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Journal articles on the topic 'Bluetooth and IoT Connection'
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Kokate Ankita, Labade Prerana, Khedkar Vaishnavi, and Dr. Date A.R. "Development of Secure Communication Protocol for IOT Device." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 12, no. 3 (2025): 283–92. https://doi.org/10.32628/ijsrset2512308.
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This research paper presents a novel approach to Bluetooth connectivity focused on enhancing security and user control through a single-connection enforcement mechanism. The system prevents multiple simultaneous connections, thereby mitigating risks associated with unauthorized device access and data breaches. It employs AES encryption for secure data transmission and UUID-based authentication to ensure that only trusted devices can establish a connection. Through a combination of rigorous technical design and user-centric principles, our approach addresses inherent vulnerabilities in conventional Bluetooth networks, aiming to deliver a robust and reliable connectivity solution in environments ranging from smart homes to healthcare applications. The paper discusses the comprehensive architecture and methodology behind the secure Bluetooth connectivity system, integrating both hardware and software perspectives. A detailed review of existing literature in the domain underpins our research, providing context and justification for the proposed system. The study not only highlights the technical efficacy of the solution but also underscores the importance of human-centric design in achieving a seamless and secure user experience. The results demonstrate significant improvements in connection reliability and security, paving the way for further advancements in Bluetooth-enabled technologies.
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Friendly, Ajulio Padly Sembiring, Sharfina Faza, Andam Lukcyhasnita, and Rezha Destiadi. "Design and Implementation of IOT Connection With Websocket Using PHP." International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS) 2, no. 4 (2023): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.173.
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IOT design and connecting between devices has been developed in recent years. Connection between device has been done from using Bluetooth, internet thru api, restfull api, socket, websocket, mttq and many others method. Api and socket is the most used method in connecting IOT devices. This reasearch tends to implement the websocket in connecting and controlling IOT devices. From the application of this research, the devices can be connected and implement with high speed of average 700ms with loaded netword. According to the results of the test, number of loads and data size can increase the time duration for each communication between IOT devices and websocket server. The larger the data, the more possible the anomaly may accured where the number of connections will experience lagging in command execution between the IOT devices and the controller The bidirectional connection in websocket make the data exchange posibbly fast.
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Elkanishy, Abdelrahman, Paul M. Furth, Derrick T. Rivera, and Ahameed A. Badawy. "Low-overhead Hardware Supervision for Securing an IoT Bluetooth-enabled Device: Monitoring Radio Frequency and Supply Voltage." ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems 18, no. 1 (2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3468064.
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Over the past decade, the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices increased tremendously. In particular, the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) expanded dramatically. Resource restrictions on IoT devices and the insufficiency of software security solutions raise the need for smart Hardware-Assisted Security (HAS) solutions. These solutions target one or more of the three C’s of IoT devices: Communication, Control, and Computation. Communication is an essential technology in the development of IoT. Bluetooth is a widely-used wireless communication protocol in small portable devices due to its low energy consumption and high transfer rates. In this work, we propose a supervisory framework to monitor and verify the operation of a Bluetooth system-on-chip (SoC) in real-time. To verify the operation of the Bluetooth SoC, we classify its transmission state in real-time to ensure a secure connection. Our overall classification accuracy is measured as 98.7%. We study both power supply current (IVDD) and RF domains to maximize the classification performance and minimize the overhead of our proposed supervisory system.
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Ruchi, Varshney. "IoT: An Introduction to Networking." International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Emerging Technologies 11, no. 2 (2023): 368–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11383010.
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<em>IoT (Internet of Things) is closely related to networking as it involves connecting physical devices or "things" to the internet to enable communication and data exchange. Networking is the underlying infrastructure that allows IoT devices to communicate with each other and with cloud-based platforms or other services. IoT devices require network connectivity to transmit and receive data. This can be achieved through various networking technologies such as Wi-Fi, cellular networks, Bluetooth, Zigbee, or Ethernet. Networking provides the means to establish connections between IoT devices, enabling them to communicate and share information. Networking infrastructure supports the connectivity and data transfer of IoT devices. This includes routers, switches, gateways, access points, and other network components that form the backbone of IoT networks. These devices enable reliable and secure communication between IoT devices and enable the connection to cloud-based services or data centers.</em>
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Subhagato Dutta. "The Evolution of Bluetooth: A Deep Dive." International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology 11, no. 1 (2025): 2543–55. https://doi.org/10.32628/cseit251112261.
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The evolution of Bluetooth technology represents a significant milestone in wireless communication, transforming from its initial incarnation as a basic short-range protocol to a sophisticated communication standard supporting diverse applications. This comprehensive article traces Bluetooth's development through multiple generations, examining the technological advancements that have shaped its capabilities. It explores the progression from basic frequency-hopping spread spectrum implementation to advanced features including Enhanced Data Rate, Adaptive Frequency Hopping, and Low Energy protocols. Key developments in mesh networking, power efficiency, and connection management are analyzed, along with their impact on device interoperability and network performance. The article also investigates Bluetooth's position within the broader wireless technology landscape, including its relationship with complementary and competing standards such as Ultra-Wideband and NFC. Through a detailed examination of implementation challenges, performance metrics, and technological innovations, this article provides insight into Bluetooth's evolution from simple point-to-point connections to its current role as a cornerstone of modern wireless communication, particularly in IoT applications and complex network environments.
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Bulić, Patricio, Gašper Kojek, and Anton Biasizzo. "Data Transmission Efficiency in Bluetooth Low Energy Versions." Sensors 19, no. 17 (2019): 3746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19173746.
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One important aspect when choosing a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) solution is to analyze its energy consumption for various connection parameters and desired throughput to build an optimal low-power Internet-of-Things (IoT) application and to extend the battery life. In this paper, energy consumption and data throughput for various BLE versions are studied. We have tested the effect of connection interval on the throughput and compared power efficiency relating to throughput for various BLE versions and different transactions. The presented results reveal that shorter connection intervals increase throughput for read/write transactions, but that is not the case for the notify and read/write without response transactions. Furthermore, for each BLE version, the energy consumption is mainly dependable on the data volume. The obtained results provide a design guideline for implementing an optimal BLE IoT application.
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Al-Abass, Gesoon j. k., and Huda R. ALkifaey. ""A survey on the most important internet of things technologies "." Muthanna Journal of Pure Science 6, no. 2 (2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52113/2/06.02.2019/1-12.
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"Internet of things (IoT) domain targets human with smart resolutions through the connection of “M2M” in all over the world, effectively. It was difficult to ignore domain importance field of IoT with the new deployment of applications such as smartphone in recent days. The most important layer in architecture of IoT is network layer, because of various systems (perform of cloud computing, switching, hub, gateway, so on), different technologies of connection (Long-Term Evolution (LTE), WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.) gathered in layer. Network layers should transfer the information from or to various applications/objects, via gateways/interfaces between networks that are heterogeneous, therefore utilizing different connection technologies, protocols. Recent work highlighted IoT technologies state-of-the-art utilized in architectures of IoT, some variations among them in addition to the applications of them in life."
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Manas, Marawaha Pradeep Jha, Razdan Rohan, and Dukes Jonathan. "Performance Evaluation of Bluetooth Low Energy Communication." Journal of Information Sciences and Computing Technologies 7, no. 2 (2018): 718–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968139.
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Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), also known as Bluetooth Smart is the new power efficient version of Bluetooth. With the massive increase in the use of IoT devices, their compatibility and suitability for use with BLE, it has become an important protocol for communication. The performance of the protocol in terms of throughput, however, remains untested. Several parameters like connection interval, packet size per connection interval, data length extension and others constitute the implementation of the BLE protocol on a device. These parameters directly or indirectly effect the throughput of devices communicating over BLE. In this paper, we evaluated BLE performance by performing experiments to calculate throughput with varying values of connection interval and MTU size of application payload. We provide experimental values of throughput and compare it with the theoretically expected results and discuss the pattern and aberration found.
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Hussain, Syed Rafiul, Shagufta Mehnaz, Shahriar Nirjon, and Elisa Bertino. "Secure Seamless Bluetooth Low Energy Connection Migration for Unmodified IoT Devices." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 17, no. 4 (2018): 927–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2017.2739742.
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Kolesnikov, Vladilen, Marcelo Neves, and Bhargavi Goswami. "LoRa-based IoT applications on campus: experimental demonstrations and performance evaluation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1272, no. 1 (2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1272/1/012014.
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Lora technology is widely used in solving many IoT problems because of its long-range capability and low-cost. However, the model which works in the 2.4GHz frequency and without regional limitations is a novelty and its full capabilities are unknown. In this research the device is test for its transmission capabilities on a university campus because this is the conditions with high 2.4GHz interference from Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. The authors also try to find the packet delivery rate and define at what distance LoRa end-node starts to lose connection with its gateway. Along the way receiving signal strength indicator is registered in order to understand the device power level. All of it is done by placing the gateway in the middle of the campus so that it equally reaches the furthermost points, connecting it with a LoRa-based end-node and testing this connection by placing the end-node device in different spots within the area and analysing the connection. LoRa 2.4GHz has shown lower effectiveness in terms of distance in comparison with its sub-GHz counterparts. Receiving signal strength indicator also demonstrated a lower power level in comparison with the mentioned device specifications. However, the LoRa technology still provides bigger distance than Wi-Fi or Bluetooth and is cheaper than other protocols used in IoT. Higher results can be achieved by using a better antenna and by eliminating physical obstacles.
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Ghosh, Arindam. "Design and Fabrication of IOT based Smart Dustbin." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (2022): 4708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46020.
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Abstract: A Smartbin for waste management is presented in this work, as an attempt to maintain clean and hygienic environment. The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) has been implemented through GSM module integrated with Arduino UNO to design this bin along with Bluetooth connectivity. The Bluetooth Controller App is employed for establishing connection with the Bluetooth module. The module is therefore leveraged to detect distance between the user and the bin, and the information enables the planning of an optimal route for the bin to move towards the user. As it detects the object, the lid of the bin opens automatically and allows the object to dispose the waste into it. The waste is then segregated into dry or wet particles and then the lid will get close automatically. Level indicators allow estimation of remaining capacity of the bin to store further waste. On exhaustion of the capacity of the bin, SMS-based notification is provided to the user via a GSM module. In this work, a low cost, user-friendly, economically viable waste management solution to control pollution is demonstrated.
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Garcia-Espinosa, Eduardo, Omar Longoria-Gandara, Ioseth Pegueros-Lepe, and Arturo Veloz-Guerrero. "Power Consumption Analysis of Bluetooth Low Energy Commercial Products and Their Implications for IoT Applications." Electronics 7, no. 12 (2018): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7120386.
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Internet of things (IoT) has become a very important business segment for the industry since it is estimated that 50 billion devices will be interconnected by 2020, where 30% of them are forecasted to use Bluetooth low energy as the enabling communication protocol. IoT involves smart devices that can be connected to the cloud in order to share and process all types of data collected through sensors. Moreover, 100% of smartphones and tablets shipped in 2018 include Bluetooth low energy, which will allow the interoperation with the upcoming 5G standard. As a result, different low-power hardware platforms have become available to either build prototypes, or implement full IoT solutions. One fundamental aspect while choosing a development platform is to analyze the power consumption of its components to build an optimal low-power application and extend the battery life. In this work, we present current consumption measurements of four Bluetooth low energy commercial platforms configured as central and as peripheral devices, these measurements are aimed to provide the data that are not available in the datasheets and which is needed to select, in an optimal way, the proper connection parameters for the protocol.
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Lonzetta, Angela, Peter Cope, Joseph Campbell, Bassam Mohd, and Thaier Hayajneh. "Security Vulnerabilities in Bluetooth Technology as Used in IoT." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 7, no. 3 (2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan7030028.
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Bluetooth technology is a key component of wireless communications. It provides a low-energy and low-cost solution for short-range radio transmissions. Bluetooth, more specifically Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) has become the predominant technology for connecting IoT (Internet of Things). It can be found in cell phones, headsets, speakers, printers, keyboards, automobiles, children’s toys, and medical devices, as well as many other devices. The technology can also be found in automated smart homes, to provide monitors and controls for lights, thermostats, door locks, appliances, security systems, and cameras. Bluetooth offers convenience and ease of use, but it lacks a centralized security infrastructure. As a result, it has serious security vulnerabilities, and the need for awareness of the security risks are increasing as the technology becomes more widespread. This paper presents an overview of Bluetooth technology in IoT including its security, vulnerabilities, threats, and risk mitigation solutions, as well as real-life examples of exploits. Our study highlights the importance of understanding attack risks and mitigation techniques involved with using Bluetooth technology on our devices. Real-life examples of recent Bluetooth exploits are presented. Several recommended security measures are discussed to secure Bluetooth communication.
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K, Phani Babu. "Field Monitoring System Using IoT." J. of Advancement in Engineering and Technology 6, no. 4 (2018): 02. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1303219.
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Internet of Things (IoT) is a shared network of objects or things can interact with each other when provided with the internet connection. This is one of the ideas that have become increasing prevalent in recent years. It involves connecting things to the internet in order to retrieve information from connected things at any time and from anywhere. In IoT, sensor networks exchange information wirelessly via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth etc. Smart Agriculture helps to reduce wastage, effective usage of fertilizers and thereby increase the crop yield. In this work, a system is developed to monitor crop-field using sensors. Our project is initiated to determine the ability of sensing systems to detect Soil moisture, Temperature, Humidity, gas to measure the levels of Butane present. The data from sensors are sent and displayed in a website. The notifications are sent to farmer periodically. The farmer can able to monitor the field conditions from anywhere. This system will be more useful in areas where water is in scarce. This system is 92% more efficient than the conventional approach.
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Dilip S. Choudhari. "Design and Implementation of a Bluetooth-Controlled Robotic Arm for Efficient Pick-and-Place Operations." Panamerican Mathematical Journal 35, no. 1s (2024): 344–54. https://doi.org/10.52783/pmj.v35.i1s.2392.
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The advancement in Robotics and Automation, particularly in IoT, has led to the development of Bluetooth-operated robotic arms. These arms perform tasks like pick and place, reducing human fatigue and error. Two control strategies, force, and motion control, enable precise operations. By using smartphones with Bluetooth connectivity, users can control the arm remotely. The Bluetooth module, like HC05, facilitates this connection. Such arms can handle hazardous materials or tasks in inaccessible areas. These arms offer flexibility and can be reprogrammed for various tasks. Designed using Arduino Uno and four servo motors, they are controlled via a mobile app, ensuring user-friendly operation. The system, modeled using CAD software and 3D printing, enhances safety and efficiency in industrial setups. It enables remote control and precise movements for tasks like handling munitions.
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Hernández-Goya, Candelaria. "Research on smart-locks cybersecurity and vulnerabilities." Wireless Networks 30 (May 27, 2023): 5905–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-023-03376-8.
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Smart-locks have become increasingly popular for access to homes and businesses in many countries, because of their ease of use and adaptability. These locks offer a simple and secure alternative to traditional key-based entry, making them an attractive choice for both residential and commercial properties. Nevertheless, it is essential to acknowledge the potential security threats that come with any new technology. The security of smart-locks is particularly critical, as a breach could result in unauthorized entry. Since the smart-locks can connect, there are different ways to check if vulnerabilities can be found easily or on the contrary, if the security level is high. Two of the main ways of checking the security level of this kind of IoT device are the information that can be obtained from the Android application and the security level of the Bluetooth connection. Many vulnerabilities can be found in the Android smart lock management application. This application is very useful to perform all the configurations with such a lock, but if it is not properly implemented and secured, it can provide clues for malicious users to perform unauthorized access to the system. Another security factor is the Bluetooth connection. This ensures that only authorized users have access to the property. In this work, we have analyzed the security level of different parts of smart-locks. In particular, we have analyzed the security of the applications for the most important smart-locks on the market. This study reveals relevant information such as whether the application is obfuscated or not, the encryption algorithm for the Bluetooth connection, or relevant URLs that applications use to connect to the cloud. The security of the Bluetooth connection between the smartphone application and two selected smart-locks was also analyzed. It was demonstrated that if no encryption is used for the Bluetooth connection, the smart-lock is not secure, but if AES encryption is used, the security level is high.
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Sompie, Sherwin, and Meita Rumbayan. "An Internet of Things system for measuring parameter of Photovoltaic Panel." ICONIET PROCEEDING 2, no. 3 (2019): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33555/iconiet.v2i3.35.
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Internet of Things (IoT) system is developing at an impressive rate nowadays. It iscapable of performing machine-to-machine communication, cloud connection, datamanagement and collection simultaneously. In this paper, the authors have designed an IoTsystem in a Photovoltaic (PV) panel with real time current and voltage measurement, cloudconnection capability and measurement storage function into an IoT server. The graphical datastored allows evaluation of the PV Panel’s overall performance. Our IoT systems were poweredwith Arduino-based microcontroller paired with current and voltage sensor, as well as WIFIwireless communications system and Bluetooth module. We paired our system with an androidsmartphone to display the data and stored it into the Blynk server. Blynk is a cloud-based IoTcapable of controlling and storing data for Arduino-based microcontrollers over Wi-Fi orEthernet connection. In our experiment for 50WP PV panel, we were able to store the parameterfor over one week measurement ,that give us enough data to get the PV performance.
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Savitha, A. C., Kumar KM Madhu, Lavanya, Prerana M, K. Monisha, and Nayak Padmini. "Integrated IOT Based Smart Notice Board." Journal of Scholastic Engineering Science and Management (JSESM), A Peer Reviewed Universities Refereed Multidisciplinary Research Journal 4, no. 5 (2025): 38–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15393522.
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The Wireless Smart Notice Board using Arduino and IoT is an innovative project designed to modernize the traditional notice board by enabling remote communication and dynamic message display. This system leverages Arduino microcontroller technology, Bluetooth connectivity, and IoT principles to offer a user-friendly and efficient platform for message dissemination in schools, offices, hospitals, and public spaces.The core components of the project include the DHT11 Humidity and Temperature Sensor module, the HC-05 Bluetooth module, a JHD 16x2 Character LCD Display, USB A-B cable, and male-to-male jumper wires for circuit connections. The DHT11 sensor measures environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity, which are displayed alongside messages to provide real-time contextual information. The HC-05 Bluetooth module facilitates wireless communication between a smartphone or computer and the Arduino Uno microcontroller, enabling users to update the notice board content remotely. The JHD 16x2 LCD serves as the display interface, showing the messages and sensor data clearly and efficiently.The system operates seamlessly by pairing a Bluetooth-enabled device with the HC-05 module. A custom application or terminal software is used to send textual data to the Arduino, which processes the input and updates the display on the LCD module. The integration of the DHT11 sensor enhances the functionality by offering additional insights into the surrounding environment, which can be particularly useful in settings like hospitals or laboratories. The USB A-B cable is used for programming the Arduino, while jumper wires ensure secure connections among components.This wireless smart notice board minimizes manual intervention and eliminates the need for printed notices, making it environmentally friendly and cost-effective. Its modular design ensures scalability, allowing future enhancements such as Wi-Fi connectivity, advanced display modules, or integration with cloud platforms for centralized control. Overall, the project demonstrates a practical application of Arduino and IoT technologies, promoting automation, sustainability, and convenience in modern communication system
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A., Geetha, Rajagopal Sneha, B. Soundariya, and Khan N. Shahanaz. "An IOT based solution for Road Accidents." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 3 (2018): 921–26. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd11158.
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Nowadays the vehicle accident rate has been increasing as compared to the previous decade. This system proposes a solution to minimize the action time after an accident. It has the capability of ensuring the driver's safety along with the co passengers and can easily be integrated with the car. The vehicle is connected to a hardware device that detects the collision with the help of a vibration sensor. The hardware device also consists of a fire sensor that senses fire breakouts. It communicates with an application in the Smartphone through Zigbee Bluetooth whenever collision or fire is sensed. If the driver doesn't want to communicate any information, he can cancel using the reset switch. Once the Bluetooth connection is established, the application would track and communicate the victim's GPS location along with the patient's entire medical report to their companions as well as the nearest hospital through an SMS. The application also checks the availability of the blood in the nearest blood bank and sends a notification back as soon as the availability of blood is ensured. A. Geetha | Shahanaz Khan N | Sneha Rajagopal | Soundariya B "An IOT based solution for Road Accidents" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11158.pdf
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M. Abdellatif, Mohammad, and Walaa Mohamed. "Telemedicine: An IoT based Remote Healthcare System." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 16, no. 06 (2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v16i06.13651.
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This paper proposes a remote healthcare system which is referred to as Telemedicine. Telemedicine is a platform that estableshes a connection between the patient and the doctor. This platform belongs to the internet of medical things (IoMT) by enabling multiple medical sensors to connect to a server either using multiple communication technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or GSM technologies. The system collects data from several sensors and sends them using one of the aforementioned technologies using an Arduino Board, while the interface is made with matlab and C#. Additionally, a comparative study between the three communications technologies used to connect the medical sensors to the server is investigated. And a recommendation of the best suited technology is provided with regard to the nature of the application itself.
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Manuel, Fernando Quiñones, Patricio Pachar Bravo Hever, Martínez-Curipoma Javier, Quiñones Luis, and Torres Rommel. "Developing and evaluation of an IoT mobile gateway for 4G LTE networks." Enfoque UTE 11, no. 4 (2020): 16–26. https://doi.org/10.29019/enfoqueute.v11n4.634.
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The current trend is to connect everything to network to be monitored and controlled remotely through own concept IoT technologies. One of the problems is to connect the devices to a network, using technologies with sufficient coverage and capacity, so this article shows the development of a mobile gateway for IoT applications under the Android platform evaluated in 4G mobile networks. The IoT mobile gateway sends the data collected from sensors by selecting the MQTT and HTTP protocols, to IoT platforms on the Internet. The architecture is composed of temperature, luminosity and pressure sensors that are integrated into a sensor node which function is for data collection, processing and then via Bluetooth is sent to an Android smartphone where an application that performs the mobile gateway function is running, here data network are sent through the 4G LTE network to the IoT platforms of Ubidots and Watson IoT. Subsequently, tests were carried out with various metrics such as latency, energy consumption and connection costs. It concludes that IoT mobile gateway has better performance under MQTT protocol compared to HTTP.
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Fitriyan, Rahmawati, Muhammad Imran Hamid, and Abdul Rajab. "Use of IoT Technology in Home Security Monitoring Systems." Andalas Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology 4, no. 1 (2024): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ajeeet.v4i1.111.
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Utilizing IoT technology in home security monitoring systems offers an effective solution to improve energy efficiency and security by allowing users to monitor and control electronic devices remotely via the Internet. The basic principles of a smart home include reliable connectivity, device interoperability, stringent security and privacy, and energy efficiency. IoT communications are supported by technologies such as RFID and Wi-Fi to ensure effective wireless data transmission. IoT facilitates connecting new devices without additional installation, using technologies such as Wi-Fi, Barcodes (QR codes), and Bluetooth for various applications. The application of IoT in home security monitoring involves platforms such as Blynk and web servers for remote control, with a focus on data protection and system security. This paper compiles various research and conference-related aspects of IoT, including privacy, educational guidelines, system characterization, innovative grid communications, bridge monitoring, RFID authentication, Wi-Fi technology, Bluetooth communications, smart home applications, and security systems. Topics covered include energy monitoring systems, smart home security, earthquake detection, IoT privacy and security, automation, edge intelligence, and Internet of Things architecture.
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Tirth, Thoria, Vadhiya Vivek, Vora Krupal, Rathod Santosh, and Bhelande Manish. "Smart & Secure 2FA Security System." Recent Trends in Information Technology and its Application 5, no. 1 (2022): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6529967.
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<em>IoT based smart systems are found in abundance in today’s society. Most electronics and household smart appliances are nowadays utilising some or the other form of IoT components. Internet of Everything is a recent concept that means a connection of people, processes, data and things. ESP32 is a system on a chip microcontroller with integrated Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth and enables one to connect to the internet via Wi-Fi. Using this microcontroller, as well as some traditional security components provided by IoT, a smart and secure security system can be created that can have a wide range of use cases. This system also integrates an RFID reader to make a two-factor authentication security system. RFID based authentication allows the system to have a unique user recognition system to provide an extra layer of security.</em>
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Cao, Yue, Zaixin Liu, and Longyu Wu. "Bluetooth Low Energy Error Correction Based on Convolutional Coding." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2093, no. 1 (2021): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2093/1/012033.
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Abstract Contemporarily, the Internet of Things (IoT) is recently a newly emerging technology for connecting small devices into a platform; the IoT has been an increasingly demanded front-edge technology in terms of connecting different devices using information transmission and storage technology. To adapt to the small capacities of device batteries, Bluetooth Low Energy is adopted as the protocol of communication. However, the existing standards do not have a suitable and specific error correction method. As there is no ideal information transmission channel, there must be errors that occurred during message transmission. The performance and capacity of error correction become decisive factors in evaluating how efficient the IoT communication system performs. This article uses convolutional coding—a better-performing coding scheme than block coding—to correct errors in information transmission and reception on Internet of Things devices. It is better competent to control and correct bit errors in information transmission. To achieve this goal, convolutional coding algorithms devised by Dr Justin Coon at the University of Oxford have been referred to. By simulation using MATLAB, it has been found that the error rate is enhanced significantly for high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in convolutional codes compared to uncoded messages.
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Navnitrai Dave, Chetan, and Mallika Ravi. "REVIEW PAPER-TRENDS IN PAIRING IN WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY." International Journal of Advanced Research 12, no. 01 (2024): 1083–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/18227.
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Pairing research has been conducted since the invention of Bluetooth. Today, tethering is also used in IOT. Bonding has a lot to do with security. The global IoT market size will grow from USD 399.41 billion in 2022 to USD 486.7 billion in 2023 at a compound growth rate (CAGR) of 21.9%. The IoT market in India is projected to reach $27.31 billion in revenue by 2023. Industrial IoT dominates the market and is projected to reach a market size of USD 9.67 billion by 2023. Revenues are expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR 2023-2028) of 17.05%. The global Bluetooth 5 market exceeded USD 4.1 billion in 2022 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 11.0% during the forecast period 2022-2027 to reach more than USD 7.0 billion by 2027. The India wireless speaker market is expected to reach USD 271.32 million in 2023 and will grow at a CAGR of 21.20% to reach $709.56 million by 2028. In short, growth projections are quite high, so security considerations are very important. I looked at 100 papers in this review and categorized them below. 11 papers on attacks 8 papers on security against attacks 32 papers on new algorithms, new architectures and systems 14 papers on evaluation of the current connection method. Their components 15 papers on proposals for existing coupling techniques, 20 papers on existing coupling techniques. Objectives of this review are study of how an attack can be simulated on pairing and how to simulate defensive mechanisms.
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Herpendi, Herpendi, Veri Julianto, Khairul Anwar Hafizd, and Rabini Sayyidati. "IOT Based Smart Lamp for Efficient Usage of Electrical Energy." Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi 19, no. 2 (2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/logic.v19i2.1277.
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The government is proclaiming the electrical energy saving campaign in order to raise the people’s awareness of its importance. The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM Ministry) of the Republic of Indonesia stated that a year of energy saving equals to the amount of saving Rp43.000.000.000.000,00 (forty three trillion rupiah) of money, which is also equal to a construction of electric steam power plant with the capacity of 3.500 megawatts (MW). One of the programs that has been encouraged by the government is the 'turn off the light' campaign. Turning off lights is a simple but often neglected thing. Apart from the limited awareness to save the energy for a better future, people are often too busy to do it. In 2015, Taruna built an Arduino Micro-controller based light control system using Android smartphone to provide ease, specifically for physically disabled and elderly. The shortcomings of this system are that the lights cannot be turned on and off automatically (smart) with timer and it can only be controlled at close range (bluetooth). Development of technology with the internet guide can easily help human, and thus, this research aims to improve the system with the time control (timer) and close range control (bluetooth) as well as the long range using SMS and internet. The system is built with the prototype model that incude the communication, fast planning, fast prototype designing and building, system submission and feedback. The result of this system building is that the light can be controlled using bluetooth and also provide a faster response time; less than a second (as well as the timer). The light can also be controlled from a long range using the internet connection, giving a response time between 14 to 17 seconds. When a light control command occurs, the SMS notification is sent to the cell phone of the user. Using this system, the light can be controlled correctly in order to conveniently give the user effectivity and efficiency in electrical energy usage.
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Hayaty, Mardhiya, and Ade Rufaidah Mutmainah. "IoT-Based electricity usage monitoring and controlling system using Wemos and Blynk application." Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Komputer 7, no. 4 (2019): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jtsiskom.7.4.2019.161-165.
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This study aims to apply the Internet of Things (IoT) technology to control electronic devices and monitor the electrical power usage remotely via the Internet. The system was implemented using Wemos D1, ACS712 current sensor, relay, and the Blynk application as the system interface on the smartphone. The system used an average of 0.4-3.3 seconds to respond to commands from the Blynk application via a Wifi connection at a distance of 50-1000 meters and the device control and power monitoring system can function properly. The system response time was not affected by distance. This system with Wifi access can be an alternative to control devices and monitor their power usage in addition to a longer time of SMS access and shorter range of Bluetooth.
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Wahjudi, Dody, Akhmad Fatkhi Rahmawan, Kholistianingsih Wahjudi, and Isra’ Nuur Darmawan. "DESIGNING A MOTORCYCLE SECURITY SYSTEM WITH INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) AND BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY USING NODEMCU." Journal of Electronic and Electrical Power Applications 3, no. 1 (2023): 130–37. https://doi.org/10.58436/jeepa.v3i1.1487.
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The increase in motorcycle sales means that almost all people in the community can own a motorcycle, but if the development is not balanced with a security system, the theft rate becomes very high. Because in general, motorcycles use conventional locks that are easily damaged by thieves using a T lock. In this study, a motorcycle security system was created that combines Internet of Things technology with Bluetooth technology and is equipped with GPS (Global Positioning System).The microcontroller used is NodeMCU, the application of IoT and Bluetooth media and GPS is used for communication between the device and the Android Smartphone application. For its output using a relay module, the relay functions to turn on/off the contacts and motorcycle horn by giving commands through the application as a data sender. The GPS module will provide data on the coordinates of the motorcycle's location which is displayed on the GPS application of the tool.After testing the entire system, both applications and a series of components have different responses. IoT media has a response that depends on the internet connection used. the response of turning on the contact is 0.89 seconds and the horn is 0.89 seconds, turning off the contact is 0.84 seconds and the horn is 1.05 seconds. The bluetooth media response is turning on the contact which is 0.94 and the horn is 0.42 seconds, turning off the contact is 0.69 seconds and the horn is 1.10 seconds. In the GPS system, the difference in distance between the GPS device and the GPS smartphone is 2.67 meters.
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Hemant, Sonawane. "Home Automation Life is One Click away from being better." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 4, no. 3 (2020): 349–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3892666.
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Internet of Things IoT is augmentation of modern day internet to give communication, connection, and interconnectivity between different gadgets or physical articles otherwise called Things . The term IoT gives us a simple idea about the ability of system of gadgets to detect and gather information from our general surroundings, and sends that information over the Web where it can be processed and used for different purposes. In the simplest of terms automation means ‘to auto’ thus avoiding manual interface with the machine or. In simpler words automation means ‘control without direct interference’. Home the place where human beings dwell is the second important part of this paper. Home automation is playing a vital role in today’s lifestyle. Day by day the use of home automation is increasing. GSM, Bluetooth, WIFI, IOT etc. are the various technologies used for home automation such as. From anywhere and anytime it is possible to control home appliances like fan, lights, TV, A C etc. and due to this it is widely used throughout the world. For outdoor control we have used GSM technology and Bluetooth module for indoor control. This system is useful for old aged people and handicapped. For security purpose Fingerprint sensor is used. Hemant Sonawane "Home Automation: Life is One Click away from being better" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30431.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30431/home-automation-life-is-one-click-away-from-being-better/hemant-sonawane
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Bathe, Manasi. "IOT Based Patient Health Monitoring System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (2022): 1989–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45633.
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Abstract: Patients are facing a problematic situation of unforeseen demise due to the specific reason of heart problems and attack which is because of non existence of good medical maintenance to patients at the needed time. This is for specially monitoring old age patients and informing doctors and loved ones. So, we are proposing an innovative project to dodge such sudden death rates by using Patient Health Monitoring that uses sensor technology and uses the internet to communicate to the doctor in case of problems. This system uses temperature, heartbeat,ECG, Saline-level sensor for tracking patient’s health. These sensors are connected to the Arduino-uno. The patient health is tracked with the controller which is in turn interfaced to an LCD display, bluetooth and WI-FI connection to send the data to the web-server (Thinkspeak).In case of any abrupt changes in patient heart-rate or body temperature alert is sent about the patient using IoT. This system also shows patients temperature ,saline level and heartbeat tracked live data with timestamps over the internetwork. Thus, a Patient health monitoring system based on IoT uses the internet to effectively monitor patient health and helps the user monitor themselves.
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Tsvetanov, F., I. Georgieva, and M. Pandurski. "Topology influence on the radio communication range of sensor networks." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 2, no. 1 (2020): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v2i1.37.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) applications use wireless technologies in order to establish Internet connection. Communication technologies such as Wi-Fi, cellular, ZigBee, Bluetooth, etc. are used to transfer data in IoT. The choice of the appropriate technology or combination of technologies depends on the type of application, its characteristics, user requirements, and other factors such as communication range, security requirements, battery life, etc. In our project, we will focus on Star, Cluster and Mesh wireless topologies, conduct comparative analysis between them, and testing different XBee devices with specialized software. The experiments are connected to the quality of the transferred data using different XBee devices and how this will affect the transmission range. The results of our research show that in terms of the range and quality of packet transmission, the cluster topology shows the best results.
 
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Khadam, Zahraa Maki, Abbas Abdulazeez Abdulhameed, and Ahmed Hammad. "Enhancing Meditation Techniques and Insights Using Feature Analysis of Electroencephalography (EEG)." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 35, no. 1 (2024): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v35i1.1457.
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Through a Bluetooth connection between the Muse 2 device and the meditation app, leveraging IoT capabilities. The methodology encompasses data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, and model training, all while utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) functionalities. The Muse 2 device records EEG data from multiple electrodes, which is then processed and analyzed within a mobile meditation platform. Preprocessing steps involve eliminating redundant columns, handling missing data, normalizing, and filtering, making use of IoT-enabled techniques. Feature extraction is carried out on EEG signals, utilizing statistical measures such as mean, standard deviation, and entropy. Three different models, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), are trained using the preprocessed data, incorporating Internet of Things (IoT) based methodologies. Model performance is assessed using metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, highlighting the effectiveness of IoT-driven techniques. Notably, the MLP and Random Forest models demonstrate remarkable accuracy and precision, underlining the potential of this IoT-integrated approach. Specifically, the three models achieved high accuracies, with Random Forest leading at 0.999, followed by SVM at 0.959 and MLP at 0.99. This study not only contributes to the field of brain-computer interfaces and assistive technologies but also showcases a viable method to seamlessly integrate the Muse 2 device into meditation practices, promoting self-awareness and mindfulness with the added power of IoT technology.
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Giusto, Edoardo, Filippo Gandino, Michele Greco, Michelangelo Grosso, Bartolomeo Montrucchio, and Salvatore Rinaudo. "An Investigation on Pervasive Technologies for IoT-based Thermal Monitoring." Sensors 19, no. 3 (2019): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030663.
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Indoor thermal monitoring is a crucial requirement for home automation, which fits inside the ever-growing Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. The IoT ecosystem aims at connecting every device exploiting specific functions, deployed in a particular place, in order to give the chance to the users to monitor and/or control some aspects of their life, or to demand this task to a proper software. In the thermal monitoring context, IoT provides new opportunities for a dense and/or large-scale distribution of sensors, which have to gather data in order to effectively control the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. Several wireless technologies can be exploited for this scope. However, they involve different benefits and drawbacks. In particular, this study is focused on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Bluetooth®, which represent two well-known wireless technological standards used by commercial electronics but suitable also for pervasive IoT systems. These technologies are discussed and compared from several points of view, i.e., flexibility, reliability, battery life and cost of the system. A theoretical analysis highlights their benefits for the application context and evaluates their suitability to dense and large-scale monitoring systems. The theoretical results are supported by an experimental analysis based on the implementation and test of two different systems, one using RFID and the other using Bluetooth technology.
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Prof., S. S. Mhaske*1 Rupali J. Nirmal2 Dr. C. M. Jadhao3 &. Prof. P. S. Nimat3. "REVIEW PAPER ON HOME AUTOMATION AND SECURITY USING IOT." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES [NC-Rase 18] (November 15, 2018): 55–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1488701.
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Home Automation and security is essential for occupants‘ convenience and protection. This paper aims at automating home appliances and providing sensor based security using Wi-Fi protocol. There are many protocols for communication and data transfer like Zig Bee, Bluetooth, Z-wave and GSM but all these have range issues so here we are using internet for data uploading. This paper sheds the light on implementation of home automation and security system using raspberry pi kit, pi camera and different sensors like gas, ultrasonic, motion, etc. This paper analyses the feasibility, reliability, preciseness and lacunas of this home security system using IoT. IOT offers very large potential for development of various types of automation, this paper also deals with the design and implementation of Raspberry pi based home automation and security using IOT concept. Home security can be enhance by monitoring home through different sensors and cameras, it all can be visible on mobile too. This home appliance and security system differs from other system by allowing the user to operate the system from anywhere around the world through internet connection. The interfaces built into its GPIO connector make it easy to bolt on modules using simple low cost electronics and bit of configuration to create very functional system.
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Osman Zahid, Muhammed Nafis, and Loh Jit Hao. "A Study on Obstacle Detection For IoT Based Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV)." MEKATRONIKA 4, no. 1 (2022): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/mekatronika.v4i1.7534.
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In modern manufacturing industry context, Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) are mobile robots used in aiding the process of material handling from one point to a desired location in the workplace. Development on AGVs is a trending discussion among researchers due to its wide usage and the implementation of the Industrial 4.0. The performance of the AGVs is one of the spotlight issues in order to compete with the rising technologies and demanding workload in the industry. Current concern on obstacle detection in AGVs has become more subjective due to the uprising issue on the congested environment in the workplace. Therefore, an IoT system is developed to allow a flexible wireless communication among mobile robots in an indoor industrial environment. An AGV prototype is designed for obstacle detection and the performance is analyzed. In order to improve obstacle detection in the AGV prototype, Kalman Filtering (KF) algorithm is used in the signal filtering for the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor data acquisition. Furthermore, the communication verification is diagnosed for the Wi-Fi connection broadcast traffic and network latency. The study produced several significant results related to obstacle detection of AGV with IoT based technology. Experiment results show the vehicle movement reaction in dealing with obstacles. Next, the KF programming algorithm managed to diminish the measurement noise including the Main bang and flaw echo of the ultrasonic sensor. Moreover, the IoT system allows ease of accessibility and user-friendly GUI. Results proved that Wi-Fi is a reliable communication medium in obstacle detection and is comparable to ZigBee and Bluetooth connection. The communication delay for wireless connectivity on the AGV prototype surpassed the requirements of latency test, which is less than 20 ms. The research concludes that the IoT-based AGV prototype is competent and reliable in handling the obstacle detection in fixed route with indoor environment workplace.
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Băjenescu, Titu-Marius I. "INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) CONQUERS THE WHOLE GLOBE." Journal of Social Sciences IV, no. 2 (2021): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/jss.utm.2021.4(2).11.
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The article examines the market for connected objects, which is gradually taking its place in the global economy. Autonomous cars, smartphones, video surveillance, connected objects are already present in our daily lives. However, it is in industry that the Internet of Things has developed the most. The Internet of Things, or IoT, is a concept defining the extension of the Internet to physical objects. This includes not only the connected objects, but also the sensors, software and network through which these objects operate. All connected objects are powered by software, which collects data - that are then processed in the cloud. They are, therefore, programmed and programmable objects that can interact via a WiFi, Bluetooth or 4G connection. Connected objects can be found in two main applications: an industrial application and an everyday application. In the industrial sector, connected objects are very well established in various sectors of activity: automotive, aeronautics, agriculture, health, commerce, public sector, logistics, etc. Everyday applications, known as consumer applications, are struggling to develop despite the announced Eldorado. Even though many connected everyday objects exist (toothbrushes, hoovers, watches, home automation, etc.), the business model is having trouble being set up and connected objects are having trouble proving their usefulness in everyday life. There needs to be consistency and logic in the range of connected products on offer and not just a range of independent products.
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Afandy, Moh, Muhammad Ikbal Rianto, and Muhammad Farhan Putra P. "Bluetooth-based Heart Rate and Oxygen Saturation Monitoring System HC-05 Based on IoT." Jambura Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 7, no. 1 (2025): 48–54. https://doi.org/10.37905/jjeee.v7i1.27447.
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The purpose of this study was to design a heart rate and oxygen saturation measuring device using the reflectance method that is in accordance with standardized devices and connected to the application via a Bluetooth connection with a reporting system for measurement results that have abnormal heart performance. This study uses a design method with the use of the Max30100 sensor as the main component of this device. Based on the results of testing the sensor components of the device in testing the level of heart performance in the form of heart rate and oxygen saturation with the reflectance method in testing with a comparative device in the form of a fingertip pulse oximeter, an average error percentage of 1.73% and a measurement accuracy of 98.38% was obtained. Testing with a similar comparative device was carried out by the Smart Y68, an average error percentage of 1.73% and a measurement accuracy of 98.27%. As for testing the device with respondents, the results showed that 2/5 of the samples had a healthy heart performance level but required attention to their heart rate, namely samples A2 and A4. The design embedded a location reporting system from the use of the remote system application. The location tracking results obtained an error value of 0.002192% with an average percentage error in latitude of 0.0043% and an average percentage error in longitude of 0.000084%.Tujuan penelitian ini merancang alat pengukur detak jantung dan saturasi oksigen menggunakan metode reflectance yang sesuai dengan alat yang terstandarisasi dan terhubung pada aplikasi melalui koneksi bluetooth dengan adanya sistem pelaporan terhadap hasil pengukuran yang memiliki kinerja jantung yang abnormal. Penelitian ini menggunakan menggunakan metode rancang bangun dengan penggunaan sensor Max30100 sebagai komponen utama pada alat ini. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian komponen sensor alat dalam pengujian tingkat kinerja jantung berupa detak jantung dan saturasi oksigen dengan metode reflectance pada pengujian dengan alat pembanding berupa pulse oxymeter fingertip didapatkan rerata persentase error sebesar 1,73% dan akurasi pengukuran sebesar 98,38%. Pengujian dengan alat pembanding serupa dilakukan Smart Y68 didapatkan rata-rata persetanse error 1,73% dan akurasi pengukuran sebesar 98,27%. Adapun pengujian alat dengan responden didapatkan hasil bahwa dari 2/5 dari sampel memiliki tingkat kinerja jantung yang sehat tapi memerlukan perhatian pada detak jantung, yaitu sampel A2 dan A4. Dalam rancangan disematkan sematkan sistem pelaporan lokasi dari penggunaan aplikasi sistem jarak jauh. Hasil pelacakan lokasi didapatkan nilai error sebesar 0,002192% dengan rata-rata persentase error pada latitude sebesar 0,0043% dan rata-rata persentase error pada longitude sebesar 0,000084%.
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Nelwan, Allan, Pinrolinvic Manembu, Alfrets Wauran, Franky Manoppo, and Calvin Mamahit. "Wireless Residential Electric Controller Using Arduino Uno and Bluetooth Module HC-05." JURNAL EDUNITRO Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Elektro 3, no. 1 (2023): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53682/edunitro.v3i1.5408.
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This research aims to design electrical installations in residential homes that apply Internet of Things (IoT) technology. An Arduino Uno mini system is the controller whose interface uses the HC-05 Bluetooth module. At the same time, the control uses a cellphone with the Android operating system. The design is based on a research development model, but it is not fully standardized by development research because there are some limitations to the problem. The focus is only on tool design, namely planning, manufacturing, and testing the resulting tool or device. The design results obtained an electrical installation control device with an Android phone. The device is capable of connecting and disconnecting load points remotely and automatically. The control distance is approximately 20 meters according to the Bluetooth specifications used.
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Labib, Mostafa, Atef Ghalwash, Sarah Abdulkader, and Mohamed Elgazzar. "Networking solutions for connecting bluetooth low energy devices - a comparison." MATEC Web of Conferences 292 (2019): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929202003.
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The Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is an attractive solution for implementing low-cost, low power consumption, short-range wireless transmission technology and high flexibility wireless products, which working on standard coin-cell batteries for years. The original design of BLE is restricted to star topology networking, which limits network coverage and scalability. In contrast, other competing technologies like Wi-Fi and ZigBee overcome those constraints by supporting different topologies such as the tree and mesh network topologies. This paper presents a part of the researchers’ efforts in designing solutions to enable BLE mesh networks and implements a tree network topology which is not supported in the standard BLE specifications. In addition, it discusses the advantages and drawbacks of the existing BLE network solutions. During analyzing the existing solutions, we highlight currently open issues such as flooding-based and routing-based solutions to allow end-to-end data transmission in a BLE mesh network and connecting BLE devices to the internet to support the Internet of Things (IoT). The approach proposed in this paper combines the default BLE star topology with the flooding based mesh topology to create a new hybrid network topology. The proposed approach can extend the network coverage without using any routing protocol.
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Opirskyy, Ivan, Roman Holovchak, Iryna Moisiichuk, Tetyana Balianda, and Sofiia Haraniuk. "PROBLEMS AND SECURITY THREATS TO IOT DEVICES." Cybersecurity: Education, Science, Technique 3, no. 11 (2021): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2663-4023.2021.11.3142.
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The Internet of Things or IoT is billions of physical devices connected to the Internet. Its main premise is simply an extended type of connection, which can then be used as a basis for all kinds of functions. IoT describes a network of physical objects - "things" that are built into sensors, software and other technologies to connect and communicate with other devices and systems over the Internet. Problems of system protection, including the use of IoT devices are studied by many scientists and specialists in this field, but in today's world, not every manufacturer is ready to declare vulnerabilities and general insecurity of their products (devices). Throughout the IoT environment, from manufacturers to users, there are still many IoT security issues, such as manufacturing standards, update management, physical hardening, user knowledge and awareness. This article examines the vulnerabilities of the Internet of Things. The analysis of information transfer technologies of IoT devices (in particular ZigBee, Signfox and Bluetooth) is carried out. The most common threats that a user may encounter have been identified and analyzed. It is also established that usually not only the manufacturer poses a threat to the security of IoT devices. There are also a number of tips for users who want to reduce the risk of data leakage associated with vulnerabilities in the Internet of Things. Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for such devices to be incorrectly set up, used and stored. Extremely common is the user's refusal to update the software, which in turn leaves open those vulnerabilities that the manufacturer is trying to fix. The main purpose of the article is to determine the causes of security threats to the Internet of Things, by analyzing data transmission technologies, analysis of the threats themselves, identifying the most critical of them and ways to reduce the risk of data theft
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Pradana, Nabil Angger, and Eddy Nurraharjo. "Rancang Bangun Prototipe Alat Keamanan Penjarahan pada Truk Bermuatan dengan menggunakan Sensor Pir Berbasis Arduino dan IoT." Jurnal JTIK (Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi) 7, no. 3 (2023): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35870/jtik.v7i3.933.
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Looting is a serious crime that threatens the safety and integrity of the truck's cargo, which can lead to financial loss and even threaten the safety of the driver and crew. To overcome this problem, this study focuses on developing a theft warning system using advances in Internet of Things (IoT) technology and smart devices. The prototype was built using a highly sensitive PIR sensor as a motion detector around the truck. The data from the PIR sensor is then processed by the Arduino Uno, which acts as the brains of the system, and through the HC-05 Bluetooth connection, alarm and vibration messages are transmitted to the user's smartphone drive. This allows drivers to react quickly and be on the lookout for or notify authorities of the possibility of looting. With the successful development of this alarm system, it is hoped that it can improve the level of security in the trucking industry and reduce the risk of cargo loss due to looting. Moreover, the success of this study also has a positive contribution to the application of IoT technology to improve safety in the field of transportation and logistics.
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Majchrowicz, Michał, and Mateusz Hufnagiel. "Management of IOT Devices in a Smart Home Through the Application of an Interactive Mirror." Image Processing & Communications 22, no. 4 (2017): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipc-2017-0020.
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Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) devices are big part of concept, which is called by electronic producers and many others Smart Home. Authors of this paper have decided to take a look at it and as a result of this analysis propose and implement (in a form of working prototype) a system that could manage different kinds of devices. The main objective of the project presented in this paper is a device that looks like a mirror and it is known to most people also is an interactive center, a place to obtain information of the devices that surround us and various parameters coming from sensors. Authors have prepared a prototype, that will be the central point of the apartment and will allow users to control all devices connected to this main system. Prototype allows to connect external sensors over GPIO (general purpose input/output) interface or Internet connection. There is also a possibility to add another communication interfaces such as 433MHz radio module, which is very cheap and works great in small areas or bluetooth module.
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Anas, N. M. Farsheena K. V. Layyina P. V. Mirshad K. T. Mofeeda K. M., and T. V. Sindhu. "IOV –INTERNET OF VEHICLES." International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Scientific Research, Vol.4,, Issue 1, Jan-2017, (2017): pp 65–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.546765.
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Internet of Things (IoT) is smartly changing various existing research areas into new themes including smart- phones, smart-health, smart-home, smart-industry and smart-transport. It is relying on the basis of ‘Smart-Transport’, Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is introducing as a new theme of research and development from Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs). This paper presents and proposes a comprehensive framework of IoV with emphasis on layered architecture, protocol stack, network model, challenges and future aspects. Specifically it following the background on evolution of VANETs and motivation on IoV, as a result an overview of IoV is presented as a heterogeneous vehicular networks. The IoV includes mainly five types of vehicular communications; namely, Vehicle-to-Vehicle, Vehicle to-Roadside, Vehicle-to-Infrastructure of cellular networks, Vehicle-to-Personal devices and Vehicle-to-Sensors. A five layered architecture of IoV is proposed considering functionalities and representations of each layer present in it. A protocol stack for the layered architecture is structured considering management, operational and security planes. Now a days, A network model of IoV is proposed based on the three network elements including cloud, connection and client. The benefits of the design and development of IoV are improved by performing a qualitative comparison between IoV and VANETs. Finally, the challenges ahead for realizing IoV are discussed and future aspects of IoV are envisioned.
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Miah, Shahajan, S. M. Rakib Raihan, Md Mahmudul Hasan Sagor, et al. "Rooftop Garden and Lighting Automation by the Internet of Things (IoT)." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 7, no. 1 (2022): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ej-eng.2022.7.1.2700.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) enables individuals to easily operate more than only digital things through the internet using a user-friendly GUI. The researchers are particularly interested in the use of IoT for household and industrial automation, as well as the monitoring of a variety of physical properties over the internet. This internet of things project showcased current system upgrades as well as creative solutions to specific issues. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology that allows for continuous monitoring of wirelessly linked objects by utilizing wireless sensor networks, nanostructures, and scalability.The Internet of Things is made up of many physical objects that connect with one another. It would allow users to approach numerous applications in unique ways, such as smart homes and smart agriculture, by enabling seamless connection between virtual and actual equipment, assuring dialogues at any time and from any location. The user may examine the status of any network resources.The IoT being used has its own network plan, allowing it to observe the state of embedded devices and take appropriate action by passing instructions regulating the objects via the web server utilizing Internet connections.This project aimed to create a rooftop home gardening facility capable of synchronizing the utility grid with a moisture sensor and a water pump. We were able to effectively build the central notion of the synchronization technique and connect it to a mobile device through Bluetooth. Several tweaks and trial and error tactics were utilized to make this one function. We have just shown the procedure of synchronizing and switching approaches in this study.
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Miah, Shahajan, S. M. Rakib Raihan, Md Mahmudul Hasan Sagor, et al. "Rooftop Garden and Lighting Automation by the Internet of Things (IoT)." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 7, no. 1 (2022): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2022.7.1.2700.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) enables individuals to easily operate more than only digital things through the internet using a user-friendly GUI. The researchers are particularly interested in the use of IoT for household and industrial automation, as well as the monitoring of a variety of physical properties over the internet. This internet of things project showcased current system upgrades as well as creative solutions to specific issues. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology that allows for continuous monitoring of wirelessly linked objects by utilizing wireless sensor networks, nanostructures, and scalability.The Internet of Things is made up of many physical objects that connect with one another. It would allow users to approach numerous applications in unique ways, such as smart homes and smart agriculture, by enabling seamless connection between virtual and actual equipment, assuring dialogues at any time and from any location. The user may examine the status of any network resources.The IoT being used has its own network plan, allowing it to observe the state of embedded devices and take appropriate action by passing instructions regulating the objects via the web server utilizing Internet connections.This project aimed to create a rooftop home gardening facility capable of synchronizing the utility grid with a moisture sensor and a water pump. We were able to effectively build the central notion of the synchronization technique and connect it to a mobile device through Bluetooth. Several tweaks and trial and error tactics were utilized to make this one function. We have just shown the procedure of synchronizing and switching approaches in this study.
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Gupta, K. Govardhani. "GSM Less Communication Over Long-Range Using LoRa (SX1278) Module." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 1 (2025): 172–77. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.66208.
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Communication is the key to establishing a connection between devices. The ability of devices to communicate with each other and provide required output according to user requirements is most important in today’s technology field. The most common communication is Zigbee, Wi-Fi, and others are short-range, and GSM is required. This leads to difficulties in deploying IoT solutions in areas without cellular (GPRS, EDGE,3G, LTE/4G) coverage and gross reduction in the battery life of devices. Thus, to provide better connection in all areas, we need low power, long range, and security to deploy. This is where LoRa comes in. LoRa (Long Range) is a wireless communication technology combining ultra-low power consumption with an effective long range. It ranges between 13-15 km which indicates that a single LoRa gateway can provide the entire coverage of the city, and with a couple of it, a whole country can be covered. This paper aims to provide you with the necessary knowledge to transmit messages across vast distances by utilizing Arduino boards, a duo of SX1278 LoRa Transceiver modules, a pair of HC05 or HC06 Bluetooth modules, and a pair of OLED screens.
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Anas, N. M1, K. V2 Farsheena, P. V3 Layyina, K. T4 Mirshad, K. M5 Mofeeda, and T. V. 6. Sindhu. "IOV –INTERNET OF VEHICLES." International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Scientific Research 4, no. 1 (2017): 65–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10774746.
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<strong>Abstract: </strong> Internet of Things (IoT) is smartly changing various existing research areas into new themes including smart- phones, smart-health, smart-home, smart-industry and smart-transport. It is relying on the basis of ‘Smart-Transport’, Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is introducing as a new theme of research and development from Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs). This paper presents and proposes a comprehensive framework of IoV with emphasis on layered architecture, protocol stack, network model, challenges and future aspects. Specifically it following the background on evolution of VANETs and motivation on IoV, as a result an overview of IoV is presented as a heterogeneous vehicular networks. The IoV includes mainly five types of vehicular communications; namely, Vehicle-to-Vehicle, Vehicle to-Roadside, Vehicle-to-Infrastructure of cellular networks, Vehicle-to-Personal devices and Vehicle-to-Sensors. A five layered architecture of IoV is proposed considering functionalities and representations of each layer present in it. A protocol stack for the layered architecture is structured considering management, operational and security planes. Now a days, A network model of IoV is proposed based on the three network elements including cloud, connection and client. The benefits of the design and development of IoV are improved by performing a qualitative comparison between IoV and VANETs. Finally, the challenges ahead for realizing IoV are discussed and future aspects of IoV are envisioned. <strong>Keywords</strong>: <strong> </strong>ZIGBEE, GSM, BLUETOOTH, ACCELEROMETER
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C. V, Abhishek. "A Groundbreaking Approach to Counter Blackhole Attacks in RPL." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 3 (2025): 2916–20. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.67961.
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By connecting our physical environment to computer-based systems, the Internet of Things (IoT) decreases human intervention and boosts productivity across a range of sectors, including manufacturing, smart cities, agriculture, automotive, and healthcare. Fitness tracking devices, Bluetooth, and near-field communications (NFC) are changing the Internet of Things environment and affecting many different types of enterprises. However, there are significant privacy hazards associated with the network of IoT devices, which emphasizes the need for reliable network security solutions and legal and secure data packet routing techniques. Additionally, IoT networks are susceptible to both internal and external attacks due to resource constraints, necessitating a careful review of safety assurance measures and enhancement of trust mechanisms, like the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL), to protect against blackhole intrusion while maintaining the functioning of the protocol. This research presents an enhanced mechanism for that using the Refined Optimal Trust Factor (ROTF) algorithm.
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Behmanesh, Ali, Nasrin Sayfouri, and Farahnaz Sadoughi. "Technological Features of Internet of Things in Medicine: A Systematic Mapping Study." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (July 27, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9238614.
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Nowadays, applications for the Internet of Things (IoT) have been introduced in different fields of medicine to provide more efficient medical services to the patients. A systematic mapping study was conducted to answer ten research questions with the purposes of identifying and classifying the present medical IoT technological features as well as recognizing the opportunities for future developments. We reviewed how cloud, wearable technologies, wireless communication technologies, messaging protocols, security methods, development boards, microcontrollers, mobile/IoT operating systems, and programming languages have been engaged in medical IoT. Based on specific inclusion/exclusion criteria, 89 papers, published between 2000 and 2018, were screened and selected. It was found that IoT studies, with a publication rise between 2015 and 2018, predominantly dealt with the following IoT features: (a) wearable sensor types of chiefly accelerometer and ECG placed on 16 different body parts, especially the wrist (33%) and the chest (21%) or implanted on the bone; (b) wireless communication technologies of Bluetooth, cellular networks, and Wi-Fi; (c) messaging protocols of mostly MQTT; (d) utilizing cloud for both storing and analyzing data; (e) the security methods of encryption, authentication, watermark, and error control; (f) the microcontrollers belonging to Atmel ATmega and ARM Cortex-M3 families; (g) Android as the commonly used mobile operating system and TinyOS and ContikiOS as the commonly used IoT operating systems; (h) Arduino and Raspberry Pi development boards; and finally (i) MATLAB as the most frequently employed programming language in validation research. The identified gaps/opportunities for future exploration are, namely, employment of fog/edge computing in storage and processing big data, the overlooked efficient features of CoAP messaging protocol, the unnoticed advantages of AVR Xmega and Cortex-M microcontroller families, employment of the programming languages of Python for its significant capabilities in evaluation and validation research, development of the applications being supported by the mobile/IoT operating systems in order to provide connection possibility among all IoT devices in medicine, exploiting wireless communication technologies such as BLE, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, NFC, and 5G to reduce power consumption and costs, and finally uncovering the security methods, usually used in IoT applications, in order to make other applications more trustworthy.
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Borić, Miran, Rebeca P. Díaz Redondo, and Ana Fernández Vilas. "Space Occupancy through BLE Dynamic Broadcasting." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (October 18, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2182614.
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Internet of Things (IoT) merges different technologies to provide the needed infrastructure for an adequate inter-device connection and data exchange, with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) being one of the latest acquisitions. The use of BLE beacons offers a straightforward approach to broadcast information to any device being in the coverage zone and able to process such signal. Instead of this static solution, in this paper, we face an alternative approach that, combining both Wi-Fi and BLE beacon technologies, is able to dynamically adapt the information being broadcast depending on the particular devices in the coverage area. Taking advantage of the beacon device communications, we propose to monitor the space occupancy throughout the study area (typically inside a building) by following the beacon device data exchange. This information would be later used to improve space analysis. As a proof of concept, we have conducted an experiment inside a faculty to check the potentiality of the proposal, obtaining promising results.