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1

Logan, Sarah, Ian Cropley, Massimo Varcada, Ian Clark, Charles D. Murray, and John R. Hurst. "Bloody Diarrhoea." Lancet 382, no. 9892 (2013): e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61742-0.

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2

Ncube, Cynthia. "Trends in Diarrhoeal Diseases, City of Bulawayo Clinics, 2007-2012." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 9, no. 2 (2021): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.09.02.art026.

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Diarrhoeal Diseases Are A Public Health Concern And Constitute About 5% Of All Main Causes Of Out-Patient Department Visits In The City Of Bulawayo. We Conducted A Dataset Analysis Of Diarrhoeal Diseases To Determine How The Trends Have Varied Over The Years. A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study Based On An Electronic Database For Diarrhoeal Diseases (2007-2012) Was Conducted. Data Was Collected Using Compilation Forms And Checklists, Then Analysed Using Microsoft Excel. Three Key Informants Were Interviewed. The Formula, (Mean + 1.5SD), Was Used To Calculate Thresholds For Bloody Diarrhoea. Th
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3

Taniguchi, Kazuto, Toshihiro Nonaka, and Kazuyasu Uemichi. "Reddish Diarrhoea Caused by Excessive Ingestion of Watermelon: Mimicker of Bacterial Colitis." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 41, no. 1 (2021): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v41i1.32932.

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 Bloody diarrhoea in children is indicative of serious diseases. Although bloody diarrhoea following bacterial colitis is well known, reddish diarrhoea caused by excessive ingestion of watermelon is unknown. A two year old girl who excessively ingested watermelon presented with repeated reddish diarrhoea. A kit for fecal occult blood testing revealed that the reddish diarrhoea did not contain blood. Reddish diarrhoea caused by excessive ingestion of watermelon can be a mimicker of bacterial colitis. The kit for fecal occult blood testing was useful for differential d
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4

Chai, Yan, Arijit Nandi, and Jody Heymann. "Association of increased duration of legislated paid maternity leave with childhood diarrhoea prevalence in low-income and middle-income countries: difference-in-differences analysis." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 74, no. 5 (2020): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-212127.

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BackgroundDiarrhoea is the second-leading infectious cause of death in children younger than age 5 years. The global burden of severe diarrhoeal disease is concentrated in Africa and Southeast Asia, where a significant percentage of the population resides in low-resource settings. We aimed to quantitatively examine whether extending the duration of legislated paid maternity leave affected the prevalence of childhood diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsWe merged longitudinal data measuring national maternity leave policies with information on the prevalence of blo
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Sendow, Indrawati, and Helmy Hamid. "The isolation of canine parvovirus and pathological changes of infected dogs." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 9, no. 1 (2014): 46–54. https://doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v9i1.427.

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The aims of this study are to isolate canine parvovirus (CPV) from the field case and to evaluate its histological aspects in CPV infected dogs. Samples were collected from intestine, intestine contained and mucose, as well as dogs feses from diarrhoea and blood diarrhoea. The suspension of those specimen was inoculated into Feline Kidney cells and observed for cythopathic effect (CPE). The presence of CPE indicated that there was viral isolate and continued to further identification using Haemaglutination (HA) test with pig red blood cells. Samples with positif in HA test were further identif
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6

Hinton, J. W., and J. R. F. Cummings. "A man with bloody diarrhoea." BMJ 344, mar07 1 (2012): e978-e978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e978.

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7

Watt, George, Pelagio C. Baldovino, Josefina T. Castro, Marcelino T. Fernando, and Catherine P. Ranoa. "Bloody diarrhoea after praziquantel therapy." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 80, no. 2 (1986): 345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(86)90053-2.

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8

Muhammad Hilmi Mahmud and Zaleha Md. Isa. "ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS OF DIARRHOEA AMONG VULNERABLE POPULATION: A NARRATIVE REVIEW." Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 22, no. 2 (2022): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.22/no.2/art.1372.

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Despite improvements in global public health, diarrhoea causes more than 1.65 million deaths in 2016 which placed diarrhoea as the eighth leading cause of mortality in all ages and placed the fifth leading cause of death in children age five years and below in Malaysia. The impact of frequent diarrhoeal episodes is tremendous especially to children which include stunting and cognitive delay. There are three types of diarrhoea depending on the symptoms which are acute watery diarrhoea, acute bloody diarrhoea (dysentery) and persistent diarrhoea. Diarrhoea is commonly caused by Rotavirus, Crypto
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9

Das, Mousumi, Ranjana S. Kale, and Manish Jain. "Acute Diarrhoea in Children Aged Up to 2 Years Age Group: Assessment of Therapeutic Strategies and Hospital Stay Variance, in Tertiary Care Rural Hospital – An Observational Study." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 17, no. 2 (2024): 1231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2937.

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Acute Diarrhoea, it is one of the leading causes of under 5 childrens’ morbidity and mortality in India. It is most common in children especially those between 6 months and 2 years. Antimicrobials are mostly used drug for acute diarrhoeal cases according to many studies but according to WHO antibiotics are not required for all the diarrhoeal cases except few bacterial diarrhoeas. Other way, WHO recommends Zinc with low osmolarity ORS for acute diarrhoea. So, this study was designed for assessing the treatment pattern and its outcome in our setup. Objectives: - To assess the use of antibiotics
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10

ARVELO, W., L. S. BLUM, N. NAHAR, et al. "Community perceptions of bloody diarrhoea in an urban slum in South Asia: implications for introduction of aShigellavaccine." Epidemiology and Infection 139, no. 4 (2010): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810001391.

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SUMMARYUnderstanding local perceptions of disease causation could help public health officials improve strategies to prevent bloody diarrhoea. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh to elicit community beliefs about the causes of and prevention strategies for bloody diarrhoea. Between March and June 2003, we interviewed 541 randomly selected respondents. Overall, 507 (93%) respondents perceived that a vaccine could prevent bloody diarrhoea. If a vaccine provided lifetime protection, 445 (83%) respondents stated that they would opt to get the vaccine and would pay a median
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11

Gillespie, Iain A., Sarah J. O'Brien, Jennifer A. Frost, et al. "Investigating vomiting and/or bloody diarrhoea in Campylobacter jejuni infection." Journal of Medical Microbiology 55, no. 6 (2006): 741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46422-0.

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Campylobacter jejuni infection frequently presents as acute enteritis with diarrhoea, malaise, fever and abdominal pain. Vomiting and bloody diarrhoea are reported less frequently. To investigate potential host, micro-organism or environmental factors that might explain the different clinical presentations, the features of laboratory-confirmed Campylobacter jejuni cases presenting with vomiting and/or bloody diarrhoea were compared with cases who did not report either clinical manifestation. Single variable analysis and logistic regression were employed. Explanatory variables included food, wa
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12

Abdel Kerim, Yasser. "AKT question relating to bloody diarrhoea." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 12, no. 9 (2019): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738019858197.

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13

Culver, Emma L., Christopher Winearls, Ian Roberts, and Satish Keshav. "A rare cause of bloody diarrhoea." Gut 61, no. 1 (2011): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.2010.212852.

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14

Alkhatib, Amer A., Maia M. Ahdab, and Fateh A. Elkhatib. "Bloody diarrhoea secondary to cytomegalovirus ileitis." Digestive and Liver Disease 43, no. 2 (2011): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2010.01.007.

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15

Pushpraj Prafulla Gawai. "Cefpodoxime Proxetil associated bloody diarrhoea, itching and red rashes in child: A case report." Journal of Pharmacovigilance and Drug Research 2, no. 1 (2021): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53411/jpadr.2021.2.1.6.

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Case Report: A case report of a five-year-old paediatric patient was presented here, who received Cefpodoxime proxetil for the treatment of Dengue fever and experienced bloody diarrhoea, itching and red rashes on hands. His laboratory data includes haemoglobin level 10.9 gm % (13-17 gm %), total leucocyte count 4100 /cmm (4000-1000 /cmm), neutrophils 73 % (40-75 %), lymphocytes 20 % (20-45 %), eosinophils 03 % (1-6 %), monocytes 04 % (2-10 %), platelet count 2.42 Lac /cµmm (1.5-4.5 Lac /cµmm), Lymph% 19.9 % (20-45), Gran% 72.5 % (40-75), HGB 10.9/103 /µL (11.0-16.0), HCT 34.9 % (37-54), MCV 68
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16

Auta, Asa, Brian O. Ogbonna, Emmanuel O. Adewuyi, Davies Adeloye, and Barry Strickland-Hodge. "Prevalence and factors associated with the use of antibiotics in non-bloody diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 6 (2018): 518–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-314228.

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ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence and determine the factors associated with the use of antibiotics in the management of non-bloody diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).MethodsWe conducted a meta-analysis of demographic and health survey data sets from 30 countries in SSA. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using random effects model. Χ2 tests were employed to determine the factors associated with the antibiotic use.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of antibiotic use among cases of non-bloody diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age was 23.1% (95% CI 1
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17

Banerjee, R., P. Pal, H. Tevethia, et al. "P659 Colonoscopic screening of symptomatic patients suggests an emerging inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in urban and rural south India." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 15, Supplement_1 (2021): S586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab076.779.

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Abstract Background Recent studies suggest that IBD is on the rise in the developing world. This is also the region with limited access to healthcare facilities, poor physician and patient awareness of the disease and diagnostic dilemmas with the infectious bacterial diarrheas preventing adequate diagnosis. There is very limited data on the relative prevalence of IBD compared to the infectious diarrhoeas. We screened symptomatic patients to assess the diagnostic profile in the real world settings with free of cost service to people below poverty line and the un-insured. Methods The study is be
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18

Al-Kubaisy, Dr Waqar, Dr Amer Al-Badre, Dr Redhwan Ahmed Al-Naggar, and Dr Muhamed T. Osman. "Clinical Presentations and Pathogenic Agents of Bloody Diarrhoea among Iraqi Children." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 8 (2011): 519–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/aug2013/164.

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19

Hawaii, Pushpraj Prafulla. "Cefpodoxime Proxetil associated bloody diarrhoea, itching and red rashes in child: A case report." Journal of Pharmacovigilance and Drug Research 2, no. 1 (2021): 18–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4904468.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> A case report of a five-year-old paediatric patient was presented here, who received Cefpodoxime proxetil for the treatment of Dengue fever and experienced bloody diarrhoea, itching and red rashes on hands. His laboratory data includes haemoglobin level 10.9 gm % (13-17 gm %), total leucocyte count 4100 /cmm (4000-1000 /cmm), neutrophils 73 % (40-75 %), lymphocytes 20 % (20-45 %), eosinophils 03 % (1-6 %), monocytes 04 % (2-10 %), platelet count 2.42 Lac /c&micro;mm (1.5-4.5 Lac /c&micro;mm), Lymph% 19.9 % (20-45), Gran% 72.5 % (40-75), HGB 10.9/103 /&micro;L (11.0-16
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20

Nsimba, S. E. D. "Assessing the performance, practices and roles of drug sellers/dispensers and mothers'/guardians' behaviour for common childhood conditions in Kibaha district, Tanzania." Tropical Doctor 37, no. 4 (2007): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/004947507782333099.

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In most third world countries, self-medication is common and pharmacies, drug stores and drug shops are important providers of health advice and inexpensive medicines. We used exit interviews to assess drug sellers'/dispensers' roles and consumers' behaviour in Kibaha district, Coast region, Tanzania. Exit interviews with mothers/guardians reported the following childhood conditions treated with or without prescriptions at drug shops: respiratory infections (34%), fever (21%), a combination of diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection (ARI) and fever (14%), diarrhoea alone (13%) and other conditi
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21

Patzi-Vargas, Sandra, Mussaret Zaidi, Rodolfo Bernal-Reynaga, Magda León-Cen, Alba Michel, and Teresa Estrada-Garcia. "Persistent bloody diarrhoea without fever associated with diffusely adherent Escherichia coli in a young child." Journal of Medical Microbiology 62, no. 12 (2013): 1907–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.062349-0.

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Diffusely adherent Escherichia coli (DAEC) is thought to cause diarrhoea in children, and so too are other diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC); however, the evidence base is inconclusive. DEC pathotypes are differentiated on the basis of their pathogenic features, and thus cannot be quickly identified on selective culture media. Molecular techniques, not readily available in most clinical laboratories, are required to differentiate DEC strains from non-pathogenic E. coli in the stool flora. We report a case of persistent bloody diarrhoea, without fever, in a previously healthy 21-month infant from wh
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22

Stechman, M., P. Safranek, and S. Purkayastha. "Intussusception in a Young Adult With Bloody Diarrhoea." International Journal of Surgery 2, no. 2 (2004): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1743-9191(06)60065-4.

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23

Malnick, Stephen, Ali Abdul-Hai, Ali Abdullah, et al. "Bloody diarrhoea in a hunger striker: starvation colitis." Lancet 385, no. 9978 (2015): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60309-9.

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24

Ashraghi, M. R., M. Williams, and T. Sriram. "Bloody diarrhoea in a patient with HIV infection." BMJ Case Reports 2015, no. 19 1 (2015): bcr2015212206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2015-212206.

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25

Hall, Ed. "Dealing with haemorrhagic diarrhoea in dogs." In Practice 45, no. 9 (2023): 516–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/inpr.369.

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Background: Canine acute diarrhoea is a common presentation in small animal practice, but most cases are self‐limiting and require no treatment except correction of any dehydration. However, the presence of bloody diarrhoea indicates the condition is more severe and may require diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The syndrome haemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE) has been renamed as acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome (AHDS), but its cause is still debated, and indeed there are numerous potential causes of haemorrhagic diarrhoea other than the idiopathic HGE/AHDS syndrome.Aim of the artic
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Seidl, H., T. Helmberger, T. Schmidt, W. Heitland, and W. Schepp. "Bloody diarrhoea in a 54-year-old Arab patient." Gut 58, no. 4 (2009): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.2008.164939.

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27

Murphy, M. Stephen. "Management of bloody diarrhoea in children in primary care." BMJ 336, no. 7651 (2008): 1010–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39542.440417.be.

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28

Mann, SD, A. Young*, IG Barrison, and SM Catnach. "BLOODY DIARRHOEA: A RARE PRESENTATION OF A SYSTEMIC DISEASE." International Journal of Clinical Practice 57, no. 5 (2003): 441–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2003.tb10525.x.

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29

Rivero, Mariana Alejandra, Juan Antonio Passucci, Edgardo Mario Rodriguez, and Alberto Ernesto Parma. "Role and clinical course of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in childhood acute diarrhoea in Argentina." Journal of Medical Microbiology 59, no. 3 (2010): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.015560-0.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the role and clinical course of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) infections in children with acute diarrhoea from Argentina, the country with the highest worldwide incidence of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). To accomplish this objective, 437 samples from children up to 6 years old with acute diarrhoea were collected and processed. More than 60 % of the children studied presented watery or mucous diarrhoea without blood, and in 25.2 % of the cases the samples contained blood. In a first screening, a multiplex PCR was performed to detect the pres
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Islam, Mohammed Mansuri, Md Parwez Ahmad, Akhtar Alam Ansari, Tarannum Khatun, Mohammad Ashfaque Ansari, and Pramod Kumar Sarraf. "Acute Diarrhoea Management in Emergency; Influencing Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns." Med Phoenix 2, no. 1 (2017): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/medphoenix.v2i1.18380.

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Background: Medical students are taught the internationally accepted approach to acute diarrhoea, viz. adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement is the fundamental management of acute diarrhoea. Antibiotics should be restricted to specific indications, such as acute dysentery. Despite the well known rationale, there has been a high rate of prescription of antibiotics for acute diarrhoea presenting to Emergency.Methods: The pre and post intervention data was collected in the following way. All Emergency case records were routinely scrutinized in the Dept of Family Medicine after discharge with
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Riadi, Putu Risma Yuvita, and Anak Agung Istri Sri Kumala Dewi. "Combination of zinc and probiotic for acute diarrhoea in adult." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 12, no. 1 (2024): 103–5. https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20243820.

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In Indonesia, diarrhea affected 9% of the population and was the fourth most common cause of death across all age groups (13.2%). Case 1: A 33-year-old female presented to the emergency room with a history of diarrhea without bloody or oily stools, nausea and vomiting. The patient was assessed with noninfective gastroenteritis, suspected to be caused by viruses. She was given rehydration therapy, symptomatic therapy, with combination of zinc and probiotic. Case 2: A 25-year-old female presented to the emergency room with a history of diarrhea without bloody or oily stools and mild epigastric p
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Chai, Yan, Arijit Nandi, and Jody Heymann. "Is the impact of paid maternity leave policy on the prevalence of childhood diarrhoea mediated by breastfeeding duration? A causal mediation analysis using quasi-experimental evidence from 38 low-income and middle-income countries." BMJ Open 14, no. 1 (2024): e071520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071520.

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ObjectivesQuasi-experimental evidence suggests that extending the duration of legislated paid maternity leave is associated with lower prevalence of childhood diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This could be due to a variety of mechanisms. This study examines whether this effect is mediated by changes in breastfeeding duration.Design and settingDifference-in-difference approach and causal mediation analysis were used to perform secondary statistical analysis of cross-sectional data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) in 38 LMICs.ParticipantsWe merged longitudin
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Popa, Gabriela-Loredana, and Mircea-Ioan Popa. "SHIGELLOSIS OUTBREAKS – AN UPDATE." Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology 81, no. 1 (2022): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54044/rami.2022.01.06.

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"Despite the global economic development, diarrhoea remains an important health concern worldwide. The epidemiological importance of Shigella spp. infections is very high, being the leading cause of bacterial diarrhoea. Clinically, shigellosis can manifest as watery diarrhoea or dysentery, with bloody stool, accompanied by fever and abdominal pain. Children and the elderly are most susceptible to developing severe forms. In this review, we highlight the rise of antibiotic-resistant Shigella spp. strains and provide an overview of recent shigellosis outbreaks. Shigellosis is an infectious disea
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Dedeić-Ljubović, Amela, Mirsada Hukić, Daria Bekić, and Amra Zvizdić. "Frequency and Distribution of Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated from Pediatric Patients with Diarrhoea in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 9, no. 2 (2009): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2009.2835.

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Diarrhoeal disease is a major cause of illness and death among infants and young children worldwide. Among the Escherichia coli (E. coli) causing intestinal diseases, there are six well-described categories: enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), entero-pathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC).The aim of the present study was to investigate the relative contribution of different groups of diarrhoe-agenic E. coli (DEC) in paediatric patients with diarrhoea. Clinical stool specimen
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Prakash, Gnana. "A Case Report on Steroid Resistant Ulcerative Colitis." Future Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Sciences 2, no. 2 (2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/fjphs.v2i2.215.

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the large intestine. It leads to bloody diarrhoea and pain in the lower abdomen. In a 22-year-old man with steroid resistant ulcerative colitis, doctors were faced with an unusual case where he was producing blood. The patient had no medical history of bleeding (except for blood pressure medication two years ago) and had no predisposing diseases or conditions that would explain his non-bloody diarrhoea and rectal bleeding. In this case, doctors needed to find out if this patient had any other causes of bleeding other than
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Marta, Biancucci, Ramondo Silvia, Torelli Mario, Ielmini Claudio, Vanoli Cristina, and Giuseppe Bertolini Andrea. "A Rare Case of Synchronous Severe Duodenal Ulcers and Acute Colitis in Sartan-Induced Enteropathy: A Case Report and Review of Literature." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AND CLINICAL RESEARCH STUDIES 02, no. 07 (2022): 599–602. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6795565.

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Sartan induced sprue-like enteropathy (SIE) was initially reported as a side effect of chronic Olmesartan use in 2012 and is characterized by chronic diarrhoea and weight loss. The diagnosis is often difficult and requires ruling out of other causes of enteropathy including infectious gastroenteritis, autoimmune enteropathy and celiac disease. &nbsp; A 51 &ndash; year &ndash; old Caucasian male was admitted to our hospital because of chronic non-bloody diarrhoea associated with severe acute renal failure and electrolyte imbalances. His medical history was only positive for hypertension for whi
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Rasheed, Nidaa, Rajan Anand, Mark Maddox, and Candice Reyes. "Refractory pembrolizumab immunotherapy-related colitis requiring biological therapy in an inactive HBcAb carrier." BMJ Case Reports 16, no. 9 (2023): e256675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2023-256675.

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a class of cancer immunotherapy, with a constellation of side effects that require early recognition and management. We present a patient with metastatic adenocarcinoma started on pembrolizumab a month prior, who was admitted to the hospital for bloody diarrhoea. He underwent flexible sigmoidoscopy with biopsy proven grade 3 immune-mediated diarrhoea and colitis. He developed progressively worsening diarrhoea despite appropriate intravenous corticosteroids therapy, and initiation of corticosteroid-sparing therapy was complicated by discovery of hepatitis B core
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38

Allerberger, F., P. Kreidl, M. P. Dierich, et al. "Salmonella enterica serotype Oranienburg infections associated with consumption of locally produced Tyrolean cheese." Eurosurveillance 5, no. 11 (2000): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.05.11.00027-en.

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Sixteen culture confirmed cases of enteric infection with Salmonella enterica serotype Oranienburg were detected between August 10 and September 29 1999 in Tyrol (Austria). Ten of them suffered bloody diarrhoea and six were asymptomatic carriers. Intervie
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Pollock, KGJ, TJ Beattie, B. Reynolds, A. Stewart, and JM Cowden. "Clinical Management of Children with Suspected or Confirmed E. coli O157 Infection." Scottish Medical Journal 52, no. 3 (2007): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmsmj.52.3.5.

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Scotland continues to report higher rates of infection with Escherichia coli O157 than elsewhere in the UK. Infection with E. coli O157 usually manifests as acute, afebrile, painful, bloody diarrhoea and is the commonest cause of Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (HUS), an important cause of childhood renal failure. In 1996 an outbreak of E. coli O157 infection in Central Scotland, resulted in over 500 cases and 17 deaths. Ten years on, high-profile outbreaks of E. coli O157 infection in Scotland still result in cases of HUS and fatalities. We sought to identify outcomes and describe pre-hospital cl
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Ammon, A. "Surveillance of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) infections and haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) in Europe." Eurosurveillance 2, no. 12 (1997): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.02.12.00133-en.

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Since they were first described, Escherichia coliO157: H7 and other related enterohaemorrhagic E. coli(EHEC) have become known as a major infectious cause of bloody diarrhoea. These E. coliproduce one or more shiga-toxins (stx) or Vero cytotoxins. Strictl
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KÄPPELI, U., H. HÄCHLER, N. GIEZENDANNER, T. CHEASTY, and R. STEPHAN. "Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliO157 associated with human infections in Switzerland, 2000–2009." Epidemiology and Infection 139, no. 7 (2010): 1097–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810002190.

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SUMMARYShiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC), an important foodborne pathogen, can cause mild to severe bloody diarrhoea (BD), sometimes followed by life-threatening complications such as haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). A total of 44 O157 strains isolated from different patients from 2000 through 2009 in Switzerland were further characterized and linked to medical history data. Non-bloody diarrhoea was experienced by 15·9%, BD by 61·4% of the patients, and 29·5% developed HUS. All strains belonged to MLST type 11, were positive forstx2 variants (stx2 and/orstx2c),eaeandehxA, and only
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Kleanthous, H., N. K. Fry, H. R. Smith, R. J. Gross, and B. Rowe. "The use of sorbitol-MacConkey agar in conjunction with a specific antiserum for the detection of Vero cytotoxin-producing strains ofEscherichia coliO 157." Epidemiology and Infection 101, no. 2 (1988): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800054261.

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SUMMARYUsing DNA probes specific for the genes encoding Vero cytotoxins 1 and 2 in hybridization experiments on faecal samples. Vero cytotoxin-producingEscherichia coli(VTEC) of serogroup 0 157 were detected in 21 of 63 cases of haemorrhagic colitis, 9 of 31 cases of non-bloody diarrhoea and 14 of 68 cases of haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Compared with these results sorbitol-MacConkey agar in conjunction with a specific 0 157 antiserum gave a sensitivity of 62% in haemorrhagic colitis, 56% in non-bloody diarrhoea and 57% in haemolytic uraemic syndrome.The specificity of this method was 100% in
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Mahyar, Abolfazl, Parviz Ayazi, Victoria Chegini, Mehdi Sahmani, Sonia Oveisi, and Shiva Esmaeily. "Serum Zinc Concentrations in Children with Acute Bloody and Watery Diarrhoea." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal 15, no. 4 (2015): e512-e516. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2015.15.04.012.

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Galán-Sánchez, Fátima, Inmaculada Guerrero-Lozano, Fernando Rubio-Quiñones, and Manuel Rodríguez-Iglesias. "Haemolytic uraemic syndrome associated with bloody diarrhoea caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae." Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica 31, no. 1 (2013): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2012.07.001.

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Mahmoud, A. "Clinical Presentations and Pathogenic Agents of Bloody Diarrhoea among Iraqi Children." Journal of Infection and Public Health 12, no. 1 (2019): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2018.10.076.

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Mahyar, Abolfazl, Parviz Ayazi, Victoria Chegini, Mehdi Sahmani, Sonia Oveisi, and Shiva Esmaeily. "Serum Zinc Concentrations in Children with Acute Bloody and Watery Diarrhoea." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal 15, no. 4 (2015): 512–16. https://doi.org/10.18295/2075-0528.1737.

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Kovács, Judit K., Alysia Cox, Bettina Schweitzer, et al. "Virulence Traits of Inpatient Campylobacter jejuni Isolates, and a Transcriptomic Approach to Identify Potential Genes Maintaining Intracellular Survival." Microorganisms 8, no. 4 (2020): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040531.

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There are still major gaps in our understanding of the bacterial factors that influence the outcomes of human Campylobacter jejuni infection. The aim of this study was to compare the virulence-associated features of 192 human C. jejuni strains isolated from hospitalized patients with diarrhoea (150/192, 78.1%), bloody diarrhoea (23/192, 11.9%), gastroenteritis (3/192, 1.6%), ulcerative colitis (3/192, 1.5%), and stomach ache (2/192, 1.0%). Traits were analysed with genotypic and phenotypic methods, including PCR and extracellular matrix protein (ECMP) binding, adhesion, and invasion capacities
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Kottwitz, J., T. Mudege, K. Giaslakiotis, and S. S. Hoque. "P1186 Unveiling the reality of Collagenous colitis: Beyond its Benign Façade." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 18, Supplement_1 (2024): i2113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad212.1316.

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Abstract Background Microscopic colitis is a cause of chronic watery, non-bloody diarrhoea diagnosed mainly on histology after taking biopsy from essentially normal colonoscopy. Thereby mainly two subtypes can be identified: Lymphocytic and collagenous colitis. So far, no biomarkers for the diagnosis of microscopic colitis have been identified. Hower, despite being benign nature of this disease .it often trigger Two weeks wait (cancer path way) of the in the UK. Methods In this study, we analysed all cases of collagenous colitis diagnosed from 2018-2022 in the Northeast London from 5 different
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CHAPMAN, P. A., C. A. SIDDONS, J. MANNING, and C. CHEETHAM. "An outbreak of infection due to verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in four families: the influence of laboratory methods on the outcome of the investigation." Epidemiology and Infection 119, no. 2 (1997): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268897007991.

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Three members of family A, who had diarrhoea on 20 October, lived on a small arable farm which had 10 cattle. Manure from the animals was used to fertilize the ground for growing potatoes which were then offered for retail sale, unwashed, directly from the farm. The mother from family B bought potatoes, which were covered with manure, from family A in early November and over the subsequent 10 days she became ill with diarrhoea and her daughter and son both became ill with bloody diarrhoea. The mother from family C visited family B while the daughter from the latter family was symptomatic; the
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Lanneer, L., J. Flamaing, and P. Roelandt. "Need to treat?" Acta Gastro Enterologica Belgica 87, no. 3 (2024): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.51821/87.3.12234.

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A 76-year-old patient presented with a two-week history of watery diarrhoea. There was no history of fever, abdominal pain nor bloody stools. Blood analysis showed inflammation (C-reactive protein of 160 mg/L, reference &lt;5 mg/L) and a normal complete blood count. Faecal culture showed no pathogens. The patient was treated with a three-day course of azithromycin 500 mg daily without improvement. Subsequently, a colonoscopy was performed, which showed no macroscopical abnorma-lities. Randomly taken biopsies revealed a thin blue fringe on the colonic epithelium (Figure 1).
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