Academic literature on the topic 'Blue sharks'
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Journal articles on the topic "Blue sharks"
1
Campana, Steven E., Linda Marks, Warren Joyce, and Nancy E. Kohler. "Effects of recreational and commercial fishing on blue sharks (Prionace glauca) in Atlantic Canada, with inferences on the North Atlantic population." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 670–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-251.
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The nominal catch of blue sharks (Prionace glauca) reported for the Canadian Atlantic grossly underestimates the annual catch mortality of about 1000 tonnes (t), making blue sharks the most frequently caught large shark in Canadian waters. Although blue sharks accounted for 99% of all sharks landed at recreational shark fishing tournaments, tournament catches accounted for only 3% of total fishing mortality. Standardized catch rate indices suggested a decline in blue shark abundance of about 5%6%·year1 since 1995. An increased mortality rate in recent years was suggested by a decline in the median size of blue sharks in the commercial catch. Two independent calculations suggest that North Atlantic catches exceeded 100 000 t, with catch mortalities ranging between 26 000 and 37 000 t. Because tagging studies indicated that blue sharks are highly migratory with a single population in the North Atlantic, the Canadian contribution to overall population mortality accounts for only 2% of the total. The fact that blue shark populations are relatively productive and resilient may help explain their persistence in the face of high international catch mortality and a decline in relative abundance.
2
Estrada, James A., Aaron N. Rice, Molly E. Lutcavage, and Gregory B. Skomal. "Predicting trophic position in sharks of the north-west Atlantic Ocean using stable isotope analysis." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 83, no. 6 (December 2003): 1347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315403008798.
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Trophic positions (TP) were estimated for the blue shark (Prionace glauca), shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus), thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus), and basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) using stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N). The basking shark had the lowest TP (3·1) and δ15N value (10·4‰), whereas the thresher shark had the highest values (4·5, 15·2‰). Mako sharks showed considerable variation in TP and isotopic values, possibly due to foraging from both inshore and offshore waters. Thresher sharks were significantly more enriched in δ15N than blue sharks and mako sharks, suggesting a different prey base. The δ13C values of thresher sharks and mako sharks varied significantly, but neither was significantly different from that of blue sharks. No statistical differences were found between our TP estimations and those derived from published stomach contents analyses, indicating that stable isotope data may be used to estimate the trophic status of sharks.
3
Rochman, Fathur, Gussasta Levi Arnenda, Arief Wujdi, and Roy Kurniawan. "Vertical distribution of blue Shark (Prionace glauca) in The Indian Ocean." E3S Web of Conferences 322 (2021): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132201009.
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Each fish species tends to choose a suitable environment suitable for its survival and reproduction horizontally and vertically. Blue shark (Prionace glauca) is the dominant catch of pelagic sharks by-catch in the Eastern Indian Ocean longline tuna fishery, with about 70% of the total sharks caught in this fisheries. This study aims to provide the information and the vertical analysis distribution of blue sharks based on temperature and depth in the Indian Ocean. The scientific observer collected 2,951 set-by-set longline fishing data based on Research Institute For Tuna Fisheries (RITF) from January 2006 to December 2018, on which the present analysis was made. The mini logger was used to measure the vertical distribution of blue sharks in the longline fisheries. This result indicated that blue shark was caught between 75.18-445.46 m depth, with 84% of which live at thermocline area (70-300 m depth), and 16% lived in underlayer area (>300 m depth). Blue sharks distributed in the underlayer area have a larger body size than those in the thermocline area with a size >180 cmFL compared to 50-170 cmFL in the thermocline area.
4
Wells, R. J. David, Natalie Spear, and Suzanne Kohin. "Age validation of the blue shark (Prionace glauca) in the eastern Pacific Ocean." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 6 (2017): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16054.
Full textAbstract:
The blue shark (Prionace glauca) is subjected to high levels of fishery catch and by-catch worldwide; thus, knowledge of their productivity and population status is vital, yet basic assumptions of band-pair deposition rates in vertebrae used for age and growth models are being made without direct validation studies in the Pacific Ocean. As such, the purpose of the present study was to validate vertebral band-deposition rates of blue sharks tagged and recaptured in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Vertebrae of 26 blue sharks marked with oxytetracycline (OTC) were obtained from tag–recapture activities to determine timing of centrum growth-band deposition. Results from band counts distal to the OTC mark on each vertebra indicated that a single band pair (1 translucent and 1 opaque) is formed per year for blue sharks ranging from 1 to 8 years of age. Length–frequency modal analysis was also used to obtain growth estimates from a dataset spanning 26 years of research and commercial catch data. Results provide support for annual band-pair deposition in blue shark vertebrae and will aid in future blue shark age and growth studies in the Pacific Ocean.
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Chodrijah, U., and R. Faizah. "Population parameter, size distribution and sex ratio of the blue shark (Prionace glauca Linnaeus, 1758) caught in the southern of Nusa Tenggara." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 890, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/890/1/012054.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The blue shark (Prionace glauca Linnaeus, 1758) was a targeted shark caught in the artisanal fisheries in Tanjung Luar, West Nusa Tenggara. This species was caught by drifting longline. The study aims to obtain the parameter population, size distribution and sex ratio of the blue shark from these waters. The research was conducted in Tanjung Luar during 2019-2020, and a total of 1676 blue sharks were caught by drift longline. The data were analyzed by using ELEFAN II. The size blue sharks varied from 73 cm to 397 cm total length (TL), with mean length was 266 cm for males and 72-390 cm with mean length 255,61 cm TL for females. Male was dominated sex ratio. The equation growth for blue shark for male was Lt = 400 (1 – e−0.28 (t-0.2921)) and female was Lt = 390 (1 – e−0.25 (t-0.3307)) . The first captured (Lc ) length for males and females are 267.76 cm and 250.98 cm, respectively. Natural mortality (M) = 0.42/year, the fishing mortality (F ) = 0.50/year. The exploitation rate was > 0.55/year it means that utilization rate of blue sharks in Southern of Nusa Tenggara waters was susceptible to overfishing. This condition needs good management actions for this species.
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Zhu, Jizhang, Zhe Geng, Jiangfeng Zhu, and Kindong Richard. "Reproductive Biology and Distribution of the Blue Shark (Prionace glauca) in the Western Indian Ocean." Biology 12, no. 8 (August 14, 2023): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12081128.
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Due to the limited biological research on the blue shark in the Indian Ocean, such as the lack of a clear understanding of its reproductive biology and distribution, our study analyzed and evaluated the fork length distribution, sexual maturity length, reproductive capacity, and spatiotemporal distribution of blue sharks based on biological data and capture location information collected in the western Indian Ocean from 2010 to 2020. The objective of this study is to provide reliable biological information important in performing future stock assessments vital for species conservation in this region. A total of 791 male (33–249.5 cm FL) and 803 female (12–349.6 cm FL) blue sharks were collected in the West Indian Ocean. We used the morphology of the sexual organs to ascertain their sexual maturity. Results show that the observed size at 50% sexual maturity of male blue sharks in the West Indian Ocean was 161.4cm FL (192.4 cm TL) for males and 179.3 cm FL (213.9 cm TL) for females based on logistic curve analysis. The average litter size of pregnant blue sharks was 33.7 pups. There were significant differences in the distribution of blue shark individuals with different sexual maturity levels in different quarters (p < 0.05). This study suggests that the area near the equator in the Indian Ocean from October to March of the following year may be the mating ground for blue sharks, while the temperate waters in the Indian Ocean are the nursery ground and parturition ground for pregnant and juvenile throughout the whole year. Therefore, it is recommended to adopt a more scientific and reasonable operational method in these areas.
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Francis, Malcolm P. "New Zealand shark fisheries: development, size and management." Marine and Freshwater Research 49, no. 7 (1998): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf97076.
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New Zealand’s shark fisheries have increased steadily since 1975 to reach 17 000–19 000 t per year. Commercial fisheries catch mainly spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), school shark (Galeorhinus galeus), skates (Raja nasuta and R. innominata), ghost sharks (Hydrolagus novaezealandiae and Hydrolagus sp.), rig (Mustelus lenticulatus) and elephantfish (Callorhinchus milii). School shark, rig and elephantfish fisheries have long histories, and catches are limited by Individual Transferable Quotas. Fisheries for spiny dogfish, skates and ghost sharks have only developed since 1979. Spiny dogfish and skate landings are partially regulated by total quotas. Other sharks are prohibited target species. Blue (Prionace glauca), porbeagle (Lamna nasus) and mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) sharks are taken as by-catch of the tuna longline fishery. There is a small recreational catch of spiny dogfish, school shark, rig, mako shark and blue shark. Historically important Maori fisheries for spiny dogfish, school shark and rig are now minor. A beach netting programme has operated off Dunedin beaches since 1969 to protect swimmers from shark attacks. Fisheries management measures include commercial quotas, prohibitions on target fishing many species, recreational bag limits, limits on set-net length, mesh size and soak time, and closure of many inshore waters to set-netting, trawling and Danish seining.
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Varghese, Sijo P., N. Unnikrishnan, Deepak K. Gulati, and A. E. Ayoob. "Size, sex and reproductive biology of seven pelagic sharks in the eastern Arabian Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97, no. 1 (March 9, 2016): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315416000217.
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Studies on reproduction in sharks are important for their management, since the attainment of sexual maturity has a substantial impact on their distribution, behaviour and biology. However, reproductive biology of large oceanic sharks is poorly studied in the Indian seas. In this study, the size structure, sex and maturity of pelagic thresher (Alopias pelagicus), bigeye thresher (A. superciliosus), oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus), tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier), shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus), longfin mako (I. paucus) and blue shark (Prionace glauca) in the eastern Arabian Sea are described based on 1449 specimens collected from gillnet-cum-longline landings at the Cochin fisheries harbour during 2013–2014. Sex ratios of sampled specimens were biased to males in pelagic thresher, bigeye thresher, tiger shark and blue shark, while females dominated in the specimens of oceanic whitetip shark. Females matured at greater lengths than males in all species except oceanic whitetip shark. Lengths at maturity for males were in the range of 189.05–286.56 cm, whereas those of females were in the range of 187.74–310.69 cm. Litter sizes of both the thresher shark species were always two, while in oceanic whitetip shark, litter size was 3–9 and 22–51 in tiger shark. Seasonal reproduction was noticed in oceanic whitetip shark and tiger shark. Pregnant females were not found in the blue shark, shortfin and longfin makos sampled during the study period. Reproductive aspects of pelagic thresher, bigeye thresher, oceanic whitetip shark, tiger shark, shortfin mako, longfin mako and blue sharks in the eastern Arabian Sea are generally consistent with earlier reports from other regions of the world's oceans. These preliminary findings should be useful to identify suitable management measures for the above shark species.
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Pepperell, JG. "Trends in the distribution, species composition and size of sharks caught by Gamefish Anglers off South-eastern Australia, 1961-90." Marine and Freshwater Research 43, no. 1 (1992): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9920213.
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Records of shark captures were extracted from the archives of 10 of the major New South Wales gamefishing clubs that operate from ports located between latitudes 33�s and 37�s. Although organized game fishing began off eastern Australia in 1936, the majority of catches were made after 1960. Data normally recorded by these clubs included common name of shark, whole weight, locality of capture, boat name and angler. Recognized single species of sharks recorded by these clubs were blue (Prionace glauca), tiger (Galeocerdo cuvier), white (Carcharodon carcharias), shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) and grey nurse (Carcharias taurus). Species identified only to generic level, and recorded by clubs, were whalers or requiem sharks (Carcharhinus spp.), hammerheads (Sphyrna spp.) and threshers (Alopias spp.). Analysis of catch records indicated that the mako shark was the most common species caught overall, although whaler sharks dominated the catch in the northern part of the study area and hammerhead sharks dominated the catch in the south. Grey nurse and white sharks were relatively rare in the southern part of the study area. Whaler sharks dominated the catch in the 1960s, and the proportions of blue and tiger sharks in the catch increased in the 1980s. Size ranges and distributions of some species also varied through time and by area. Some of the observed changes could be attributed to changed fishing practices, particularly the increasing popularity of tag-and-release and an increasing tendency to fish further from the coast. A marked decline in the number and proportion of white sharks in the catch since the 1970s gives cause for some concern regarding the status of that species off south-eastern Australia.
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Jordaan, Gareth L., Jorge Santos, and Johan C. Groeneveld. "Effects of inconsistent reporting, regulation changes and market demand on abundance indices of sharks caught by pelagic longliners off southern Africa." PeerJ 6 (October 24, 2018): e5726. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5726.
Full textAbstract:
The assumption of a proportional relationship between catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) and the abundance of sharks caught by pelagic longliners is tenuous when based on fisher logbooks that report only retained specimens. Nevertheless, commercial logbooks and landings statistics are often the only data available for stock status assessments. Logbook data collected from local and foreign pelagic longline vessels operating in four areas off southern Africa between 2000 and 2015 were used to construct standardized CPUE indices for blue sharks Prionace glauca and shortfin makos Isurus oxyrinchus. Generalized linear mixed models were used to explore the effects of year, month, vessel, fleet and presence of an observer on blue shark and shortfin mako variability. Landing statistics and auxiliary information on the history of the fishery, regulation changes, and market factors were superimposed on the CPUE indices, to test hypotheses that they would influence CPUE trends. Indices in the West and Southwest (Atlantic) areas were elevated for both species, compared to the South and East (Indian Ocean). The scale of year-on-year CPUE increments, up to an order of magnitude for blue sharks, reflected occasional targeting and retention, interspersed with periods where blue sharks were not caught, or discarded and not reported. Increments were smaller for higher value shortfin makos, suggesting that indices were less affected by unreported discarding. CPUE indices and landings of both shark species have increased in recent years, suggesting increased importance as target species. Analysis of logbook data resulted in unreliable indicators of shark abundance, but when trends were interpreted in conjunction with landings data, disaggregated by area and month, and with hindsight of market demand and regulation changes, anomalies could be explained.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Blue sharks"
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Queiroz, Nuno. "Diving behaviour, movement patterns and population structure of blue sharks, Prionace glauca (L. 1758) in the North-east Atlantic." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=158318.
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This project provided an exceptional opportunity to describe diving behaviour, movements and to characterise critical habitats of blue sharks in the North-eastern Atlantic using satellite and archival telemetry. Tracked blue sharks displayed southward movements away from the tagging areas, exhibiting pronounced site fidelity to localised high-productivity frontal regions. Blue sharks also displayed a high degree of variability in vertical movements. Shifts in diving behaviour were detected both within and between individuals, whereas behavioural phases were linked to the thermal structure of the water column in coastal areas, and to changes in prey distribution or type in offshore regions. High resolution data showed that blue sharks shift between Brownian (in productive habitats) and Lévy (less productive waters) behaviours. Vertical movements ranged from the surface to 1160 m, and water temperatures varied between 7.2-27.2°C. Behavioural data was also crucial in determining the degree of spatial and temporal overlap, and thus vulnerability, between blue sharks and high-seas longliners. Confirmed fishing mortality was ~11% with four tagged sharks caught by surface longliners. Simulations showed that boats/sharks overlap was higher in winter and early spring, with the majority of simulated sharks (~88%) at risk at least one day year-1. Our results indicate that, depending on which geographical regions are occupied at specific times, different segments of the blue shark population face differential risk from longlines. Sequencing of mitochondrial DNA suggested an absence of spatial genetic differentiation throughout the North Atlantic, providing strong evidence that blue sharks comprise a single population in this region.
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Peyton, Amanda, and mandypeyton@yahoo com. "Different shades of blue individuation and depression." Swinburne University of Technology, 2004. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060412.152618.
Full textAbstract:
Depression is uniformly identified as psychopathology by diagnostic
systems such as the DSM-IV-TR and the ICD-10 and is viewed as a negatively
biased perception by cognitive theories. However, a number of psychological
and spiritual perspectives propose that the experience of depression may have
positive outcomes for some individuals in the form of psychological growth and
individuation, including theories from within the psychodynamic and humanistic
traditions. These perspectives informed the formulation of the individuation theory
of depression explored in this thesis. One empirically based perspective from
which growth is considered as a potential outcome of depression, is that of
depressive realism. This psychological stance of diminished self-deception in
depressed individuals compared with non-depressed individuals is viewed as an
opportunity for new levels of self-awareness and growth. The newly burgeoning
field of posttraumatic growth research provides another empirical model from
which the individuation theory of depression is explored in this thesis.
The current research examined the relationships among depression, selfdeception
and psychological growth in two studies. The first study used selfreport
methodology, incorporating measures of prior and current depression, selfdeception
(in the form of denial and positive illusions) and psychological growth
(in the form of self-actualisation, adversarial growth and level of egodevelopment).
The sample consisted of 132 women and 58 men (M=36 years,
SD=14.4) who were divided into previously depressed (n=51), currently
depressed (n=45), and never depressed (n=87) groups. The hypotheses
regarding the individuation theory of depressive realism were partially supported
by the enduring nature of diminished denial and a greater sense of positive personal change as sequelae of depression. Results suggest that the patterns of
negative thinking and diminished use of positive illusions that are typically found
in depressed individuals, subside after recovery from depression, but that the
diminished use of denial endures. Also as predicted, a sense of positive personal
change was significantly greater in the previously depressed group as compared
with the never depressed group, particularly in the forms of personal strength and
appreciation of life. Self-actualisation scores, however, were similar between the
two groups. Contrary to expectations, no sex differences were evident for either
the self-deception or the growth variables. Self-actualisation was significantly
higher at the highest levels of ego development compared with the lowest as
expected, yet levels of growth and self-deception were not significantly different
between the levels of ego development. Preliminary analysis of qualitative data
derived from responses to open-ended questions about change as a result of
depression, reflected predominately positive themes of adversarial growth and
benefit from the experience, especially in those of high ego-development. This
formed the basis for the focus of the second study, which was an in-depth
qualitative investigation.
The second study examined the individuation theory of depression further
via interviews with 10 women and 6 men of high ego development who had
experienced a significant depression in their lives. After describing their
experiences of depression, the respondents were asked to elaborate upon the
ways in which they felt they had been changed by their depression. Themes were
overwhelmingly positive and the most commonly reported responses were those
of a changed perception of self through a newfound inner strength, greater selfworth
and self-acceptance. Enhanced empathy and compassion were also reported, as were changed priorities and a greater appreciation of life, especially
in aspects of simplicity. Recognition of choices and acceptance of personal
responsibility for the choices made were prominent themes in some accounts,
and a number of interviewees reported the need to revise their approach to
spirituality. Although less prominent in their accounts, negative changes included
an increased sense of vulnerability and sensitivity as a mixed blessing, and the
need for ongoing management of the risk factors for depression in their lifestyle.
Some degree of cynicism about aspects of life was evident in a few respondents.
Paradoxes emerged in the interviewees� material congruent with high levels of
ego development. For example, some individuals� accounts included perceptions
of increased strength in parallel with awareness of greater degrees of
vulnerability.
Results from the two studies provide plausible evidence for the notion that
growth is not only possible, but is also a commonly experienced outcome of
depression, especially in those at higher levels of ego development. The salutary
nature of depression is discussed in relation to the theories presented and an
argument is made for a more developmentally defined and differentiated
understanding of depressive experience than cognitive definitions and
pathological labels generally afford. Suggestions are made for directions for
further research into the individuation theory of depression, including deepening
our understanding of the potential for growth as a result of depression at other
levels of ego-development.
3
Fitzpatrick, S. F. "Global population genetic structure of the pelagic blue shark (Prionace glauca)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557408.
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The blue shark, Prionace glauca, a large oceanic/pelagic predator with a continuous circumglobal distribution in temperate and tropical waters, is the most abundant and widespread of all extant shark species. They are heavily exploited in targeted and incidental fisheries worldwide. Concerns have been raised over the sustainability of such exploitation as severe declines in numbers have been recently observed. Sound management of any exploited fishery requires a proper understanding of the population sub structuring and basic breeding biology of the species involved. This is lacking for this ecological and economically important inhabitant of the open seas. In this study, we have developed nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial (mtDNA) molecular markers for blue sharks. These were used in an assessment of the global population genetic structure of the species involving over 900 specimens sampled over its distribution range. Based on micro satellite data and 21 blue shark litters (N = 578 embryos), we have characterised the mating system ofthe species. Results from the analyses of microsatellite (16 loci) and mtDNA sequence (3,1 07bp) data indicate the presence of multiple stocks on a global scale (i.e. genetic substructuring). These genetic stocks were defined by major oceanic regions, thus confirming earlier physical tagging studies, which suggest that the equator acts as a barrier to dispersal between northern and southern oceans. Analysis of data comprising 32 complete mtDNA genomes, representing the distribution range species, provides new insights into the evolutionary history of blue sharks. Microsatellite DNA profiling of blue shark litters revealed a high incidence of polyandry (80.0%) in the species. Females of multiply sired litters were larger than those of single paternity litters. Furthermore, females demonstrated a tendency to have litters sired by more males as they became older and larger. Results are discussed in light of the high energetic cost associated with the aggressive nature of copulations.
4
Quesada, Ruben. "Shades of Brown and Blue| Understanding Latino Police Officers." Thesis, Grand Canyon University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10608510.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of what it means to be a Latino police officer within the theoretical foundation of the Latino Critical Theory (LatCrit). The research questions focused on how Latino police officers lived experiences influence their ability to maintain ethnic self-identity and assimilate into the police organizational culture. This study examined Latino police officers who have an intersectional status when their identity as an ethnic minority is in competition with their professional identity status as a police officer. The study was composed of Latino police officers who shared a common connection in the use of the Spanish language. The researcher used a convenience sampling strategy based on current or past membership within the Arizona National Latino Police Officer Association (AzNLPOA) who represented various police agencies in the Phoenix, Arizona Metropolitan area. In person, semistructured, open-ended interviews served as the data collection instrument, while a modified van Kaam phenomenological approach was used to analyze the transcripts. Results indicate that the police organizational culture was the most influential factor in what it means to be a Latino police officer, but challenged the beliefs that the police organizational culture will eventually strip away the racial identity of an individual. For these Latino police officers, the use of the Spanish language caused them to maintain a heightened sense of awareness of their Latino ethnic self-identity, yet allowed them to succeed and thrive within the police organizational culture and the Hispanic or Spanish speaking community.
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McMillan, Heather Anne. "MHC, parasite burden and heterozygosity in the blue shark (Prionace glauca, L.1758)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=205227.
Full textAbstract:
The blue shark (Prionace glauca) is a highly migratory pelagic elasmobranch that inhabits ocean basins globally. As a result, this shark is exposed to intensive ocean exploitation by commercial target fisheries, by-catch and for recreational pursuits globally. This top predator is therefore at high risk of becoming overfished. Advances to current knowledge of genetic population structure and diversity of this species would provide vital information required to initiate co-operative management approaches. In this study, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IIa and IIβ genes were successfully isolated and characterised from blue sharks. Phylogenetic trees of the class II genes showed three major clades; one of teleost fish, one of tetrapods and one of sharks. The MHC class IIβ gene exon 2 primers successfully amplified partial sequences in blue sharks from several global locations. Analysis of sequences using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) suggested the assay resolved different sequences up to one basepair, making the assay potentially very useful with further development. The class II genes presented in this study show conflicting evidence for the presence of more than one class II locus. To explore inheritance patterns of MHC exon 2 diversity, a single blue shark litter (mother + 19 pups) was cloned and sequenced, revealing evidence to suggest the possibility of more than one locus for class IIβ. Statistical analysis of parasite loads and diversities from blue shark spiral valves revealed no definitive population structure, supporting global and North Atlantic mtDNA and microsatellites genetic analyses presented here. The size (fork length) of sharks was found to be potentially influential when modelled with individual microsatellite heterozygosity and fork length. International co-operation will be required to prevent this species becoming extinct from global marine ecosystems. Reductions in numbers could lead to reduced genetic diversity, decreased immunity and ultimately an 'unhealthy' population.
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Teixeira, Aline Freire [UNESP]. "Análise da variabilidade e estruturação genética do tubarão azul, Prionace glauca (Chondrichthyes, Carcharhinidae) no Oceano Atlântico Sul Ocidental utilizando marcador molecular do DNA mitocondrial." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99426.
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O tubarão azul, Prionace glauca, é considerado a espécie de elasmobrânquio encontrada em maior abundância, com ampla distribuição geográfica, alta taxa de natalidade e de rápido crescimento. Entretanto, também é a espécie mais explorada na pesca oceânica em nível mundial, o que tem levado a desequilíbrios estruturais das populações e aumentado as possibilidades de risco para a espécie. Em avaliações sobre o estado de conservação da espécie, realizadas no Brasil e também de maneira global, P. glauca foi classificada como “quase ameaçada”. Para o setor pesqueiro, a identificação de estoques diferenciados constitui informação fundamental pela sua relação direta com a produtividade total e uso sustentável dos recursos. A diferença nas freqüências de haplótipos de DNA entre amostras geográficas pode ser usada para estimar indiretamente padrões de diferenciação e de fluxo gênico e, portanto, a estrutura genética das amostras. Este trabalho utilizou amostras de tecidos musculares e epiteliais de tubarões azuis capturados pela frota pesqueira brasileira no Rio Grande do Sul (n = 38), São Paulo (n = 28) e Rio Grande do Norte (n = 31). Os níveis de variabilidade e estruturação genética nas regiões amostradas foram determinados a partir do sequenciamento da região controle do DNA mitocondrial (D-loop). Para P. glauca, este marcador apresentou 16 sítios polimórficos e 32 haplótipos. Os valores encontrados para diversidade haplotípica e nucleotídica foram, respectivamente, Hd =0,89±0,020 e π=0,00258±0,00013. O teste AMOVA detectou uma moderada estruturação populacional entre as regiões amostradas, com o maior valor de Fst = 0,103. Assim, considera-se para os efeitos de manejo pesqueiro, um único estoque da espécie na costa brasileira. Os níveis de estruturação genética demonstrados...
The blue shark, Prionace glauca, is the most abundant elasmobranch, with widest distribution, high birth rates and faster growth. However, it is also the most exploited species in the ocean fisheries worldwide, which has led to structural imbalances of their population and increased potential risk to the specie. In assessments of the state of conservation of the species, carried out in Brazil and globally, P. glauca was classified as near threatened according to IUCN categories. In fisheries, the stock identification are considered very important information due the direct relation with the total productivity and sustainable use of resources. The difference in the frequencies of haplotypes of DNA among geographic samples can be used to indirectly estimate patterns of differentiation and gene flow and thus the genetic structure of stocks. In the present study samples of muscle and epithelial tissues of blue sharks caught by the fishing fleet in Rio Grande do Sul (n = 38), São Paulo (n = 28) and Rio Grande do Norte (n = 31) estates were used. The levels of variability and genetic structure of the sampled regions were determined from the sequencing of mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop). The use of this marker in P. glauca resulted in 16 polymorphic sites and 32 haplotypes. The nucleotide and haplotype diversity was, respectively, Hd = 0.89 ± 0.020 and π = 0.00258 ± 0.00013. The AMOVA test detected a moderate population subdivision among the sampled regions, with highest value of Fst = 0,103. Similarly, it is considered for the effects of fisheries management, a single stock in the Brazilian coast. The levels of genetic structure demonstrated in the present study, combined with data from fisheries exploitation of the blue shark, indicate the need for greater attention to the preservation of the species in Brazil... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Teixeira, Aline Freire. "Análise da variabilidade e estruturação genética do tubarão azul, Prionace glauca (Chondrichthyes, Carcharhinidae) no Oceano Atlântico Sul Ocidental utilizando marcador molecular do DNA mitocondrial /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99426.
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Orientador: Fausto ForestiCoorientador: Otto Bismarck Gadig
Banca: Paulo Guilherme Vasconcelos de Oliveira
Banca: Claudio Oliveira
Resumo: O tubarão azul, Prionace glauca, é considerado a espécie de elasmobrânquio encontrada em maior abundância, com ampla distribuição geográfica, alta taxa de natalidade e de rápido crescimento. Entretanto, também é a espécie mais explorada na pesca oceânica em nível mundial, o que tem levado a desequilíbrios estruturais das populações e aumentado as possibilidades de risco para a espécie. Em avaliações sobre o estado de conservação da espécie, realizadas no Brasil e também de maneira global, P. glauca foi classificada como "quase ameaçada". Para o setor pesqueiro, a identificação de estoques diferenciados constitui informação fundamental pela sua relação direta com a produtividade total e uso sustentável dos recursos. A diferença nas freqüências de haplótipos de DNA entre amostras geográficas pode ser usada para estimar indiretamente padrões de diferenciação e de fluxo gênico e, portanto, a estrutura genética das amostras. Este trabalho utilizou amostras de tecidos musculares e epiteliais de tubarões azuis capturados pela frota pesqueira brasileira no Rio Grande do Sul (n = 38), São Paulo (n = 28) e Rio Grande do Norte (n = 31). Os níveis de variabilidade e estruturação genética nas regiões amostradas foram determinados a partir do sequenciamento da região controle do DNA mitocondrial (D-loop). Para P. glauca, este marcador apresentou 16 sítios polimórficos e 32 haplótipos. Os valores encontrados para diversidade haplotípica e nucleotídica foram, respectivamente, Hd =0,89±0,020 e π=0,00258±0,00013. O teste AMOVA detectou uma moderada estruturação populacional entre as regiões amostradas, com o maior valor de Fst = 0,103. Assim, considera-se para os efeitos de manejo pesqueiro, um único estoque da espécie na costa brasileira. Os níveis de estruturação genética demonstrados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The blue shark, Prionace glauca, is the most abundant elasmobranch, with widest distribution, high birth rates and faster growth. However, it is also the most exploited species in the ocean fisheries worldwide, which has led to structural imbalances of their population and increased potential risk to the specie. In assessments of the state of conservation of the species, carried out in Brazil and globally, P. glauca was classified as "near threatened" according to IUCN categories. In fisheries, the stock identification are considered very important information due the direct relation with the total productivity and sustainable use of resources. The difference in the frequencies of haplotypes of DNA among geographic samples can be used to indirectly estimate patterns of differentiation and gene flow and thus the genetic structure of stocks. In the present study samples of muscle and epithelial tissues of blue sharks caught by the fishing fleet in Rio Grande do Sul (n = 38), São Paulo (n = 28) and Rio Grande do Norte (n = 31) estates were used. The levels of variability and genetic structure of the sampled regions were determined from the sequencing of mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop). The use of this marker in P. glauca resulted in 16 polymorphic sites and 32 haplotypes. The nucleotide and haplotype diversity was, respectively, Hd = 0.89 ± 0.020 and π = 0.00258 ± 0.00013. The AMOVA test detected a moderate population subdivision among the sampled regions, with highest value of Fst = 0,103. Similarly, it is considered for the effects of fisheries management, a single stock in the Brazilian coast. The levels of genetic structure demonstrated in the present study, combined with data from fisheries exploitation of the blue shark, indicate the need for greater attention to the preservation of the species in Brazil... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Urso, Ilenia. "First assessment on genetic structure and phylogeography of Mediterranean blue shark (prionace glauca, L. 1758) population using mitochondrial gene variation: a comparison with the Atlantic." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9765/.
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The blue shark, Prionace glauca, is one of the most vagile shark species worldwide distributed. The particular body shape allows blue sharks make transoceanic movements, leading to a circumglobal distribution. Due to its reproductive cycle, an extraordinarily high number of specimens is globally registered but, even if it is still a major bycatch of longline fishery rather than a commercial target, it is characterized by a high vulnerability. In this perspective it is important to increase the amount of informations regarding its population extent in the different worldwide areas, evaluating the possible phylogeographic patterns between different locations. This study, included in the "MedBlueSGen" European project, aims exactly at filling a gap in knowledges regarding the genetic population structure of the Mediterranean blue sharks, which has never been investigated before, with a comparison with the North-Eastern Atlantic blue shark population. To reach this objective, we used a dataset of samples from different Mediterranean areas implementing it with some samples from North-Eastern Atlantic. Analyzing the variability of the two mitochondrial markers control region and cytochrome b, with the design of new species-specific primer pairs, we assessed the mitochondrial genetic structure of Mediterranean and North-Eastern Atlantic samples, focusing on the analysis of their possible connectivity, and we tried to reconstruct their demographic history and population size. Data analyses highlighted the absence of a genetic structuring within the Mediterranean and among it and North-Eastern Atlantic, suggesting that the Strait of Gibraltar doesn't represent a phylogeographic barrier. These results are coherent to what has been found in similar investigations on other worldwide blue shark populations. Analysis of the historical demographic trend revealed a general stable pattern for the cytochrome-b and a slightly population expansion for the control region marker.
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Matos, Joana Patrícia da Silva. "Influência da bioacessibilidade do selénio, mercúrio e metilmercúrio na identificação do benefício/perigo associado ao consumo de Tintureira crua e cozinhada." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8244.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Qualidade e Segurança Alimentar - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThis study aimed to identify the hazard associated with raw a cooked blue shark consumption given the bioaccessibility of Se, Hg and MeHg, using in vitro digestion method. After culinary treatments was verify an increase of Se, Hg and MeHg content, where in grilled blue shark was the one displaying highest values. The results of the bioaccessibility assessment of Se, Hg and MeHg in raw and cooked blue shark showed that Se bioaccessibility was higher than 83% (grilling treatment), but for Hg and MeHg showed a lower bioaccessibility, namely on grilled blue shark, which was the one displaying lowest values of 52 and 53%, respectively. A hazard assessment of raw and cooked blue shark consumption on the basis of the MeHg content on initial sample and after human digestion simulation was carried out. Considering an adult with 60 kg and infant 20 kg body weight, showed that all samples analysed exceeded the PTWI and TWI ratios established by FAO/WHO and EFSA, respectively. However, all Se-Heath Beneficial Values were negative, thus meaning a high MeHg health risk in the consumption of this species
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Coelho, Rui Pedro Andrade. "Modelling catch and mortality rates of blue shark captured by the portugueses longline fleet in the Atlantic Ocean." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16286.
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A tintureira (Prionace glauca) é um tubarão pelágico relativamente abundante e
frequentemente capturado como espécie acessória em pescarias de palangre de
superfície. Apesar dos parâmetros biológicos terem já sido relativamente bem
estudados, os impactos das pescarias nestas populações são ainda bastante incertos.
Assim, o presente estudo pretendeu criar e apresentar modelos para melhor avaliar os
impactos da pescaria Portuguesa de palangre de superfície dirigida ao espadarte nas
populações de tintureira. Especificamente, o trabalho apresenta modelos relativos à
mortalidade durante a operação de pesca utilizando modelos binomiais, recorrendo a
abordagens com modelos lineares generalizados e equações de estimação generalizadas;
e modelos relativos às taxas de captura usando modelos lineares generalizados e
modelos mistos generalizados. Os resultados apresentados podem agora ser usados para
prever as taxas de captura e de mortalidade da tintureira em diferentes cenários de
pesca, contribuindo assim para uma melhor compreensão dos impactos desta pescaria
nesta espécie; ABSTRACT: The blue shark (Prionace glauca) is a relatively abundant and wide ranging pelagic
shark, commonly captured as bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries. While it is a species
with relatively known biological parameters, the impacts of the fisheries in their
populations is still largely unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to create and
present models for understanding the impacts of the Portuguese pelagic longline fishery
targeting swordfish, in this shark species. Specifically, the work focused on modeling
two different fisheries aspects, namely the at-haulback mortality using binomial models
with generalized linear models and generalized estimation equations; and the catch rates
using generalized linear models and generalized mixed models. The results presented
can now be used to predict the catch and mortality rates under various fishing scenarios,
and contribute to a better understanding of the impacts of the fishery in this shark
species.
Books on the topic "Blue sharks"
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Scharold, Jill V. Swimming behavior and energetics of sharks. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1989.
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Benchley, Peter. Three Complete Novels: Jaws / Beast / The Girl of the Sea of Cortez. New York: Wings Books, 1994.
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Benchley, Peter. Jaws: A Novel. New York, USA: Ballantine Books Trade Paperbacks, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Blue sharks"
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Joshima, Hiroki, Chika Namaizawa, Tadashi Miyazaki, Daisuke Shiode, Jiro Yoshida, and Masao Nemoto. "Fisheries Biology of Blue Sharks in Sagami Bay, Japan." In Evolution of Marine Coastal Ecosystems under the Pressure of Global Changes, 193–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43484-7_14.
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Poisson, F., Y. Mitsunaga, T. Kojima, S. Torisawa, B. Séret, H. Demarcq, A. Banègue, and J. M. Groul. "Satellite Tagging of Blue Sharks (Prionace glauca) in the Gulf of Lions: Depth Behaviour, Temperature Experience and Movements – Preliminary Results." In Marine Productivity: Perturbations and Resilience of Socio-ecosystems, 367–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13878-7_41.
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Sheikh, Rizwan Amin. "Ten Strategies of Leading High-Performance Teams during a Crisis." In Blue Shark Team-Building, 37–62. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003216711-4.
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Sheikh, Rizwan Amin. "Change Management, EQ, and DQ." In Blue Shark Team-Building, 167–74. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003216711-13.
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Sheikh, Rizwan Amin. "Creating an Enabling Environment and IT Infrastructure during a Crisis." In Blue Shark Team-Building, 89–106. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003216711-6.
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Sheikh, Rizwan Amin. "Who's Who on the Project." In Blue Shark Team-Building, 149–56. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003216711-11.
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Sheikh, Rizwan Amin. "Project Management Methodology, Tools, Techniques, and Processes." In Blue Shark Team-Building, 175–88. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003216711-14.
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Sheikh, Rizwan Amin. "Project Governance, Monitoring, Control, and Evaluation." In Blue Shark Team-Building, 189–206. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003216711-15.
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Sheikh, Rizwan Amin. "Introduction." In Blue Shark Team-Building, 3–14. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003216711-2.
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Sheikh, Rizwan Amin. "Organizational Challenges and Team Dynamics." In Blue Shark Team-Building, 157–66. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003216711-12.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Blue sharks"
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Hinrichs, Theda, Marilena Donnaloia, Walter Zupa, Giulia Prato, Simone Niedermuller, Pierluigi Carbonara, and Uwe Krumme. "Size and season matters: diel vertical movement of blue sharks in the southern Adriatic Sea." In 2021 International Workshop on Metrology for the Sea; Learning to Measure Sea Health Parameters (MetroSea). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metrosea52177.2021.9611630.
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Pichler, Marin, Jainbing Qi, William C. Stwalley, Robert Beuc, and Goran Pichler. "Blue Satellite Bands and Photoassociation Spectra of Ultracold Cesium." In SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES: 18th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2402766.
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Vartanyan, T. A., D. Bloch, and M. Ducloy. "Blue shift paradox in selective reflection." In Proceedings of the 12th International conference on spectral line shapes. AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.47505.
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Presmyk, Les. "50 Shades of Blue - Arizona Style." In 36th Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium. Socorro, NM: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.58799/nmms-2015.512.
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Gruber, D., L. Windholz, X. Li, M. Gleichmann, and B. Heβ. "Theoretical and experimental studies of the LiHg-blue green bands." In Proceedings of the 12th International conference on spectral line shapes. AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.47488.
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Ban, T. "Strange long-range satellite bands in the blue wing of Cs 455 nm line." In The 15th international conference on spectral line shapes. AIP, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1370650.
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Castro, Vitor. "SHADES OF RED AND BLUE: POLITICAL IDEOLOGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." In 23rd International Academic Conference, Venice. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2016.023.022.
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Skenderović, H. "Triplet satellite bands of KRb molecule in the far blue wings of K and Rb resonance lines." In The 15th international conference on spectral line shapes. AIP, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1370651.
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Pskhu, R. V., P. M. Barmina, E. Yu Lotova, and Z. V. Murga. "BEAUTY IN COLOR: BLUE ON RAFFAELLO�S CANVASES." In 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on ART and HUMANITIES - ISCAH 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscah.2023/fs03.04.
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Color has always been an important component of a person's perception of the overall picture � this applies to art, religion, and individual worldviews. In different epochs and cultures, different, but always important meanings were conveyed with color, certain colors were associated with what was most significant and valuable for a people or a representative of a religious tradition. The blue color is exceptional in this sense � for a long time it was not paid attention at all, but once appearing on the canvases of Renaissance artists, it spread its influence on the culture, art, and social life of Europe. In this study, we will determine the significance of the blue color in various world cultures that preceded the Renaissance, to make sure that it reaches its culmination point at this time. We pay special attention to the great Italian painter and architect Raffaello Santi, whose works have become synonymous with beauty, harmony, grace, and perfection in art. In the colors of Raffaello, stories, feelings, relationships of characters are hidden, they contain the secret of harmony, sublimity, and uniqueness of his canvases. This work offers a look at Raffaello�s work through these paints, their colors, and shades, which, combined with the unique style and innate talent of the artist, have become the embodiment of the image of beauty that all philosophers have been talking about for many thousands of years.
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Schimek, Sebastian, Panagiotis Stathopoulos, Tom Tanneberger, and Christian Oliver Paschereit. "Blue Combustion: Stoichiometric Hydrogen-Oxygen Combustion Under Humidified Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43149.
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The use of renewable energy sources raises the demand of fast and flexible storage techniques and fast power availability to ensure electrical grid stability. A promising storage approach is the production of hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis. The possibility of using a completely closed cycle of water, hydrogen and oxygen promises an attractive approach for high efficiency, zero emission energy storage. Since electrolysis can be carried out under high pressure, the compressor part of the gas turbine would be unnecessary, which is beneficial in terms of efficiency. Furthermore, high turbine pressure ratios, compared to typical gas turbine applications, can be reached easily. However, the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen in gas turbines is a challenging task. Hydrogen and oxygen mixtures are extremely reactive and result in very high flame temperatures. In the present study the feasibility of steam-diluted combustion of hydrogen and oxygen at stoichiometric conditions is shown. A suitable combustor is developed and experimentally validated. The degree of humidity is varied systematically for stoichiometric hydrogen oxygen combustion. Flame shapes, temperature estimations and operating limits are compared and discussed.
Reports on the topic "Blue sharks"
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Sol Lucas, Sol Lucas. Magnets as blue shark deterrents? Experiment, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/47589.
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Flecker, Michael. The Temasek Wreck Blue-and-White Porcelain Database: Distribution and Composition. NUS Press, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56159/sitereport13.
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The Temasek Wreck was lost in Singapore waters. She was progressively excavated from 2016 until 2019 by the Archaeological Unit of the ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute, acting on behalf of the National Heritage Board. This Database deals with a specific element of the Temasek Wreck ceramics cargo, the Yuan dynasty blue-and-white porcelain. It documents every blue-and-white piece recovered from the wreck, from intact and nearly intact objects to tiny shards.
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Veland, Siri, and Christine Merk. Lay person perceptions of marine carbon dioxide removal (CDR) – Working paper. OceanNETs, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d3.3.
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This working paper presents first insights on lay public perceptions of marine carbon dioxide removal (CDR) approaches. In seven focus groups, three in Germany and four in Norway (including one pilot) the researchers asked members of the lay public to share their views of the ocean and the effects of climate change, four CDR approaches, as well as their reflections on responsible research and innovation (RRI) of marine CDR. The four CDR methods were ocean iron fertilization, ocean alkalinity enhancement, artificial upwelling, and blue carbon management through restoration of coastal and marine ecosystems. In addition, respondents were asked to compare the four approaches. Our findings indicate that the public will be very supportive of blue carbon management irrespective of its actual carbon sequestration potential, due in part to the perceived bad state of marine ecosystems worldwide. Participants were skeptical whether any of the CDR approaches could have relevant effect on carbon sequestration and long-term storage; they reasoned about issues such as the ability to scale up treatments in time and space, unforeseen or unforeseeable effects on ecosystems in time and space, and the role of industry in the implementation process. They argued that despite the potential availability of marine CDR, industry and the general public should stop polluting behaviors and practices. Nevertheless, the participants universally agreed that further research on all four CDR methods should be pursued to better understand effects on climate, ecosystems, local communities, and the economy.
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Torero, Máximo, and Jaime Saavedra-Chanduví. Union Density Changes and Union Effects on Firm Performance in Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011249.
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The paper documents the sharp reduction in union density in Peru between 1986 and 1998, in a context of large macroeconomic fluctuations, structural reforms and changes in the Collective Bargaining Law in 1993. The authors find that a blue-collar job, a permanent contract, higher education and working in a large firm increase the likelihood of unionization, but only before the legislative change. Using a panel of firms for the manufacturing sector for the period 1994-1996, a negative impact of unions on profits for all firm sizes is found. In the econometric analysis, a significant negative effect even after controlling for firm and sector characteristics and firm fixed effects is found. There is some evidence that this effect diminishes over time, consistent with the reduction in union density during that period, but the reduction is not robust to different specifications.
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Poloboc, Alina. Fancy Lollipop. Intellectual Archive, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2997.
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"Fancy Lollipop" is a vibrant and energetic artwork featuring a blend of bold and bright colors. The color palette, which includes shades of blue, pink, and black, creates a sense of drama and theatricality in the piece. The colors are strategically placed in the composition to emphasize key elements of the image, such as the main character, Fancy Lollipop. Speaking of the main character, Fancy Lollipop is depicted as an extravagant and self-assured individual. Their presence in the artwork is unmistakable, and their confident and assured stance reflects their bold and attention-grabbing personality. The use of quick, expressive brushstrokes in their figure creates a sense of movement and energy, further enhancing the feeling of spectacle and showmanship in the piece. Overall, "Fancy Lollipop" is an impressive example of contemporary art that draws on real-life characters encountered by the artist during their stay in Miami. The artwork offers an immersive visual experience that captures the viewer`s attention with its colorful and energetic composition, and is sure to leave a lasting impression on those who encounter it.
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Giusta, Elena. EuroSea recommendations on RRI in OO. EuroSea, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d8.9.
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The EuroSea project is improving the coordination of the European ocean observing and forecasting system to strengthen its capability of tacking the societal challenges related to ocean health, climate change, mitigation of ocean-related natural hazards, and the sustainable exploitation of marine ecosystem services in the Blue Economy. The scientific excellence of the project is based on its better integration, assimilation, coordination and governance of methods, practices, and instruments to collect fit-for-purpose ocean data and the development of innovative tools and solutions to manage some natural coastal risks and support more efficiently fisheries and aquaculture. The societal impact of the research and innovation activities carried out by the EuroSea consortium is enabled through the responsible research and innovation (RRI) policy concept implemented throughout the project progress development and, in particular, in the demonstrators work packages and in those activities focused on communication, dissemination, exploitation and legacy. This report summarizes how the six articulations of the RRI approach were applied so far in the EuroSea project. It also offers some recommendations to boost the societal benefits provided by inclusivity, equality, ethics, transparency and collaborative co-design and co-creation in the research and innovation process applied to ocean observing. Now, and even more in the future, it is necessary to multiply the opportunities to share knowledge and expertise among all transdisciplinary actors to be engaged in improving the European and global ocean observing and forecasting. Moreover, the emerging critical problems affecting the ocean require an increased public involvement through open access to ocean information, effective communication and dissemination of research findings, more diffuse ocean literacy and collective mobilisation. Only these factors seem to be able to establish the global common responsibility necessary to enhance the ocean sustainability, as advocated by the UN Decade for Ocean Science for Sustainable Development supporting the achievement of the SDG 14 in the UN Agenda 2030. (EuroSea Deliverable, D8.9)
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Strasser, Fiona-Elaine. Recommendations on engaging with the next generation of stakeholders. EuroSea, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d8.11.
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This report provides an overview of EuroSea's initiatives focused on engaging the next generation of ocean observing and forecasting stakeholders. Many activities took place, including delivering workshops, presenting the EuroSea itinerant exhibition, collaborating with the WASCAL Floating University and the SEA-EU inter-university initiative, supporting the international Ocean Observers Initiative, and much more. Engaging the next generation of stakeholders in meaningful discussions and innovative projects is essential to ensure future-oriented intergenerational collaboration. Yet, this is often an overlooked aspect of public engagement within the Horizon 2020 landscape as it requires engagement techniques specifically tailored to reach the young generation. Within the framework of Horizon 2020, the European Union's research and innovation funding program, public engagement traditionally targets a diverse range of stakeholders, including researchers, policymakers, industry representatives, civil society organizations, NGOs, and citizens. While these efforts are crucial for fostering inclusive and transparent dialogue, targeted initiatives directed towards the younger generation and early-career ocean professionals need to be expanded. It is important to recognize the concerns, unique perspectives, and aspirations of young individuals who will inherit the outcomes of today's research and innovation. Dedicating resources to engage with the next generation is vital to ensure their active involvement in shaping their future and addressing global challenges such as the sustainability of ocean observing, monitoring, and forecasting. EuroSea has recognized the importance of fostering a deeper understanding of ocean observing and forecasting among the younger generation. This deliverable and the many activities feeding into it are a testament to EuroSea's commitment to this cause. This report focuses on the lessons learnt from a diverse array of activities engaging the next generation of ocean observing and forecasting stakeholders, demonstrating the extensive range of possibilities for involving the younger generation. It underscores the importance of tailoring approaches to different age groups, from school children to university graduates and adapting engagement strategies to their varying interests and life stages. Every experience—even the ones that did not turn out as expected—has shown to be beneficial, and it is important to share lessons learnt and identify best practices while expanding these kinds of initiatives. EuroSea's dedication to engaging the next generation of stakeholders is a significant step in fostering inter-generational dialogue and promoting blue skills and knowledge sharing. Valuable lessons have been learnt from the EuroSea engagement activities and provide guidance for future initiatives aimed at fostering a deeper understanding of our ocean among the younger generation and engaging them in conversations that impact their future on this planet. (EuroSea Deliverable, D8.11)
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Financing the Blue Economy: Investments in Sustainable Blue Small–Medium Enterprises and Projects in Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tcs220281-2.
Full textAbstract:
This joint report highlights opportunities for mobilizing investment for a sustainable blue economy in Asia and the Pacific, focusing on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs’ limited access to capital makes them the “missing middle” in sustainable blue economy development. This report proposes SME sector priorities in the blue economy, analyzes the financing gap, and shares tools and resources to support new financial connections between international capital and local actors. It recommends the establishment of a new blended finance platform—SME BlueImpact Asia—to help fill the estimated $2 trillion SME blue economy financing gap in developing Asia.
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The Competitive Advantage of Nations: A Successful Experience, Realigning the Strategy to Transform the Economic and Social Development of the Basque Country. Universidad de Deusto, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/xiqr3861.
Full textAbstract:
Why do the new economy and welfare societies recommend a new station on the long journey towards competitiveness initiated within the framework of “The Competitive Advantage of Nations”, published as long as 25 years ago? A little more than twenty-five years ago, the Basque Country decided to equip itself with its own development strategy, undertaking to meet the challenge of designing its own future. The Basque Country aspired to give itself the maximum degree of self-government as a nation without a State, following its release from a long dictatorship which had plunged it into autarchy and isolation from the Western democracies around it, limiting its ability and responsibility to shape its own destiny and to offer its Society the highest standards of welfare, facing one of the greatest economic, political and social crises of its history and suffering from the ravages of terrorism within an economy castigated by soaring unemployment above 25%, a drop in its GDP, the fall, like dominoes, of its key industrial sectors, locked into the monoculture of the steel and metal working industry, outside the Europe which was being constructed by the then Economic Community of the Six, marginalized as a peripheral area from the future axis and development of the so-called “blue banana” of the London-Milan backbone and with an incipient and inexperienced administration, full of youth and enthusiasm, and a business world undergoing conversion, learning to live with a trade union phenomenon that the former dictatorship had bypassed. Faced with this complex and exciting challenge, those of us who had the privilege of addressing the aforementioned proposal, interpreting (by means of our analyses, as well as the wish to make our desires and dreams come true) the main keys to explain the state of the world economy, the main trends of change and their foreseeable impact on the Basque economy (“What the world economy taught us”), began the task of defining what we call “A strategy for the modernization and internationalization of our economy and our Country” trying to give some meaning to the role expected of the new players (States, city-regions, provinces, etc.), a role in which our small Country, with features of a City-Region, a sub-national entity, an invertebrate area on the two sides of the Pyrenees, could assume the figure of co-protagonist and provide society with a prosperous future. We also needed the framework and tools desirable for tackling the success strategy. We identified the gap between the needs that would be generated by the new paradigms and the tools offered by the existing political-economic framework (contents, skills, potential developments), accompanied by our own Country-strategy, with special emphasis on the initiatives, factors and critical vectors our society would demand and its aspirations for well-being and development. Within this context, the Basque Government approached Michael E. Porter, his ideas and concepts of the moment, and we began a collaborative process (which lasts until this day), constructing much more than our “Competitive Advantage of the Basque Country” in a thrilling and unfinished “Journey towards Competitiveness and Prosperity”. The Basque Country enjoys the privilege of having been the first nation to apply, in a strategic and comprehensive manner, the concepts which, a few years later, came to light in the prestigious publication we celebrate today, titled “The Competitive Advantage of Nations”, which has inspired the design of numerous policies and strategies throughout the world, which has brought about a proliferation of followers, which has trained instructors and which has generated a large number of new researchers and academics, new policy makers, new instruments for competitiveness and extraordinary levels of prosperity throughout the world. Since then, we have shared our own particular project which, alive and changing, responds to the new economic and social challenges and conflicts by constructing and applying a Country strategy with distinctive achievements and results beyond our economic environment. It lies within the conceptual framework inspired by the complementary tripod of Michael E. Porter's conceptual movement in his Competitive Advantage (Competitiveness, Shared Value Initiative and Social Progress) and our contributions learned from day to day in keeping with our vocation, identity, will and commitment. It is a never-ending process based on a model and a way of understanding the former pledge to give ourselves a single strategy designed by and for people.