Relevant bibliographies by topics / Blood parasites

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Academic literature on the topic 'Blood parasites'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Blood parasites"

1

Prior, Kimberley F., Benita Middleton, Alíz T. Y. Owolabi, Mary L. Westwood, Jacob Holland, Aidan J. O'Donnell, Michael J. Blackman, Debra J. Skene, and Sarah E. Reece. "Synchrony between daily rhythms of malaria parasites and hosts is driven by an essential amino acid." Wellcome Open Research 6 (July 22, 2021): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16894.1.

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Background: Rapid asexual replication of blood stage malaria parasites is responsible for the severity of disease symptoms and fuels the production of transmission forms. Here, we demonstrate that the Plasmodium chabaudi’s schedule for asexual replication can be orchestrated by isoleucine, a metabolite provided to the parasite in periodic manner due to the host’s rhythmic intake of food. Methods: We infect female C57BL/6 and Per1/2-null TTFL clock-disrupted mice with 1×105 red blood cells containing P. chabaudi (DK genotype). We perturb the timing of rhythms in asexual replication and host feeding-fasting cycles to identify nutrients with rhythms that match all combinations of host and parasite rhythms. We then test whether perturbing the availability of the best candidate nutrient in vitro elicits changes their schedule for asexual development. Results: Our large-scale metabolomics experiment and follow up experiments reveal that only one metabolite - the amino acid isoleucine – fits criteria for a time-of-day cue used by parasites to set the schedule for replication. The response to isoleucine is a parasite strategy rather than solely the consequences of a constraint imposed by host rhythms, because unlike when parasites are deprived of other essential nutrients, they suffer no apparent costs from isoleucine withdrawal. Conclusions: Overall, our data suggest parasites can use the daily rhythmicity of blood-isoleucine concentration to synchronise asexual development with the availability of isoleucine, and potentially other resources, that arrive in the blood in a periodic manner due to the host’s daily feeding-fasting cycle. Identifying both how and why parasites keep time opens avenues for interventions; interfering with the parasite’s time-keeping mechanism may stall replication, increasing the efficacy of drugs and immune responses, and could also prevent parasites from entering dormancy to tolerate drugs.
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2

Prior, Kimberley F., Benita Middleton, Alíz T. Y. Owolabi, Mary L. Westwood, Jacob Holland, Aidan J. O'Donnell, Michael J. Blackman, Debra J. Skene, and Sarah E. Reece. "Synchrony between daily rhythms of malaria parasites and hosts is driven by an essential amino acid." Wellcome Open Research 6 (October 20, 2021): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16894.2.

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Background: Rapid asexual replication of blood stage malaria parasites is responsible for the severity of disease symptoms and fuels the production of transmission forms. Here, we demonstrate that a Plasmodium chabaudi’s schedule for asexual replication can be orchestrated by isoleucine, a metabolite provided to the parasite in a periodic manner due to the host’s rhythmic intake of food. Methods: We infect female C57BL/6 and Per1/2-null mice which have a disrupted canonical (transcription translation feedback loop, TTFL) clock with 1×105 red blood cells containing P. chabaudi (DK genotype). We perturb the timing of rhythms in asexual replication and host feeding-fasting cycles to identify nutrients with rhythms that match all combinations of host and parasite rhythms. We then test whether perturbing the availability of the best candidate nutrient in vitro changes the schedule for asexual development. Results: Our large-scale metabolomics experiment and follow up experiments reveal that only one metabolite - the amino acid isoleucine – fits criteria for a time-of-day cue used by parasites to set the schedule for replication. The response to isoleucine is a parasite strategy rather than solely the consequences of a constraint imposed by host rhythms, because unlike when parasites are deprived of other essential nutrients, they suffer no apparent costs from isoleucine withdrawal. Conclusions: Overall, our data suggest parasites can use the daily rhythmicity of blood-isoleucine concentration to synchronise asexual development with the availability of isoleucine, and potentially other resources, that arrive in the blood in a periodic manner due to the host’s daily feeding-fasting cycle. Identifying both how and why parasites keep time opens avenues for interventions; interfering with the parasite’s time-keeping mechanism may stall replication, increasing the efficacy of drugs and immune responses, and could also prevent parasites from entering dormancy to tolerate drugs.
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Uc-Cetina, Víctor, Carlos Brito-Loeza, and Hugo Ruiz-Piña. "Chagas Parasite Detection in Blood Images Using AdaBoost." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/139681.

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The Chagas disease is a potentially life-threatening illness caused by the protozoan parasite,Trypanosoma cruzi.Visual detection of such parasite through microscopic inspection is a tedious and time-consuming task. In this paper, we provide an AdaBoost learning solution to the task of Chagas parasite detection in blood images. We give details of the algorithm and our experimental setup. With this method, we get 100% and 93.25% of sensitivity and specificity, respectively. A ROC comparison with the method most commonly used for the detection of malaria parasites based on support vector machines (SVM) is also provided. Our experimental work shows mainly two things: (1) Chagas parasites can be detected automatically using machine learning methods with high accuracy and (2) AdaBoost + SVM provides better overall detection performance than AdaBoost or SVMs alone. Such results are the best ones known so far for the problem of automatic detection of Chagas parasites through the use of machine learning, computer vision, and image processing methods.
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Severins, Maite, Don Klinkenberg, and Hans Heesterbeek. "How selection forces dictate the variant surface antigens used by malaria parasites." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 67 (July 6, 2011): 246–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0239.

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Red blood cells infected by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum express variant surface antigens (VSAs) that evade host immunity and allow the parasites to persist in the human population. There exist many different VSAs and the differential expression of these VSAs is associated with the virulence (damage to the host) of the parasites. The aim of this study is to unravel the differences in the effect key selection forces have on parasites expressing different VSAs such that we can better understand how VSAs enable the parasites to adapt to changes in their environment (like control measures) and how this may impact the virulence of the circulating parasites. To this end, we have built an individual-based model that captures the main selective forces on malaria parasites, namely parasite competition, host immunity, host death and mosquito abundance at both the within- and between-host levels. VSAs are defined by the net growth rates they infer to the parasites and the model keeps track of the expression of, and antibody build-up against, each VSA in all hosts. Our results show an ordered acquisition of VSA-specific antibodies with host age, which causes a dichotomy between the more virulent VSAs that reach high parasitaemias but are restricted to young relatively non-immune hosts, and less virulent VSAs that do not reach such high parasitaemias but can infect a wider range of hosts. The outcome of a change in the parasite's environment in terms of parasite virulence depends on the exact balance between the selection forces, which sets the limiting factor for parasite survival. Parasites will evolve towards expressing more virulent VSAs when the limiting factor for parasite survival is the within-host parasite growth and the parasites are able to minimize this limitation by expressing more virulent VSAs.
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Peletiri, Iseimokumo Christopher. "Validation of automated malaria parasite diagnostic machines based on first principle: A pre-requisite for acceptable results and treatment monitoring in resource limited settings." Annals of Medical Laboratory Science 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51374/annalsmls.2022.2.1.0056.

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Background: Following the very recent introduction of automated malaria parasite diagnostic machines; the need to validate these high technology machines based on the first principle protocol in malaria parasite density determination for acceptable results and treatment monitoring cannot be over-emphasized. The aim of this review is to update Medical Laboratory Scientists, Medical Laboratory Technicians, and researchers alike on the first principle in the diagnosis of malaria using Giemsa stained thick and thin blood films and to build their capacity on how to validate any automated malaria parasite diagnostic machine. Methods: The first principle protocol in malaria parasite density determination was used. With 8 µL of blood spread within 18 mm diameter of circle (thick film), the volume of blood in one thick film field (0.002 µL) is obtained; which when multiplied by a factor (500) gives 1 µL. The number of parasites seen per 100 thick film fields or average number per each thick film field multiplied by 500 gives the number of parasites / µL of blood. Results: Malaria parasites counts of 5 – 50 parasites (1+), 50 – 500 parasites (2+), 500 – 5000 parasites (3+), and (4+) > 5000 parasites / µL of blood, and with the results obtained from the automated machine which when entered into a 2 x 2 table reveal the performance evaluation of automated machine. Conclusion: With several results obtained, any automated malaria diagnostic machine can be validated for its ability to detect disease (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values). Commencement of the use of automated malaria parasites diagnostic machines in parasitology laboratory should not lead to discontinuity in the use of thick and thin blood films in malaria diagnosis as it remains the gold standard in resource limited settings.
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Ramey, A. M., J. A. Reed, J. A. Schmutz, T. F. Fondell, B. W. Meixell, J. W. Hupp, D. H. Ward, J. Terenzi, and C. R. Ely. "Prevalence, transmission, and genetic diversity of blood parasites infecting tundra-nesting geese in Alaska." Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, no. 8 (August 2014): 699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0041.

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A total of 842 blood samples collected from five species of tundra-nesting geese in Alaska was screened for haemosporidian parasites using molecular techniques. Parasites of the genera Leucocytozoon Danilewsky, 1890, Haemoproteus Kruse, 1890, and Plasmodium Marchiafava and Celli, 1885 were detected in 169 (20%), 3 (<1%), and 0 (0%) samples, respectively. Occupancy modeling was used to estimate prevalence of Leucocytozoon parasites and assess variation relative to species, age, sex, geographic area, year, and decade. Species, age, and decade were identified as important in explaining differences in prevalence of Leucocytozoon parasites. Leucocytozoon parasites were detected in goslings sampled along the Arctic Coastal Plain using both historic and contemporary samples, which provided support for transmission in the North American Arctic. In contrast, lack of detection of Haemoproteus and Plasmodium parasites in goslings (n = 238) provided evidence to suggest that the transmission of parasites of these genera may not occur among waterfowl using tundra habitats in Alaska, or alternatively, may only occur at low levels. Five haemosporidian genetic lineages shared among different species of geese sampled from two geographic areas were indicative of interspecies parasite transmission and supported broad parasite or vector distributions. However, identical Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus lineages on public databases were limited to waterfowl hosts suggesting constraints in the range of parasite hosts.
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Crilly, Nathan P., and Monica R. Mugnier. "Thinking outside the blood: Perspectives on tissue-resident Trypanosoma brucei." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): e1009866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009866.

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Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan parasite that causes human and animal African trypanosomiases (HAT and AAT). In the mammalian host, the parasite lives entirely extracellularly, in both the blood and interstitial spaces in tissues. Although most T. brucei research has focused on the biology of blood- and central nervous system (CNS)-resident parasites, a number of recent studies have highlighted parasite reservoirs in the dermis and adipose tissue, leading to a renewed interest in tissue-resident parasite populations. In light of this renewed interest, work describing tissue-resident parasites can serve as a valuable resource to inform future investigations of tissue-resident T. brucei. Here, we review this body of literature, which describes infections in humans, natural hosts, and experimental animal models, providing a wealth of information on the distribution and biology of extravascular parasites, the corresponding immune response in each tissue, and resulting host pathology. We discuss the implications of these studies and future questions in the study of extravascular T. brucei.
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Mirzaei, Farzaneh, Abolghasem Siyadatpanah, Roghayeh Norouzi, Soheila Pournasir, Veeranoot Nissapatorn, and Maria de Lourdes Pereira. "Blood Parasites in Domestic Birds in Central Iran." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 3 (September 4, 2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7030126.

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Parasites may affect the dynamics of bird populations. Plasmodium, Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus are well-known avian haematozoa that can trigger decreased productivity and high mortality in domesticated birds. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of avian blood parasites (Plasmodium, Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus) against 335 birds of 8 species in the Yazd province in central Iran. To detect blood parasites, Giemsa-stained blood smears were prepared. Of the birds, 11.64% (39/335) were infected with at least one parasite genus, particularly Haemoproteus (32.6%; 23/335). The total prevalence values for Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon were 1.7, 6.8 and 2.9%, respectively. Plasmodium had lower prevalence rates of 1.7% (6/335). Among birds, pigeons, hens and ducks have the highest prevalence of Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon and Plasmodium parasites at 1.7%, 6.8% and 2.9%, respectively. Results from this research extend our knowledge on the incidence of avian blood parasites in domesticated birds living in central Iran. The overall low incidence of avian blood parasites in birds was found in the Yazd province, Iran.
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MARZAL, ALFONSO, ALEJANDRO IBÁÑEZ, MANUEL GONZÁLEZ-BLÁZQUEZ, PILAR LÓPEZ, and JOSÉ MARTÍN. "Prevalence and genetic diversity of blood parasite mixed infections in Spanish terrapins, Mauremys leprosa." Parasitology 144, no. 11 (June 23, 2017): 1449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017000889.

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SUMMARYBlood parasites such as haemogregarines and haemosporidians have been identified in almost all groups of vertebrates and may cause serious damages to their hosts. However, very little is known about biodiversity of these parasites and their effects on some groups of reptiles such as terrapins. Moreover, the information on virulence from blood parasites mixed infection is largely unknown in reptiles. With this aim, we investigated for the first time the prevalence and genetic diversity of blood parasites from one genus of haemoparasitic aplicomplexan (Hepatozoon) in two populations of Spanish terrapins (Mauremys leprosa), a semi-aquatic turtle from southwestern Europe with a vulnerable conservation status. We also examined the association between mixed blood parasite infection and indicators of health of terrapins (body condition, haematocrit values and immune response). Blood parasite infection with Hepatozoon spp was detected in 46·4% of 140 examined terrapins. The prevalence of blood parasites infection differed between populations. We found two different lineages of blood parasite, which have not been found in previous studies. Of the turtles with infection, 5·7% harboured mixed infection by the two lineages. There was no difference in body condition between uninfected, single-infected and mixed-infected turtles, but mixed-infected individuals had the lowest values of haematocrit, thus revealing the negative effects of blood parasite mixed infections. Immune response varied among terrapins with different infection status, where mixed infected individuals had higher immune response than uninfected or single-infected terrapins.
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Tewari, Rita, Solabomi A. Ogun, Ruwani S. Gunaratne, Andrea Crisanti, and Anthony A. Holder. "Disruption of Plasmodium berghei merozoite surface protein 7 gene modulates parasite growth in vivo." Blood 105, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 394–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-06-2106.

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Abstract Merozoite invasion of red blood cells is crucial to the development of the parasite that causes malaria. Merozoite surface proteins (MSPs) mediate the first interaction between parasite and erythrocyte. In Plasmodium falciparum, they include a complex of products from at least 3 genes (msp1, msp6, and msp7), one of which, msp7, is part of a gene family containing 3 and 6 adjacent members in Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium falciparum, respectively. We have identified and disrupted msp7 in the Plasmodium berghei gene family. The protein is expressed in schizonts and colocalizes with MSP1. The synthesis and processing of MSP1 was unaffected in the parasite with the disrupted gene (MSP7ko). Disruption of msp7 was not lethal but affected blood-stage parasite growth. MSP7ko parasites initially grew more slowly than wild-type parasites. However, when reticulocytes were prevalent, the rate of increase in parasitemia was similar, suggesting that MSP7ko parasites prefer to invade and grow within reticulocytes. (Blood. 2005;105:394-396)
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Blood parasites"

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Jenkins, Antoinette. "The evolutionary ecology of Leucocytozoon blood parasites of birds." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/4381.

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Parasites can impose fitness effects on host populations: there may be seasonal and geographic variation in the interaction as well as over a longer time scale, host-parasite cospeciation. I investigate the Leucocytozoa parasites of birds as a model system to try to understand the role of diversity of infection, dispersal and scale on the nature of the coevolutionary process between the hosts and parasites. Leucocytozoa had effects on the breeding success of a population of the blue tit, Cyanistes caeruleus. Number of infections was important, and old birds infected with mixed lineage infections raised broods of significantly lower quality than those infected by a single lineage or uninfected birds. There was also evidence for individual lineage effects. The parasites showed seasonal dynamics, and overall prevalence followed a model previously proposed for the dynamics of avian malaria. Individual lineages, however, displayed different dynamics; this emphasises the importance of consideration of lineage identity. These results may have consequences for the evolutionary dynamics of this host-parasite interaction. The geographic context of the Leucocytozoa-bird interaction was investigated, and little phylogeographic structuring was found in parasite lineages across Europe. Contrary to predictions, the distribution of individual lineages followed the abundance-occupancy relationship, suggestive of widespread dispersal. At a larger phylogenetic scale I looked for evidence of host-parasite cospeciation in this system. There was a strong signal of coevolution due to cospeciation in 40% of the host-parasite associations. Migrant hosts harboured significantly fewer cospeciating parasites than residents and partial migrants. The implications and potential applications of this type of cospeciation analysis are discussed. I conclude by suggesting that the bird-Leucocytozoon system is an excellent model system for the study of host-parasite interactions, attaining high diversity and prevalence in some cases. Furthermore, the role of diversity, mixed lineage infections and dispersal are key to our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of this system.
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Braga, Marta Isabel Fragoso Lampreia. "Prevalência e sazonalidade de parasitoses gastrointestinais, cardiovasculares e hemáticas em cães do distrito de Beja, Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13687.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Os cães têm um importante papel na sociedade actual, contribuindo frequentemente para o desenvolvimento físico, social e emocional de crianças e para o bem-estar dos seus donos; contudo, podem ser portadores de muitas parasitoses, algumas com importância na saúde animal e potencial zoonótico. Este trabalho surge devido à escassez de dados epidemiológicos em cães na região Sul de Portugal, pretendendo estudar a prevalência e a sazonalidade de parasitoses gastrointestinais, cardiovasculares e hemáticas em cães de três canis do distrito de Beja: Canil Intermunicipal (CI), Canil Municipal de Ferreira do Alentejo (CF) e Associação Cantinho dos Animais de Beja (CA). Assim, de Março de 2015 a Fevereiro de 2016 foram colhidas 122 amostras fecais (AF) e 266 amostras sanguíneas (AS). As AF foram analisadas pelas técnicas de Flutuação de Willis, Sedimentação Natural, esfregaço fecal corado pelo método de Ziehl-Neelsen e contagem de ovos em câmara de McMaster. Nas AS realizaram-se as técnicas de Knott e de esfregaços corados pelo método de Giemsa e das Fosfatases Ácidas. Das AF 63% exibiam pelo menos um agente. Observou-se uma prevalência de 33% para Giardia spp., 25% para Ancylostomatidae, 12% para Cryptosporidium spp., 8% para Cystoisospora spp., 6% para Toxascaris leonina, 4% para Toxocara canis, 2,5% para Taeniidae, 2% para Trichuris vulpis. Das AS 74,3% apresentavam pelo menos um agente, registando-se 68% de amostras positivas para micoplasmas hemotrópicos (Mycoplasma spp.), 9% para Babesia spp., 5% para Dirofilaria immitis e 3% para Acantocheilonema spp. O canil com maior prevalência de parasitas gastrointestinais e amostras de sangue infectadas foi o CI, com prevalências de 87% e 86%, respectivamente. A estação do ano com maior prevalência de infecções foi o Inverno, com 81% das amostras fecais e 87% das amostras sanguíneas infectadas com pelo menos um agente. Este estudo mostra um elevado grau e diversidade de parasitismo na população de canídeos de Beja. De ressalvar que ambientes de canil conjugam características ideais para a infecção continuada por parasitas com ciclo de vida directo, alguns dos quais com potencial zoonótico. Torna-se por isso fundamental adoptar uma profilaxia dirigida e regular no controlo destas parasitoses, a fim de melhorar a saúde dos animais e diminuir os riscos para a Saúde Pública, e sensibilizar funcionários, voluntários e visitantes para a adopção de medidas que permitam quebrar o ciclo e evitar a transmissão destes agentes.
ABSTRACT - Prevalence and seasonal variation of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and hematic parasites in dogs from Beja district, Portugal - Dogs have an important role in our society, contributing to the physical, social and emotional development of children and to the well-being of their owners; however, they may be carriers of many parasitic diseases, some of them with importance in Animal Health and with zoonotic potential. This study aimed to fulfil the lack of epidemiological data concerning dog parasites in the southern region of Portugal, namely on the prevalence and seasonal variation of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and hematic parasites in dogs of three kennels from Beja district: Intermunicipal Kennel (CI), Municipal Kennel of Ferreira do Alentejo (CF) and Association Cantinho dos Animais from Beja (CA). Thus, from March 2015 to February 2016, 122 faecal samples (FS) and 266 blood samples (BS) were collected. FS were analyzed by Willis Flotation, Natural Sedimentation, Fecal Smear stained with Ziehl-Neelsen method and egg counting in McMaster's chamber. In BS Knott test and Smear stained with Giemsa and acid phosphatase histochemical stain were performed. Overall, 63% of the FS showed at least one agent. It was detected a prevalence of 33% for Giardia spp., 25% for Ancylostomatidae, 12% for Cryptosporidium spp., 8% for Cystoisospora spp., 6% for Toxascaris leonina, 4% for Toxocara canis, 2,5% for Taeniidae , 2% for Trichuris vulpis. In total, 74,3% of the BS were positive for at least one agent. It was observed a prevalence of 68% for hemotropic mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma spp.), 9% for Babesia spp., 5% for Dirofilaria immitis and 3% for Acantocheilonema spp. CI was the kennel with the highest prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and positive blood samples, with prevalence of 87% and 86%, respectively. The season with the highest prevalence was the winter, with 81% of FS and 87% of BS positive for at least one agent. This study showed a high level and diversity of parasitism in dog’s population of Beja. It should be noted that kennel environment combine the ideal characteristics for the continuous infection by parasites with direct life cycle, some of them with zoonotic potential. It is, therefore, crucial to adopt a targeted and regular prophylaxis in the control of these parasites, in order to improve animal health and reduce the risk to Public Health, and also alert officials, volunteers and visitors of these kennels about measures to break the cycle and avoid the transmission of these agents.
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Gardner, Russell Alexander. "Studies on the haematozoa of British bats." Thesis, University of Salford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239958.

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Gabaj, Mohamed M. "External parasites of farm livestock in Libya, with some observations on screw-worm and tick-borne blood parasites." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304994.

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Watkins, B. "Hepatozoon infections in grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) with particular reference to the effect upon the host's mononuclear phagocyte system." Thesis, University of Reading, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378311.

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Wood, Matthew James. "Parasites, reproductive costs and sexual selection : studies of the European blackbird Turdus merula and the great tit Parsus major." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340166.

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Hagardson, Karin. "Comparison of DNA isolation methods to detect Leishmania parasites in blood samples." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7014.

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Leishmaniasis is a disease affecting more than 12 million people worldwide. It is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania, which is transmitted to humans and dog hosts through bites of infected sand flies belonging to genus Phlebotomine. Several studies have shown Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to be effective for the diagnosis of VL in clinical samples compared to the classical methods. The aims of this study were first to compare four different sample preparation methods for the PCR diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) using peripheral blood samples and furthermore to find a method that is sensitive, rapid, cost benefit, simple and easy to perform. Two preparation methods were compared for the isolation of leukocytes (with Ficoll and Tris –EDTA buffer) and two DNA isolation methods (with Proteinase K and QIAgen kit). From the methods that were compared, lysis of erythrocytes with TE and the QIAgen kit seems to be the most suitable to use.

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Savage, Amy Frances. "Identity and prevalence of blood parasites in wild-caught birds from Madagascar." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0001121.

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Mohamed, Saleh Rozieyati. "The study of the antibody response to malaria parasites and its application to detect infected UK blood donors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.561109.

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Malaria was identified as one of the first infectious diseases recognised to spread through blood transfusion. Although transfusion acquired malaria is rare, nevertheless it can be lethal if it not diagnosed or treated immediately. It is a continuous challenge for the blood services to identify and exclude asymptomatic malaria infected donors, while minimising the exclusion of uninfected donors. The diagnostic tests in current use present certain limitations which include the use of inherently antigenically variable vaccine candidate proteins that have limited sensitivity against all human malaria species. Additionally, the blood transfusion services also require alternative methods for test and reagents that may be critical to the blood supply. There is therefore a scientific and an operational requirement to use alternative strategies to develop sensitive tests to all the species of malaria. In this study, we have used immunoproteomic approach to define conserved immunogenic malaria proteins. A total of 17 target P. falciparum proteins have been identified using cohorts of malaria immune sera from adults living in endemic areas, as well as by control sera from Europeans, who have never been exposed to malaria. The identified blood stage target antigens were cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins in a suitable bacterial system. In total, 15 target proteins have been expressed with 13 of them have been successfully purified. An ELISA-based system was developed, and the antigenicity of nine target antigens were evaluated using both non-malaria and malaria sera. Single antigen testing gave overall sensitivity of 50 - 84 %, with specificity consistently over 90%. Antigens such as Alpha tubulin and 26s protease showed promising immunogenicity, while Nucleosome assembly protein achieved 100% specificity. Further development of multiple antigens in an ELISA test will be required for continued evaluation of these antigens and the humoral immune response in malaria in general.
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Guerra, Beatriz Gomes. "Frequência de hemoparasitas em cães e gatos referente à casuística da região de Leiria, no período comprendido entre janeiro de 2015 e novembro de 2018." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19594.

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Abstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Dentro do vasto grupo de doenças parasitárias que acometem os animais domésticos, as hemoparasitoses destacam-se pelas consequências em que se traduzem para os animais infetados, podendo mesmo em alguns casos chegar a ser fatais. Acresce ainda o facto, de que a grande maioria das infeções são zoonóticas, tratando-se então o problema não só de saúde veterinária como também de saúde pública. O recurso a medidas de prevenção e profilaxia revelam-se fundamentais no controlo dos vetores e principalmente dos hemoparasitas, evitando-se assim a longo prazo consequências devastadoras tanto para os animais como para os próprios donos. O estudo apresentado incidiu sobre os hemoparasitas detetados na região de Leiria no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2015 e novembro de 2018, nomeadamente, Babesia spp., Dirofilaria spp., Ehrlichia spp., Hepatozoon spp., Leishmania spp., Mycoplasma spp. e Rickettsia spp. Os objetivos principais do estudo foram determinar qual a hemoparasitose encontrada com maior frequência na região de Leiria, qual a espécie, Canis lupus familiaris ou Felis silvestris catus, com maior frequência de infeção, realizar uma análise ao sexo e idade dos animais com hemoparasitas e tendo o animal contraído a infeção, quais os sinais clínicos mais característicos das hemoparasitoses. Para o efeito, recorreu-se a 582 análises do Laboratório Beatriz Godinho e a 19 casos clínicos do Hospital Veterinário de Leiria. Com o estudo, concluiu-se que na região de Leiria, em cada 100 animais domésticos, nomeadamente cães e gatos, cerca de 14 estão infetados por hemoparasitas, sendo a espécie Ehrlichia spp. a que predomina, face aos restantes hemoparasitas, e sendo os gatos do sexo masculino o grupo mais frequentemente infetado.
ABSTRACT - Frequency of hemoparasites in dogs and cats relative to the casuistic in the region of Leiria, between January 2015 and November 2018 - Compared to other parasitic diseases that affect domestic animals, hemoparasitic diseases deserve particular attention due to the kind of health consequences they can cause to infected animals, which can in some cases be fatal. Adding to this, the fact that the great majority of infections are zoonotic reveals that it is not only a matter of animal health, but of public health as well. The recourse to profylaxis proves as the most reliable way of controling vectors and blood parasites, resulting in a prevention of devastating long term consequences to both animals and their owners. This study focuses on blood parasites that are found in the region of Leiria between January 2015 and November 2018, these being Babesia spp., Dirofilaria spp., Ehrlichia spp., Hepatozoon spp., Leishmania spp., Mycoplasma spp. and Rickettsia spp. The main purpose of this review was to determine which hemoparasitosis is most commonly found in the region of Leiria, finding out which one of the two reviewed species reveal the greatest rates of infection, carry out an analysis on sex and age of the infected animals and verify what are the most characteristic clinical signs of blood parasites after having contracted the infection. To reach these results, 582 blood-tests from Laboratório Beatriz Godinho and 19 clinical cases of Hospital Veterinário de Leiria were reviewed. The findings of this review reveal that in the region of Leiria around 14 out 100 domestic animals are infected with blood parasites, Ehrlichia spp. being the predominating one compared to other hemoparasites and shows that male felines to be the group with the most commonly infected.
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Books on the topic "Blood parasites"

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Kinnunen, Ronald E. Impact of sea lamprey parasitism on the blood features of hemopoietic tissues of rainbow trout. Ann Arbor, Mich: Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 1985.

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The Cure for all Diseases: With many case histories of diabetes, high blood pressure, seizures, chronic fatigue syndrome, migraines, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, and others showing that all of these can be simply investigated and cured. San Diego, CA: New Century Press, 1995.

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Clark, Hulda Regehr. The cure for all diseases: With many case histories of diabetes, high blood pressure, seizures, chronic fatigue syndrome, migraines, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, and others showing that all of these can be simply investigated and cured. San Diego, CA: ProMotion Pub., 1995.

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Yeovil, Jack. Orgy of the Blood Parasites. Pocket Books, 1994.

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Figures Of Medicine Blood Face Transplants Parasites. Fordham University Press, 2013.

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Figures Of Medicine Blood Face Transplants Parasites. Fordham University Press, 2013.

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Bilharzia hæmatobium: Blood fluke. [S.l: s.n., 1985.

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Miller, Louis. Immunity to Blood Parasites of Animals and Man. Springer, 2013.

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Miller, Louis. Immunity to Blood Parasites of Animals and Man. Springer, 2013.

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Siddall, Mark Edward. Fish blood parasites (apicomplexa: Adeleina) and their leech vectors: biology, philogeny and coevolution. 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Blood parasites"

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Kortbeek, L. M., and E. Pinelli. "Parasites Transmitted by Blood Transfusion." In Transmissible Diseases and Blood Transfusion, 57–71. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6869-5_6.

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Davioud-Charvet, Elisabeth, and Don Antoine Lanfranchi. "Subversive Substrates of Glutathione Reductases from Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Red Blood Cells as Antimalarial Agents." In Apicomplexan Parasites, 373–96. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527633883.ch20.

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van Niekerk, David D., Gerald Penkler, François du Toit, Jacky L. Snoep, Barbara M. Bakker, and Jurgen R. Haanstra. "Attacking Blood-Borne Parasites with Mathematics." In Comprehensive Analysis of Parasite Biology: From Metabolism to Drug Discovery, 513–41. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527694082.ch22.

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Lehane, M. J. "Transmission of parasites by blood-sucking insects." In Biology of Blood-Sucking Insects, 143–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7953-9_8.

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Löffler, Helmut, and Johann Rastetter. "Blood Parasites Principal Causative Organisms of Tropical Diseases." In Atlas of Clinical Hematology, 383–407. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-98020-6_7.

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Begemann, Herbert, and Johann Rastetter. "Blood Parasites Principal Causative Organisms of Tropical Diseases." In Atlas of Clinical Hematology, 272–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97155-6_10.

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Sanchez, Cecilia P., Judith Pfahler, Hernando A. del Portillo, and Michael Lanzer. "Transient Transfection of Plasmodium vivax Blood-Stage Parasites." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 151–59. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-026-7_10.

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Sá-Nunes, Anderson, and Carlo José Freire de Oliveira. "Sialogenins and Immunomodulators Derived from Blood Feeding Parasites." In Toxins and Hemostasis, 131–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9295-3_9.

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "No Myth But Reality: Blood Licking Bats." In Bats (Chiroptera) as Vectors of Diseases and Parasites, 157–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39333-4_7.

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Rahuman, A. Abdul. "Efficacies of Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Blood-Sucking Parasites." In Nature Helps..., 19–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19382-8_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Blood parasites"

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Elter, M., E. Hasslmeyer, and T. Zerfass. "Detection of malaria parasites in thick blood films." In 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091273.

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Judy, Millard M., Franklin M. Sogandares-Bernal, and James Lester Matthews. "Photosensitized inactivation of infectious blood-borne human parasites." In Photonics West '95, edited by Steven L. Jacques. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.209889.

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Makkapati, Vishnu V., and Raghuveer M. Rao. "Segmentation of malaria parasites in peripheral blood smear images." In ICASSP 2009 - 2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4959845.

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Zhang, Zheng, L. L. Sharon Ong, Kong Fang, Athul Matthew, Justin Dauwels, Ming Dao, and Harry Asada. "Image classification of unlabeled malaria parasites in red blood cells." In 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591599.

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Kaewkamnerd, Saowaluck, Apichart Intarapanich, Montri Pannarat, Sastra Chaotheing, Chairat Uthaipibull, and Sissades Tongsima. "Detection and classification device for malaria parasites in thick-blood films." In 2011 IEEE 6th International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and Applications (IDAACS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/idaacs.2011.6072791.

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Prananda, Alifia Revan, Hanung Adi Nugroho, and Igi Ardiyanto. "Enumeration of Plasmodium Parasites on Thin Blood Smear Digital Microscopic Images." In 2019 5th International Conference on Science in Information Technology (ICSITech). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsitech46713.2019.8987492.

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May, Zazilah, Siti Sarah Azreen Mohd Aziz, and Rabi'ahtuladawiah Salamat. "Automated quantification and classification of malaria parasites in thin blood smears." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing Applications (ICSIPA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsipa.2013.6708035.

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Sulistyawati, Dwi Harini, Farah Zakiyah Rahmanti, I. Ketut Eddy Purnama, and Mauridhi Hery Purnomo. "Automatic segmentation of malaria parasites on thick blood film using blob analysis." In 2015 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isitia.2015.7219968.

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Nugroho, Hanung Adi, Son Ali Akbar, and E. Elsa Herdiana Murhandarwati. "Feature extraction and classification for detection malaria parasites in thin blood smear." In 2015 2nd International Conference on Information Technology, Computer, and Electrical Engineering (ICITACEE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icitacee.2015.7437798.

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Mandal, Subhamoy, Amit Kumar, J. Chatterjee, M. Manjunatha, and Ajoy K. Ray. "Segmentation of blood smear images using normalized cuts for detection of malarial parasites." In 2010 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indcon.2010.5712739.

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