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Journal articles on the topic 'Blood outflow'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Czosnyka, Marek. "Brain Venous Blood Outflow." Neurocritical Care 31, no. 2 (2019): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12028-019-00744-1.

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2

Lung, Mary A., and James C. C. Wang. "Increase or Decrease in Nasal Airway Resistance Induced by Acetylcholine in Anesthetized Dogs: Vascular Mechanisms." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 103, no. 8 (1994): 646–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949410300812.

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In sodium pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs with spontaneous nasal blood flow or constant-flow vascular perfusion of the nasal mucosa, we measured nasal airway resistance, vascular resistance, and arterial inflow and outflow of the anterior and posterior venous systems. Acetylcholine in low doses (<5 μg/kg per minute, intraarterially) increased nasal airway resistance, and the response was greater in dogs with spontaneous blood flow. Nasal vascular resistance was decreased. However, the posterior venous outflow was increased and the anterior venous outflow was decreased in dogs with constant-

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3

Arvidsson, D., H. Svensson, and U. Haglund. "Laser-Doppler flowmetry for estimating liver blood flow." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 254, no. 4 (1988): G471—G476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1988.254.4.g471.

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Whether laser-Doppler flowmetry can be used to monitor liver blood flow was evaluated in a porcine model in which portal venous blood flow was followed indirectly by electromagnetic flowmetry applied to the superior mesenteric artery, and total hepatic venous outflow was measured directly by using an extracorporeal circuit. Hepatic venous outflow at rest was 23.5 +/- 5.7 ml.kg body wt-1.min-1. Occlusion of the hepatic arterial supply reduced hepatic laser-Doppler blood flow to 22%, but hepatic venous outflow only to 80%. Portal venous blood flow remained unchanged or increased slightly. Occlus

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Bateman, Grant. "Hyperemic hydrocephalus: a new form of childhood hydrocephalus analogous to hyperemic intracranial hypertension in adults." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 5, no. 1 (2010): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.8.peds09204.

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Object In the majority of adults with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), there is an elevation in venous pressure associated with a venous outflow stenosis. In about 15% of IIH patients the elevated venous pressure is associated with an elevation in blood flow but little or no evidence of a stenosis. Venostenotic IIH and idiopathic hydrocephalus in children with a normal blood inflow have been shown to be equivalent. The aim of this study was to test whether children with hydrocephalus and an elevated arterial inflow have a vascular pathophysiology that is analogous to the hyperemic f

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5

HSU, CHEUNG-HWA. "NUMERICAL STUDY FOR FLOW IN PHOENIX LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE AT PEAK SYSTOLE." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 16, no. 06 (2004): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237204000463.

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The Phoenix left ventricular assist device is driven by pneumatic pump outside a human body to provide air flow in-and-out of a pneumatic diaphragm inside the blood chamber. The inflation and deflation of the diaphragm drives the blood flows. At peak systole, blood flows into aorta with a maximum flow rate both from natural ventricle and artificial ventricle. To assess the critical condition, blood flow pattern of the device at peak systole is studied. We apply the finite volume method with ϰ – ε turbulent model to simulate the steady flow at peak systole. Results provide a comprehension of fl

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6

Sobota, Lubos, Marek Penhaker, and Jan Kubicek. "Sensor for Blood Outflow in Intravenous Intervention Detection." Acta Mechanica Slovaca 22, no. 1 (2018): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21496/ams.2018.007.

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7

de La Torre, Yannick, Stéphane Velasco, Jean-Pierre Tasu, et al. "Impact of the global outflow angle on recanalization after endovascular treatment of middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 10, no. 12 (2018): 1174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2018-013803.

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Background and purposeIntracranial aneurysm recanalization after endovascular treatment (EVT) remains a major problem. The goal of this study was to find new predictive factors of recanalization after EVT of middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation aneurysms.Methods96 MCA bifurcationaneurysms, ruptured or unruptured, treated by EVT between Septembre 2009 and December 2014, were retrospectively included. Clinical parameters and aneurysm characteristics were recorded. From the initial three-dimensional DSA, spatial coordinates found on parent and daughter arteries of MCA bifurcations gave four d

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Reef, Virginia B., Khosrow Lalezari, Job De Boo, Anton Jan van der Belt, Pamela A. Spencer, and Kees J. Dik. "Pulsed-wave Doppler evaluation of intracardiac blood flow in 30 clinically normal Standardbred horses." American Journal of Veterinary Research 50, no. 1 (1989): 75–83. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1989.50.01.75.

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SUMMARY Pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography was performed on 30 clinically normal 1-to 6-year-old racing Standardbreds. There were 13 females, 13 geldings, and 4 stallions. Cardiac disease was not detected with M-mode, 2-dimensional real-time or pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography. Normal flow velocities for right and left atrial outflow, right and left ventricular outflow, the aorta, and pulmonary artery were determined. Peak flow velocities for right and left atrial outflow occurred during the rapid filling phase and were higher toward the mitral valve (mean, 0.70 ± 0.24 m/s) than toward t

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9

Sowa, Michael G., James R. Mansfield, Gordon B. Scarth, and Henry H. Mantsch. "Noninvasive Assessment of Regional and Temporal Variations in Tissue Oxygenation by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging." Applied Spectroscopy 51, no. 2 (1997): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702971939901.

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A combination of near-infrared spectroscopy and discrete wavelength near-infrared imaging is used to noninvasively monitor the forearm during periods of restricted blood outflow (venous outflow restriction) and interrupted blood inflow (ischemia). Multivariate analysis of image and spectral data time courses was used to identify highly correlated spectral and regional domains, while fuzzy C-means clustering of image time courses was used to reveal finer regional heterogeneities in the response of stressed tissues. Localized near-infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the magnitude of th

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10

Pranevičius, Mindaugas, Dalius Makackas, Andrius Macas, et al. "The Concept of Venous Steal: The Impact of Vascular Stenosis and Outflow Pressure Gradient on Blood Flow Diversion." Medicina 61, no. 4 (2025): 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61040672.

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Vascular steal refers to the diversion of blood flow between collateral vessels that share a common inflow restricted by arterial stenosis. Blood is diverted from the high-pressure to the low-pressure, low-resistance system. Vascular steal is associated with anatomical bypass or vasodilation in the collateral network and is called “the arterial steal”. However, we have demonstrated that in the presence of an outflow gradient (e.g., intra-extracranial), blood is shunted to a lower pressure system, a phenomenon we term “venous steal”. Using Thevenin’s equivalent, we generalized the concept of ve

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11

Hanafi, Z., D. R. Corfield, S. E. Webber, and J. G. Widdicombe. "Tracheal blood flow and luminal clearance of 99mTc-DTPA in sheep." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 4 (1992): 1273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.4.1273.

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Tracheal blood flow and 99mTc-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) clearance were measured in the sheep trachea in vivo. The tracheal arteries were isolated and perfused. An isolated segment of tracheal lumen was filled with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 99mTc-DTPA, and radioactivity was measured in blood from a catheterized tracheal vein. Infusions at constant pressure of methacholine (n = 5), albuterol (n = 6), and histamine (n = 5) increased arterial inflow [+250 +/- 73.0, +74.2 +/- 22.9, +68.9 +/- 39.2% (SE), respectively] and venous outflow (+49.5 +/- 13.8, +11.6 +/- 4

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12

Hoka, S., Z. J. Bosnjak, H. Arimura, and J. P. Kampine. "Regional venous outflow, blood volume, and sympathetic nerve activity during severe hypoxia." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 256, no. 1 (1989): H162—H170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1989.256.1.h162.

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We examined the dynamic changes in venous outflow from the splanchnic, coronary, and remaining other vascular beds and changes in systemic blood volume (SBV) in response to severe hypoxia (PO2 = 17 mmHg) in dogs using cardiopulmonary bypass and a reservoir. Splanchnic venous outflow, which also includes renal outflow in this study, decreased by 40%, and coronary venous outflow increased by 400% at 3.5 min after initiating severe hypoxia. Severe hypoxia caused a marked decrease in SBV of 23 +/- 1 and 9 +/- 2 ml/kg in spleen-intact and splenectomized dogs, respectively. The decrease in SBV was a

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13

Fokin, Vitaly F., Roman B. Medvedev, Natalia V. Ponomareva, et al. "Interrelation of cognitive functions and neural networks with blood flow velocity through the internal jugular vein in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia." Russian Military Medical Academy Reports 40, no. 4 (2021): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rmmar83637.

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Understanding age-related and functional changes in cerebral venous circulation is critical for the development of new preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to maintaining brain health in the elderly. Chronic cerebral ischemia is one of the widespread socially significant vascular diseases caused by a decrease in the level of blood circulation. To assess the role of venous outflow through the internal jugular veins in cognitive decline and neural networks in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia, 30 men and 40 women (average age 66.5 years), cognitive functions and organization o

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14

Hoka, Sumio, Hiroyuki Arimura, Zeljko J. Bosnjak, and John P. Kampine. "Regional venous outflow, blood volume, and sympathetic nerve activity during hypercapnia and hypoxic hypercapnia." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 70, no. 7 (1992): 1032–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y92-142.

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We examined the changes in systemic blood volume and regional venous outflow from the splanchnic, coronary, and other remaining vascular beds in response to acute hypercapnia or hypoxic hypercapnia in dogs, using cardiopulmonary bypass and a reservoir. Hypercapnia [Formula: see text] (1 mmHg = 133 Pa) and hypoxic hypercapnia ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) caused marked decreases in systemic blood volume of 14 ± 3 and 16 ± 3 mL/kg in spleen-intact dogs, and 3 ± 2 and 10 ± 2 mL/kg in splenectomized dogs, respectively. Splanchnic venous outflow increased by 12% at 3.5 min hypercapnia,

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15

Gamas, L., and J. S. Lee. "Density indicator method to measure pulmonary blood flows." Journal of Applied Physiology 60, no. 1 (1986): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.60.1.327.

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The injection of plasma, saline, or erythrocyte (RBC) concentrate into the pulmonary circulation produces a change in the gravimetric density of the blood outflow similar to the dilution curve of dye. We used an improved density-measuring system to assess the flow of these density indicators through the lung in vivo and in vitro perfused dog lobe. From the in vitro density-dilution curves of plasma and RBC concentrate we calculated the pulmonary flow rate and found it to be 1.04 +/- 0.02 (SD) times the measured one. The outflow-dilution curves of gravimetric density were not as broad as those

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16

Czosnyka, Marek, Hugh K. Richards, Zofia Czosnyka, Stefan Piechnik, and John D. Pickard. "Vascular components of cerebrospinal fluid compensation." Journal of Neurosurgery 90, no. 4 (1999): 752–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1999.90.4.0752.

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Object. The aim of the study was to assess how cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure—volume compensation depends on cerebrovascular tone.Methods. In 26 New Zealand White rabbits, intracranial pressure (ICP), arterial blood pressure, and basilar artery blood flow velocity were measured continuously. Saline was infused into the cranial subarachnoid space to assess CSF compensatory parameters: the resistance to CSF outflow, the elastance coefficient, and the amplitude of the ICP pulsatile waveform. Infusions were repeated on two different levels of CO2 concentration in the arterial blood (PaCO2), at

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17

OHNO-MATSUI, KYOKO, NAOTO MORISHIMA, MUTSUKO ITO, SATOSHI YAMASHITA, and TAKASHI TOKORO. "POSTERIOR ROUTES OF CHOROIDAL BLOOD OUTFLOW IN HIGH MYOPIA." Retina 16, no. 5 (1996): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006982-199616050-00009.

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18

Du, Tao, Dan Hu, and David Cai. "Outflow Boundary Conditions for Blood Flow in Arterial Trees." PLOS ONE 10, no. 5 (2015): e0128597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128597.

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19

Twardowski, Z. J., J. C. Van Stone, M. E. Jones, M. E. Klusmeyer, and J. D. Haynie. "Blood recirculation in intravenous catheters for hemodialysis." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 3, no. 12 (1993): 1978–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v3121978.

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Long-term i.v. catheters for hemodialysis have the outflow tip extending approximately 2 to 3 cm beyond the inflow tip to prevent blood recirculation during dialysis; however, the lumens are frequently reversed because of inflow failure (i.e., inadequate flow when the inflow lumen is used for blood inflow into the dialyzer). Blood recirculation with reversed lumens (outflow lumen used for blood inflow) in inflow failure catheters and with standard and reversed lumens in well-functioning catheters was measured. Recirculation was measured at a blood flow of 300 mL/min. Systemic blood samples wer

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20

Midgett, Madeline, Kent Thornburg, and Sandra Rugonyi. "Blood flow patterns underlie developmental heart defects." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 312, no. 3 (2017): H632—H642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00641.2016.

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Although cardiac malformations at birth are typically associated with genetic anomalies, blood flow dynamics also play a crucial role in heart formation. However, the relationship between blood flow patterns in the early embryo and later cardiovascular malformation has not been determined. We used the chicken embryo model to quantify the extent to which anomalous blood flow patterns predict cardiac defects that resemble those in humans and found that restricting either the inflow to the heart or the outflow led to reproducible abnormalities with a dose-response type relationship between blood

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21

Lovrikova, M. A., N. V. Korneyeva, and K. V. Zhmerenetsky. "Arterial and venous circulation in patients with severe stenosis of the internal carotid arteries before and at different periods after carotid endarterect." Public health of the Far East Peer-reviewed scientific and practical journal 3, no. 101 (2024): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33454/1728-1261-2024-3-15-21.

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In continuation of earlier studies of the features of venous outflow from the head and neck in patients with varying degrees of stenosis of the internal carotid arteries (ICA), in this article the authors present data on the features of arterial inflow and venous outflow in patients with a high degree of stenosis before and at different periods after carotid endarterectomy. Material and methods 30 patients with stenosis ˃ 60%, were examined before and after surgery at 10-14 days, 6 months and 1 year. The control group consisted of 30 patients without ICA stenosis and signs of systemic and regi

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22

Takahashi, Makoto, Kanji Matsukawa, Tomoko Nakamoto, et al. "Control of heart rate variability by cardiac parasympathetic nerve activity during voluntary static exercise in humans with tetraplegia." Journal of Applied Physiology 103, no. 5 (2007): 1669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00503.2007.

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Heart rate (HR) is controlled solely by via cardiac parasympathetic outflow in tetraplegic individuals, who lack supraspinal control of sympathetic outflows and circulating catecholamines but have intact vagal pathways. A high-frequency component (HF; at 0.15–0.40 Hz) of the power spectrum of HR variability and its relative value against total power (HF/Total) were assessed using a wavelet transform to identify cardiac parasympathetic outflow. The relative contribution of cardiac parasympathetic and sympathetic outflows to controlling HR was estimated by comparing the HF/Total-HR relationship

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23

Ogilvie, Richard I., and Danuta Zborowska-Sluis. "Analysis of venous flow transients for estimation of vascular resistance, compliance, and blood flow distribution." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 65, no. 9 (1987): 1884–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y87-292.

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We analysed venous flow transients using a long venous circuit and right heart bypass in 17 dogs after a rapid decrease in atrial pressure. A biphase curve was obtained which we decomposed into a two-compartmental model, one with a fast time constant for venous return (0.069 min) and 52% of total circulating flow [Formula: see text], and one with a slower time constant (0.456 min) and 48% of [Formula: see text]. Subsequently, separate drainage from splanchnic and peripheral beds (with the renal venous return in the peripheral bed drainage) allowed comparison of time constants and venous outflo

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Napriyenko, M. V., V. Yu Oknin, A. G. Sazonova, and L. M. Kudayeva. "Type A botulinum toxin (disport) in treatment of chronic forms of primary headache." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 7, no. 5-1 (2008): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2008-5-1-270-275.

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The aim of this investigation is to study the effect of BTA on the cerebral blood flow in patients with chronic daily headache. The analysis of Doppler ultrasonography and transcranial Dopplergraphy findings has shown the following: after the treatment 34% of the patients had no extravasal effect and in 66% of the patients it became moderate and after the treatment normal venous outflow was found in 58% of the patients . The results of the pilot study demonstrate the effect of BT-A injection on the cerebral blood flow by means of optimizing both the arterial blood flow and the venous outflow f

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Rådegran, G., H. Pilegaard, J. J. Nielsen, and J. Bangsbo. "Microdialysis ethanol removal reflects probe recovery rather than local blood flow in skeletal muscle." Journal of Applied Physiology 85, no. 2 (1998): 751–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.2.751.

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The present study compared the microdialysis ethanol outflow-inflow technique for estimating blood flow (BF) in skeletal muscle of humans with measurements by Doppler ultrasound of femoral artery inflow to the limb (BFFA). The microdialysis probes were inserted in the vastus lateralis muscle and perfused with a Ringer acetate solution containing ethanol, [2-3H]adenosine (Ado), andd-[14C(U)]glucose. BFFA at rest increased from 0.16 ± 0.02 to 1.80 ± 0.26 and 4.86 ± 0.53 l/min with femoral artery infusion of Ado (AdoFA,i) at 125 and 1,000 μg ⋅ min−1 ⋅ l−1thigh volume (low dose and high dose, resp

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26

Twardowski, Z. J., and J. D. Haynie. "Measurements of Hemodialysis Catheter Blood Flow in Vivo." International Journal of Artificial Organs 25, no. 4 (2002): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139880202500405.

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The relationship between the blood flow and inflow and outflow pressures was determined in PermCath, dual lumen catheters during regular hemodialyses in vivo in eight patients with average hematocrit of 38%. From the luer lock connector the catheters had an average length of 32 cm to the outflow tip and 30 cm to the inflow tip. The catheters had an internal diameter of 0.2 cm and were straight before implantation. Dialyses were performed on Fresenius 2008 D or E machines with ReadySet™ blood lines with an 8 mm ID pump segment and a noncollapsible arterial chamber. Pressures and blood flows wer

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27

Andrade, James N. B. M. de, Angelo J. Stopiglia, Denise T. Fantoni, Maria C. Abduch, and Marcia Kahvegian. "Outflow occlusion for circulatory arrest in dogs." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29, no. 2 (2009): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2009000200009.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of producing circulatory arrest by occlusion of the pulmonary trunk as an alternative to the venous inflow occlusion through the left hemithorax. Eight healthy mongrel dogs were divided in two groups. Group I underwent 4 minutes of outflow occlusion and Group II was submitted to 8 minutes of circulatory arrest. Outflow occlusion was performed through left thoracotomy and pericardiotomy by passing a Rumel tourniquet around the pulmonary trunk. Physical examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography, blood gas analyses, hemodynamic, a

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28

Grieb, P., R. E. Forster, D. Strome, C. W. Goodwin, and P. C. Pape. "O2 exchange between blood and brain tissues studied with 18O2 indicator-dilution technique." Journal of Applied Physiology 58, no. 6 (1985): 1929–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.58.6.1929.

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A technique has been developed to record 18O2 dilution curves of an organ in vivo by use of 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes as a reference tracer. The technique employs anaerobic sampling of venous outflow following an intraarterial injection of tracer-laden blood and off-line determination of [18O2] and [51Cr] profiles in the venous outflow. O2 and reference indicator-dilution curves of cerebral circulation were recorded in eight experiments with six halothane-anesthetized dogs. Autologous blood labeled with the tracers was injected into a carotid artery, and brain venous outflow was sampled from t

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29

Veselovskaya, E., and G. Sevryukova. "FEATURES OF CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS IN PEOPLE OF PRE-RETIREMENT AGE." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry 10, no. 3 (2024): 32–44. https://doi.org/10.29039/2413-1725-2024-10-3-32-44.

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The article is devoted to the study of cerebral hemodynamics in people of pre-retirement age, differentiated by age and sex criteria and types of systemic circulation (women (n = 104), men (n = 83). Objective: to research of the features of cerebral hemodynamics in people of pre-retirement age. Evaluation of blood supply to the brain was carried out at rest using the reoencephalographic method. The reoencephalographic examination was performed in 4 leads (FM, OM left hemisphere; FM, OM right hemisphere). Indicators were registered: integral index of pulse filling, amplitude-frequency index, rh

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ZHANG, Chong, Jian HU, Yi-ming NI, Zhi-nong JIANG, and He-yun XU. "Giant blood cyst tumor in the left ventricular outflow tract." Chinese Medical Journal 120, no. 12 (2007): 1109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00029330-200706020-00015.

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Doyle, Mark, Susan A. Mulligan, Tetsuya Matsuda, and Gerald M. Pohost. "Outflow refreshment angiography: A bright blood, bright static tissue technique." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 10, no. 6 (1992): 887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0730-725x(92)90442-3.

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Hickner, R. C., U. Ekelund, S. Mellander, U. Ungerstedt, and J. Henriksson. "Muscle blood flow in cats: comparison of microdialysis ethanol technique with direct measurement." Journal of Applied Physiology 79, no. 2 (1995): 638–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.79.2.638.

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A quantitative validation of the microdialysis ethanol technique was performed in cat gastrocnemius muscle. Six to eight microdialysis probes were inserted into the isolated muscle preparation and perfused (0.5–10.0 microliters/min) with Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing between 5 and 1,000 mmol/l ethanol. Skeletal muscle blood flow was held constant in the range of 4–99 ml.100 g-1.min-1 by a servo-controlled roller pump and was determined with the microdialysis ethanol technique as well as by timed collection of venous outflow. The ethanol concentration outflow-to-inflow ratio ([ethanol]colle

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Wible, J. H., F. C. Luft, and J. A. DiMicco. "Hypothalamic GABA suppresses sympathetic outflow to the cardiovascular system." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 254, no. 4 (1988): R680—R687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1988.254.4.r680.

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We studied the cardiovascular effects of altering GABA-ergic tone in the posterior hypothalamus in rats. Animals were equipped with chronic guide cannulas placed in the posterior hypothalamus, arterial and venous catheters, and a bipolar electrode on the splanchnic nerve. Microinjected bilaterally into the posterior hypothalamus in conscious rats, the postsynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonists bicuculline methiodide and picrotoxin rapidly increased heart rate, blood pressure, and sympathetic nerve activity. Microinjection of the GABA agonist muscimol into this same region decrease

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Okoro, Kelechukwu U., Timothy R. Larsen, and John C. Lystash. "Systemic Embolization from an Unusual Intracardiac Mass in the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract." Case Reports in Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4513623.

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Endocarditis can affect any endocardial surface; in the vast majority of cases, the cardiac valves are involved. It is exceedingly rare to develop infective endocarditis on the endocardium of the left ventricular outflow tract due to the high velocity of blood that traverses this area. Herein, we present a rare case of left ventricular outflow tract endocarditis that likely occurred secondary to damage to the aortic valve leaflets (from healed prior aortic valve endocarditis) causing a high velocity aortic valve regurgitant jet that impinged upon the interventricular septum which damaged the e

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Notay, Karambir, Anthony V. Incognito, and Philip J. Millar. "Acute beetroot juice supplementation on sympathetic nerve activity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled proof-of-concept study." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 313, no. 1 (2017): H59—H65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00163.2017.

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Acute dietary nitrate ([Formula: see text]) supplementation reduces resting blood pressure in healthy normotensives. This response has been attributed to increased nitric oxide bioavailability and peripheral vasodilation, although nitric oxide also tonically inhibits central sympathetic outflow. We hypothesized that acute dietary [Formula: see text] supplementation using beetroot (BR) juice would reduce blood pressure and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) at rest and during exercise. Fourteen participants (7 men and 7 women, age: 25 ± 10 yr) underwent blood pressure and MSNA measurement

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Kawalec-Rutkowska, Agata Maria, Joanna Czaja, Marcin Skuła, and Marian Simka. "Blood Flow in the Internal Jugular Veins in the Lateral Decubitus Body Position in the Healthy People." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 4 (2025): 1211. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14041211.

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Background: Some studies have suggested that the lateral decubitus position during sleep may protect the brain from neurodegenerative processes. Although the mechanisms of such possible protection are not known, an optimal venous outflow may be responsible. Venous outflow from the cranial cavity is dependent on the body’s position. However, to date, flow in the internal jugular veins (IJVs) in the lateral position has not been studied quantitatively. Methods: Using ultrasonography, we measured the cross-sectional areas and flow volumes in the IJVs in a group of 25 healthy individuals aged 20–5

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Patel, Gaurang, Wen Fury, Hua Yang, et al. "Molecular taxonomy of human ocular outflow tissues defined by single-cell transcriptomics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 23 (2020): 12856–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001896117.

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The conventional outflow pathway is a complex tissue responsible for maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) homeostasis. The coordinated effort of multiple cells with differing responsibilities ensures healthy outflow function and IOP maintenance. Dysfunction of one or more resident cell types results in ocular hypertension and risk for glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to generate a comprehensive cell atlas of human conventional outflow tissues. We obtained expression profiles of 17,757 genes from 8,758 cells from eight eyes of hum

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Ray, C. A., K. M. Hume, and T. L. Shortt. "Skin sympathetic outflow during head-down neck flexion in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 273, no. 3 (1997): R1142—R1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.3.r1142.

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We have previously demonstrated increases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity during head-down neck flexion (HDNF). The purpose of the present study was to determine if HDNF also activates skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA). SSNA, heart rate, arterial pressure, skin blood flow, calf blood flow, and calculated calf vascular resistance (mean arterial pressure/calf blood flow) were determined in 12 subjects during 3 min of baseline (lying prone with chin supported) and 3 min of HDNF. There were no significant changes in heart rate and arterial pressures during HDNF; however, diastolic and me

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Tyfa, Zbigniew, Damian Obidowski, and Krzysztof Jóźwik. "Numerical Analysis of the VAD Outflow Cannula Positioning on the Blood Flow in the Patient–Specific Brain Supplying Arteries." Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 22, no. 2 (2020): 619–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mme-2018-0049.

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AbstractThe primary objective of this research can be divided into two separate aspects. The first one was to verify whether own software can be treated as a viable source of data for the Computer Aided Design (CAD) modelling and Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD analysis. The second aspect was to analyze the influence of the Ventricle Assist Device (VAD) outflow cannula positioning on the blood flow distribution in the brain-supplying arteries. Patient-specific model was reconstructed basing on the DICOM image sets obtained with the angiographic Computed Tomography. The reconstruction process

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Beattie, C., A. D. Guerci, T. Hall, et al. "Mechanisms of blood flow during pneumatic vest cardiopulmonary resuscitation." Journal of Applied Physiology 70, no. 1 (1991): 454–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.1.454.

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Mechanisms of blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were studied in a canine model with implanted mitral and aortic flow probes and by use of cineangiography. Intrathoracic pressure (ITP) fluctuations were induced by a circumferential pneumatic vest, with and without simultaneous ventilation, and by use of positive-pressure ventilation alone. Vascular volume and compression rate were altered with each CPR mode. Antegrade mitral flow was interpreted as left ventricular (LV) inflow, and antegrade aortic flow was interpreted as LV outflow. The pneumatic vest was expected to elevat

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Nikonova, L. V. "New method of the treatment of systemic scleroderma — electrophoresis of diuciphone in dimethylsulfoxide." Kazan medical journal 77, no. 4 (1996): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj104511.

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The new method of the treatment of systemic scleroderma on the basis of combined action of diuciphone dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide and constant electric current regulates the peripheric blood flow changed state and microhemocirculation in patients: improves blood filling rate of artery large branches, creates optimal conditions for collateral blood flow stimulation, improves venous outflow.

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Bateman, Grant A., Scott A. Stevens, and Jesse Stimpson. "A mathematical model of idiopathic intracranial hypertension incorporating increased arterial inflow and variable venous outflow collapsibility." Journal of Neurosurgery 110, no. 3 (2009): 446–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2008.6.17609.

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Object A collapsible segment in the venous outflow has been noted in many patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Mathematical modeling has shown that these collapsible segments can account for the elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressures associated with IIH. However, the model required an elevated outflow resistance of up to 10 times normal to predict the CSF pressures actually found clinically. Measurement of blood flow in patients with IIH has shown that inflow rates vary, with higher rates noted in patients with lesser outflow stenoses. The aim of this work was to ext

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Kriushev, E. S., and T. I. Moreva. "THE CONDITION OF THE OPTIC NERVE SHEATHS AND BLOOD OUTFLOW PATHWAYS FROM THE CRANIAL CAVITY IN A 21-DAY DRY IMMERSION ACCORDING TO THE ULTRASOUND RESEARCH METHODS." Aerospace and Environmental Medicine 54, no. 5 (2020): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2020-54-5-39-44.

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Venous blood circulation and liquid dynamics in the brain, and collateral venous blood circulation were investigated in participants of 21-day dry immersion study. The ultrasonic technique was used to measure the optic nerve sheaths, register hemodynamics in the internal jugular vein, inferior vena cava and superficial femoral vein. We observed a significant acceleration of blood flow through the jugular veins by day 7 with a decrease in the lumen of the jugular veins and a gradual expansion of the liquor space around the optic nerves. Hemodynamics in the vena cava inferior as a potential coll

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Ryding, Erik. "Continuous Measurement in Neurocritical Care of Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) Calculated from ICP and Central Venous Pressure." Neurology International 17, no. 4 (2025): 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17040049.

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Background/Objectives: In neurocritical care, usually, the only continuous measurement of brain pathophysiology is intracranial pressure (ICP). The objective of this study was to find the relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and parameters usually measured in neurocritical care, mainly central venous pressure and ICP. Methods: If the venous outflow of the CBF is considered, the CBF is controlled only by two parameters, the rICP (the ICP minus the venous blood pressure in the venous sinus at its outflow) and the Rv (the flow resistance of the soft-walled veins). For the rICP, the sinu

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Bateman, Grant A. "Magnetic resonance imaging quantification of compliance and collateral flow in late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis: venous pathophysiology revisited." Journal of Neurosurgery 107, no. 5 (2007): 951–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns-07/11/0951.

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Object Findings in animal models of noncommunicating hydrocephalus have suggested that a reduction in compliance of the superior sagittal sinus, an elevation in venous outflow pressure, and the development of venous collateral flow may be associated with this condition. Although elevated venous pressure is known to cause hydrocephalus in children, this mechanism has fallen out of favor as a theory in adults. Methods Twenty-one patients with late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis (LIAS) underwent magnetic resonance imaging with flow quantification measuring the degree of ventricular enlargem

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Brinker, Thomas, Volker Seifert, and Dietmar Stolke. "Effect of intrathecal fibrinolysis on cerebrospinal fluid absorption after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage." Journal of Neurosurgery 74, no. 5 (1991): 789–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1991.74.5.0789.

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✓ The effect of intrathecal fibrinolysis on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption was investigated after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In 11 cats, SAH was induced by intracisternal application of 1 to 4 ml of fresh autologous blood. Thirty minutes after the experimental SAH, the CSF outflow resistance was found to be elevated from a median of 77 mm Hg/ml/min (range 41.3 to 109 mm Hg/ml/min) to a median of 580 mm Hg/ml/min (range 104 to 7000 mm Hg/ml/min). A logarithmic relationship could be demonstrated between the volume of subarachnoid blood and the elevation of the CSF outflow

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Wilson, Mark H., and Christopher H. E. Imray. "The cerebral venous system and hypoxia." Journal of Applied Physiology 120, no. 2 (2016): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00327.2015.

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Most hypobaric hypoxia studies have focused on oxygen delivery and therefore cerebral blood inflow. Few have studied venous outflow. However, the volume of blood entering and leaving the skull (∼700 ml/min) is considerably greater than cerebrospinal fluid production (0.35 ml/min) or edema formation rates and slight imbalances of in- and outflow have considerable effects on intracranial pressure. This dynamic phenomenon is not necessarily appreciated in the currently taught static “Monro-Kellie” doctrine, which forms the basis of the “Tight-Fit” hypothesis thought to underlie high altitude head

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Hickner, R. C., D. Bone, U. Ungerstedt, L. Jorfeldt, and J. Henriksson. "Muscle Blood Flow during Intermittent Exercise: Comparison of the Microdialysis Ethanol Technique and 133Xe Clearance." Clinical Science 86, no. 1 (1994): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0860015.

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1. Local skeletal muscle blood flow was monitored using the microdialysis ethanol technique and 133Xe clearance during intermittent isometric contractions (5 s on/10 s off) of the thigh at 0–60% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction force. 2. A linear increase in blood flow over a 25-fold range was detected using both l33Xe clearance and the microdialysis ethanol technique. 3. The median correlation coefficient between percentage maximal voluntary isometric contraction force and the ethanol outflow/inflow ratio, a marker of blood flow, was r = −0.98 (−0.94 to −0.99) (median and range,

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Shumilina, M. V., and D. V. Kolesnik. "The influence of orthostatic test (or verticalization) on the blood flow through the internal jugular and vertebral veins." Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases 12, no. 1 (2023): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17802/2306-1278-2023-12-1-39-48.

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Highlights. In the absence of venous pathology during verticalization, there is an increase in venous outflow both through the vertebral veins and through the internal jugular veins. In the absence of venous pathology, the internal jugular veins are the dominant route of venous outflow in clinostasis and orthostasis.Aim. To study the dynamics of venous outflow along the internal jugular veins (IJV) and vertebral veins (VV) during the transition from horizontal to vertical position.Methods. The study included 10 healthy women aged 24±2.91 years. Inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) optimal st

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Gadda, G., A. Taibi, F. Sisini, M. Gambaccini, P. Zamboni, and M. Ursino. "A new hemodynamic model for the study of cerebral venous outflow." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 308, no. 3 (2015): H217—H231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00469.2014.

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We developed a mathematical model of the cerebral venous outflow for the simulation of the average blood flows and pressures in the main drainage vessels of the brain. The main features of the model are that it includes a validated model for the simulation of the intracranial circulation and it accounts for the dependence of the hydraulic properties of the jugular veins with respect to the gravity field, which makes it an useful tool for the study of the correlations between extracranial blood redistributions and changes in the intracranial environment. The model is able to simulate the averag

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