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1

Aghakhani Shahrezaee, Mina, and Zahra Jannessari Ladani. "Toni Morrison's Beloved and the Bluest Eye: A Cultural Materialistic Approach." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 30 (June 2014): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.30.17.

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This article aims to investigate two novels of Toni Morrison, Beloved and The Bluest Eye, by a cultural materialistic approach. Cultural materialists emphasize on the cultural aspects and elements of literary texts. They study issues such as race, gender, sexuality, social class, and slavery. In other words, they put under investigation the marginalized people of society, like black people, females, and slaves. In this regard, Toni Morrison is a great writer whose writings are replete with cultural issues. As most of the main characters of Toni Morrison's novels are black people, so it can be concluded that for her, marginalized people of society and minorities especially females, are at center. Therefore, in this paper, it is aimed to emphasize on cultural elements of Morrison's novels, Beloved and The Bluest Eye, and determine what stance she takes toward such minorities.
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Aggarwal, Ruchee. "Feminist perspective of Toni Morrison in “The Bluest Eye." Indian Journal of Applied Research 2, no. 1 (October 1, 2011): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/oct2012/38.

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Dahiya, Anisha. "Ethnic Discrimination in The Bluest Eye." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 9, no. 3 (March 27, 2021): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v9i3.11014.

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Ethnicity is one of the most debatable topics in contemporary times. Human culture is divided along ethnic and national lines. Ethnicity and Race function as most powerful language of human difference and human community. An ethnic group that is dominant often tends to make its own culture specific traits normative in that society. The Bluest Eye is one of the landmark novels of Toni Morrison in which the markings of ethnicity play a great role. The aim of this paper is to explore the traces of ethnic discrimination of the African Americans at the hands of dominant White Americans in the novel The Bluest Eye. It illustrates how ethnic stereotypes propagated by White Americans for their selfish purposes victimised the black people at that time. Particular emphasis is given on the psychological effects of the oppressive environment on the protagonist Pecola. Morrison portrays Pecola as a marginalized and oppressed character who yearns to have blue eyes to have a respectable position in the community.
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Karim, Sajjadul, and Mohd Muzhafar Bin Idrus. "Black empowerment and Afro-American values in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye." IIUC Studies 16 (November 7, 2020): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v16i0.50181.

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The Bluest Eye of Toni Morrison is extraordinarily significant, as it addresses the different sides of American literature, and the lives of the Afro-American people. Although the conventional theological aspects of white culture can negatively influence other characters of Morrison, it is Pecola whose life appears to be increasingly defenseless against the impulses of the individuals who have accepted the Western custom. In a democratic country, people generally have the same value, but there are still prejudices in the concepts of beauty and worthiness. The search for freedom, black identity, the nature of evil and the robust voices of African-Americans have become themes for African-American literature. Folklore covers the history of black and white interaction in the United States and also summarizes the feelings expressed in protest literature1. Morrison argues that the survival of the dark ladies in a white dominated society depends on loving their own way of life and dark race and rejecting the models of white culture or white excellence. This article attempts to examine The Bluest Eye from the perspective of empowerment of blacks and African American and their value system. IIUC Studies Vol.16, December 2019: 111-121
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Dr. N. Seraman, Dr N. Seraman, and T. Selvakkumar T. Selvakkumar. "Race, Class and Gender Bias as Reflected in Toni Morrison Novel’s “ The Bluest Eye." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2011): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/feb2013/2.

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Hosseiny, Sediqeh, and Ensieh Shabanirad. "A Du Boisian Reading of The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 60 (September 2015): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.60.121.

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Due to the color of their skins, Blacks were always subject to different types of disrespect and insecurity in their society. Among different groups of people, writers and critics knew it as their responsibility to act as Black people’s voice and talk on behalf of them, as these people were labeled as ‘The Other’ by the Whites. Du Bios created a kind of new trend of dealing with African-American culture by innovating the concept known as “double consciousness”, and arguing that these black people were trapped between dual personalities. As an American writer, Toni Morrison carried this specific burden upon her shoulders to reveal all those oppressions Blacks had to bear in their life, like what she depicted in the novel The Bluest Eyewith portrayal of the main black character Pecolla who is being blamed for the color of her skin. This article intends to elaborate some inherent postcolonial traces in Toni Morrison’s outstanding novel The Bluest Eye and examine how European power and white people were dominating the whole system of the society and what kind of regretful complications Blacks had to endure, and at the same time working on how Du Bois’s concept of double consciousness can be analyzed in black characters.
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Moses, Cat. "The Blues Aesthetic in Toni Morrison's the Bluest Eye." African American Review 33, no. 4 (1999): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2901343.

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8

Swasti Ratu, Ken Kirana, and Mateus Rudi Supsiadji. "SEXUAL HAZING AND ABUSE PHENOMENA IN TONI MORRISON THE BLUEST EYE." ANAPHORA: Journal of Language, Literary and Cultural Studies 2, no. 1 (August 27, 2019): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/anaphora.v2i1.2723.

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This essay focuses the discussion on sexual hazing and sexual abuse phenomena which had happened to several roles in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye. The method used was a descriptive confirmatory method meaning the method approached and analyzed the study based on the confirmation of the theory and data from its own novel. In addition, this essay applied some points about socialist feminism as the additional reference of discussion. Socialist feminism itself is a branch of feminism that focuses upon both the public and private spheres of women’s life and argues that liberation can only be achieved by working to end both the economic and cultural resources of women’s oppression. The result showed Cholly had an sexual experience with humiliation, Frieda who was experienced abuse from Mr. Henry as well as Pecola, the lead role of this novel who had sexual hazing through rape.
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Widyaningrum, Indiwara Pandu. "The World Literature and Women’s Voice in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye (1970) and Han Kang’s The Vegetarian (2007)." Journal of Language and Literature 21, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/joll.v21i1.2937.

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This study seeks to investigate the women’s voice in the world literature depicted by ethnic female authors from African-American and Korean descent. Gaining international recognition in the world literature, Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eyes (1970) and Han Kang’s The Vegetarian (2007) reveal different social-cultural conditions about how women are presented in their respective nation. Morrison presents the life of colored women struggling with racial discrimination in the predominant white society. Meanwhile, Kang employs the symbolic food of meat and vegetarianism to reveal the women’s voice against social conformity. Applying écriture feminine or women’s writing in the analysis, both Toni Morrison and Han Kang scrutinize the stereotypical representation of women as passive, obedient, and lacking. In examining the two works, some steps were done: 1) having close reading towards the text to analyze the representation of women; 2) doing the socio-cultural analysis in connection to the women’s voice; 3) drawing the conclusion about the significance of world literature to the women’s voice. This study finds that the world literature has its significant contribution as the windows for global readers to understand women’s issues portrayed in two different nations. Not only to present women’s voice, ethnic female authors such as Toni Morrison and Han Kang indeed share the local culture through their novels. With this condition, the world literature enables to break the barriers of male Western authors as the center by offering room for female writers from non-Western countries.
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Tripathy, Dr Nirjharini. "Racism and Representation of Racialized Beauty in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, no. 10 (October 28, 2020): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i10.10812.

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The American novelist Toni Morrison’s novel The Bluest Eye portrays black society and deals with the themes of black victimization and racial oppression. It presents a prolonged representation of the means in which the standards of internalized white beauty contort the life and existence of black women. This paper explores and elucidates the impact of race, racial oppression and representation in The Bluest Eye. And how racism also edifices the hatredness between Blackand White communities. This paper will discuss various issues and concepts such as Race, Race in the Colonial Period, Racializing the Other and Stereotyping. The paper also deals with understanding Representation through the ideas of Saussure, Barthes, Levi-Strauss, Foucault, Geertz, and Said. Racism is primarily a belief in the supremacy and dominance of one race upon another that consequences in the differences, discrimination and prejudice of people towards one another rooted and established on their race or ethnicity. Racism has deeply affected the African-American coloured people making them feel inferior. The Bluest Eye reflects the appalling effect on blacks individualising the values of a white culture that rejects them both immediately and incidentally. Even after abolition of slavery legally still the African-Americans faces the cruelty of racial discrimination and never considered equal to the whites. The Black people struggles to ascertain themselves with the white and their ethnic ways. Toni Morrison propounds on black cultural heritage and seeks the African-Americans to be gratified and proud of their black colour as well black identity. This paper conveys the essence of the coloured people’s fight for their race, and also its continuance and forbearance in a principally multicultural White dominated America.
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Irfan Mehmood, Dr. Komal Ansari, and Dr. M. K. Sangi. "Hegemonic Domination of White over Black in “The Bluest Eye” by Toni Morrison." sjesr 3, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss4-2020(29-34).

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Every human being is beautiful with his own colour and appearance. No colour makes one beautiful but the white people of America have propagated the idea of white beauty as a tool of their politics to show themselves superior to the blacks. They focused on the colour because to be white for a black is unattainable as it is biological. They also tried to create self-hatred among the blacks by spreading the white ideology. They hegemonized the blacks to accept the concept of white beauty by using advertisements, media, actors and education. They also forced the blacks to be considered as ugly creating the least opportunities in the work places for the black community of America; alienating them from the society and torturing them both mentally and physically. As in The Bluest Eye, Pecola and her family are the worst victims of white men’s politics. Pecola together with her family members is both mentally and physically tortured and tormented to accept the white ideology. However, Pecola and her mother have accepted the white ideology and Pecola has mostly desired to get the bluest eye. On the other hand, Claudia resisted against the white men and their ideology. At the end, Pecola has accepted the baby of Cholly Breedlove as a token of love and self-reliance and both Claudia and Frieda wish to have the safe delivery of it. Therefore, in this article I would like to show that how the white men employed their evil intention of using the colour for dominating the blacks in America as a part of power politics, and also show black people’s reaction toward the white ideology with reference to The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison.
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Zhu, Lin. "A Comparative Study of Similarities between Morrison and Tie Ning." English Language and Literature Studies 6, no. 4 (November 29, 2016): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v6n4p70.

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The thesis, employing parallel method in comparative literary study and an approach of feminism, conducts a comparison in the light of a lack of feminist consciousness and a hostile outlet of feminist consciousness in The Bluest Eye and Sula by Toni Morrison, an African American author, and Gate of Roses by Tie Ning, a Chinese contemporary author, which illustrates that an extreme feminist consciousness does damage to a healthy feminist consciousness.
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13

ROYNON, TESSA. "A New “Romen” Empire: Toni Morrison's Love and the Classics." Journal of American Studies 41, no. 1 (March 8, 2007): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875806002738.

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An important but little-studied feature of Toni Morrison's novels is their ambivalent relationship with classical tradition. Morrison was a classics minor while at Howard University, and her deployment of the cultural practices of ancient Greece and Rome is fundamental to her radical project. Indeed, the works' revisionary classicism extends far beyond the scope of established criticism, which has largely confined itself to the engagement with Greek tragedy in Beloved, with the Demeter/Kore myth in The Bluest Eye and with allusions to Oedipus and Odysseus in Song of Solomon.1 Morrison repeatedly subverts the central role that Greece and Rome have played in American self-definition and historiography. In Paradise, for example, the affinity between the Oven in Ruby and the Greek koine hestia or communal hearth critiques the historical Founding Fathers' insistence on their new nation's analogical relationship with the ancient republics. And in their densely allusive rewritings of slavery, the Civil War and its aftermath, Beloved and Jazz expose the dependence of the “Old South” on classical pastoral tradition. It should come as no surprise, therefore, that in her most recent novel – Love (2003) – Morrison further develops the transformative engagement with America's Graeco-Roman inheritance that characterizes all of her previous fiction.2
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14

Amiri, Mehdi. "Differend in Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 8, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.3p.181.

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Through the process of passage of man's life, there are some conditions and situations wherein he remains silent and he cannot do anything in the response of others. A postmodern French thinker, Jean-François Lyotard articulates that man is forced to be silent in confronting to some situations and conditions. Lyotard states that man is incapable of representing and expressing his own inner emotions and thoughts in some conditions. This situation of unrepresentability and unanswerability is named differend by Lyotard. Due to Lyotard's differend, through reading Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye, the reader can notice that there are some conditions in which some characters are unable to represent and state their own feelings and ideas. In this sense, some black people or characters of the novel are surrounded by the conditions that they cannot utter themselves when they face others, especially white people.
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Nefnouf, Ahmed Seif Eddine. "Shadism from the Perspective of Intersectionality in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, no. 4 (April 29, 2021): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.4.24.

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This paper aims to discuss shadism from a perspective of intersectionality and how people with a darker skin tone suffered particular forms of discrimination due to the issues of shadism and its interaction with the class, gender, age, ability, and race. Shadism has infused the black society for many centuries, hence outlined during slavery. Shadism is the discrimination against a person with a darker skin tone, typically among individuals of the same racial group. In The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison describes how African American women and girls like Pecola are considered ugly by her family and the community due to her darker skin tone. in this research paper we are going to explore shadism and examine intersectionality theory like race, gender, sexuality and class, and their influence on dark-skinned black women, through the main character Pecola Breedlove. Using intersectionality theory to understand shadism helps to know that there are different ways a person could face oppression and domination. This paper gives a new vision of shadism which have been studied as amatter of racism, but throughout the intersectionality of the the identity component. The analysis shows that shadism is influenced by race and other aspects of intersectionality such as gender, race, age and ability, and other aspects of identity.
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Shabani, Somayeh. "Persuasive Strategies towards Racial Appeal in Tony Morrison’s The Bluest Eye." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, no. 1 (December 15, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.1p.19.

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Racism is the main theme in Toni Morisson’s The Bluest Eye. The little black girl’s long lasting yearn for blue eyes has been linked to the standards of America’s society in 1940’s which associated beauty to being white. Although instances of racism are rampant throughout the story, previous studies have not attempted to determine the type of persuasive strategies used by Toni Morrison to justify racism in the novel. In this paper, the author made use of Aristotle’s concepts of ethos, logos, and pathos, as 3 main dimensions of persuasion to determine the strategies used in the novel by the narrator-Claudia. Descriptive qualitative analysis of the novel’s text revealed that the author has made use of all these strategies. Pathos was observed in form of feelings of fear, anger and hatred. Logos was observed in the logic of the grown up society of America about being white and ethos was found among the black who themselves credited the whites over their own race.
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Hema, V. "An Analysis of Toni Morrison’s the Bluest Eye." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (2019): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.4.1.25.

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Tanrıtanır, Bülent Cercis, and Kıvılcım Uzun. "Intertextual relationships in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye." International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research 1, no. 1 (March 3, 2015): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.106406.

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Kpohoué, Ferdinand. "African Community Life Pattern in some Novels of Toni Morrison and Zora Neale Hurston." Studies in Linguistics and Literature 5, no. 3 (July 22, 2021): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sll.v5n3p1.

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The objective in this paper is to investigate the preservation of the community life that characterizes African people in the novels of Toni Morrison and Zora Neale Hurston.As a matter of fact, in all of Morrison’s novels, the black community is, from one perspective, largely defined by the dominant white society and its standards. The Bluest Eye takes place in Morrison’s home town of Lorain, Ohio. In the novel, the black community of Lorain is separated from the upper-class white community, also known as Lake Shore Park, a place where blacks are not permitted. The setting for Sula is a small town in Ohio, located on a hillside known as “Bottom”. In Song of Solomon, the reader is absorbed into the black community, an entity unto itself, but yet never far removed from the white world. In Their Eyes Were Watching God, actions take place in Eatonville in Florida.The study has revealed that there exists a strong solidarity in the different communities in the novels selected for this study. Like African communities in Africa, gossips, tradition and other features appear in the novels of Toni Morrison and Zora Neale Hurston to make them different from the white communities that boarder them in America. These writers from the African diaspora work to preserve their original communities in their novels.
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Emmanuel, Ima Usen. "Sexual Orientation Identity in Select African and African American Novels." Communication, Society and Media 2, no. 2 (May 28, 2019): p90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/csm.v2n2p90.

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This paper set out to interrogate Sexual Orientation Identity in select African and African American novels, using the Queer theory. Some heterosexual writers inadvertently dwell on queer relationships in their works. Toni Morrison in both The Bluest Eye and Beloved portrayed bestiality/zoophillia, phytophilliac or dendraphilliac, Spectorphilli, incest, rape/molestation, masturbation, polyamorous relationships, homoerotic, homosocial, and heterosexuality. Whereas, Damon Gulet’s In a Strange Room and Sello Duiker’s Thirteen Cents depicted lesbianism, homosexuality and bisexuality. With the likes of Geraldine in Morrison’s The Bluest Eye and Mr Lebowitz in Duiker’s Thirteen Cents, I agree with Tyson on biological essentialism, that the rest of the population is naturally heterosexual. I also agree with other critics that all human beings have the potential for sexual activity that does not fit into heterosexual framework. I share the opinion of social constructionism; that LGBTQ sexuality and heterosexuality are products of social, not biological forces; our societies are fast losing their mores, hence these evil practices. Since patriarchy is the law, no stiff penalty is effected on their wide spread jeopardizing habits. Queerness is a generational destroyer of both moral and humanity. This paper is emphatic that stiff penalties be brought on the practitioners of psychology of peadophile.
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Burcar, Lilijana. "Imploding the Racialized and Patriarchal Beauty Myth through the Critical Lens of Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye." Journal for Foreign Languages 9, no. 1 (December 28, 2017): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/vestnik.9.139-158.

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This contribution investigates and lays bare the ideological workings of racialized beauty myth as presented in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye by bringing together feminist theory and postcolonial theory of race. It demonstrates that racialized beauty norms are informed by both the constructs of gender and race, and that they serve as a tool of social positioning and social control in Western capitalist patriarchies. This kind of contextual understanding, which Morrison’s The Bluest Eye helps to foster on a number of structurally interlocked levels, is also of crucial importance for the understanding of the way beauty myth operates today in the context of globally exported Western beauty industry. Its basic tenets remain firmly rooted in the construction and perpetuation of racialized and gendered otherness, which is why The Bluest Eye remains an eye-opener and therefore a novel of lasting value for readers in general and, as this contribution demonstrates, for students of English literature in particular.
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Long, Lisa A. "A New Midwesternism in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye." Twentieth-Century Literature 59, no. 1 (2013): 104–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0041462x-2013-2009.

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Mahameed, Mohammed, and Majed Abdul Karim. "The Experience of Alienation in Toni Morrison’s Work: Man’s Fragmentation and Concomitant Distortion." English Language and Literature Studies 7, no. 2 (May 30, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v7n2p65.

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The question of alienation has always been a pervasive theme in the history of modern thought, and it occupies a considerable place in contemporary work. Literature in general, and fiction in particular, raise this issue to reveal its influence on human beings and communities. Novelists have been trying to unravel its complexities and concomitant consequences. The paper aims to explore the experience of alienation through depicting the issue not as a purely racial reality, or something restricted to the colour of the skin or gender of the victim. It is rather presented as a distressing state which cripples the victims and makes them susceptible captives of the dominant forces. In the selected novels, Toni Morrison has delved deep into the experience of alienation through her male and female characters, showing the different forms of this experience. The present research investigates Morrison’s portrayal of the issue from an African-American prospect. References will be made to novels such as Tar Baby, Sula, The Bluest Eye, Song of Solomon, and Beloved.
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López Ramírez, Manuela. "“Childhood Cuts Festered and Never Scabbed Over”: Child Abuse in Toni Morrison’s God Help the Child." Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, no. 29 (November 15, 2016): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2016.29.08.

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Toni Morrison revisits one of the main thematic concerns, child abuse and trauma, of her premier novel, The Bluest Eye, in her latest book God Help the Child. She has actually dealt profusely with all sorts of child maltreatment in her oeuvre. In her recent narrative, Morrison weaves a tangled web of childhood trauma stories, in which all of the characters have suffered some kind of abuse: neglect, witnessing domestic violence, emotional and psychological abuse, molestation, sexual abuse, etc. She shows how the child’s exposure to traumatic experiences has dramatic far-reaching effects into adulthood, such as psychological, emotional, behavioral and social problems. Morrison explores the curse of the past, the legacy of slavery and its aftermath, and its hold on the present, through the phenomenon of colorism. Racism and intra-racial discrimination based on the skin color result in childhood trauma. Children may adopt coping strategies to resist maltreatment or they may internalize oppression and accept self-loathing. Violence generates violence, a vicious cycle which will eventually make the victims future victimizers. Nonetheless, God Help the Child is not only about childhood abuse and trauma, but it is also about transformation and healing. Morrison describes the characters’ restorative journeys towards redemption.
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Peimanfard, Shima, and Fazel Asadi Amjad. "Othering Each Other: Mimicry, Ambivalence and Abjection in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, no. 4 (June 1, 2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.4p.115.

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This study examines the intersections of Post colonialism and Psychoanalysis in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye. It also aims to challenge Bhabha’s notions of mimicry and ambivalence as he deems them to be great forms of resistance against White supremacy. Indeed, The Bluest Eye considers Bhabha’s notion of mimicry as an oppressive strategy, especially when adopted by colonized characters like Pecola in their futile attempts to imbibe the imposed images of white culture. In addition to this literary inspiration, Julia Kristeva is among those Psychoanalytic critics who gives a further boost to my argument against Bhabha; remarking that mimicry creates the hazards of absorbing the norms of the dominant culture, and can result in psychological forms of oppression posed to the colonized, namely abjection. For instance, in Morrison’s The Bluest Eye, the non-whites use mimicry as the sole arena of struggle to get out of the marsh of abjection and create a sense of self; failing to grasp that mimicry itself contains the threat of ridding them to abjection and the vicious circle of ‘othering each other.’ Therefore, Bhabha’s ambivalent experience, to which the colonized is promoted through manifesting feats of mimicry is indeed a trap; for the voice that comes out of such experience is psychotic.
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Et. al., Nehdeep Lakra,. "Quest for Identity in the novels of Beloved and The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 1183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.1141.

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Identity is often described as finite and consists of separate and distinct parts such as; family, culture, personal relations and profession, to name a few. The formation of identity is an ever – evolving one wherein our genealogy, culture, loved ones, those we cared for, people who have harmed us and people we have harmed, our memories of the various phases of life, or the deeds done to oneself and to others, experiences lived and choices made, all come together to form who one is, at a given moment. The black Americans in the select novels are neglected even not to be considered as human beings, deprived of their rights. This article deals with the search for self as to who they truly are in the novel of Toni Morrison’s Beloved and The Bluest Eye. Identity is the uniqueness of a person and when it is lost, the person loses everything in his life.
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Cormier-Hamilton, Patrice. "Black Naturalism and Toni Morrison: The Journey away from Self-Love in The Bluest Eye." MELUS 19, no. 4 (1994): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/468206.

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Carvalho, Ana Carolina Campos de. "Beauty Matters, Race Matters: Issues of Beauty in the African-American Family in The Bluest Eye and I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings." Em Tese 11 (December 31, 2007): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/1982-0739.11.0.21-25.

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This essay studies Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye and MayaAngelou’s I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings and the stories ofblack girls relating their color to the beauty standards set bywhite America. It shows the role families play on these girls’reaction to these standards.
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LOURENÇO, Lucília Teodora Villela de Leitgeb. "A LITERATURA AFRO-AMERICAN." Open Minds International Journal 1, no. 3 (November 20, 2020): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47180/omij.v1i3.82.

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Esta análise denominada “Estudo da tradução brasileira do livro “O Olho Mais Azul” acessa Estudos Culturais, Literários e Estudos da Tradução com o objetivo de analisar a tradução além da perspectiva logocêntrica, focando em manifestações culturais expressos pela língua. Neste estudo de caso atenção será focada nas vozes do livro pela escritora norte-americana e afrodescendente Toni Morrison, e como ela desafia os pressupostos brancos, patriarcais, protestantes e critérios Protestantes em que está baseado o contexto cultural dos Estados Unidos. Nossa investigação toma como ponto de partida o plano linguístico em que Morrison opta por usar não somente a norma culta da Língua Inglesa, mas a variante Black English, um registro que abre espaço para a diferença. Neste estudo, a tradução brasileira de The Bluest Eye em Português O Olho Mais Azul por Manuel Paulo Ferreira é o alvo de análise a partir da perspectiva culturalista.
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Sung, Kee-Woon. "Pecola’s Schizophrenia and Disillusion in Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye." NEW STUDIES OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE & LITERATURE 64 (August 31, 2016): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.21087/nsell.2016.08.64.119.

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Griffin, Farah Jasmine. "On The Ethical Dimensions of Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye." College Literature 47, no. 4 (2020): 671–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lit.2020.0032.

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Mahdi Khdairi, Iman. "The Technique of Juxtaposition in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye." Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 4, no. 1 (February 15, 2020): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol4no1.16.

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Cirakli, Mustafa Zeki. "Disabled Vision and Schizophrenia in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye." Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature 41, no. 1 (July 4, 2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/lsmll.2017.41.1.46.

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Jelsma, Jess E. "Decay and Symbolic Impotence in Toni Morrison's THE BLUEST EYE." Explicator 75, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 200–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00144940.2017.1346580.

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Jina Moon. "Beyond Heteronormativity in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye and Home." Journal of English Language and Literature 64, no. 1 (March 2018): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15794/jell.2018.64.1.004.

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Sofiani, Nana, Sabarti Akhadiah, and Emzir Emzir. "The Influence of Social Contexts towards the Identity Development of the Main Character in The Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison." Lingua Cultura 13, no. 4 (November 27, 2019): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v13i4.6138.

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This research aimed to show how the social contexts influencing the main character of The Bluest Eye, Pecols’s identity development, and the stage of her identity development with the help of Erikson and Marcia’s theories. The research used qualitative research through the literary psychology approach. The data collection had been taken from the novel entitled The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, selected and sorted to find out how many among them were supporting the research. The steps were data analysis and data validity. The results show that social contexts greatly affected Pecola’s life, and therefore her identity cannot be developed.; racism, thus, has an influence on all aspects of the black people. Pecola undergoes multiple oppression and abuse as a result of racism, which leads to her self-loathe. She, thus, believes that having blue eyes is the only hope to escape from the suffering she undergoes. It is a warning of identity confusion since she wants to change her identity and becomes white. It pushes her to insanity. Racism and abuse ruin a person’s life by creating hatred and damaged to a person’s soul, and segregate society into groups. It results in the division of groups through the use of terms such as ‘them’ and ‘us’, implying that they are not equal.
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Farshid, Sima. "Panoptic Mechanism of the Blue-eyed in Toni Morrison’s "The Bluest Eye"." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Cultural Studies 8, no. 2 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2327-008x/cgp/v08i02/53189.

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Al-Abbood, MHD Noor. "White Oppression and Black Resistance in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye." International Journal of English and Cultural Studies 2, no. 1 (February 19, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijecs.v2i1.3987.

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Many critical interpretations of Morrison’s The Bluest Eye are driven by the belief that the novel pessimistically depicts an African American community so helplessly captivated by an insidious white aesthetic ideology that it is incapable of resistance, self-regeneration, or change. Pointing out the flawed premises of these readings, this article argues that the novel presents rather an effective example of resistance to the dominant white ideology thematically and formally. Morrison’s deconstructive rewriting of the “Dick and Jane” primer effectively subverts the terms of the white oppressive discourse and demolishes its ideological foundations, thus paving the way for African American self-affirmation. This is reflected in Claudia’s increasing awareness of, and mounting rebellion against, the destructive white aesthetic. Her rejection of the white beauty myth, demonstrated by her confused early childhood’s destruction of white baby dolls, culminates in a more sophisticated perception of the operation of this myth and in a radical retrieval and re-affirmation of the black beauty and worth which the white beauty myth denies in order to legitimate itself and establish its hegemony. The article argues that the radical resistance to the dehumanizing white ideology Claudia develops is, like Morrison’s formal deconstructive project, quite indebted to African American music and, more crucially, to the rich heritage behind it. The article concludes by emphasizing that in the world depicted in The Bluest Eye possibilities of resistance and chances of survival are vitally dependent on the strength of one’s connection to African American culture and heritage, as the story of Claudia’s survival proves.
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Rathore, Dr Archana. "https://ijels.com/detail/self-negation-and-politics-of-aesthetics-in-toni-morrison-s-the-bluest-eye/." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 4, no. 5 (2019): 1611–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.45.54.

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Hami, Shabnam. "Pecola’s Quest for Identity in Toni Morrison’s Novel: The Bluest Eye." International Journal of Literary Humanities 10, no. 1 (2013): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2327-7912/cgp/v10i01/43895.

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여재혁. "Pecola’s Family Photography and Visual Images: Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye." Jungang Journal of English Language and Literature 55, no. 4 (December 2013): 397–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.18853/jjell.2013.55.4.018.

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Jiang, Xinxin. "Transcending “the Bluest Eye” : An Analysis of Toni Morrison’s Body Beauty." Comparative Literature: East & West 9, no. 1 (October 2007): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/25723618.2007.12015613.

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Ayala Rodríguez, Ida María, and Cristina Amalia Gavilla Lundeg. "Enfrentar las estructuras de opresión: sumisión, resiliencia y resistencia en Los ojos más azules y El color púrpura." Sincronía XXV, no. 79 (January 3, 2021): 345–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/sincronia.axxv.n79.19a21.

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This paper focuses on and compares several aspects of the novels The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison and The Color Purple by Alice Walker. This analysis is preceded by a brief historical background of the times when the action of the novels take place, necessary to understand the history of racial discrimination and the prejudices that sustain this discrimination to our days. The discursion shows the main female characters reacting towards the different forms of oppression and to the systematic suppression of the necessary conditions for the normal development of their self- esteem as human beings. The self-esteem of some of them is so low that they cannot recover; others rise and are able to recover their lost self-esteem. We conclude that the lives of the characters in The Bluest Eye were influenced by racial, social and patriarchal prejudices, prevented from material advancement, and in some cases, how their expectations for a better life were crushed in the end leading them into catastrophic events. In The Color Purple, characters are able to overcome the effects of oppression with the help of the solidarity of women and their personalities can survive almost intact. Thus they show resilience in the face of adversity.
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Yuan, Bin. "Struggle and Survival in Cultural Clash: A Case Study of Pecola in The Bluest Eye." English Language and Literature Studies 8, no. 1 (February 8, 2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v8n1p104.

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Toni Morrison is not only one of the Afro-American writers who focus on the clash between black culture and the white mainstream culture in the United States as well as the marginalized existence of the blacks, but more importantly a unique Afro-American woman writer who goes beyond the simplistic dichotomies of the black male literary tradition and explores the root of the tragedy of the blacks in the mainstream society. Based on textual analysis of her first novel The Bluest Eye and a case study of Pecola, a main character in this novel and actually a victim and scapegoat, this paper, with the painful truth that Pecola’s tragedy results not just from the denial and rejection of the mainstream society, but more significantly, from the blind identification of some blacks in the mainstream culture, and their incompetence to cherish their own culture and identity, aims at exploring hope in the tragic story, and suggesting how blacks can struggle to survive so as to extend their heritage and values.
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Hashim Taher, Isra. "To Shape a Silence While Breaking it: Toni Morrison’s the Bluest Eye." Journal of the College of languages, no. 39 (January 2, 2019): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2019.0.39.0071.

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Trisnawati, Ririn Kurnia. "Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye: When Beaaty Turns Out To Be Hegenomy." Journal of English and Education 2, no. 1 (October 7, 2016): 67–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/jee.vol2.iss1.art7.

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Naeem, Tamsila, and Nadia Anwar. "Injurious Effects of Hate Speech Acts in The Bluest Eye." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 6 (October 13, 2019): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n6p106.

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This qualitative study aims to investigate the effects of hate speech acts of powerful agencies, which are used to establish and maintain power relations by influencing the psyche of minorities or weaker groups to assign them a subordinate position. In the light of Judith Butler’s notions presented in her famous book Excitable Speech (1997) it is found that such acts are used as a lin­guistic weapon in the process of social domination. Hate Speech acts have an injurious effect on the psyche of the weak which prompts them to obey the commands of the speakers, the powerful. For this purpose, relevant excerpts were taken through purposive sampling technique from Toni Morrison’s novel, The Bluest Eye (1970), which depicts the tragic conditions of a black family living in a race conscious society of America. They are considered inferior to the white at social, moral, economic and political levels. The analysis of the selected texts is done at both micro and macro levels. At the micro level, the lexical semantic features of the utterances are studied and at the macro level, the socio-political environment in which the black characters are victimized and then psychologically subjectified is discussed. It is seen that the feeling of being ugly has multiple and terrible influences on the mind and body of the subjects. The selected episodes from the novel are the manifestations of their wounded psyche in the white-dominated America. They unconsciously think themselves as agents of darkness, sin, crime, wickedness, immorality and evil. The findings of the study also reveal a taxonomy of newly emerging hate speech acts which may prove useful to analyze the communicative patterns of race-driven societies.
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Kozłowska, Aleksandra. "Yearning for Beauty. The Expression of Melancholy in Toni Morrison’s “The Bluest Eye”." Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne, no. 9 (April 24, 2018): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/jk.2018.9.07.

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The purpose of the paper is to discuss the sources and results of melancholy in Toni Morrison’s novel The Bluest Eye with reference to Dominick LaCapra’s theory based on a distinction between loss and absence. LaCapra claims that the former concept refers to a particular event, while the latter cannot be identified with any specific point in time or object. What is more, LaCapra admits that absence may result in melancholy, i.e. the state in which the individual remains possessed by a negative emotion because there is no possibility of working it through. The idea of absence causing melancholy is exemplified by the protagonist of The Bluest Eye, Pecola Breedlove. The girl dreams about acquiring blue eyes that belong to the prevailing white model of beauty which excludes African-American features. The feeling of absence is intensified by the U.S. education system aimed at promoting the lifestyle and characteristics of white Americans, her own mother who prefers serving white people to taking care of her own children, and the peers that constantly stigmatize Pecola for ugliness. Consequently, she becomes obsessed with the unattainable blue eyes. Since there is no chance for her to be accepted and thus cope with the absence of white features, the girl suffers from melancholy which leads her to insanity and exclusion from society.
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Babacar Diakhaté. "Child Abuse, Exploitation and the Quest for a Better Life in Sefi Atta’s Everything Good Will Come (2004) and Swallow (2010) and Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye (1970)." Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v2i1.143.

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This Article brings to light the topicality of the 21st century African and African-American female novel especially in Sefi Atta’s Everything Good Will Come and Swallow, and Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye. As the African traditional societies have much progressed, this work aims at showing that the African and African-American female novel has also progressed thematically speaking. It addreses new literary trends like Adoption, Rape, Incest, Child Abuse, Emigration and Identity Issues.
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Saha, Aroop. "Portrayal of Psychic Violence in Fire on the Mountain and The Bluest Eye." Stamford Journal of English 6 (February 22, 2013): 230–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sje.v6i0.13916.

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The role of woman is significant in the human world from the ancient time not only as a human being but also as an inseparable entity to take the mankind ahead with the time. The woman represents the symbol of nurture. She contributes to make progress in the family, society as well as country through her active participation same as the male counterpart. But woman is suppressed into lower status compared to the male power and position in the society intentionally, even after her great contribution in reality. The evidence can be found in the portrayal of woman in the literatures from the different cultures. How does the patriarchal society suppress the woman? How is the patriarchal ideology dominating the grand-narrative as well as molding the notion of woman’s psychology? In what ways, the voice of woman is controlled and represented with manipulative hegemony in unconstructive words? How is the woman fighting against the psychic violence to construct her self? Anita Desai’s Fire on the Mountain and Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eyes echo those thought provoking questions with ravenous eyes to discover the real female subject. Both writers exhibit the woman’s situation, emotion and realization which are scrutinized to observe the universality of female psyche. Stamford Journal of English; Volume 6; Page 230-248 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sje.v6i0.13916
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