Journal articles: 'Blood pumps'

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CHEN, ZENGSHENG, ZHAOHUI YAO, LAILAI ZHU, and XIWEN ZHANG. "HEMOLYSIS ANALYSIS OF AXIAL BLOOD PUMPS WITH VARIOUS STRUCTURE IMPELLERS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 13, no. 04 (July 7, 2013): 1350054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519413500541.

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Low hemolysis is an important factor for axial blood pumps that has been used in patients with heart failure. The structure of impellers plays a key role in the hemolytic properties of axial blood pumps. Axial blood pumps with various structure impellers exhibit different hemolytic characteristic. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the type of impellers structures in axial blood pumps that contain the best low hemolytic properties. Also, it is expensive and time-consuming to validate the axial blood pump's hemolytic property by in vivo experiments. Therefore, in the present study, the numerical method was applied to analyze the hemolytic property in a blood pump. Specifically, the hemolysis of the pump was calculated by using a forward Euler approach based on the changes in shear stress and related exposure times along the particle trace lines. The different vane structures and rotational speed that affect hemolysis were analyzed and compared. The results showed that long–short alternant vanes exhibited the best hemolytic property which could be utilized in the optimization design of axial blood pumps.

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Akdis, M., and H. Reul. "Mechanical Blood Pumps for Cardiac Assistance." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2, no. 2 (2005): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/409650.

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Cardiac assist devices are classified into the traditional engineering categories of displacement and rotary pumps. Clinical use and indications of the various pump categories are outlined and a detailed description of currently available systems is given. The first part deals with extracorporeal as well as implantable ventricular assist devices (VAD) of the displacement type and is followed by a section on current developments in the field of total artificial hearts (TAH). The second part covers the rotary pump category from cardiopulmonary bypass applications to implantable systems, including specific design aspects of radial, diagonal, and axial pumps.

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Köhne, Inge. "Review and reflections about pulsatile ventricular assist devices from history to future: concerning safety and low haemolysis—still needed." Journal of Artificial Organs 23, no. 4 (May 4, 2020): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10047-020-01170-3.

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AbstractSince the first use of a ventricular assist device in 1963 many extracorporeal and implantable pulsatile blood pumps have been developed. After the invention of continuous flow blood pumps the implantable pulsatile pumps are not available anymore. The new rotary pumps spend a better quality of life because many of the patients can go home. Nevertheless, the extracorporeal pulsatile pumps have some advantages. They are low-cost systems, produce less haemolysis and heart-recovery can be tested easily. Pump failure is easy to realize because the pumps can be observed visually. Pump exchange can be done easily without any chirurgic surgery. As volume displacement pumps they can produce high blood pressure, so they are the only ones suitable for pediatric patients. Therefore, they are indispensable for clinical use today and in the future. In this work, nearly all pulsatile blood pumps used in clinical life are described.

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Sieβ, T., H. Reul, and G. Rau. "Hydraulic Refinement of An Intraarterial Microaxial Blood Pump." International Journal of Artificial Organs 18, no. 5 (May 1995): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889501800506.

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Intravascularly operating microaxial pumps have been introduced clinically proving to be useful tools for cardiac assist (1–4). However, a number of complications have been reported in literature associated with the extra-corporeal motor and the flexible drive shaft cable (5,6). In this paper, a new pump concept is presented which has been mechanically and hydraulically refined during the developing process. The drive shaft cable has been replaced by a proximally integrated micro electric motor and an extra-corporeal power supply (7). The conduit between pump and power supply consists of only an electrical power cable within the catheter resulting in a device which is indifferent to kinking and small curvature radii. Anticipated insertion difficulties, as a result of a large outer pump diameter, led to a two-step approach with an initial 6,4mm pump version and a secondary 5,4mm version. Both pumps meet the hydraulic requirement of at least 2.5I/min at a differential pressure of 80–100mmHg. The hydraulic refinements necessary to achieve the anticipated goal are based on ongoing hydrodynamic studies of the flow inside the pumps. Flow visualization on a 10:1 scale model as well as on 1:1 scale pumps have yielded significant improvements in the overall hydraulic performance of the pumps. One example of this iterative developing process by means of geometrical changes on the basis of flow visualization is illustrated for the 6.4mm pump.

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Matheve, Christiaan. "Centrifugal blood pumps." Perfusion 10, no. 3 (May 1995): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765919501000304.

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Ahmed, Azzam, Xianghui Wang, and Ming Yang. "Biocompatible materials of pulsatile and rotary blood pumps: A brief review." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 59, no. 1 (August 10, 2020): 322–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2020-0009.

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AbstractThe biomedical materials that have been used in the structure of heart pumps are classified as biocompatible, and these can be metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. Their positions in the pump vary according to the part’s function. Whereas various materials have different properties, all biomaterials chosen for cardiovascular applications should have excellent blood biocompatibility to reduce the likelihood of hemolysis and thrombosis. There are two major categories of the heart pumps; pulsatile and rotary blood pumps (axial and centrifugal) and the features of some of these materials allow them to be used in both. Rotary and pulsatile blood pump devices have to be fabricated from materials that do not result in adverse biological responses. The purpose of this review is to study the available biocompatible materials for the pulsatile and rotary blood pumps as clinically-approved materials and prototype heart pump materials. The current state of bio-compatible materials of rotary and pulsatile blood pump construction is presented. Some recent applications of surface amendment technology on the materials for heart assist devices were also reviewed for better understanding. The limitations of heart assist devices, and the future direction of artificial heart elements have been considered. This review will be considered as a comprehensive reference to rapidly understanding the necessary research in the field of biocompatible materials of pulsatile and blood rotary pumps.

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Poder, Thomas, Jean-Christian Boileau, Renée Lafrenière, Louis Thibault, Nathalie Carrier, Marie-Joëlle De Grandmont, and Patrice Beauregard. "VP189 Hemolysis Induced By Modern Infusion Pumps During Blood Transfusion." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317004172.

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INTRODUCTION:Following a first field evaluation conducted in 2013, we found that hemolysis can be induced by infusion pumps during blood transfusion. Actually, limited data is available on the risk of hemolysis associated with the most used infusion pumps in Quebec hospitals: InfusomatSpace (peristaltic), Plum A+TM (piston) and ColleagueCXE (shuttle).METHODS:Staff from the blood bank and the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) unit in our hospital collaborated in 2016 to assess the hemolysis and potassium level (that is, a blood test sensitive to hemolysis) induced by the use of the three infusion pumps mentioned above. Measurements were taken for each pump at five flow rates, from 30 to 450 ml/hour, and were compared with measurements taken before using the pumps. Tests were conducted with 135 red blood cell (RBC) units. RBC units were aged from 10 to 28 days.RESULTS:The shuttle- and piston-type pumps resulted in low hemolysis levels. The peristaltic-type pump produced significantly more hemolysis. However, the absolute value of hemolysis remained within the range recommended by the regulatory agencies in North America and Europe. Potassium levels did not increase with the use of the pumps.CONCLUSIONS:The collaboration between the blood bank and the HTA unit led to the conclusion that modern infusion pumps widely used in Quebec hospitals produce non-threatening levels of hemolysis during blood transfusion. This finding is important to ensure safe practices.

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Wahba, A., A. Philip, MF Bauer, M. Kaiser, H. Aebert, and DE Birnbaum. "The blood saving potential of vortex versus roller pump with and without aprotinin." Perfusion 10, no. 5 (September 1995): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765919501000509.

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To evaluate the potential of centrifugal blood pumps for saving blood, 120 patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting were entered into a prospective randomized trial. A standard roller pump (group I) was compared with a centrifugal blood pump (group II) and roller pump plus aprotinin (group III). There was no significant difference between groups I and I I with respect to free haemoglobin, lactic dehydrogenase, serum bilirubin, platelet surface glycoprotein IIb-IIIa and granule membrane protein 140, chest-tube drainage, use of blood products, length of stay in intensive care, time on ventilator and postoperative mortality. Aprotinin reduced chest-tube drainage and use of blood products significantly. Three cases of graft occlusions were noted in group III. Centrifugal blood pumps offer no advantage in routine heart surgery over conventional roller pumps. Aprotinin reduces blood loss, but does not influence GP IIb-IIIa and GMP 140 expression on blood platelets.

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Armignacco, Paolo, Francesco Garzotto, Corrado Bellini, Mauro Neri, Anna Lorenzin, Marco Sartori, and Claudio Ronco. "Pumps in Wearable Ultrafiltration Devices: Pumps in Wuf Devices." Blood Purification 39, no. 1-3 (2015): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000368943.

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The wearable artificial kidney (WAK) is a device that is supposed to operate like a real kidney, which permits prolonged, frequent, and continuous dialysis treatments for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Its functioning is mainly related to its pumping system, as well as to its dialysate-generating and alarm/shutoff ones. A pump is defined as a device that moves fluids by mechanical action. In such a context, blood pumps pull blood from the access side of the dialysis catheter and return the blood at the same rate of flow. The main aim of this paper is to review the current literature on blood pumps, describing the way they have been functioning thus far and how they are being engineered, giving details about the most important parameters that define their quality, thus allowing the production of a radar comparative graph, and listing ideal pumps' features.

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Lawson, D. Scott, Derek Eilers, Suzanne Osorio Lujan, Maria Bortot, and James Jaggers. "Hemolysis generation from a novel, linear positive displacement blood pump for cardiopulmonary bypass on a six kilogram piglet: a preliminary report." Perfusion 32, no. 4 (November 18, 2016): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659116679881.

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Background: Current blood pumps used for cardiopulmonary bypass generally fall into two different pump design categories; non-occlusive centrifugal pumps and occlusive, positive-displacement roller pumps. The amount of foreign surface area of extracorporeal circuits correlates with post-operative morbidity due to systemic inflammation, leading to a push for technology that reduces the amount of foreign surfaces. Current roller pumps are bulky and the tubing forms an arc in the pumping chamber (raceway), positioning the inlet 360 degrees from the outlet, making it very difficult to place the pump closer to the patient and to efficiently reduce tubing length. These challenges put existing roller pumps at a disadvantage for use in a compact cardiopulmonary bypass circuit. Centrifugal blood pumps are easier to incorporate into miniature circuit designs. However, the prime volumes of current centrifugal pump designs are large, especially for pediatric extracorporeal circuits where the prime volumes are too great to be of clinical value. Method: We describe a preliminary report on a novel, occlusive, linear, single-helix, positive-displacement blood pump which allows for decreased prime volume and surface area of the extracorporeal circuit. This new experimental pump design was used to perfuse a 6 kilogram piglet with a pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass circuit for two hours of continuous use. Blood samples were obtained every thirty minutes and assayed for plasma free hemolysis generation. Conclusions: The results from this initial experiment showed low plasma free hemoglobin generation and encourages the authors to further develop this concept.

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Christensen, Dawn M. "Physiology of Continuous-Flow Pumps." AACN Advanced Critical Care 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/nci.0b013e31824125fd.

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The use of mechanical pumps for circulatory support started in the mid-1950s. The evolution of these devices has led to the present-day use of continuous-flow pumps to take over the function of a patient’s failing heart. The physiology associated with rotary blood pump use is quite different from normal cardiovascular physiology. Clinicians caring for patients who are supported by rotary blood pumps must have an understanding of the differences in physiology, monitoring methods, and unique complications associated with the use of these pumps.

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Dmitrieva, O. Yu, A. S. Buchnev, A. A. Drobyshev, and G. P. Itkin. "Hemolysis research of implantable axial flow pump for two -step heart transplantation in children." Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 19, no. 1 (April 14, 2017): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2017-1-22-27.

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Introduction.One of the main indicators characterizing mechanical circulatory support devices (artificial valve, implantable pumps, etc.) is trauma of blood cells. Therefore, while developing new pumps, one of the key studies in vitro is to evaluate blood hemolysis. For an objective hemolysis analysis of pump it is required to create a standardized methodology of hemolysis studies. The object of the study in this paper is implantable axial pump DON for two-step heart transplantation in children.The aimof study is to develop a standardized methodology of hemolysis studies of blood pumps and to conduct research of pediatric axial pump DON.Materials and methods.To conduct hemolysis research we created a mock circulatory system consisting of a reservoir placed in water bath maintaining a constant working fluid (blood) temperature, hydrodynamic resistance, connecting tubes, ports for blood sampling and pressure and flow measurement systems, and research pump. Test method is to estimate levels of free hemoglobin pHb obtained by blood samples during pump working in operating mode (for pediatric pump: blood flow 2.5 l/min, pressure difference 80 mmHg). Using the data obtained the standardized indices of hemolysis NIH and MIH are calculated based on pHb values, hematocrit, total hemoglobin, blood flow and working pump time.Results.We developed and realized a standardized methodology of hemolysis research by which we evaluated hemolysis of pediatric axial pump. The results of hemolysis tests allowed us to optimize the design of DON. Obtained values of hemolysis of the latest version of pediatric pump DON-3 have shown that they do conform to the requirements of minimum blood injury and it allows us to proceed to the next step of pediatric pump research – animal experiments.Conclusion.Developed methods and evaluation tools of hemolysis allow us to provide objective information on one of the most important indicators of developing implantable pediatric axial pump and they could be recommended for hemolysis research of others pumps.

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Mueller, Xavier M., Yves Boone, Monique Augstburger, Judith Horisberger, and Ludwig K. von Segesser. "Bi-Ventricular Axial Micro- Pump: Impact on Blood Cell Integrity." Swiss Surgery 7, no. 5 (October 1, 2001): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1023-9332.7.5.213.

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Background and objective: Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting has stimulated the development of micro-pumps designed to prevent the hemodynamic instability induced by heart luxation for the exposure of target vessels of the posterior wall. Impella (Aachen, Germany) developed micro-pumps with a miniaturized propeller system for both sides of the heart. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of both pumps working together on blood cell integrity. Materials and methods: Both right and left-sided micro-pumps were implanted in 5 calves (body weight, 72_4Kg) during 3h. Blood samples for hematology and hemolysis parameters were drawn hourly. Results: Both pumps performed well with a flow of 3.6L+/-0.3L during the 3h of the experiment with stable hemodynamic conditions. Mixed venous oxygen saturation was 63.4+/-15.2% at baseline and 63.8+/-16.3% at the end of the experiment (P = ns). Red cell count, LDH and free plasma hemoglobin were 6.7+/-2.1 x 1012/L, 1807+/-437IU/L, and 32+/-9mg/L at baseline vs. 6.1+/-2.1 x 1012/L, 1871+/-410IU/L, and 52+/-9mg/L at the end of the experiment (P = ns for all comparisons). Platelet count exhibited a non-significant drop (872+/-126 vs. 715+/-22 x 109/L). Conclusions: This double pump system based on the Archimed screw principle is hematologically well tolerated under conditions of prolonged cardiac assist.

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WU, HUACHUN, GAO GONG, ZHIQIANG WANG, YEFA HU, and CHUNSHENG SONG. "STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE DIFFUSER FOR MAGLEV AXIAL BLOOD PUMP." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 14, no. 03 (March 13, 2014): 1450045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519414500456.

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Hydraulic performance is an especially important factor for maglev axial blood pumps that have been used in patients with heart disease. Most maglev axial blood pumps basically consist of a straightener, an impeller and a diffuser. The diffuser plays a key role in the performance of the maglev axial blood pump to provide an adequate pressure head and increase the hydraulic efficiency. Maglev axial blood pumps with various structural diffusers exhibit different hydraulic performance. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed to quantify hydrodynamic in a maglev axial blood pump with a flow rate of 6 L/min against a pressure head of 100 mmHg to optimize the diffuser structure. First, we design the prototype of diffuser structure based on traditional design method, establish blood flow channel models using commercial software ANSYS FLUENT. Specifically, compare the performance of pump with the diffusers of different parameters, such as the leading edge blade angle, blade-thickness and blade-number. The results show that the diffuser structures with the thickening blade by arc airfoil law, blade-number of 6, leading edge blade angle of 24°, and trailing edge blade angle of 90° exhibited the best hydraulic performance which could be utilized in the optimization design of maglev axial blood pumps.

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Itkin, G. P., and S. V. Gautier. "THE PROBLEMS AND THE OPTIMIZATION OF NON-PULSATING PUMPS OF THE ASSISTED BLOOD CIRCULATION." Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 20, no. 1 (April 24, 2018): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2018-1-138-143.

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The method of mechanical circulation support using non-pulsating fl ow pumps, built on the principle of rotary (centrifugal and axial) pumps, took the leading direction (94%) in the world clinical practice for the treatment of the patients with terminal heart failure. Despite this, the clinic application of these pumps in a number of cases faced with the numbers of negative problems associated with this technology. This is stimulated of a new direction of principles for a control of the rotary pumps, based on the modulation of the speed pumps. The article analyzes the negative factors of the clinical application of non-pulsating fl ow pumps and gives an overview of the methods the optimization of the control pump based on the modulation of the output fl ow.

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Stoliński, J., C. Rosenbaum, W. Flameng, and B. Meyns. "The Heart-Pump Interaction: Effects of a Microaxial Blood Pump." International Journal of Artificial Organs 25, no. 11 (November 2002): 1082–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139880202501107.

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Background: When we use rotary blood pumps as an assist device, an interaction takes place between the pump performance and the native heart function (native heart influences pump performance and vice versa). The interaction between native heart and rotary blood pump can be useful to predict recovery of the failing heart. Methods: The rotary blood pumps used were microaxial catheter-mounted pumps with an external diameter of 6.4mm (Impella, Aachen, Germany). The pump-heart interaction was studied in five juvenile sheep with a mean body weight of 68.5 ± 8.7 kg. The pumps were introduced via the left carotid artery and placed in transvalvular aortic position. Recorded parameters were pump speed (rpm), generated flow (L/min) and differential pressure (mm Hg) obtained at high frequency rate of data recordings (25 sets of data per second). This allowed continuous analysis of the pump performance during cardiac cycle. Under clinical conditions the interaction was studied in a 60-year-old male, in whom the device was applied due to postcardiotomy heart failure after myocardial infarction. Results: Heart-pump interaction was analyzed based on pump flow differential pressure. This relationship, analyzed continuously during cardiac cycle, presents as a loop. The dynamic contribution of the heart to the flow generated by the pump leads to continuous fluctuation in the pressure head and the creation of hysteresis. The improved function of the failing heart under clinical conditions after seven days of mechanical support was expressed by: increased hysteresis of the loop caused by increased gradient of flow generated during cardiac cycle, a more pronounced ventricular ejection phase that indicates more dynamic heart contribution to the generated flow, and finally increased gradient of the differential pressure during cardiac cycle, caused predominantly by increased aortic pressure and decreased left ventricle pressure during diastolic phase. Conclusions: The heart-pump interaction based on the pump flow-differential pressure relationship can be useful in predicting the possibility to wean the patient from the device.

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Liu, Lei, Fang Qun Wang, Qin Lin Wu, Wen Jue Wu, Kun Xi Qian, Jing Hua Ji, Wen Xiang Zhao, Wei Xing He, and Tian Bo Li. "Influence of Impeller Design on Hemolysis of an Axial Blood Pump." Applied Mechanics and Materials 140 (November 2011): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.140.162.

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Compared to centrifugal blood pumps, the high rotating speed of axial blood pumps lead to blood damage more easily. In order to improve blood compatibility of the axial blood pump developed by the authors, traditional method and three-dimensional streamlined method are used for axial impeller design, and rapid prototyping with ABS organic materials are adopted. Finally, hydraulic experiments and hemolysis tests have been conducted. The results reveal that the impeller design and the design parameters (diameter and length) affect the hydraulic performance and hemolysis of the axial pump obviously. The hemolysis index in axial flow impeller pump using traditional method is 0.12, while the minimum value of hemolysis index in the streamlined axial blood pump is 0.06, below the permitted hemolysis value of 0.1.

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Blaustein, Mordecai P., Jin Zhang, Ling Chen, and Bruce P. Hamilton. "How does salt retention raise blood pressure?" American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 290, no. 3 (March 2006): R514—R523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00819.2005.

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A critical question in hypertension research is: How is long-term blood pressure controlled? Excessive NaCl ingestion or NaCl retention by the kidneys and the consequent tendency toward plasma volume expansion lead to hypertension. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms linking salt to high blood pressure are unresolved. The discovery of endogenous ouabain, an adrenocortical hormone, provided an important clue. Ouabain, a selective Na+ pump inhibitor, has cardiotonic and vasotonic effects. Plasma endogenous ouabain levels are significantly elevated in ≈40% of patients with essential hypertension and in animals with several forms of salt-dependent hypertension. Also, prolonged ouabain administration induces hypertension in rodents. Mice with mutant Na+ pumps or Na/Ca exchangers (NCX) and studies with a ouabain antagonist and an NCX blocker are revealing the missing molecular mechanisms. These data demonstrate that α2 Na+ pumps and NCX1 participate in long-term regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure. Pharmacological agents or mutations in the α2 Na+ pump that interfere with the action of ouabain on the pump, and reduced NCX1 expression or agents that block NCX all impede the development of salt-dependent or ouabain-induced hypertension. Conversely, nanomolar ouabain, reduced α2 Na+ pump expression, and smooth muscle-specific overexpression of NCX1 all induce hypertension. Furthermore, ouabain and reduced α2 Na+ pump expression increase myogenic tone in isolated mesenteric small arteries in vitro, thereby tying these effects directly to the elevation of blood pressure. Thus, endogenous ouabain, and vascular α2 Na+ pumps and NCX1, are critical links between salt and hypertension. New pharmacological agents that act on these molecular links have potential in the clinical management of hypertension.

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Xu, Z. C., P. B. Dunham, B. Dyer, and R. Blostein. "Decline in number of Na-K pumps on low-K+ sheep reticulocytes during maturation is modulated by Lp antigen." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 266, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): C1173—C1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1994.266.5.c1173.

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The number of the Na-K pumps on sheep red blood cells declines markedly during cell maturation. In addition, in red blood cells of the low-K+ (LK) phenotype, there is an increase during maturation in the affinity of the pumps for intracellular K+. This increase does not occur in cells of the high-K+ (HK) phenotype. This HK/LK polymorphism is associated with the M/L blood group antigen system. The Lp antigen, which is on only LK cells, promotes the increase in affinity for K+ [Am. J. Physiol. 265 (Cell Physiol. 34): C99-C105, 1993]. Mature LK cells have fewer pumps than mature HK cells. The present study shows that the Lp antigen also promotes the loss of pumps in LK cells. The evidence was that modification of the Lp antigen of immature LK red blood cells either with anti-Lp antibody or by trypsinization diminished the loss of pumps during culture in vitro (numbers determined from [3H]ouabain binding). Confirmation came from demonstration of the decline during maturation of the amount of the alpha-subunit of the Na-K pump (measured by immunoblotting), which was also retarded by pretreatment with anti-Lp or trypsin. Comparisons of the relative amounts of Lp antigen on immature and mature LK cells showed that there is little decline in number of antigens during maturation. Therefore there is an increase in the antigen-to-pump ratio during maturation even though an association between pumps and antigens is necessary for the loss of pumps.

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Göbel, C., A. Arvand, G. Rau, H. Reul, B. Meyns, W. Flameng, R. Eilers, and O. Marseille. "A new rotary blood pump for versatile extracorporeal circulation: the DeltaStream™." Perfusion 17, no. 5 (September 2002): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0267659102pf602oa.

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Today, rotary pumps are routinely used for extracorporeal circulation in different clinical settings and applications. A review of these applications and specific limitations in extracorporeal perfusion was performed and served as a basis for the development of the DeltaStream®. The Delta- Stream® is a miniaturized rotary blood pump of a new and unique design with an integrated drive unit. Despite its small design, the pump maintains a sufficient hydraulic capacity, which makes the DeltaStream® very flexible for intra- and perioperative applications. It also opens the field for short-term ventricular assist devices (VAD) applications or use as a component in extracorporeal life support systems (ECLS). The DeltaStream® and, specifically, its impeller design have been optimized with respect to haemolysis and nonthrombogenicity. Also, the pump facilitates an effective pulse generation in VAD applications and simulates heart action in a more physiological way than other rotary pumps or roller pumps. Hydraulic and haematological properties have been tested in vitro and in vivo. In a series of seven animal experiments in two different setups, the pump demonstrated its biocompatibility and applicability. Basic aspects of the DeltaStream® pump concept as well as important console features are presented. A summary of the final investigation of this pump is given with focus on hydraulic capabilities and results from animal studies.

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Takatani, Setsuo. "Progress of Rotary Blood Pumps." Artificial Organs 30, no. 5 (May 2006): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.2006.00220.x.

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Reul, Helmut M., and Mustafa Akdis. "Blood pumps for circulatory support." Perfusion 15, no. 4 (July 2000): 295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765910001500404.

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Trumble, D. R. "Muscle-Powered Mechanical Blood Pumps." Science 296, no. 5575 (June 14, 2002): 1967b—1967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.296.5575.1967b.

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Oeveren, W. "Biomaterials for Rotary Blood Pumps." Artificial Organs 19, no. 7 (July 1995): 603–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.1995.tb02388.x.

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MARCIANO, MARCELO ANTUNES, Rodrigo Rezer, and Anderson Santos. "Flow Analyzer for Blood Pump." Global Clinical Engineering Journal 3, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31354/globalce.v3i1.57.

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Medical equipment that supports life, relieves diseases, and overcomes disabilities can also cause damage and death due to operational failures, user failures, and misuse. Hemodialysis machines include roller pumps that control the flow of blood, and these pumps have to be calibrated accurately to ensure they are working properly. This article describes the development of a low-cost, open source prototype that automates the flow analysis (measurement and recording) of the blood pumps in hemodialysis machines. Being able to accurately inspect the machine’s operation improves the quality and safety of its use. Through this technology (this process automation), it is believed equipment downtime and total tests cost will be reduced. This device has a system that collects data in real time, generated by the blood pump dialysis. Mathematical calculations are used to present flow information, including the standard deviation of the measurement, which is reported at the end of the test in an objective and simple way. Through a software and human machine interface (HMI), the test can be monitored and generate a report that contains the name and model of the equipment, the quantitative results of the flows, and the standard deviations of the measurements. The device can be used by clinical engineering teams in preventive maintenance and after corrective maintenance, as a control practice, making the calibration process easier and more cost-effective.

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Faria, Monica, Yi Liu, and Edward F. Leonard. "Particle Spallation in a Microfluidic Blood Processing Device: The Problem of Using Peristaltic Pumps and Silicon-based Microfilters." International Journal of Artificial Organs 40, no. 10 (June 15, 2017): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ijao.5000609.

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Peristaltic pumps rely on constant compression of elastomeric tubing from which particles may be shed, a phenomenon known as spallation. We studied spallated particles on microfluidic filtration devices with photolithographically prepared micron-level pore fields. Filtration of ultra-pure water through these pores was analyzed using either the usual peristaltic pump or a reciprocating pair of syringe pumps. Using syringe pumps, transmembrane pressure (TMP) values during filtration at 2.5 cm3/min revealed steady filtration for over 80 minutes at 2.3 mmHg. Using the peristaltic pump, TMP was never stable, increasing to approximately 11 mmHg during the first 10 minutes. Pore plugging was the culprit, evidenced by post-perfusion microphotography.

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Granegger, Marcus, Martin Schweiger, Marianne Schmid Daners, Mirko Meboldt, and Michael Hübler. "Cavopulmonary mechanical circulatory support in Fontan patients and the need for physiologic control: A computational study with a closed-loop exercise model." International Journal of Artificial Organs 41, no. 5 (March 9, 2018): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0391398818762359.

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Purpose: Rotary blood pumps are a promising treatment approach for patients with a total cavopulmonary connection and a failing cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to investigate the hemodynamic effects of cavopulmonary support using a numerical model with closed-loop baroreflex and exercise mechanisms. Methods: A numerical model of the univentricular cardiovascular system was developed, mimicking the hemodynamics during rest and exercise. Rotary blood pumps with different hydraulic pump characteristics (flat vs steep pressure-flow relationships) were investigated in the cavopulmonary position. Furthermore, two support modes—a constant speed setting and a physiologically controlled speed—were examined. Results: Hemodynamics without rotary blood pumps were achieved with less than 10% deviation from reported values during rest and exercise. Rotary blood pumps at constant speed improve the hemodynamics at rest, however, they constitute a hydraulic resistance during light (steep characteristics) or moderate (flat characteristics) exercise. In contrast, physiologic control increases cardiac output (moderate exercise: 8.2 vs 7.4 L/min) and reduces sympathetic activation (heart rate at moderate exercise: 111 vs 123 bpm). Conclusion: In this simulation study, the necessity of an automatically controlled rotary blood pump in the cavopulmonary position was shown. A pump at constant speed might constitute an additional resistance to venous return during physical activity. Therefore, a physiologic control algorithm based on the pressure difference between the caval veins and the atrial pressure is proposed to improve hemodynamics, especially during physical activity.

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Schüle, Chan Y., Klaus Affeld, Max Kossatz, Christian O. Paschereit, and Ulrich Kertzscher. "Turbulence Measurements in an Axial Rotary Blood Pump with Laser Doppler Velocimetry." International Journal of Artificial Organs 40, no. 3 (March 2017): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ijao.5000571.

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Background The implantation of rotary blood pumps as ventricular assist devices (VADs) has become a viable therapy for quite a number of patients with end-stage heart failure. However, these rotary blood pumps cause adverse events that are related to blood trauma. It is currently believed that turbulence in the pump flow plays a significant role. But turbulence has not been measured to date because there is no optical access to the flow space in rotary blood pumps because of their opaque casings. Methods This difficulty is overcome with a scaled-up model of the HeartMate II (HM II) rotary blood pump with a transparent acrylic housing. A 2-component laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) system was used for the measurement of time resolved velocity profiles and velocity spectra upstream and downstream of the rotor blades. Observing similarity laws, the speed and pump head were adjusted to correspond closely to the design point of the original pump – 10,600 rpm speed and 80 mmHg pressure head. A model fluid consisting of a water-glycerol mixture was used. Results The measured velocity spectra were scalable by the Kolmogorov length and the Kolmogorov length was estimated to be between 14 and 24 μm at original scale, thus being about 1.5 to 3 times the size of a red blood cell. Conclusions It can be concluded that turbulence is indeed present in the investigated blood pump and that it can be described by Kolmogorov's theory of turbulence. The size of the smallest vortices compares well to the turbulence length scales as found in prosthetic heart valves, for example.

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Bierschbach, Judy Laver, Leslie Cooper, and Jennifer A. Liedl. "Insulin Pumps: What Every School Nurse Needs to Know." Journal of School Nursing 20, no. 2 (April 2004): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10598405040200021201.

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The results of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial revolutionized the care of people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). The era of “tight control” of blood sugars to decrease microvascular complications dawned. The subsequent technological development of insulin pumps has made it possible for individuals with Type 1 DM, as well as those with Type 2 who are insulin dependent, to keep their blood sugars in a more normal range. Children of all ages with Type 1 DM have been switching from multiple daily injections of insulin to insulin pumps. School nurses who have not had a child with a pump certainly will in the near future. It is important for school nurses to understand the function and possible complications of using an insulin pump to assist and support children in their transition to pump therapy. School nurses need to be aware of available technical support resources for insulin pumps should problems arise at school with pump management.

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Hansbro, S. D., D. AC Sharpe, R. Catchpole, K. R. Welsh, C. M. Munsch, J. P. McGoldrick, and P. H. Kay. "Haemolysis during cardiopulmonary bypass: an in vivo comparison of standard roller pumps, nonocclusive roller pumps and centrifugal pumps." Perfusion 14, no. 1 (January 1999): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765919901400102.

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Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) involves the use of either an occlusive roller pump or centrifugal pump. Damage to blood elements, including haemolysis, may arise from occlusion when using a roller pump; the appropriate degree of occlusion has not yet been determined scientifically. Centrifugal and nonocclusive roller pumps are reputed to reduce haemolysis. The objective of this study was to compare haemolysis caused by a standard roller pump with a dynamically set nonocclusive roller pump and with a centrifugal pump. We prospectively randomized 60 patients undergoing routine coronary artery surgery into three groups: standard roller pump (STD, n = 20), dynamically set roller pump (DYN, n = 20), or centrifugal pump (CEN, n = 20). The level of plasma free haemoglobin (FHb) was measured preoperatively, and the rate of formation of FHb (in mg/dl/min) was determined at the end of the ischaemic phase and at the end of CPB. Cardiotomy suction blood was isolated for the ischaemic phase and returned before the end of CPB. It was found that there were no differences between the groups in demographic or operative variables. The rate of formation of FHb at the end of the ischaemic phase was similar for all groups (STD 0.108 ± 0.10, DYN 0.117 ± 0.08, CEN 0.129 ± 0.07). At the end of CPB, after return of the cardiotomy suction blood, there was a significant (<0.001) increase in the rate of formation of FHb in all groups. The increase was similar for each of the groups (STD 0.424 ± 0.17, DYN 0.481 ± 0.20, CEN 0.471 ± 0.18). We conclude that the rates of haemolysis are similar for each of the pump types, and no benefit is conferred by the use of either a dynamically set roller pump or a centrifugal pump compared with the standard roller pump. The return of the cardiotomy suction blood to the circulation is the principal source of plasma free haemoglobin.

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Petukhov, Dmitry, Leonie Korn, Marian Walter, and Dmitry Telyshev. "A Novel Control Method for Rotary Blood Pumps as Left Ventricular Assist Device Utilizing Aortic Valve State Detection." BioMed Research International 2019 (December 11, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1732160.

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A novel control method for rotary blood pumps is proposed relying on two different objectives: regulation of pump flow in accordance with desired value and the maintenance of partial support with an open aortic valve by the variation of pump speed. The estimation of pump flow and detection of aortic valve state was performed with mathematical models describing the first- and second generation of Sputnik rotary blood pumps. The control method was validated using a cardiovascular system model. The state of the aortic valve was detected with a mean accuracy of 91% for Sputnik 1 and 96.2% for Sputnik 2 when contractility, heart rate, and systemic vascular resistance was changed. In silico results for both pumps showed that the proposed control method can achieve the desired pump flow level and maintain the open state of the aortic valve by periodically switching between two objectives under contractility, heart rate, and systemic vascular resistance changes. The proposed method showed its potential for safe operation without adverse events and for the improvement of chances for myocardial recovery.

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Zwarts, M. S., S. R. Topaz, D. N. Jones, and W. J. Kolff. "A computer controlled pulsatile pump: preliminary study." International Journal of Artificial Organs 19, no. 12 (December 1996): 719–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889601901207.

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A Stepper Motor Driven Reciprocating Pump (SDRP) can replace roller pumps and rotary pumps for cardio pulmonary bypass, hemodialysis and regional perfusion. The blood pumping ventricles are basically the same as ventricles used for air driven artificial hearts and ventricular assist devices. The electric stepper motor uses a flexible linkage belt to produce a reciprocating movement, which pushes a hard sphere into the diaphragm of the blood ventricles. The SDRP generates pulsatile flow and has a small priming volume. The preset power level of the motor driver limits the maximum potential outflow pressure, so the driver acts as a safety device. A double pump can be made by connecting two fluid pumping chambers to opposing sides of the motor base. Each pump generates pulsatile flow. Pressure and flow studies with water were undertaken. Preliminary blood studies showed low hemolysis, even when circulating a small amount of blood up to 16 hours.

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Ganushchak, Y., W. van Marken Lichtenbelt, T. van der Nagel, and D. S. de Jong. "Hydrodynamic performance and heat generation by centrifugal pumps." Perfusion 21, no. 6 (November 2006): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659106074003.

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For over a century, centrifugal pumps (CP) have been used in various applications, from large industrial pumps to flow pumps for aquariums. However, the use of CP as blood pumps has a rather short history. Consequently, the hydraulic performance data for a blood CP are limited. The aim of our investigation was to study the hydraulic performance and the heat generation of three commercially available CP: Bio-Medicus Bio-Pump BP80 (Medtronic), Rotaflow (Jostra Medizintechnik), and DeltaStreamTM DP2 (MEDOS Medizintechnik AQ). The study was performed using a circuit primed with a water-glycerin mixture with a dynamic viscosity of 0.00272 pa/s. Pressure-flow curves were obtained by a stepwise stagnation of the pump outlet or inlet. The temperature changes were observed using ThermaCAM SC2000 (Flir Systems). The pumps’ performance in close to clinical conditions (‘operating region’) was analysed in this report. The ‘operating region’ in the case of the BP80 is positioned around the pressure-flow curve at a pump speed of 3000 rpm. In the case of the Rotaflow, the ‘operating region’ was between the pump pressure-flow curves at a speed of 3000 and 4000 rpm, and the DP2 was found between 7000 and 8000 rpm. The standard deviation of mean pressure through the pump was used to characterise the stability of the pump. In experiments with outlet stagnation, the BP80 demonstrated high negative association between flow and pressure variability (r=-0.68, p <0.001). In experiments with the DP2, this association was positive (r=-0.68, pB <0.001). All pumps demonstrated significantly higher variability of pressure in experiments with inlet stagnation in comparison to the experiments with outlet stagnation. The rise of relative temperature in the inlet of a pump was closely related to the flow rate. The heating of fluid was more pronounced in the ‘zero-flow’ mode, especially in experiments with inlet stagnation. In summary, (1) the ‘zero-flow’ regime, which is described in the manuals of some commercially-available pumps, is the use of the pump outside the allowable operating region. It is potentially dangerous and should, therefore, never be used in clinical settings. (2) Using centrifugal pumps for kinetic-assisted venous return can only be performed safely when the negative pressure at the inlet of the pump is monitored continuously. The maximum allowable negative pressure has to be defined for each type of pump, and must be based on pump performance.

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Xu, Z. C., P. B. Dunham, J. S. Munzer, J. R. Silvius, and R. Blostein. "Rat kidney Na-K pumps incorporated into low-K+ sheep red blood cell membranes are stimulated by anti-Lp antibody." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 263, no. 5 (November 1, 1992): C1007—C1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1992.263.5.c1007.

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A genetic dimorphism of sheep red blood cells characterized by differences in the intracellular K+ concentration of mature red blood cells (low-K+ or high-K+ cells) reflects differences in their Na-K pumps and is known to be linked to the ML blood group system. We investigated the relationship of Na-K pumps in red blood cells from sheep of the low-K+ phenotype with an antigen, Lp, that is restricted to low-K+ cells. Anti-Lp antibody stimulates the Na-K pumps in these cells presumably by relieving inhibition of the pumps by Lp. The questions addressed were as follows: is Lp a molecular entity distinct from pumps and, if so, can it interact with pumps of exogenous origin? Rat kidney Na-K pumps were incorporated by fusion of microsomes into either low-K+ or high-K+ sheep red blood cells. The activity of the exogenous kidney pumps was distinguished from that of the endogenous red blood cell pumps by the low sensitivity of rodent pumps to ouabain. Anti-Lp stimulated by > 50% rat kidney pumps incorporated into immature low-K+ sheep cells. This indicates that Lp is a distinct molecular entity free to dissociate from endogenous pumps and inhibit exogenous pumps. Anti-Lp did not stimulate kidney pumps incorporated into mature low-K+ cells but did stimulate kidney pumps following in vitro maturation of microsome fused reticulocytes, probably reflecting restriction of lateral movement of pumps and antigens by the cytoskeleton in mature cells.

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35

Zhang, Jiafeng, Zengsheng Chen, Bartley P. Griffith, and Zhongjun J. Wu. "Computational characterization of flow and blood damage potential of the new maglev CH-VAD pump versus the HVAD and HeartMate II pumps." International Journal of Artificial Organs 43, no. 10 (February 11, 2020): 653–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0391398820903734.

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Left ventricular assist devices are routinely used to treat patients with advanced heart failure as a bridge to transplant or a destination therapy. However, non-physiological shear stress generated by left ventricular assist devices damages blood cells. The continued development of novel left ventricular assist devices is essential to improve the left ventricular assist device therapy for heart failure patients. The CH-VAD is a new maglev centrifugal left ventricular assist device. In this study, the CH-VAD pump was numerically analyzed and compared with the HVAD and HeartMate II pumps under two clinically relevant conditions (flow: 4.5 L/min, pressure head: normal ~80 and hypertension ~120 mmHg). The velocity and shear stress fields, washout, and hemolysis index of the three pumps were assessed with computational fluid dynamics analysis. Under the same condition, the CH-VAD hemolysis index was two times lower than the HVAD and HeartMate II pumps; the CH-VAD had the least percentage volume with shear stress larger than 100 Pa (i.e. normal condition: 0.4% vs HVAD 1.0%, and HeartMate II 2.9%). Under the normal condition, more than 98% was washed out of the three pumps within 0.4 s. The washout times were slightly shorter under the hypertension condition for the three pumps. No regions inside the CH-VAD or HVAD had extremely long residential time, while areas near the straightener of the HeartMate II pump had long residential time (>4 s) indicating elevated risks of thrombosis. The computational fluid dynamics results suggested that the CH-VAD pump has a better hemolytic biocompatibility than the HVAD and HeartMate II pumps under the normal and hypertension conditions.

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YAMANE, Takashi, Masahiro NISHIDA, Osamu MARUYAMA, and Ryo Kosaka. "Flow visualization of rotary blood pumps." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 29-1, no. 1 (2009): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.29.303.

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37

Reul, H., P. Harbott, Th Siess, and G. Rau. "Rotary blood pumps in circulatory assist." Perfusion 10, no. 3 (May 1995): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765919501000306.

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38

Burns, G. L. "Infections Associated with Implanted Blood Pumps." International Journal of Artificial Organs 16, no. 11 (November 1993): 771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889301601105.

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A variety of prosthetic blood pumps are currently undergoing experimental development or are available for clinical use. The Jarvik-7® and Jarvik 7-70® (Symbion-7® and Symbion 7-70®) total artificial hearts (TAH) have been used worldwide both experimentally and for clinical mechanical circulatory support. Of the 190 patients implanted with these devices, 133 went on to cardiac transplantation and 68 of the transplanted patients are alive. Complications associated with the use of the TAH have included postoperative hemorrhage, thrombosis with thromboembolism and infection. The incidence of infection in the patients implanted with the TAH has declined significantly since initial clinical use and is now near 30%. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most commonly pathogens isolated from these devices.

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39

Yamane, T., O. Maruyama, T. Kato, M. Nishida, Y. Miyamoto, T. Tsutsui, T. Jikuya, Y. Sankai, T. Okubo, and T. Sano. "HEMOCOMPATIBILITY OF HYDRODYNAMIC LEVITATION BLOOD PUMPS." ASAIO Journal 49, no. 2 (March 2003): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-200303000-00050.

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40

Giridharan, C. A., M. Skliar, K. J. Gillars, S. C. Koenig, and G. M. Pantalos. "PHYSIOLOGIC CONTROL OF ROTARY BLOOD PUMPS." ASAIO Journal 49, no. 2 (March 2003): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-200303000-00131.

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41

Snyder, A. J., K. Pope, and A. Tews. "PROGRESS TOWARD ELECTROACTIVE POLYMER BLOOD PUMPS." ASAIO Journal 50, no. 2 (March 2004): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-200403000-00121.

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42

Bertram, C. D. "Measurement for implantable rotary blood pumps." Physiological Measurement 26, no. 4 (April 5, 2005): R99—R117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/26/4/r01.

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43

Ohuchi, Katsuhiro, Daiki Kikugawa, Kiyofumi Takahashi, Masahito Uemura, Makoto Nakamura, Taiji Murakami, Tohru Sakamoto, and Setsuo Takatani. "Control Strategy for Rotary Blood Pumps." Artificial Organs 25, no. 5 (May 2001): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1594.2001.025005366.x.

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44

Sipin, A. J., B. Bender, W. J. Fabrey, R. Keller, J. Liu, and D. B. Olsen. "Purge System for Rotary Blood Pumps." Artificial Organs 21, no. 7 (July 1997): 611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.1997.tb03709.x.

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Olsen, Don B. "Rotary Blood Pumps: A New Horizon." Artificial Organs 23, no. 8 (August 1999): 695–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1594.1999.00778.x.

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46

YAMAZAKI, Kenji. "Development of Implantable Rotary Blood Pumps." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 100, no. 944 (1997): 731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.100.944_731.

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47

Kumar, R. Ajit, Pratap Khanwilkar, and Don B. Olsen. "DIFFUSION BARRIES COATINGS FOR BLOOD PUMPS." ASAIO Journal 43, no. 2 (March 1997): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-199703000-00192.

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Jammu, Vinay, Stanley Malanoski, Thomas Walter, and William Smith. "CONDITION MONITORING OF ROTARY BLOOD PUMPS." ASAIO Journal 43, no. 2 (March 1997): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-199703000-00215.

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JAMMU, VINAY B., STANLEY MALANOSKI, THOMAS WALTER, and WILLIAM SMITH. "Condition Monitoring of Rotary Blood Pumps." ASAIO Journal 43, no. 5 (September 1997): M644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-199709000-00061.

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50

Akdis, M., and H. Reul. "Mechanical blood pumps for cardiac assistance." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2, no. 2 (February 2005): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/abbi.2004.0034.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Blood pumps'

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