Dissertations / Theses: 'Bluetooth low energy'

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Lindberg, Johan. "Korsplattformskommunikation med Bluetooth Low Energy." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-43317.

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This project investigated the current market regarding wireless net and the communication between the tools used for diagnostics/maintenance and an embedded system. Based on documentation obtained through interviews a demo system was created based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication between an embedded system and an Android device. This report intends to describe the tools and methods used in the design of the demo system and the result of an analysis of the BLE communication. Bluetooth Low Energy is an exciting protocol with wide applicability within the industrial field. This project investigated the communicational possibilities between a Smartphone and a Raspberry Pi and based on the results that emerged the conclusion can be drawn that BLE is a protocol with many beneficial applications within industrial IT. Projektet undersökte dagens marknad gällande trådlösa nät samt kommunikation mellan verktyg som används för diagnostik/underhåll och ett inbyggt system. Utifrån underlaget som erhölls genom intervjuer har ett demosystem skapats som bygger på Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) kommunikation mellan ett inbyggt system och en Android-enhet. Denna rapport avser redogöra för de verktyg och metoder som använts för att konstruera ett demosystem samt resultatet av en analys av BLE-kommunikationen. Bluetooth Low Energy är ett spännande protokoll med stora tillämpningsmöjligheter inom industrin. Detta projekt har undersökt möjligheterna att kommunicera mellan en Smartphone och en Raspberry Pi och utifrån resultaten som uppkommit kan slutsatsen dras att BLE är ett protokoll som kan ha många och fördelaktiga tillämpningar inom Industriell IT.

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Darroudi, Seyed Mahdi. "Contributions to bluetooth low energy mesh networks." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669722.

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Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) has become a popular Internet of Things (IoT) technology. However, it was originally designed to only support the star topology. This PhD thesis investigates and evaluates different Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) mesh network approaches, including existing ones (such as the Bluetooth Mesh standard), and our own solution for IPv6-based BLE mesh networking (6BLEMesh). The thesis comprises 6 main contributions: 1.- A comprehensive survey on existing BLE mesh networking proposals and a taxonomy for BLE mesh network solutions. 2.- An energy consumption model for Bluetooth Mesh. The model allows to predict useful performance parameters, such as device average current consumption, device lifetime and energy efficiency, considering the impact of the most relevant Bluetooth Mesh parameters, i.e. PollTimeout and ReceiveWindow, as well as application parameters (e.g. the data interval for a sensor that periodically reports its readings). 3.- A new proposed IPv6-based BLE mesh networking IETF standard (in progress), called 6BLEMesh. After defining the characteristics and properties of 6BLEMesh, we evaluated it in terms of connectivity, latency, RTT, and energy consumption. 4.- For the connectivity evaluation of 6BLEMesh, we developed an analytical model that takes a set of network and scenario characteristics as inputs, and provides two main results: i) the probability of no isolation of a node, and ii) the k-connectivity of the considered network. We validated the model by simulation. 5.- An implementation, and an experimental evaluation, of 6BLEMesh. We built a three-node testbed consisting of all node types (i.e. 6LN, 6LR and 6LBR). We used three different popular commercial hardware platforms. We evaluated a number of performance parameters on the testbed, related with latency and energy consumption. Next, we characterized the current consumption patterns of the complete life cycle for different node types in the three-node testbed. We also evaluated the energy performance of a 6LN on three different platforms. We presented a 6LN current consumption model for different connInterval settings. To this end, we experimentally characterized each current consumption state in terms of its duration time and average current consumption value. We illustrated the impact of connInterval on energy performance. 6.- A comparison between Bluetooth Mesh and 6BLEMesh, in terms of protocol stack, protocol encapsulation overhead, end-toend latency, energy consumption, message transmission count, end-to-end reliability, variable topology robustness and Internet connectivity. Bluetooth Mesh and 6BLEMesh offer fundamentally different BLE mesh networking solutions. Their performance depends significantly on their parameter configuration. Nevertheless, the following conclusions can be obtained. Bluetooth Mesh exhibits slightly greater protocol encapsulation overhead than 6BLEmesh. Both Bluetooth Mesh and 6BLEMesh offer flexibility to configure per-hop latency. For a given latency target, 6BLEMesh offers lower energy consumption. In terms of message transmission count, both solutions may offer relatively similar performance for small networks; however, BLEMesh scales better with network size and density. 6BLEMesh approaches ideal packet delivery probability in the presence of bit errors for most parameter settings (at the expense of latency increase), whereas Bluetooth Mesh requires path diversity to achieve similar performance. Bluetooth Mesh does not suffer the connectivity gaps experimented by 6BLEMesh due to topology changes. Finally, 6BLEMesh naturally supports IP-based Internet connectivity, whereas Bluetooth Mesh requires a protocol translation gateway. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) ha esdevingut una tecnologia popular per a Internet of Things (loT). Ara bé, va ser originalment dissenyada per suportar només la topologia en estrella. Aquesta tesi doctoral investiga i avalua diferents alternatives de xarxa mesh BLE, incloent alternatives existents (com l'estandard Bluetooth Mesh), i la nostra propia solució basada en IPv6, 6BLEMesh. Aquesta tesi comprén 6 contribucions·principals: 1.- Una revisió exhaustiva de l'estat de l'art i una taxonomia de les xarxes mesh BLE. 2.- Un model de consum d'energia per Bluetooth Mesh. El model permet predir parametres de rendiment útils, tals com consum de corrent, temps de vida del dispositiu i eficiéncia energética, considerant !'impacte deis principals parametres de Bluetooth Mesh (PollTimeout i ReceiveWindow) i a nivell d'aplicació. 3.- Un nou estandard (en progrés) anomenat 6BLEMesh. Després de definir les característiques de 6BLEMesh, aquesta solució ha estat avaluada en termes de connectivitat, laténcia, RTT i consum d'energia. 4.- Per a l'avaluació de connectivitat de 6BLEMesh, hem desenvolupat un model analític que proporciona dos resultats principals: i) probabilitat de no arllament d'un node i ii) k-connectivitat de la xarxa considerada. Hem validat el model mitjani;:ant simulació. .- Una imP.lementació, i una avaluació experimental, de 6BLEMesh. S'ha construrt un testbed de tres nodes, que comprén 5tots els tipus de node principals (6LN, 6LR i 6LBR). S'han usat tres plataformes hardware diferents. S'han avaluat diversos parametres de rendiment en el testbed, relacionats amb laténcia i consum d'energia. A continuació, s'ha caracteritzat els patrons de consum de corren! d'un ciclde de vida complet per als diferents tipus de nodes en el testbed. També s'han avaluat les prestacions d'energia d'un 6LN en tres plataformes diferents. S'ha presenta! un model de consum de corren! d'un 6LN per a diferents valors de connlnterval. Per aquest fi, s'ha caracteritzat emplricament cada estat de consum de corrent en termes de la seva durada i consum de corrent. 6.- Una comparativa entre Bluetooth Mesh i 6BLEMesh, en termes de pila de protocols, overhead d'encapsulament de protocol, laténcia extrem a extrem, consum d'energia, nombre de missatges transmesos, fiabilitat extrem a extrem, robustesa davant de topologies variables, i connexió a Internet. Bluetooth Mesh i 6BLEMesh són solucions de BLE mesh networking fonamentalment diferents. Les seves prestacions depenen de la seva configuració de parametres. Ara bé, es poden extreure les següents conclusions. Bluetooth Mesh mostra un overhead d'encapsulament de protocol lleugerament superior al de 6BLEmesh. Tots dos, Bluetooth Mesh i 6BLEMesh, ofereixen flexibilitat per configurar la laténcia per cada salt. Per un target de laténcia doni¡it, 6BLEMesh ofereix un consum d'energia inferior. En termes de nombre de missatges transmesos, les dues solucions ofereixen prestacions relativament similars per a xarxes petites. Ara bé, 6BLEMesh escala millor amb la mida i la densitat de la xarxa. 6BLEMesh s'aproxima a una probabilitat d'entrega de paquets ideal en preséncia d'errors de bit (amb un increment en la laténcia), mentre que Bluetooth Mesh requereix diversitat de caml per assolir unes prestacions similars. Bluetooth Mesh no pateix els gaps de connectivitat que experimenta 6BLLEMesh a causa de canvis en la topología. Finalment, 6BLEMesh suporta de forma natural la connectivitat amb Internet basada en IP, mentre que Bluetooth Mesh requereix un gateway de traducció de protocols.

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Johansson, Mathias, and Mikael Karlsson. "Utvärdering av inomhuslokalisering med Bluetooth Low Energy." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26788.

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Wireless communication is becoming more common, a relatively new technology within the area is Bluetooth Low Energy. It’s been developed to be energy efficient and in regard to compatibility. Alongside the growth of wireless technology, scientists and companies are looking for new areas of use. One of these is localization, which means to determine the position of a moving device with the use of stationary devices, an example of this would be GPS.This report means to evaluate indoor localization using Bluetooth Low Energy and was made for Combitech AB in Jönköping. The purpose of the work was to determine with what accuracy and precision the position of a moving device could be estimated. The report will answer the following questions: With what accuracy and precision can the position of a device be determined within a test area of varying size using Bluetooth Low Energy? Is the accuracy and precision affected by the environment?The authors chose an inductive reasoning and therefore intended to answer the questions with the help of experimental studies. A system consisting of both software and hardware was developed and was then used to conduct multiple rounds of tests, where the size of the area and the environment was varied.By evaluating the data gathered from said tests and comparing it to theoretical studies and prior research credible results were obtained. The accuracy appears to decrease as the distance between the units is increased, however a deeper analysis shows that the difference is smaller below 500 cm. No correlation is found between environment and accuracy. When three stationary units, forming a triangle with 400 cm between the vertices, are used to determine the position of a fourth the achieved accuracy is 65 cm. During the tests the precision is not shown to decrease with distance, it seems to vary independently. However, as the environment is changed a noticeable difference is observed. In a gymnasium the standard deviation was calculated to 0.38 RSSIwhereas in an office environment it was 0.99 RSSI. In regard to the given results the authors conclude that Bluetooth Low Energy shows some potential for the use in indoor positioning systems. A possible scenario where the technology would be well suited would be when the units need to work of a coin cell battery for a large period of time, while the system must support multiple types of units and a rough estimation of the position is adequate. Trådlös kommunikation blir allt mer vanlig i vår vardag, en relativt ny teknik inom detta område är Bluetooth Low Energy som utvecklats med avseende på energieffektivitet och kompabilitet. Parallellt med den trådlösa teknikens spridning letar forskare, såväl som företag, efter nya användningsområden. En av dessa är lokalisering, vilket innebär att med fasta enheter avgöra rörliga enheters position, ett exempel på detta är GPS. Detta arbete handlar om att utvärdera inomhuslokalisering med Bluetooth Low Energy och gjordes på uppdrag av Combitech AB i Jönköping. Syftet var att undersöka med vilken noggrannhet och precision en rörlig enhets position kunde avgöras. Rapporten kommer att besvara följande frågeställningar: Med vilken noggrannhet och precision kan man med Bluetooth Low Energy avgöra en enhets position inom ett testområde med varierande storlek? Påverkas noggrannhet och precision av omgivningen?Författarna valde en induktiv metod och ämnade därför besvara frågeställningarna med hjälp av experimentella studier. Ett testsystem bestående av hård- samt mjukvara utvecklades varpå tester utfördes i flera omgångar, där storlek på område och omgivning varierades. Genom utvärdering av testdata i förhållande till teoretiska studier och tidigare forskning kunde trovärdiga resultat nås. Noggrannheten tycks minska då avståndet mellan enheter ökas, djupare analys pekar på en mindre förlust under 500 cm. Det observeras dock inget samband mellan noggrannhet och omgivning. Då tre fasta enheter placeras med ett inbördes avstånd på 400 cm kan positionen avgöras med 65 cm noggrannhet. Precisionen påverkas under testerna inte av avstånd, signalstyrkevärdena varierar helt oberoende av detta. Vid skifte av omgivning tydliggörs dock en markant skillnad i resultat. I en idrottshall beräknades standardavvikelsen till 0,38 RSSI medan den i en kontorsmiljö var 0,99 RSSI.Författarna drar utifrån det uppnådda resultat slutsatsen att Bluetooth Low Energy har viss potential att användas för inomhuslokalisering. Exempel på ett möjligt scenario där tekniken anses väl lämpad är då de fasta enheterna måste drivas av knappcellsbatterier under en lång tidsperiod, att systemet skall stödja en mängd olika enheter samt att en grov uppskattning av position är tillräcklig.

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Wang, Ping. "Bluetooth Low Energy - privacy enhancement for advertisement." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for telematikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26714.

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The aim of this project is to design, simulate, and implement a privacy enhancement protocol over BLE advertising channels. The design of the privacy enhancement is generic and modular. Due to the risk of privacy disclosure and device tracking by adversary, the main focus will be put on designing and implementing message confidentiality, replay prevention, and anti-tracking of device over BLE advertising channels. Bluetooth core specification 4.1 is used as baseline for design and implementation. In order to provide resistance against replay attacks and device tracking, this project has taken counter approach. It proposes a 3-way handshake protocol for nonce Rs deployment. There are two nonces Ra and Rs involved in the 3-way handshake protocol. The advertiser generates a nonce Ra as challenge sent to the scanner, which assures of freshness of the advertising session. Then the scanner generates a nonce Rs for advertising confidentiality and replay prevention. After the nonce Rs is deployed successfully from the scanner to the advertiser, the local counters Receiving (RX) and Transmitting (TX) on both sides are initialized to be Rs which protects all the following advertisement in the advertising session.To accommodate to open BLE advertising channels a handling mechanism of counter out-of-synchronization is given in system design. Moreover, to avoid unnecessary power consumption in the BLE devices then mitigation for Denial-of-service (DoS) is also proposed. In addition, advertising confidentiality, replay prevention, and antitracking of device have been simulated in Scyther and also been integrated into the code. The functional tests have been done in a realistic testing environment. The results show that the added functionalities work as designed.

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Englund, Albin, and Magnus Suther. "Bluetooth Low Energy som trådlös standard för hemautomation." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94581.

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Allmänheten har en stor efterfrågan av produkter inom området för hemautomation. Den senaste bluetoothstandarden Bluetooth Low Energy skapar nya möjligheter för intressanta produkter som underlättar vardagen. Lösningar som IR och Wi-Fi ger inte de förutsättningar som krävs för att på ett energisnålt och praktiskt sätt erbjuda sådana produkter, något som Bluetooth Low Energy gör. I denna rapport diskuteras standarden i syfte att redogöra för hur den kan användas för att automatisera ett hem. För detta examensarbete implementerades en strömbrytarprototyp och en iOS-applikation, vilka användes för att unders öka och påvisa ett koncept för hur tekniken kan tillämpas för hemautomation. Resultaten visar att teknikens räckvidd är dess främsta begränsning. Likaså visas hur signalstyrkan kan användas som en utlösande faktor för att styra en strömbrytare. Denna rapport redogör också för hur systemet uppnår interoperabilitet genom att implementera en utarbetad profil. The public has a great demand of products in the field of home automation. The latest Bluetooth standard, Bluetooth Low Energy creates new opportunities for interesting products that simplifies everyday life. Solutions such as infraredand Wi-Fi do not qualify for an energy efficient and practical way to o↵er such products, which Bluetooth Low Energy does. In this report, the standard is discussed in order to account for how it can be used to automate a home. For this thesis a power switch prototype and an iOSapplication where implemented, which where used to investigate and to demonstrate a concept for how the technology can be applied for home automation. Results shows that the range is the main limitation of the technology. It is also shown how the signal strength may be used as a trigger to control a power switch. This report also describes how the system achieves interoperability by implementing a custom profile.

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Zegeye, Wondimu K. "Exploiting Bluetooth Low Energy Pairing Vulnerability in Telemedicine." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/596383.

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ITC/USA 2015 Conference Proceedings / The Fifty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2015 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV Telemetry has potentially large contributions to future medical applications. In the past decade wireless devices have invaded the medical area with a wide range of capability as components of a wireless personal area network (WPAN) and Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). These applications in medical telemetry are not only improving the quality of life of patients and doctor-patient efficiency, but also enabling medical personnel to monitor patients remotely and give them timely health information, reminders, and support-potentially extending the reach of health care by making it available anywhere, anytime. This paper exploits the pairing vulnerability in Bluetooth Low energy (Bluetooth Smart) for HealthCare devices used in medical telemetry applications and demonstrates the key role security plays in telemetry.

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LINHARES, André Guedes. "Performance measurements and analysis of bluetooth low energy." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/19520.

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Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-12T13:37:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Master_Dissertation___Performance_Measurements_and_Analysis_of_Bluetooth_Low_Energy (8).pdf: 8669109 bytes, checksum: cb0af886f0cdc7babced229049a33535 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T13:37:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Master_Dissertation___Performance_Measurements_and_Analysis_of_Bluetooth_Low_Energy (8).pdf: 8669109 bytes, checksum: cb0af886f0cdc7babced229049a33535 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-17 The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm has been rapidly gaining ground in the academic and industry communities as one of the most important emerging technologies. Some wireless communication technologies such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) have been pointed as key technologies that will drive IoT applications. In order to leverage the BLE technology in IoT applications and identify the niche of applications this technology is more suitable, it is essential we have a deep understanding regarding some features such as link capacity, data transfer delay, connection establishment latency, and power consumption. This work evaluates the networking capabilities from BLE in scenarios of data transfer and connection establishment. The metrics maximum throughput, one-way delay, round-trip time, and connection establishment latency are evaluated through experimental measurements and we investigate how some factors (e.g. connection interval, pairing, packet size) impact on these metrics. Finally, this work proposes analytical models for the metrics investigated. O paradigma da Internet das Coisas (Internet of Things - IoT) tem recebido grande destaque tanto das comunidades científicas como da indústria nos últimos anos. Algumas tecnologias de comunicação sem fio como Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) tem sido apontadas como tecnologias que terão um papel fundamental na concepção de aplicativos de IoT. Um entendimento profundo de algumas características da tecnologia, como vazão e atraso na transmissão de dados, latência no estabelecimento de conexão e consumo de energia, é essencial para explorar ao máximo a tecnologia em cenários de IoT e identificar o nicho de aplicação onde esta tecnologia é mais aplicável. Este trabalho apresenta uma avaliação de desempenho da tecnologia BLE em cenários de transmissão de dados e estabelecimento de conexão. As métricas vazão máxima, atraso fim-a-fim, atraso ida-e-volta (Round-Trip Time - RTT) e latência de estabelecimento de conexão são avaliadas através de experimentos. Este trabalho também investiga como alguns fatores, como intervalo de conexão, encriptação de link e tamanho de pacote, impactam nas métricas avaliadas. Por fim, este trabalho apresenta modelos analíticos para as métricas investigadas.

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Gustafsson, Viktor, and Calle Waller. "Usage of Bluetooth Low Energy for Weather Measurements." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Datorteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-151579.

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For every year the importance of lowering energy consumptionof our devices gets more important. Wireless devicesget smaller which leads to the fact that they need smallerbatteries than earlier versions. At the same time the customersstill have high requirements on the battery time. So what followsis that new technologies are needed to meet the customerrequirements by lowering the energy consumption for the devicesto maintain the same battery time as earlier.Today it is very common that these wireless devices makesuse of the wireless Bluetooth protocol in order to communicatewith other devices, for example with a mobile application.Bluetooth is in many cases more energy consuming thannecessary. In this report the wireless Bluetooth Low Energyprotocol will be tested and evaluated to see if the energy consumptionof a battery driven ground station for weather measurementscan be reduced.

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Bjarnason, Jonathan. "Evaluation of Bluetooth Low Energy in Agriculture Environments." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20250.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is an umbrella term for smart things connected to the Internet.Precision agriculture is a related concept where connected sensors can be used to facilitate, e.g. more effective farming. At the same time, Bluetooth has been making advancements into IoT with the release of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) or Bluetooth smart as it is also known by. This thesis describes the development of a Bluetooth Low Energy moisture- and temperature sensor intended for use in an agricultural wireless sensor network system. The sensor was evaluated based on its effectiveness in agricultural environments and conditions such as weather, elevation and in different crop fields. Bluetooth Low Energy was chosen as the technology for communication by the supervising company due to its inherent support for mobile phone accessibility.Field tests showed that the sensor nodes were largely affected by greenery positioned betweentransmitter and receiver, meaning that these would preferably be placed above growing crops foreffective communication. With ideal placement of the sensor and receiving unit, the signal wouldreach up to 100 m, meaning that a receiving unit would cover a circle area with radius 100 m.Due to Bluetooth being largely integrated in mobile devices it would mean that sensor data couldeasily be made accessible with a mobile app, rather than acquiring data from an online web server.

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An, Zhigang. "A Bluetooth Low Energy Indoor Object Positioning System." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1491596337908227.

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Danielsson, Thomas. "DMX-communication over Bluetooth low energy mesh network." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Signaler och System, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388635.

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With the addition of mesh capability to Bluetooth low energy(BLE) in 2017 new possibilities open up for the Internet of Things applications of Bluetooth. With the rapidly increasing number of connected devices a few new standards are competing for being the standard protocol for low power mesh communication. BLE is mostly aimed towards low bandwidth data such as sensor readings or light control. However, this thesis attempts to investigate the viability of adapting BLE mesh nodes to communicate DMX-data which is a protocol widely used in lightning and stage effects. The system is implemented on Bluetooth development kits and the latency and power consumption are measured. The results show that the latency is significant and with high variance if the full DMX frame is transmitted, rendering the application non-applicable on many real-time applications. It can however be justified in some applications due to Bluetooth's well established eco-system of devices and functionality where the nodes could extend their capabilities by implementing already established BLE models. By only transmitting the updated channels the latency can be lowered to values that would in some applications be indistinguishable from wired connection. The energy consumption of BLE mesh suffers greatly with the addition of mesh due to its constant scanning but by implementing low power nodes which keep the radio off during certain intervals this consumption could be greatly decreased. The results also show a high variance of latency depending on the node configuration regarding to the placements and the number of hops required to reach the intended recipient. Bluetooth har länge varit standardprotokollet för kommunikation mellan två stycken enheter. 2017 kom tillägget med mesh till Bluetooth. Mesh innebär att andra enheten i närheten ska skicka vidare meddelanden och därigenom tillåta kommunikation mellan enheter som är utanför direkt radiokontakt. DMX är ett protokoll som används inom ljus- och sceneffekter. Bluetooth mesh är utformat för att skicka små datamängder som till exempel sensordata eller styra glödlampor. Denna uppsats kommer utvärdera om det är användbart att skicka DMX-data över Bluetooth mesh. En implementation gjordes på Bluetooth utvecklingskort och resultatet visar på en signifikant fördröjning och med hög varians vid överföring av alla DMX-kanaler, vilket innebär att denna implementation inte är användbar vid många användningsområden. Men trots det kan den vid vissa fall vara användningsbar, mycket till hjälp av Bluetooths billiga och utbyggda ekosystem av produkter och tilläggsfunktioner. Eftersom Bluetooth mesh byggs in i en del befintliga byggnader kan de uppoffringar man får göra vid överföringar av DMX-data vara acceptabel då man kan uttnyttja befintliga nät. Strömförbrukningen ökar avsevärt vid mesh jämfört med klassisk lågenergi Bluetooth då mesh måste skanna radiotrafiken konstant. Vid implementationen av lågenergi noder kan dock radio vara i stand-by och starta endast vid speciella tidpunkter och man kan därigenom få avsevärt lägre strömförbrukning, med uppoffringen att DMX-datan inte kan överföras omgående. Det visade sig också att noduppställningen kraftigt påverkade variansen i överföringshastighet och att detta måste ta i hänsyn vid valet om DMX över Bluetooth mesh är användbart i just det fallet.

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Šterc, Filip. "Bezklíčový přístup do vozidla pomocí technologie Bluetooth Low Energy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413160.

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Tato práce se zabývá návrhem demonstračního kitu bezlíčového přístupu pro vozidla s využitím nejnovějších integrovaných obvodů Bluetooth Low Energy a budičů automobilové sběrnice od společnosti ON Semiconductor. Aplikace umožňuje ruční i automatické odemykání dveří vozidla ze vzdáleného klíče realizovaného chytrým telefonem. Řešení se zabývá detekcí vzdálenosti vzdáleného klíče, bezpečností BLE spojení a komunikací přes automobilovou sběrnici LIN mezi moduly demonstračního kitu.

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Agyemang, Duah Joseph Agyemang Duah. "A PIEZOELECTRIC POWERED BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY TEMPERATURE SENSOR PLATFORM." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1533124081986125.

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Dawood, Sivan, and Catharina Frindt. "Bluetooth Low Energy using Trilateration with Anybus Wireless Bolt." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-39733.

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Zegeye, Wondimu, and Lawrence Lee. "LOCALIZATION OF MEDICAL DEVICES BASED ON BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY (BTLE)." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626971.

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Wireless devices have invaded the medical industry with a wide range of capability as components of a wireless personal area network (WPAN) and Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). The recent advances in Internet of Things (IoT) promises even larger contributions to the future of medical applications. This paper investigates the Bluetooth Low Energy (Bluetooth Smart- BTLE) for indoor localization of HealthCare devices used in medical telemetry applications and demonstrates the key role that localization plays in tracking of Bluetooth Low Energy enabled medical devices. Proper tracking of these devices provides better management which would directly reduce the transmission of infectious diseases which can result from improper sharing of these devices. This work will investigate the novel indoor localization technologies of BTLE devices with creative research strategies, and their applications as a basis for ultimately improving health standard using BTLE localization.

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Ljungström, Andreas, and Jack Panikian. "Implementation and Evaluation of Bluetooth Low Energy for Musical Devices." Thesis, KTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188535.

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This paper presents the possibility to transfer Musical Instrument Digital Interface messages overBluetooth Low Energy. The main problem was to transmit the messages between two computers inless than 10 milliseconds. Anything above 10 milliseconds could be noticed as a delay by the personplaying or listening to the music. A prototype was written which could transfer Musical InstrumentDigital Interface messages over Bluetooth Low Energy between two Linux-computers together with atesting framework which was used to make measurements. The prototype was written in the languageC++ with the BlueZ library. The time it took for one packet to travel back and forth from the computerswas clocked to get an estimation of the time it took for a packet to travel from one computer to theother. The measured results showed that it was possible to reach the desired time of 10 milliseconds.The results can also be used when considering development of other kind of equipment and/or applicationsthat implements the use of Bluetooth Low Energy. Denna rapport presenterar möjligheterna att överföra Musical Instrument Digital Interfacemeddelanden över Bluetooth Low Energy. Huvudproblemet var att överföra meddelandena mellantvå datorer under en tid av 10 millisekunder. Allt över 10 milliskunder skulle kunna uppfattas somen fördröjning av den som spelade eller lystnade på musiken. En prototyp skapades som kundeöverföra denna typ meddelanden över Bluetooth Low Energy mellan två Linux-datorer tillsammansmed ett test-ramverk som kunde utföra prestandamätningar. Prototypen skrevs i språket C++tillsammans med biblioteket BlueZ. Den tid det tog för ett paket att färdas fram och tillbaka mellande båda datorerna klockades för att få en uppskattning på hur lång tid det tog för ett paket att färdasfrån en dator till en annan. De uppmätta resultaten visar att det är möjligt att uppnå deneftersträvade tiden på 10 millisekunder. Resultatet kan också användas då det övervägs att utvecklaett annat typ av program eller applikation som ska nyttja Bluetooth Low Energy.

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Imam, Farasat. "Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) based Indoor Localization using Fingerprinting Techniques." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.

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Positioning technologies have been created over the last few decades to provide users with location and navigation services by utilizing technological advancements in digital circuitry. GPS was one of the first positioning systems to be created (Global Positioning System). This system is a location-based navigation system that operates through satellites. Using GPS used to necessitate special (expensive) hardware, but smartphone technology has made it possible to use GPS on our handheld devices without the need for any additional equipment. We're all familiar with this; we use GPS on our smartphones for navigating in our daily lives. For outdoor location, GPS has become the de facto standard. However, due to the lack of Line-of-Sight (LoS) inside buildings, GPS cannot be used in our indoor environments. Positioning systems for indoor environments (market) are being developed since humans spend more time indoors than outdoors. Indoor positioning systems have been developed using a variety of available signal technologies (such as WiFi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, UWB, and others) depending on the context and application scenario. The Bluetooth-Low Energy (or Bluetooth Smart) protocol was first released in 2010. This signal technology was created with the goal of being low-cost and energy efficient. Apple Inc. and Aruba (Hewlett Packard Enterprise) introduced Beacon technology, which uses the Bluetooth Low Energy standard to communicate with smartphones and provide context and location awareness. The fact that all new smartphones (and tablets) include the BLE protocol can be exploited to aid in the development of low-cost, energy-efficient, precise, and accurate indoor positioning systems (by making use of Beacon and smartphone). The BLE protocol has the potential to become the de facto standard for the Internet of Things phenomenon, and so a BLE-based localization system in an indoor environment might become an integrated part of IoT.

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Larsson, Johan. "Distance Estimation and Positioning Based on Bluetooth Low Energy Technology." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-174857.

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This thesis deals with location determining, also known as positioning, using Bluetooth Low energy radio. The goal is to implement a low power low cost indoor positioning system which utilize existing hardware. Two main methods are investigated and their viability assessed. Previous efforts with indoor positioning systems concentrate on statistical fingerprinting methods, mainly using 802.11 (WLAN) as the platform. Some efforts have been made with purely signal strength based positioning, but indoor environments have shown to work unfavorably for these kinds of methods.

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Bergelin, John, and Felix Ericsson. "Dataöverföring med Bluetooth 5 : En jämförelse mellan Classic och Low Energy." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Datateknik och informatik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45432.

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A comparative study between the techniques Bluetooth Low Energy and Bluetooth Classic has been performed in cooperation with Saab AB with the purpose to determine which technique is best suited for transmission of data between an Android unit and an embedded system. The parameters that has been analyzed are throughput, energy efficiency and susceptibility. The study has been performed in accordance with the method Design Science Research and has therefore produced an artefact in the form of a system that has been evaluated in an experiment where performance parameters have been measured and analyzed. The results show that BLE is more robust in environments with a high level of noise and can handle lower SNR levels than BR/EDR; 3 dB vs 7,5 dB. If enough transfer speed is reached, BLE would also give the best energy efficiency and if the specified maximum throughput is reached, BLE would, according to this study, have more than double the energy efficiency as BR/EDR. BLE is, according to most measures, preferable from Bluetooth version 5 and is future-proof but BR/EDR still provides the highest throughput.

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Pari, Francesco. "Prototipo di schermo adattativo basato su Android e Bluetooth Low Energy." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8817/.

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La tesi nasce da un'attività di ricerca approfondita su alcune tecnologie innovative e all'avanguardia nell'ambito del mobile computing e dell'Internet of Things. Tra queste il focus principale è orientato allo studio del Bluetooth Low Energy, nuova specifica di Bluetooth caratterizzata principalmente da un consumo di energia assai ridotto. In particolare, si è approfondito il suo funzionamento nel caso dei beacon, piccoli dispositivi che permettono una localizzazione mediante l'invio di un segnale BLE. Inoltre è stata analizzata la possibilità di interazione con Android, poiché oggigiorno non si può evitare di pensare a come queste tecnologie possano interfacciarsi con il mondo degli smartphone e dei tablet. Come conseguenza di tale attività di ricerca è stato analizzato un caso di studio che permettesse di applicare le tecnologie studiate e la loro interazione. Si è pensato quindi a un piccolo sistema distribuito per schermi adattativi (capaci di modificare i contenuti visualizzati in relazione ad eventi esterni) affinché ogni schermo mostrasse dinamicamente l'orario delle lezioni di ciascuno studente all'avvicinarsi di quest'ultimo, e solo per il tempo di permanenza nei pressi dello schermo. Si è quindi progettato e sviluppato un prototipo, e infine durante il testing si sono potute verificare le attuali potenzialità di queste tecnologie e trarre conclusioni sulla possibilità della loro futura diffusione e di impiego in contesti differenti.

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Andersson, Tim. "Bluetooth Low Energy and Smartphones for Proximity-Based Automatic Door Locks." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-107332.

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Bluetooth Low Energy is becoming increasingly popular in mobile applications due to the possibility of using it for proximity data. Proximity can be estimated by measuring the strength of the Bluetooth signal, and actions can then be performed based on a user's proximity to a certain location or object. One of the most interesting applications of proximity information is automating common tasks; this paper evaluates Bluetooth Low Energy in the context of using smartphones to automatically unlock a door when a user approaches the door. Measurements were performed to determine signal strength reliability, energy consumption and connection latency. The results show that Bluetooth Low Energy is a suitable technology for proximity-based door locks despite the large variance in signal strength.

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Ishiguro, Amy (Amy S. ). "Design and fabrication of a solar-powered Bluetooth Low Energy device." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105703.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 30-32). A device was built within the MIT Photovoltaic Laboratory that obtains power from solar cells, collects temperature data from a sensor, and sends the data to a phone application via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) wireless technology. BLE is suited for use with solar technology because of its low energy consumption. Although limited to small data packets and a range of a few dozen meters, such a device has many potential applications in the near future. The same device architecture can be modified to suit a variety of applications by interchanging current components with those suited for the intended design application. The adaptability of this device architecture, combined with further advances in solar cell technology and a low-power approach, increases the commercialization prospects of small solar-powered devices. by Amy Ishiguro. S.B.

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Hinrichsen, Oscar. "An Evaluation of Network Protocols for Bluetooth Low Energy Mesh Networks." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikationssystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122551.

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Internet of Things (IoT) is a scenario that theorizes objects and people as potential nodes in an ever-growing wireless network. This idea pushes the development of low-cost wireless technologies that can run on portable power sources for months, or even years. One candidate technique that has shown promising results in this area thru the last years is BluetoothLow Energy (BLE). This thesis studies various techniques to enable and maintain large scale mesh networks over BLE communication. The initial study puts focus on an existing flooding based BLE mesh protocol. The thesis later presents an improved protocol that reduces power consumption with respect to the packet delivery ratio. Other enhancements which are added to the improved protocol are a self-adapting procedure and a packet routing algorithm. Simulations show that the improved protocol can save up to 50 % of the power consumption for a device, compared to the original protocol. Sakernas Internet (IoT) är ett scenario som skisserar objekt och människor som potentiella noder i ett ständigt växande trådlöst nätverk. Denna vision driver utvecklingen av trådlösa lågkostnadsteknologier som kan köras på portabla strömkällor i flera månader. En kandiderande teknik som har visat goda resultat inom detta område är Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). Detta uppsatsarbete studerar flera tekniker för att möjliggöra och upprätthålla storskaliga meshnätverk över BLE-kommunikation. Den inledande studien granskar ett existerande översvämningsbaserat meshprotokoll för BLE. Uppsatsarbetet presenterar därefter ett förbättrat protokoll som reducerar strömförbrukningen med avseende på kvoten mellan antalet mottagna paket genom antalet skickade paket. Ytterliggare upprustningar som tillkommer i det förbättrade protokollet är en procedur för självanpassning, samt en algorithm för dirigering av paket. Simuleringar visar att det förbättrade protokollet kan spara upp till 50 % av strömkonsumptionen för en enhet, jämfört med originalprotokollet.

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Tompkins, Nicholas William. "Design of a Machine Condition Monitoring System with Bluetooth Low Energy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984239/.

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Oliv, Rasmus. "GPS-Tracking Device with Long Range and Bluetooth Low Energy Communication." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniska Kretsar och System, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157458.

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The thesis is about the construction of a GPS-tracker that can read NFC (Near Field Communication)-tags and communicate with LoRa (Long Range) and BLE (Bluetooth low energy) and investigate which of the components in the GPS-tracker that consumes most power. The usage area for the GPS-tracker is to make the work on disaster affected sites more efficient and secure by having an operation leader that can organizing the operation with help of the information provided by the GPS-trackers that are placed on the injured people and recuing personnel. The GPS-tracker is built around the sensor development kit Thingy:52 from Nordic Semiconductor. The Firmware (FW) for the Thingy:52 is developed by modifying the provided factory FW by Nordic Semiconductor. The GPS-module and the NFC-reader showed to be the most power consuming parts of the GPS-tracker. An energy optimization proposal for these parts are given in the report. A proposal to a circuit diagram for the GPS-tracker is also given in the report, that can be used for future miniaturization of the GPS-tracker. Projektet har innefattat att ta fram en GPS-spårsändare som kan läsa NFC (Near Field Communication)-taggar, kommunicera med LoRa (Long Range) och BLE (Bluetooth low energy) samt undersöka vilka av GPS-spårsändarens olika delar som konsumerar mest energi. Användningsområdet för GPS-spårsändaren är att effektivisera räddningsinsatser på skadeplatser där det finns skadade människor exempelvis efter en översvämning eller terroristattack. Effektiviseringen är tänkt ska ske genom att en operationsledare styr räddningsinsatsen med hjälp av informationen som skickas från GPS-spårsändarna som kommer att bäras av skadade personer och räddningspersonalen på skadeplatsen. GPS-spårsändaren är utvecklad kring sensorutvecklings kittet Thingy:52 från Nordic Semiconductor och dess mjukvara har utvecklats genom att modifiera den mjukvara som Nordic Semiconductor har utvecklat för Thingy:52. De delar av GPS-spårsändaren som visade sig konsumera mest energi var GPS-modulen och NFC-läsaren. I rapporten finns energioptimerings förslag för dessa delar. Rapporten innehåller även ett förslag till ett kretsschema för GPS-spårsändaren som kan användas vid framtida miniatyrisering av GPS-spårsändaren.

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Giovanelli, Davide <1988&gt. "Bluetooth Low Energy based proximity detection and localization in smart communities." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9015/1/giovanelli_davide_tesi.pdf.

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Internet of things will bring connected devices to a new level of pervasiveness, where any tangible thing of our daily life may embed some electronics. From a sophisticated smartwatch that embeds complex sensing and communication technologies, to the use of a basic electronic component to implement a digital signature, such as RFIDs. All these smart things worn or distributed around us enables multiple functionalities, when they can interact with each other. In this thesis, I describe the design, characterization and validation of a monitoring system based on Internet of Things technologies, for managing groups moving together in a city. Communication and energy efficiency aspects are firstly explored, to identify Bluetooth Low Energy as a promising protocol enabling scalable and energy efficient networks of things. In the thesis, the protocol has been stressed to demonstrate trade-offs between throughput, energy efficiency, scalability and the possibility to perform multi-hop communication. The potential of the protocol has been exploited within the framework of the CLIMB project. Here, the application requirements and constraints fostered the use of Bluetooth for localization and proximity detection, leading to the investigation of novel strategies to improve accuracy without affecting power consumption and ease of use.

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Alfredsson, Erika, and Matilda Bengtsson. "Bluetooth-implementation för Netbiter EC350." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för Informationsvetenskap, Data– och Elektroteknik (IDE), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25760.

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In industries today the demand for reading the state of industrial equipment and thus prevent machine breakdown, is increasing. The company HMS Industrial Networks AB has a product on the market, Netbiter EC350 that is used to read sensors and thus find out the condition of industrial equipment. By reporting scanned data to users through a cloud service, users can keep track of their equipment. When developing Netbiter EC350 a slot was made for a Bluetooth module to offer clients a wireless reading in future developments. In this project a prototype was made to show how this Bluetooth communication can be implemented. The goal of the project was to create a Bluetooth communication between a Bluetooth sensor and Netbiter EC350. A user interface was made to allow the user to read sensor values. The result of the project shows how a Bluetooth communication can be implemented to read sensors wireless and therefore it fulfills its purpose and goal. The user can find connectable Bluetooth devices, connect to a device and read measured values through a user interface. The prototype demonstrates how a Bluetooth communication with a Netbiter EC350 can be implemented and the project is therefore considered to be a good basis for future development.

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Biagini, Piero. "Realizzazione di un'interfaccia universale in tecnologia Bluetooth Low Energy per sensori integrati." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9241/.

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Lo scopo dell’elaborato di tesi è la progettazione e lo sviluppo di un’applicazione per il modulo Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Texas Instrument CC2650 in grado di leggere le informazioni da un sensore analogico, tramite un Analog-Digital- Converter (ADC), e di scambiare i dati con uno smartphone Android in tempo reale. L’interfaccia realizzata deve essere universale, ovvero dovrà essere compatibile con sensori di diverso tipo, facilmente estensibile per l’aggiunta di un numero maggiore di periferiche di lettura e utilizzabile con un ampio numero di dispositivi.

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Andersson, Marcus. "Implementation av en metod för prestandamätning av sensorkommunikation med Bluetooth low energy." Thesis, KTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-193142.

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Internet of Things utvecklas och växer konstant. Det blir allt vanligare att applikationer och enheter kopplas samman via nätverk. En av teknikerna som används för att trådlöst sammankoppla enheter är Bluetooth Low Energy. Preferenser för kvaliteten i en kommunikation kan variera. Det är därför viktigt att utföra prestandamätningar för att veta vilka fördelar och nackdelar en nätverksteknik har. Detta examensarbete handlar om prestandamätningar vid datasändningar mellan mobila enheter och trådlösa sensorer, och övervakning av parametrar som fås under mätningarna. En metod med monitoreringspaket inspirerad från tidigare forskning, utformades och implementerades i ett system för Bluetooth Low Energy, vilken därefter har utvärderats. Resultatet blev att två system skapades som visade dataförluster, fördröjningsvariation och genomströmning, löpande på en mobil enhet. Det ena systemet använde metoden med monitoreringspaket. Det andra systemet använde en egengjord metod som gjorde mätningar med hög precision, men som ställde högre krav på funktioner och prestanda på sensornoden, och på den mobila enheten. Experiment med hjälp av systemen utfördes och resulterande värden analyserades. Internet of Things develops and grows constantly. It becomes increasingly common that applications and units are connected through a network. One of the technologies used for wirelessly linking together units is Bluetooth Low Energy. Preferences for the quality of a connection can vary. It is therefore important to conduct measurements of performance in order to know advantages and disadvantages that a networking technology has. This thesis is about measurements of performance during data transfers between mobile devices and wireless sensors, as well as monitoring parameters that are given during the measurements. One method using monitoring packets inspired from previously made research, were designed and implemented in a system for Bluetooth Low Energy, which was then evaluated. The result was that two systems were created that presented data loss, delay variation and throughput, continuously on a mobile device. One system used the method with monitoring packets. The other system used a self-made method which made measurements with high precision, but that places higher demands on functions and performance of the sensor node, and on the mobile device. Experiments were conducted by using the systems and resulting values were analyzed.

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Karlsson, Eric, and Alexander Lagerbielke. "Demonstrator Development for Phone as a Key Based on Bluetooth Low Energy." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fysik och elektroteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139034.

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In this work a demonstrator for phone as a key has been developed. This demonstrator estimates the position of a mobile device in and around a test vehicle. Trilateration, ROCRSSI and fingerprinting with neural networks have been investigated for the localization of the mobile device. To filter the input data Kalman filter and average mean filter have been investigated. The best performing technique was determined to be the use of neural networks with a Kalman filter. The resulting demonstrator can determine if the mobile device is within the ranges of three predefined zones for the technology and three zones defined in the thesis. The demonstrator can estimate the location of the mobile device in real-time for these zones.

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Nygård, Niklas. "Indoor positioning utilizing Bluetooth Smart : A comparative study between trilateration and fingerprinting." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-178968.

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This thesis explores the possibilities of constructing an indoor positioning system based on Bluetooth Smart technology. Two non-trainable trilateration approaches and two trainable fingerprinting were implemented and evaluated at Mobiento's offices in Stockholm, Sweden. A trilateration approach is based on finding a sought location based on known distances towards know locations, at least three locations and distances are needed. A fingerprinting approach is based on creating a radio map, which describes transmission signals within the room, towards different transmitters. A set amount of coordinates are assigned a fingerprint. These are then used as reference points for a sought location. For each major approach, trilateration and fingerprinting, a weighted approach is conducted. These approaches are evaluated in a disturbance free environment in term of accuracy, implementation and setup. In terms of accuracy, the non-weighted fingerprinting approach performs slightly better than the weighted fingerprinting approaches. Both of these are more accurate than the trilateration approaches. When it comes to implementation and setup, the trilateration algorithms impose less cost. These allow for better scalability when the indoor environment becomes larger.

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Romagnoli, Luca. "Applicazione per il monitoraggio di parametri vitali attraverso l'uso di Bluetooth Low Energy." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20570/.

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Con l'evoluzione dell'IoT e l'affermarsi di una concezione moderna di pratica medica, vengono introdotte nuove soluzioni nei percorsi di cura dei pazienti. Nell'AUSL di Piacenza, gli operatori sanitari del percorso terapeutico "Disturbi del comportamento alimentare" intendono sperimentare una nuova metodologia di cura dei propri pazienti, incentrata sulla continuità della cura stessa e sulla telecomunicazione. L'obiettivo è quello di monitorare i parametri vitali dei pazienti da remoto, utilizzando un'applicazione dedicata e alcuni dispositivi medici dotati di connettività wireless, che vengono forniti ai pazienti stessi per la raccolta dei parametri da analizzare. La tecnologia wireless adatta per questo tipo di utilizzo, considerando il requisito di basso consumo energetico dei dispositivi medici, è il Bluetooth Low Energy. In questo elaborato, vengono inizialmente descritti i componenti fondamentali di questa tecnologia: GAP e GATT. Successivamente, vengono descritte e approfondite le funzionalità principali di una componente autonoma realizzata per dispositivi Android, parte integrante di un'applicazione di monitoraggio in sviluppo. Le tre funzionalità in questione sono: pairing dei dispositivi, sincronizzazione e visualizzazione dei dati. Vengono descritti i processi di analisi, progettazione e implementazione della componente stessa, oltre al risultato finale che si intende realizzare e che costituirà un sistema di monitoraggio completo.

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Lindholm, Anna, Marika Karlsson, and Sikku Nilsánu Pirak. "Praktisk implementering av fjärrstyrt lås : Baserad på RTOS-teknik och Bluetooth Low Energy." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för datorteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295912.

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Nesheim, Taylor Anthony. "THE BLE CLOAKER: SECURING IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE COMMUNICATION OVER BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY LINKS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1486.

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Historically Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs) such as pacemakers have only been able to communicate to external devices through close proximity means of communication, primarily through inductive telemetry. Because of the unlikelihood of an adversary being able to gain access to an IMD through this type of communication, these devices were never designed with security in mind. However the recent advent of IMDs that are equipped with long-range wireless capabilities has made it necessary to consider how to secure these devices from malicious attacks. This work presents an implementation of prior work that developed a theoretical security model whose specific intent was to secure IMDs with long-range wireless capabilities against both passive and active adversaries, while also ensuring the safety of the patient. This implementation is known as the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Cloaker model and provides a prototype system that uses BLE as the long-range communication medium between an emulated IMD, an external programmer, and the BLE Cloaker device itself. The BLE Cloaker acts as a secure data proxy between the IMD and the external programmer. This prototype shows the benefits and drawbacks of this theoretical model when used in a real world system as well as the security strengths and weaknesses of using BLE as the wireless link in a medical application.

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Vupparige, Vijaykumar Sanjana. "A Cost-Efficient Bluetooth Low Energy Based Indoor Positioning System for IoT Applications." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-162208.

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The indoor positioning system is a series of networking systems used to monitor/locate objects at indoor area as opposed that of GPS which does the same at outdoor. The increase in the popularity of the Internet of Things made the demand for Bluetooth Low Energy technology more and more essential due to their compatibility in the smartphones which makes it to access easier. The BLE’s reliable signal and accuracy in calculating the distance has a cutting edge on others in IPS. In this thesis, the Bluetooth Low Energy indoor positioning system was designed and implemented in the ofﬁce area, and the positionofIoTdevicesweremonitored. OntheIoTdevices,thebeaconswereplaced. And thesebeaconswerecoveringtheofﬁcearea. Thereceiver,smartphoneinourcase,recorded theReceivedSignalStrengthIndicationofthetransmittedsignalsfromthebeaconswithin the range of the signal and stored the collected data in a database. Two experiments have beenconducted. Oneisforbeaconsthatarestationaryandonethatismoving. Toevaluate these experiments, a few tests were performed to predict the position of beacons based on therecordedreceivedsignalstrength’s. Inthecaseofstationarybeacons, itoffersaccuracy range from 1 m to 5 m, and 3 m to 9.5 m in anticipating the position of each beacon in the case of moving beacon. This methodology was a mixture of ﬁngerprinting and an algorithm of multilateration. Finally, the experiments show that the algorithm used provides the most accurate indoor position using BLE beacons that can be monitored through an Android-based application in real-time.

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Larsson, Ante, and Niclas Fölster. "Design och utvärdering av programvara för en Bluetoothkommunicerande lågenergienhet." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279685.

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Syftet med projektet var att utveckla en programvara för ett strömsnålt smartarmband som kommunicerar med sin användare på ett nytt sätt, via vibrationer i morsekod. Programvaran använder sig av Bluetoothteknik för att skicka och ta emot information i realtid från en smartphone-applikation. Kravet var att programvaran inte bara ska fungera utan även uppnå en viss standard. Standarden var definierad av en kravspecifikation och ett antal mål; robusthet, prestanda, energieffektivitet, begriplighet och förvaltningsbarhet. Allt detta krävdes för att programvaran skulle vara tillräckligt funktionell för att kunna användas i verkligheten.Den utvecklade programvaran har i huvudsak tre delar; En som styr Bluetoothkommunikationen mellan systemet och smartphone-applikation. En som hanterar knapptryckningarna på armbandet. En som styr armbandets vibrationsmotorer. För att bestämma vilken programstruktur som bäst skulle uppfylla kraven utvärderades flera olika ramverk systematiskt. Av dessa valdes det ramverk bäst lämpad för de uppsatta målen. Systemet använder ett realtidsoperativsystem som ger en stabil grund och hanterar alla uppgifter på ett smidigt sätt. Det är dessutom väletablerat och dokumenterat, vilket förenklade utvecklingen. För att validera att programvaran uppnått målen utfördes flertalet anpassade tester. Projektet resulterade i en fullt fungerade programvara som uppfyllde uppsatta mål. Några viktiga lärdomar som har dragits av detta projekt är bland annat att satsningen på test-fokuserad evaluering har varit ett mycket lyckat val. Det har resulterat i att det är lätt och tydligt att se om kraven som ställts har uppnåtts. En annan del som har varit till stor hjälp är de avgränsningar som lagts på projektet. Att ha satt tydliga mål och specificerat att andra icke-relevanta aspekter är utanför ramarna av projektet har varit en stor fördel. The purpose of this project was to develop a firmware for a low-energy smartwristband that communicates with the user in a new way through vibrations in Morse-code. It uses Bluetooth technology to send and receive information in real-time, from a smartphone application. The firmware did not only have to be functional, it had to reach a certain standard as well. This standard was defined by a set of goals: robustness, performance, power efficiency, comprehensibility and maintainability. All these are required for the program to be viable in practice. The firmware has three main parts: One which controls Bluetooth communication between the system and the smartphone application. One that handles the button presses on the wristband. One that controls the vibration motors on the wristband.To find the right structure for the firmware, several different frameworks were systematically evaluated with the requirements in mind. The system uses a realtime operating system which provides a strong foundation and handles all tasks in an easily manageable way. It is also well established and documented, which facilitated development. Several tests were performed to validate goal achievement.The project resulted in a fully functioning firmware which fulfilled the set goals. Some important lessons that was taught from this project is firstly that the focus on test-based evaluation was a very good choice. It makes it very clear and easy to see if requirements were fulfilled. Another part which has helped a lot was the delimitations set on the project. To specify the scope has been very important part of the projects success.

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Østhus, Per Magnus. "Concurrent operation of Bluetooth low energy and ANT wireless protocols with an embedded controller." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elektronikk og telekommunikasjon, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-14040.

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With the introduction of low-power wireless technologies, new applicationsin the healthcare, fitness and home entertainment markets emergethrough the use of ultra low-power sensors. These devices are designed torun for years on a single coin-cell battery.ANT and Bluetooth Low Energy are two low-power protocols that emergeas competitors in this market. The ability to combine these in a single systemnot only takes away the element of choice from the manufacturers, but alsoprovides compatibility between the two protocols. An ANT-enabled devicecan be coupled to a Bluetooth network, with the benefit of connecting tonon-ANT central devices, such as smartphones, tablets and laptops.In this thesis, the co-existence of these two protocols is discussed. Animplementation with two distinct radios for each protocol, controlled by asingle embedded microcontroller, is presented. The implementation is testedwith regards to packet loss with a simple test application. Test results showthat the obtained packet loss cannot be correlated to the co-existence of thetwo protocols.

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Lindgren, Carl, and Andreas Jakum. "Mobilsportsensor : Utvecklingsplattform för att kvantifiera träning." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278565.

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Simning är en sport där små marginaler har stor inverkan på resultatet. I OS-finalen 2008 vann Michael Phelps över Milorad Čavić med en hundradels sekund. För att få marginalen på sin sida behöver simmaren träna otaliga timmar. I dagsläget har Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan inte en bra prototyp för att testa, utvärdera och mäta en simmares träning. Att kontinuerligt under ett helt träningspass få mätvärden som kan användas för att förbättra simtekniken skulle kunna ge en stor fördel. Målet med det här examensarbetet är att utvärdera möjligheten att utveckla en metod för att mäta dessa värden. Metoden som valdes var att med en IMU och mikrokontroller mäta rörelser. En jämförelseanalys gjordes mellan mikrokontrollers för att ge plattformen bästa utvecklingsmöjligheter. Efter resultatet från jämförelseanalysen införskaffades de två olika mikrokontrollers som hade störst potential och dessa två jämfördes vidare. Därefter utvecklades flera möjliga designer för plattformen med störst potential som kan användas för att kvantifiera simträning. Resultatet blev två funktionella protyper som uppfyllde de krav som ställdes. Framtida utveckling skulle vara att testa och utvärdera plattformarna vidare och hitta andra sporter och användningsområden. Swimming is a sport where small margins can have a big impact on the result. In the 2008 Olympic finals Michael Phelps won over Milorad Čavić by one hundredth of a second. To get the margin on their side, the swimmers need to practice countless hours. Currently, the Royal Institute of Technology does not have a good prototype for testing, evaluating, and measuring a swimmer's training. Continuously getting measured values during an entire training session that can be used to improve a swimming technique could provide a great advantage. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the possibility of developing a method for measuring these metrics. The method chosen was to measure movements using an IMU and microcontroller. A comparison analysis was made between microcontrollers to provide the platform with the best development opportunities. Following the results of the comparison analysis, two different microcontrollers with the greatest potential were acquired and these two were further compared. Subsequently, several possible designs were developed for the platform with the greatest potential that can be used to quantify swim training. The result was two functional prototypes that met the requirements. Future development would be to test and evaluate the platforms further and find other sports and areas of use.

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Amanda, Nordhamn. "Design and implementation of a demonstrator for a Bluetooth Low Energy based fleet service system for hand-held gardening and forestry products." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Datorteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-304787.

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Today, large companies specialized in forestry or park maintenance may own very large machine fleets consisting of hundreds of trimmers, chainsaws and brush cutters. Husqvarna Group, whose core business lies within high-end forestry and gardening products, has noticed that such companies tend to buy cheaper, low quality forestry and gardening products. The reason is thought to be that the companies lack a proper overview of the service status and utilization levels of their machines, leading to insufficient service, causing machines to break prematurely and making it hard to motivate investments in more expensive products. Hence, the companies usually adopt a consumerist approach, and buy cheaper products that are thrown away upon breaking. To make their products more attractive to machine park owners, Husqvarna want to explore the area of Internet of Things and equip their machines with sensing and communication capabilities. Collected data could be used to provide an overview of machine usage and service requirements to the machine parks owners, and could make it easier for machine park owners to dimension their machine fleet. In addition to this, a machine monitoring system where specific operator behavior can be tracked could enable identification of operators who consistently mistreat their machines by, for example, running the machine engine at non-optimal rotation speeds. In this master's thesis, a demonstrator of the working principle of a Bluetooth Low Energy based Fleet Service System is designed and implemented, complete with an evaluation of if received signal strength indicator (RSSI) is a good enough distance estimator to determine which operator operates a certain machine. Experiments carried out indicate that while RSSI is not a good estimator of distance, it could be used to determine the operator in closest proximity given that operators are not allowed to work closer than within a 10 m radius of each other.

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Hlaváček, Jan. "Bezpečnostní testování zařízení s Bluetooth." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-317217.

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The aim of the thesis is analysis and inventory security risks of Bluetooth technology, assembly Bluetooth adapter and proposal and poposal of testing procedures, which will helps evaluate security of tested device.

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Vigorito, Christian. "Attenuazione del multipath attraverso tecniche di diversità per applicazioni beacon tramite segnali Bluetooth Low Energy." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9518/.

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In questo elaborato è stato effettuato uno studio di soluzioni tecnologiche per eseguire una localizzazione di prossimità in ambienti indoor tramite la percezione di segnali Bluetooth Low Energy. Il sistema analizzato e sperimentato è composto da un dispositivo in ricezione che effettua una stima della distanza che intercorre con il trasmettitore, tramite la valutazione della potenza del segnale ricevuto. A causa della propagazione indoor, tale stima risulta poco accurata in termini di ranging in quanto vengono a generarsi delle fluttuazioni istantanee del segnale ricevuto dovute a fenomeni di multipath. L’obiettivo di questo progetto è stato quello di mitigare queste oscillazioni sfruttando due trasmettitori al posto di uno, effettuando quindi in ricezione opportune combinazioni fra i segnali ricevuti (Diversity Combining Techniques).

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Nilsson, Emil, and Tommy Lindman. "Implementation and evaluation of Bluetooth Low Energy as a communication technology for wireless sensor networks." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138672.

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As the growth and enthusiasm for IoT increases, energy consumption and efficiency is of immense importance in order to develop maintainable and dependable sensor networks. In this thesis, we implement and evaluate a wireless sensor network using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) as the communication standard with regards to energy consumption and range capabilities. We found BLE to be a highly viable option for such systems, yielding long battery life for systems where long-range capabilities are not needed.

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Bandeira, João Pedro Norim Marques. "Mobile ticketing using Bluetooth low energy technology." Master's thesis, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/106476.

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O sector dos transportes públicos tem um papel importante na maioria das cidades, algo que se evidencia quanto maior for a sua dimensão. Ao longo dos últimos anos, várias cidades tomaram medidas no sentido de reduzir o número de carros a circular nas ruas, e incentivar a população a utilizar os transportes públicos. Esta evolução da forma como a população faz as suas deslocações diárias e viaja dentro das cidades, associada com a atual evolução tecnológica, beneficiaria de uma solução que conseguisse motivar a população a utilizar os transportes públicos, através de um processo de compra e validação de bilhetes mais simples e de fácil utilização.O rápido crescimento de soluções de pagamentos móveis e a sua aceitação pela população constituem uma oportunidade para utilizar este conceito nos transportes públicos. A solução proposta nesta tese toma partido do uso de beacons Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), que atualmente são compatíveis com quase todos os dispositivos móveis (com tecnologia Bluetooth), e espera-se que se tornem mais acessíveis e com melhor desempenho num futuro próximo.A solução apresentada é uma plataforma que os utilizadores acedem através de uma aplicação nos seus dispositivos móveis, e que se integra numa rede intermodal de transportes públicos (que inclui autocarros, metro e comboio) e que funciona através de um sistema check-in/be-out. A aplicação móvel funciona através do uso da tecnologia Bluetooth nos smartphones para detetar beacons BLE, que estão instalados nos veículos (autocarros), ou nas estações (metro e comboio), e que permitem o acompanhamento das viagens dos utilizadores desde o início até ao fim. Esta plataforma também sugere a implementação de pós-pagamento integrado com um algoritmo de otimização de tarifário baseada nas viagens mensais de cada utilizador. Este processo requer interação mínima por parte de todas as partes envolvidas, resultando numa experiência mais simples quer para o utilizador, quer para as operadoras, tornando os transportes públicos mais atrativos para todos.O principal foco deste trabalho é a avaliação da viabilidade do uso de beacons BLE em cenários reais, onde todas as comunicações wireless estão sujeitas a interferências por parte de outros dispositivos. Para além da descrição de uma plataforma que tira partido do uso de beacons BLE integrados num sistema de bilhética móvel, também os desafios do processo, assim como as metodologias de teste e resultados são descritos. A validação da solução proposta está integrada num estudo piloto conduzido na cidade do Porto. Public transport play an important role in most cities, and even more in large cities. Over the last few years, we've seen some cities taking measures in order to reduce the number of cars on the streets, and make people use public transportation. This evolution of the way people commute and move around cities, associated with the technological evolution of current times, would benefit from a solution that could motivate more people to use public transports, by making the ticketing and validation processes easier and simpler. The fast spread of mobile payment solutions, and its acceptance by the population, provide an opportunity to apply this idea to public transportation. The solution this thesis proposes will also take advantage of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons, which are currently compatible with most mobile devices (with Bluetooth capabilities), and are expected to become even more accessible and with better performance in a near future.The solution presented is a platform which the users access via an application on their mobile devices, and that is integrated in an intermodal public transportation network (including bus, light rail and train) that works as a check-in/be-out system. The way the mobile application works is by using the Bluetooth technology on the smartphones to detect BLE beacons, which are installed in the vehicles (buses) or stations (light rail and train), and that allow the tracking of the users' trips from start to end. This platform also suggests the implementation of post-billing with the integration of a tariff optimization algorithm based on each user's monthly trips. This process requires minimal input from all the parties involved, resulting in a smoother experience either for the user, and for the transport operators, making public transportation more appealing to everybody.The main focus of this work is to evaluate of the viability of the use of BLE beacons in real world scenarios, where all wireless communications are subject to interferences by other devices. Besides the description of a platform that takes advantage of the use of BLE beacons as part of a mobile ticketing system, also the challenges of the process, along with the testing methodologies and results are described. The validation of the solution is integrated in a pilot study conducted in Porto.

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Bandeira, João Pedro Norim Marques. "Mobile ticketing using Bluetooth low energy technology." Dissertação, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/106476.

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O sector dos transportes públicos tem um papel importante na maioria das cidades, algo que se evidencia quanto maior for a sua dimensão. Ao longo dos últimos anos, várias cidades tomaram medidas no sentido de reduzir o número de carros a circular nas ruas, e incentivar a população a utilizar os transportes públicos. Esta evolução da forma como a população faz as suas deslocações diárias e viaja dentro das cidades, associada com a atual evolução tecnológica, beneficiaria de uma solução que conseguisse motivar a população a utilizar os transportes públicos, através de um processo de compra e validação de bilhetes mais simples e de fácil utilização.O rápido crescimento de soluções de pagamentos móveis e a sua aceitação pela população constituem uma oportunidade para utilizar este conceito nos transportes públicos. A solução proposta nesta tese toma partido do uso de beacons Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), que atualmente são compatíveis com quase todos os dispositivos móveis (com tecnologia Bluetooth), e espera-se que se tornem mais acessíveis e com melhor desempenho num futuro próximo.A solução apresentada é uma plataforma que os utilizadores acedem através de uma aplicação nos seus dispositivos móveis, e que se integra numa rede intermodal de transportes públicos (que inclui autocarros, metro e comboio) e que funciona através de um sistema check-in/be-out. A aplicação móvel funciona através do uso da tecnologia Bluetooth nos smartphones para detetar beacons BLE, que estão instalados nos veículos (autocarros), ou nas estações (metro e comboio), e que permitem o acompanhamento das viagens dos utilizadores desde o início até ao fim. Esta plataforma também sugere a implementação de pós-pagamento integrado com um algoritmo de otimização de tarifário baseada nas viagens mensais de cada utilizador. Este processo requer interação mínima por parte de todas as partes envolvidas, resultando numa experiência mais simples quer para o utilizador, quer para as operadoras, tornando os transportes públicos mais atrativos para todos.O principal foco deste trabalho é a avaliação da viabilidade do uso de beacons BLE em cenários reais, onde todas as comunicações wireless estão sujeitas a interferências por parte de outros dispositivos. Para além da descrição de uma plataforma que tira partido do uso de beacons BLE integrados num sistema de bilhética móvel, também os desafios do processo, assim como as metodologias de teste e resultados são descritos. A validação da solução proposta está integrada num estudo piloto conduzido na cidade do Porto. Public transport play an important role in most cities, and even more in large cities. Over the last few years, we've seen some cities taking measures in order to reduce the number of cars on the streets, and make people use public transportation. This evolution of the way people commute and move around cities, associated with the technological evolution of current times, would benefit from a solution that could motivate more people to use public transports, by making the ticketing and validation processes easier and simpler. The fast spread of mobile payment solutions, and its acceptance by the population, provide an opportunity to apply this idea to public transportation. The solution this thesis proposes will also take advantage of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons, which are currently compatible with most mobile devices (with Bluetooth capabilities), and are expected to become even more accessible and with better performance in a near future.The solution presented is a platform which the users access via an application on their mobile devices, and that is integrated in an intermodal public transportation network (including bus, light rail and train) that works as a check-in/be-out system. The way the mobile application works is by using the Bluetooth technology on the smartphones to detect BLE beacons, which are installed in the vehicles (buses) or stations (light rail and train), and that allow the tracking of the users' trips from start to end. This platform also suggests the implementation of post-billing with the integration of a tariff optimization algorithm based on each user's monthly trips. This process requires minimal input from all the parties involved, resulting in a smoother experience either for the user, and for the transport operators, making public transportation more appealing to everybody.The main focus of this work is to evaluate of the viability of the use of BLE beacons in real world scenarios, where all wireless communications are subject to interferences by other devices. Besides the description of a platform that takes advantage of the use of BLE beacons as part of a mobile ticketing system, also the challenges of the process, along with the testing methodologies and results are described. The validation of the solution is integrated in a pilot study conducted in Porto.

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Hsu, Hen Pai, and 許亨百. "EcoMini: Low-Power, Miniature Bluetooth Low Energy Motion Sensor Node." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2g6qwr.

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碩士 國立清華大學 資訊工程學系 103 The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has given rise to a new class of embedded systems that combine short-range, low-power wireless communication with proximity sensing, inertial sensing, and real-time clock (RTC) in a miniature package. Such a system can be very useful in collecting contextual information for its user, including user behavior or gesture, user location, orientation, and motion, user encounter with other users or objects, and time. Such context can be crucial in making pervasive electronic systems behave in a truly intelligent way. Unfortunately, there have been few platforms to date that can provide all the necessary features. In this thesis, we present EcoMini, a new wireless motion-sensing node with RTC and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) radio transceiver, all in a miniature size of 12 mm × 9 mm. It uses the same programmable microcontroller unit (MCU) for both the BLE protocol stack and application code. BLE enables direct connectivity to smartmobiles and PC/Mac computers without the inconvenience of a dongle or gateway. The 9 degree-of-freedom (9-DoF) inertial sensor includes a digital triaxial accelerometer, a gyroscope, and a compass in one package. Its threshold detection feature enables effective motion-based power management. The contributions include a balance between power, size, and expandability. This system has been used for easy, efficient implementation of several IoT devices, including a motion-enabled proximity tag, an air-mouse, smart slippers, and person- identifying cabinet doors.

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"Bluetooth Low Energy for Use with MEM Sensors." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.36395.

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abstract: ABSTRACT Designers creating the next generation remote sensing enabled smart devices need to overcome the challenges of prevailing ventures including time to market and expense. To reduce the time and effort involved in initial prototyping, a good reference design is often desired and warranted. This paper provides the necessary reference materials for Designers to implement a wireless solution efficiently and effectively. This document is intended for users with limited Bluetooth technology experience. Many sensing-enabled devices require a ‘hard-wire’ or cable link to a host monitoring system. This can limit the potential for product advancements by anchoring the system to a single location preventing portability and the convenience of a remote system. By removing the “wired” or cabled portion from a design, a broader scope of devices becomes feasible. One common problematic area for these types of sensors is within the internal medicine field. Proximity sensing is far more practical and less invasive to implement than surgical implantation. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) systems solve the hard wired problem by decoupling the physical sensor from the host system through a BLE transceiver that can send information to an external monitoring system. This wireless link enables new sensor technology to be leveraged into previously unobtainable markets; such as, internal medicine, wearable devices, and Infotainment to name a few. Wireless technology for sensor systems are a potentially disruptive technology changing the way environmental monitoring is implemented and considered. With this BLE design reference, products can be created with new capabilities to advance current technologies for military, commercial, industrial and medical sectors in rapid succession. Dissertation/Thesis Source Files Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2015

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Wu, Pei-Chin, and 吳佩芹. "Application of Bluetooth Low Energy for Outdoor Positioning." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3myauq.

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碩士 國立交通大學 土木工程系所 106 In this paper, we focus on outdoor material positioning. Due to the development of wireless sensor technology, outdoor positioning and indoor positioning are widely popular with research scholar. Outdoor positioning are usually based on GPS(Global Positioning System) but the positioning error of mobile phone fall between 5 to 10 meters. Most of existing literature are using beacon in indoor positioning. It use high density and short distance transmission to estimate the distance between transmitter and receiver. Because there is a little literature about using beacon in outdoor positioning, we try to use beacon in outdoor positioning in this paper. BLE(Bluetooth Low Energy) is one of the most common positioning technology how it works is measuring the signal strength to estimate its distance between transmitter and receiver. In this paper we use collection of signal strength data with temperature and relative humidity to build a regression model. We also try back-propagation of supervised neural network to reduce the error of estimating the distance between transmitter and receiver from regression model, and we get 0.426(m) average error with 89.6% accuracy. Subsequently, we use three known coordinates of beacons in triangulation algorithm to find out the coordinate of phone. In this paper, we use Bayesian Regularization of back-propagation neural network to forecast coordinates of phone, and we get 0.6356 (m) average error better than 2.143(m) average error of using regression model.

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HUANG, KUO-CHANG, and 黃國彰. "Performance Analysis of Bluetooth Low Energy Device Discovery." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kn84w7.

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碩士 國立中正大學 雲端計算與物聯網數位學習碩士在職專班 107 The basic concept of Bluetooth low energy is short packet transmission and transient connection. It can quickly establish a connection, send data, and quickly disconnect, so that device discovery becomes a very important consideration. In the device advertising and scanning, the Bluetooth Low Energy Specification has several important parameters. These parameters on the advertiser include Advertising Interval (AI)、Advertising Delay (AD), Advertising Event (AE), ADV_PDU Interval (WA), etc. On the scanner, there are Scan Interval (SI), Scan Window (SW), etc. How these parameters affect the device discovery interaction and the speed of device discovery will be the main topic of this thesis work. We found that, to have a high device discovery probability, WA value should be small while SW value should be large.

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Shen, Fu-Chiun, and 沈富群. "Plantar Pressure/Shear Sensor Array with Bluetooth Low Energy." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9p83da.

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碩士 國立臺北科技大學 機電整合研究所 101 Plantar pressure/shear force array sensor are placed at the bottom of the shoe-pads. When user walks with them, the soles of shoes touch the ground. The Sensing unit perceives different level of pressure and adopts a set of four sensors to detect the Shear force direction. The analog signal is transformed to digital data through the microprocessor in the circuit. The digital signal will then be transmitted to mobile phones or computers through wireless transmission by bluetooth module. As a mobile phone or a computer receives the data, it shows the corresponding position of the foot on the APP. The color which displays on the mobile or computer changes from light to dark with the different perceived level of pressure and represents the current plantar pressure situation of user. Besides, the APP calculates the center of gravity of user according to the numerical value and position of the 16 Sensing unit and it is presented by red star.

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Chang, Pin-Chiang, and 張斌強. "Research of Bluetooth Low Energy Proximity Profile on Smartphone." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mm3bh5.

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碩士 大同大學 通訊工程研究所 102 The Proximity Profile can let 2 devices active or lock itself by the signal quality measurement result. The study is to implement the Proximity Profile in Mobile device and development an App for the distance measure application. It selects the proper mobile platform and uses the development environment for the Application Program. The APP can work through the Proximity Profile and implement the distance measurement in BLE. The APPLE iOS platform is the final choice and development the APP in iPhone 5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bluetooth low energy'

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