculine space, this project highlights the various ways that feminine labor, including sewing, washing, and nursing, contributed to the economy of the slaveholding South. The nature of the slave market, with its cash valuation of human flesh and emphasis on the appearance and health of enslaved men and women, gives a brutal example of how domestic and reproductive labor is monetized. In order to make these connections tangible, the dissertation considers five case studies of women who labored in the domestic slave trade. their lives demonstrate how the household was connected to the marketplace, how domestic labor blurred the lines between public and private, and how women’s labor is the foundation of economic growth.
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Harris, Meinir Elin. "Galanas a sarhaed yng Nghyfraith Hywel." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497859.

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Un ystyr galanas oedd 'lladdedigaeth'. Ar ol Haddedigaeth bodolai cyflwr o elyniaeth, sef galanas, rhwng cenhedloedd y Iladdwr a'r Iladdedig. I ddod A'r elyniaeth i ben roedd yn rhaid dial neu dalu iawndal. Cyfatebai'r t5l hwn a'r gwerth ar fywyd dyn, a elwid yn alanas hefyd. Telid. sarlwed ar y cyd A galanas. Niwed i anrhydedd rhywun a'r iawndal am y fath niwed oedd sarhaed. Mae'r traethawd hwn yn trafod dau gysyniad cysylltiedig ac amrywiaeth o bynciau sy'n ymwneud a hwy. Trafodir braint (statws) aelodau'r gymdeithas a adjewyrchwyd gan werth eu galanas a'u sarhaed. Yr oedd y genedl (y 'kin') yn chwarae rol hanfodol mewn cymdeithas a chan fod. ei haelodau yn talu am alanas gyda'r Iladdwr, ac yn ei derbyn gyda'r Haddedig, rhaid, ei thrafod. Yr oedd y dull o weithredu galanas yn bwysig. Erbyn y drydedd ganrif ar ddeg, roedd y gyfundrefn oedd a'i gwreiddiau mewn dial wedi datblygu'n system Hawn dyfeisiau er mwyn tynnu'r ddwy blaid at ei gilydd mewn cymod. Yr oedd oedi a phwyllo yn ganolog. Mae taliadau galanas yn faterion cymhleth yr ymdrinnir a hwy yn fanwl. Trafodir, yn ogystal, gwahanol fathau o ladd. Lladd mewn Ilid oedd y Iladdedigaeth arferol ond roedd achosion mwy difrifol hefyd, fel Iladdedigaethau cudd. Mae'r cyfreithiau yn trafod sawl gwahanol fath o ladd gan gynnwys achosi braw a marw o ganlyniad i esgeulustod coediwr. Yr oedd angen rhyw elfen o fwriad neu esgeulustod er mwyn i genedl y Iladdedig fedru hawlio galanas; ni thelid galanas am weithred hollol ddamweiniol. Fodd bynnag, yr oedd angen bwriad, ae nid esgeulustod yn unig, er mwyn medru hawlio sarhaed. Y mae cyfraith galanas a sarhaed yn datgelu Ilawer ynglgn a chymdeithas yr Oesoedd Canol yng Nghymru a'r delfrydau a rwymodd ddynion at ei gilydd.
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Hershiser, Carl Mehmet. "Blood honor and money : Turkish oiled wrestling and the commodification of traditional culture /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Wolf, Karen. "Blood, Mud, and Money: Place and Public Land Conflicts in the Shawnee Hills." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/867.

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This dissertation examines conflicts involving the use of public land for both extractive resources and recreational purposes in Southern Illinois from an anthropological perspective. These conflicts are examined in terms of place, western ideas of nature and culture, and the debate concerning conservation versus preservation. The beginning point for this work was the question of whether or not place building influences conflicts over public land. The conflicts that this work encompasses are logging, hunting, use of off-road vehicles, equestrian, and hydraulic fracturing. My goal was to look at different recreational conflicts of Southern Illinois and determine how issues of place, nature and culture, and conservation versus preservation ethics play into those conflicts. What I found is that all of these factors are inextricably intertwined and that both sides of these conflicts are informed by the identities and place-making of those involved and the perception of those identities and places.
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Morton, Matthew G. "Blood Money: A Study of the Effect of Fighting on Player Salaries in the National Hockey League." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/285.

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Fighting has been a centerpiece of the National Hockey League since it was formed in 1917. Although rules have been introduced regulating the physicality of play in the NHL, fighting is demanded—and encouraged—by fans and players alike. Fans have long been attracted to the violence of professional hockey; previous studies have documented that professional hockey is a “blood sport” that generates revenues with violence. This research investigates the effect of fighting on player salaries in the NHL, examining the way in which fighting has become a strategic element of the game, describing the way players enforce their own “Code” of hockey rules and police the ice in ways referees cannot, and comparing the salaries of fighters and skilled players to determine how players in different roles are valued.
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Gaga, Filip Daniel. ""This money begged here is paid with blood" : A qualitative study of the Romanian beggars' perceptions on their health status before and during begging, and their health maintaining strategies in Uppsala, Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-263389.

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Introduction The beggars are one the most vulnerable and stigmatized groups in the European society and are determined to live in substandard conditions, characterized by lack of sanitation and overcrowdings, and bare the harsh weather conditions to earn their living. Often, they have limited access to healthcare and their lifestyle has a great impact upon their health. However, little is known about their own perceptions of their health and their strategies to keep it. Aim The aim was to explore the Romanian beggars’ perceptions of their health prior to and during begging, the perceived consequences of begging on their health, and their coping strategies to maintain health while begging in Uppsala, Sweden. Method Data was collected from 8 semi-structured interviews in Uppsala, Sweden during March 2015. The collected data was then analysed using manifest qualitative content analysis. Findings The Romanian beggars in Uppsala perceived their health status to be affected through their activity. Physical consequences involved developing new illnesses and conditions, but also aggravating previous health conditions, and mental consequences included degrading and marginalizing effects of begging, but also harassment from passersby. Access to healthcare in Sweden was limited and determined the beggars to develop alternative strategies for health management or to return to Romania for treatment.     Conclusion The health status was found to be both negatively and positively affected through complex interactions between the individual and the surrounding levels: social network, community, institutions and society. More attention should be given to this group from all levels to improve their health status.
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Rhoads, Megan K. "CHARACTERIZATION OF SPONTANEOUS HYPERTENSION IN CHLOROCEBUS AETHIOPS SABAEUS, THE AFRICAN GREEN MONKEY." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/biology_etds/55.

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Hypertension is a complex multifactorial pathology that is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and end stage renal disease. In the United States, hypertension affects over 1 in 3 adults and comprises an annual cost of over $58 billion in the healthcare industry. While remarkable strides in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension have been made since the pathology was first treated in the 1960s, a remarkable 13% of patients with elevated blood pressures are classified as resistant hypertensive, where blood pressure remains uncontrolled while on three or more classes of anti-hypertensive drugs. This treatment gap suggests that researchers need to develop and utilize translational models that recapitulate the pathologies seen in patient populations. Non-human primates (NHP) are highly similar to humans in terms of physiology, circadian rhythmicity, behavior, and gene sequence and structure. Development of NHP models that spontaneously develop pathologies, like spontaneous hypertension, provide novel and vital tools to studying disease. Overall, this dissertation is a comparative analysis of the mechanisms that drive the development of spontaneous hypertension in Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus, an Old World non-human primate, and known mediators of essential hypertension in human populations. Chapter 2 presents how hypertensive (HT) African Green Monkeys (AGMs) are older, with elevated heart rates, increased renal vascular wall/lumen ratios, and altered glomerular morphologies compared to normotensive (NT) controls. Chapter 3 describes metabolic studies performed in a large cohort of animals that identified elevated proteinuria and ion excretion in HT AGMs compared to NT animals. Chapter 4 focuses on the contribution of sympathetic nervous system to the development of hypertension in this animal model and describes the significant left ventricular hypertrophy and elevation of adrenergic receptor mRNA in HT AGMs. Chapter 5 examines how age affects hypertension and renal function in the NT and HT AGMs. Together these data provide a foundational basis for the development of spontaneous hypertension in the AGM and provide a novel translational model for the study of cardiovascular disease.
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Jörn, Nils. ""With money and bloode" : der Londoner Stalhof im Spannungsfeld der englisch-hansischen Beziehungen im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert /." Köln ; Weimar ; Wien : Böhlau, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38829166n.

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Books on the topic "Blood money"

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Egleton, Clive. Blood money. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998.

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Grippando, James. Blood money. New York: HarperCollins, Pub., 2013.

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Blood money. London: Piatkus, 2007.

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Blood money. New York: Harper, 2013.

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Blood money. London: Robert Hale, 2013.

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Blood money. New York: Ballantine Books, 2002.

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Perry, Thomas. Blood money. Rockland, MA: Wheeler Pub., 2000.

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Blood money. London: Piatkus, 2008.

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Linedecker, Clifford L. Blood money. New York: Pinnacle Books, 1993.

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Hunt, Arlene. Blood money. Leicester: Charnwood, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Blood money"

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Pothast, Emily. "Magic, Money, Ink, and Blood." In Religious Dimensions of Conspiracy Theories, 31–56. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003120940-4.

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Dominique, Lyndon J. "African Blood, Colonial Money, and Respectable Mulatto Heiresses Reforming Eighteenth-Century England." In The Cultural Politics of Blood, 1500–1900, 84–104. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137338211_5.

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Chakraborty, Shreya, and Subrato Banerjee. "“Blood Money”: From Compensation to Transformative Justice for Peace and Sustainability." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71066-2_65-1.

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Chakraborty, Shreya, and Subrato Banerjee. "“Blood Money”: From Compensation to Transformative Justice for Peace and Sustainability." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 13–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95960-3_65.

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Eriksen, Christoffer Basse. "Circulation of Blood and Money in Leviathan – Hobbes on the Economy of the Body." In History of Economic Rationalities, 31–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52815-1_4.

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Smith, Wade R., and David Lai. "United States vs. North Korea in No-Limit Poker: Alligator Blood or Dead Money?" In U.S.-China Strategic Relations and Competitive Sports, 207–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92200-9_9.

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Bækgaard, Jonas Taudal. "Ice-as-Money and Dreams-as-Ice: Christos Ikonomou’s “The Blood of the Orange” and the Critique of Liquidity." In Languages of Resistance, Transformation, and Futurity in Mediterranean Crisis-Scapes, 249–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36415-1_13.

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Fleck, Leonard M. "Just Caring: Precision Health vs. Ethical Ambiguity: Can we Afford the Ethical and Economic Costs?" In Human Perspectives in Health Sciences and Technology, 205–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92612-0_13.

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AbstractMany see “precision medicine” and “precision health” complementing one another. Precision medicine is critical when we have a life-threatening cancer that could be managed with a targeted cancer therapy. Still, we would rationally prefer whatever medicine might offer that would either prevent the emergence of that cancer or treat it in its earliest stages, the goal of precision health. Dr. Raza, an oncologist, argues in a book titled “The First Cell” that we should abandon paying for targeted therapies for metastatic cancer, and use that money to detect cancer up front using “liquid biopsies” to identify cancer cells in the blood at $500 each, or $100 billion per year. However, I argue that this would be neither a wise nor just use of limited health care resources. Granted, targeted therapies for most patients yield costly marginal gains in life expectancy. Still, we would be sacrificing identified lives for the statistical lives we hoped to save with liquid biopsy tests. We could do Whole Genome Sequencing of the entire population at $3000 per person, looking for the 10% of the population with a heritable cancer, again neither a wise nor just use of limited health care resources. We could fund research to identify biomarkers that would identify cancer patients who would be strong responders to targeted therapies and deny these therapies at social expense to moderate responders. The money saved could be used for targeted precision health efforts. What is really fair? Answering this question requires developing processes of fair and inclusive rational democratic deliberation. What choices are our healthy selves willing to pay for and live with if we develop cancer?
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Bodsch, W., K. Takahashi, B. Grosse Ophoff, and K. A. Hossmann. "Local Rates of Cerebral Protein Synthesis in the Gerbil and Monkey Brain." In Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism Measurement, 481–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70054-5_71.

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Panigel, Maurice, Carolyn Coulam, Gerald Wolf, Anthony Zeleznik, Frank Leone, and Celia Podesta. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Placental Circulation Using Gadolinium-DTPA as a Paramagnetic Marker in the Rhesus Monkey in Vivo and the Perfused Human Placenta in Vitro." In Placental Vascularization and Blood Flow, 271–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8109-3_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Blood money"

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Petrig, B. L., C. E. Riva, and S. S. Hayreh. "Optic Nerve Head Blood Flow in the Rhesus Monkey Measured by Laser Doppler Flowmetry." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1992.mc3.

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Konala, Bhaskar Chandra, Ashish Das, Mohamed Effat, Arif Imran, and Rupak K. Banerjee. "Misinterpretation of the Functional Severity of Coronary Stenosis Due To Variability in Arterial Wall Compliance." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19564.

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Effect of arterial wall compliance on the invasive coronary diagnostic parameters for various severities of coronary stenoses was assessed. The Mooney-Rivlin model was used to define the non-linear properties of the arterial wall and the plaque regions. The non-Newtonian viscosity of blood was modeled using the Carreau model. A finite element method was employed to solve the pulsatile fluid (blood)-structure (arterial wall) interaction (FSI) equations. Variability in the diagnostic parameter values can occur near the cut-off value due to change in compliance of stenotic arteries between the range of 84% and 89% area stenosis. This may lead to misdiagnosis and might wrongly lead to postponement of coronary intervention.
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Mika Naganawa, Hideo Tsukada, Hiroyuki Ohba, Kiichi Ishiwata, Chie Seki, Miho Shidahara, and Yuichi Kimura. "Omission of serial arterial blood sampling for quantitative analysis of monkey PET data using independent component analysis-based method." In 2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2007.4437112.

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Ward, M., T. Pavlina, R. Butchin, R. Johnson, and R. Cotter. "RAPID ONSET INHIBITION OF AFRICAN GREEN MONKEY PLATELETS AFTER INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF A MARINE OIL LIPID EMULSION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643386.

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To evaluate how rapidly and to what extent a lipid emulsion rich in n-3 fatty acids could alter platelet function, six male juvenile African Green Monkeys (4-6 kg) were given a 6-hour IV continuous infusion of a 10% marine oil (MO) lipid emulsion (5 ml /kg/hr). Following a 21-day washout period, the same monkeys were given a similar infusion of a 10% soybean oil (SO) lipid emulsion (TRAVAMULSION®, Travenol Labs). Blood samples were collected pre-infusion, and at 6, 12, and 24 hours following initiation of infusion, upon which the following were measured: whole blood platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 release following collagen activation, platelet count, and platelet total fatty acid composition (pre-infusion and 24 hrs only). Lipid Emulsion Fatty Acid Composition: mg/ml(% total F.A.) Both emulsions elicited comparable reductions in both platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 release immediately following infusion (6 hr). Platelet aggregation response after MO was significantly less than that after SO at both 12 (pc.001) and 24 hrs (p<.001), and thromboxane B2 release was significantly less after MO vs SO at 24 hrs (p<.03). Platelet counts remained unchanged after both treatments. Platelet total fatty acid analyses revealed significant increases in % total F.A. for C20:5 [1.87(pre) vs 4.79(24hr); p<.005] and for C22:6 [1.09(pre) vs 3.15(24hr); p<.001] and significant decreases in % total F.A. for C18:2 [8.94(pre) vs 7.77(24hr); p<.05] and C20:4 [22.6(pre) vs 19.6(24hr) p<.05], following infusion of M0. Following infusion of SO, the % total F.A. change in C22:6 was the only one of significance [0.85(pre) vs 1.25(24hr); p<.05]. This was attributed to the C18:3 in the SO lipid emulsion. Whereas the IV infusion of an n-6 rich lipid emulsion has little effect upon platelet fatty acid composition and function, similar administration of an n-3 rich lipid emulsion markedly reduces platelet function and effects a significant increase in the n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio of the platelets.
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5

Tang, Dalin, Chun Yang, Shunichi Kobayashi, and David N. Ku. "Quantifying Effects of Controlling Factors on Flow and Stress Distribution in Stenotic Arteries With Lipid Cores." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41113.

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2D and 3D multi-physics experiment-based nonlinear models with fluid-structure interactions (FSI) and structure-structure interactions (SSI) are introduced to model blood flow and stress/strain distributions in stenotic arteries with lipid pools. Material properties for the vessel and plaque are based on experimental measurements and information available in the literature (Huang et. al., 2001; Tang et. al., 2001). The Navier-Stokes equations are used as the governing equations for the fluid. Mooney-Rivlin models are used for both arteries and lipid cores. A well-tested finite element package ADINA is used to solve the models to perform flow and stress/strain analysis. Our results indicate that artery plaque stress/strain distributions are affected considerably (50%–400% or even more) by vessel material properties, stenosis severity and eccentricity, tube axial pre-stretch, pressure conditions, lipid core material property, size, position and geometry, and fluid-structure and structure-structure (vessel wall and lipid core) interactions. Differences in model assumptions and controlling factor specifications must be taken into consideration when interpreting the significance of computational results.
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6

Iga, Y., K. Tanaka, M. Tsukada, S. Kameyama, S. Morichi, and T. Suyama. "Thrombolytic Properties of Pro-Urokinase, Plasminogen Proactivator (PPA)." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643031.

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Thrombolytic properties of highly purified plasminogen proactivator (PPA) isolated from culture medium of human kidney cells were compared with those of human urinary urokinase(u-UK). When 125-I-PPA or u-UK was added to whole blood perfusion medium containing preformed thrombi made from whole blood by Chandler loop method, the rates of uptake by the thrombi of PPA and u-UK for 4 hrs were only 2.5% and 2.7% respectively. Using the same thrombi and perfusion medium, an in vitro thrombolytic effect of PPA was examined over a 4 hr period. In early perfusion time, a lag phase was observed in the lysis-time curve of PPA, but not of u-UK. After the lag phase, the lysis by PPA increased linearly without early reaching a low level plateau that was characteristic of the lysis by u-UK. At 4hr, the PPA percent lysis was higher than the u-UK figure. Half lives in rabbit of 125-I-labelled PPA and u-UK iv doses were 5.1±0.2 min and 7.3±0.2 min respectively.The thrombolytic ability of PPA in vivo was evaluated in rabbit pulmonary embolism induced by iv 125-I-fibrin suspension as well as cynomolgus monkey femoral vein thrombosis produced by formation of 125-I-fibrinogen labelled clot in an isolated segment of the vein. In both models, PPA was as effective in thrombolysis as u-UK. However conversion to active UK form, consumptions of plsminogen and PI, fibrinogenolysis and prolongation of APTT in plasma were minor in the PPA group, but not in the u-UK group. It is thus suggested that PPA may cause a local activation limited on the fibrin to lead to a lysis of the thrombi without incurring systemic fibrinolysis
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7

Folts, J. D. "A MODEL OF ACUTE PLATELET THROMBUS FORMATION IN STENOSED CORONARY AND CAROTID ARTERIES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643712.

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There is currently a great deal of interest in the diagnosis and treatment of unstable angina and silent ischemia.Many feel that these syndromes are due, in part, to periodic accumulation of platelet thrombi which subsequently embolize.In addition, anti-piatelet therapy is also considered necessary for patients after coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG'S), balloon angioplasty, and thrombolysis. Currently the two antiplatelet agents most commonly prescribed for the patient conditions mentioned above are aspirin (ASA), alone or in combination with dipyridamole (Dip). ASA reduces cardiac events in patients with unstable angina, and prolongs CABG graft patency. The addition of Dip to ASA therapy is very confusing since most studies done compared ASA + Dip to placebo. In several studies however,when an ASA group was compared to an ASA + Dip group there was no significant difference.We have developed and will describe ananimal model of coronary artery stenosis in the dog and the pig, or carotid arterystenosis in the monkey and the rabbit, with intimal damage, that simulates some ofthe conditions that exist in patients with coronary or carotid artery disease. The artery to be studied is dissected outand blood flow is continuously measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter probe. As acute platelet thrombus formation (APTF) developes in the stenosed lumen, the blood flow declines to low levels, producing ischemia until the thrombus emobolizesdistally resulting in abrupt restoration of blood flow. These cyclical flow reductions (CFR's), when they occur in the coronaries, produce ECG changes identical to those observed in patients with silent ischemia and unstable angina. They also produce significant transient regional dyskinesis of the ventricular wall, which resolves when blood flow is restored. Histologic examination of myocardial tissue in the bed distal to the stenosis shows focal areas of ischemic change presumably caused by the embolized platelet emboli.We have examined factors which exacerbate the size and frequency of these CFR"ssuch as; IV infusion of epinephrine (E) 0.4 μg/kg/min for 15 min, ventilating the animals with cigarette smoke, infusing nicotine IV, or placing chewing tobacco under the tongue.We have examined four groups of agentswhich prevent APTF in our model.1. Antiplatelet agents including ASA, indomethacin, ibuprofen and several other NSAI agentsas well as several experimental thromboxane synthetase inhibitors. These agents all block the production of TXA2and inhibit APTF in our model. Unfortunately the IV infusion of E reinstates APTtemporarily (by another biochemical pathway) until the E is metabolized. High (2-4 mg/kg) doses of Dip, alone or with sub threshold dose of ASA does nothing to I APTF.However,0.6mg/kg of chi orpromaz i ne abolishes APTF in all four species and protects agents renewal of APTF by E.2. Dietary Substances In our model, caffeine 10 mg/kg, or the extract from two garlic cloves, or enough ethanol to achieve a blood alcohol level of 0.07 mg% all significantly inhibit or abolish APTF in our model.3. Metabolic Inhibitors POCA, an oral hypoglycemic agent, which inhibits mitochondrial beta oxidation of fatty acids also inhibits APTF in our model possibly by reducing ATP production in the platelet.4. We have studied a monoclonal antibody(developed by Dr. Barry Coller) to the platelet I Ib�I I la glycoprotein receptor where fibrinogen binds platelets into aggregates and ultimately leads to APTF. This antibody 0.3 mg/kg/completely inhibits APTF, and also strongly inhibits in vitro platelet aggregation in response to either ADP or collagen given alone or each combined with E. This antibody is the most potent inhibitor of APTF that we have studied.
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8

Hiramatsu, Yuko, Atsushi Ito, Akira Sasaki, and Rochaporn Chansawang. "A Survey of Forest Bathing Using EEG Measurement for New Tourism after COVID-19." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001803.

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13 million hectares of forest were lost from 2000 to 2010 (ITTO International Tropical Timber Organization) Agricultural development is one of the reasons for this deforestation. The benefits of agricultural developments are significant for residents. On the other hands, If forest protection is important for the world, what brings them better benefits than agricultural developments? It is necessary not to undermine the interests of residents for the cause of other regions, but also to benefit from participating, and to actively embark on forest conservation in order to nurture forests.Considering the global issue of forest conservation, we deal with tourism in nature, especially forest bathing in this paper. Tourists not only give money for local people, but also gives people the perception that forests are not a hindrance to cultivation, but rather meaningful resources for themselves. Research in Japan has been studying the stress reduction effects of forest bathing in the last 10 years. There are physical declines in stress hormones such as blood pressure, pulse and salivary cortisol, promotion of parasympathetic nerve activity, and decreased sympathetic nerve activity even in forest bathing for about 20 minutes (Koyama, 2009). There is also research (Takeda, 2009) that analyzed the atmosphere of forests and measured phytoncide components such as terpenes emanated from trees. It told that forest bathing is effective in reducing physical and mental parts. However, these are often influenced by weather and personal factors of subjects (Alpine,2012). In addition, since the measurement method is complicated for the physiological part, it has not reached the investigation of the scale which can be general-purpose. Research originated in Japan on forest bathing is progressing overseas aiming at the elimination of Over tourism now. We had experiments in Oku-Nikko, the Natural Park in Japan on September and November 2021. We tried to measure effects of forest bathing by performing the degrees of relaxation using EEG Measurement:αwaves increased in certain areas, and multiple subjective evaluations. The participants walked in the forest wearing bandana with simple electroencephalography on the experiments. Though temperatures and deciduous conditions are different in September and in November, effects of forest bathing were observed in both experiments. It is about 26,27℃ in the forest of Oku-Nikko on September. On the other hands, we had the experiment not as high as 10℃ on November. It seems that the situations are not so suitable for experiments in the forest bathing because of the large temperature gap. However, forest bathing has become a hot topic in foreign countries and the compositions of forests varies enclosing temperature are different among those countries. Therefore, considering such different phases is useful for our research, we will lead to the versatility of forest bathing. Participants walked some courses on September. One group walked the same 30-minute course at the forest along a fall in September (n=3) and November (n=10). According to the results of Positive and Negative Affect Schedule（PANAS）scales of 13 participants (yes/no answer), total numbers of “yes” were increased from18 at the start point to 34 after walking. The answer “active” increased from３to 11after the walking in the forest (60 minutes walking). All participants were 20s. They answered that they liked to walk in the nature. However, 5 of them answered the average exercise time per week is less than an hour and 3 participants answered 1 hour or less than 3 hours, 4 participants answered 3 hours or less than 5 hours and only 1 participant answered he exercises 5 hours or less than 10 hours per week. On the other hands, negative items decreased from 14 to 6 after walking in the forest. In addition, αwave came out loudly when 3 participants stopped to see a waterfall which was flowing sideways of the forest in September. According to our experiments, there is a possibility that forest bathing makes people feel better regardless of temperature. Participants became positive after walking in the forest. We have to proceed to analyze the date for subjective evaluation and will examine the EEG data on November, too.We started to research and will continue to use EEG measurement and will have subjective evaluation to enhance evidence for forest bathing enclosing other countries. The forests in Thailand are so different from Japanese ones. Thailand have had too many tourists in several famous cities before COVID-19. There are great forests in Thailand. We will cooperate and will find the common effects of forest bathing. In addition, informing tourists themselves of the effects of forest bathing on the spot using incorporating the brain wave measurement function into the app in the future, it will be useful for new tourism after COVID-19.
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9

Folts, J. D., and S. R. Smith. "DIPYRIDAMOLE ALONE OR WITH LOW DOSE ASPIRIN DOES NOT PREVENT ACUTE PLATELET THROMBUS FORMATION IN STENOSED DOG CORONARY ARTERIES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643577.

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Dipyridamole (Dip) is reputed to inhibit (I) platelet aggregation (PA) and acute thrombus formation (ATF) by two mechanisms including inhibiting 1.) platelet (Pt) phosphodiesterase, 2.) adenosine (A) reuptake by red cells, which should raise plasma A. Both effects should raise Pt cyclic AMP and thus be a potent platelet inhibitor (PI). Because aspirin (AS) inhibits Pt thromboxane A2 production, a synergistic (S) PI effect for ASA and Dip given together has been postulated and used in clinical trials but this S has never been shown to I ATP in any in vivo model, which reasonably mimics human arterial stenosis. We have shown that ATF followed by embolization, occurs periodically in mechanically stenosed (MS) monkey and rabbit carotid arteries, and dog (D) and pig coronary arteries (CA), causing cyclical reductions in coronary blood flow (CRF) (measured with EMF probes) and periodic acute ischemia, and that these CRF can be abolished with a variety of PI including 3.0 mg/kg of ASA. To determine if there is a S effect between ASA and Dip, in open chest D, Dip was given, 2.0 mg/kg IV to D with a MS circumflex CA and having 14±5 CRF’s per hour, due to periodic ATF; and simultaneously flow measured in an unstenosed normal LAD CA. The frequency and size of CRF’s were not changed by Dip, although ABP decreased 21±9 mm Hg and blood flow in the unstenosed LAD increased 259±47%. A low dose of ASA, 1.0 mg/kg, which by itself diminishes but does not abolish CRF’s in this model was given IV 10 min. after Dip and CRF’s continued unchanged. When a second dose of ASA 1.0 mg/kg was given IV to reach the minimum effective dose of ASA in this model, CRF were abolished in all D. Thus Dip was not effective alone or in combination with low dose ASA to I CRF in this model which simulates the patient with stenosed CA. The majority of clinical trials that show inhibition of ATF, used ASA and Dip together without 3 separate patient groups on Dip alone, ASA alone and ASA plus Dip. The widespread use of Dip with ASA to prevent ATF in man needs to be reevaluated.
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10

Tang, Xin, Tony Cappa, Theresa Kuhlenschmidt, Mark Kuhlenschmidt, and Taher A. Saif. "A Novel Way to Characterize the Non-Specific Surface Adhesion of Cancer Cells and Understand Cancer Metastasis." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11953.

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Cancer deaths are mostly caused by the metastasis of the malignant cells, not by the primary tumor itself. During metastasis, cancer cells detach from the primary tumor, spread to different tissues via blood circulation or lymph system, and reattach to invade new tissues and organs. In this project, we hypothesize that cancer cells manage their invasion by changing their surface adhesivity. To study the cell surface adhesivity, a novel and versatile microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) force sensor is developed to quantify the strength of adhesion between living cancer cells and a probe. The Silicon sensors consist of a probe and 2 flexible cantilever beams, while the probe is used to contact the cancer cell and the flexible beams are used to measure the cell force response in the range from nN to uN. The spring constant of the sensor is 14 nN/ μm. Our results demonstrate that the aggressive HCT-8 cells (from human colon adenocarcinoma) show high nonspecific adhesivity when they aggregate into cell islands, and low surface non-specific adhesivity after they disassociate from the cell islands. The surface adhesivity of less aggressive Caco-2 cells (from human colon carcinoma) and normal MA104 cell (from monkey kidney) are found to be lower than that of before-disassociation HCT-8 cells. Furthermore, the adhesion force response of cancer cells is found to show 2-slope force behavior, which is different from previous results of focal-adhesion detachment experiments. The 2-stage force bearing model is proposed to interpret the underlying mechanism.
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