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1

You, Zuo, and Yi Zhe. "Bluff." Massachusetts Review 63, no. 4 (December 2022): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mar.2022.0120.

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2

Amin, Shahalam M. N., and Robin G. D. Davidson-Arnott. "Toe erosion of glacial till bluffs: Lake Erie south shore." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 32, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 829–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e95-069.

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Toe erosion and rates of recession of the toe were measured at four sites along a 3.5 km long stretch of shoreline on the south shore of Lake Erie from April to December 1986. The shoreline consists of bluffs ranging from 5 to 12 m in height and developed in overconsolidated till. Toe erosion was measured at peg lines consisting of pins driven horizontally into the face of the bluff at 0.25 m intervals to a height of 1.75 m above the beach, and steel rods driven vertically into the beach with a spacing of 1.5 m. At each site three lines were established and monitored at 1–2 week intervals. Bec
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3

Eguchi, Branco Mateus Murata, and Jacqueline Albino. "BLUFF RETREAT INDUCED BY WAVE ACTION ON A TROPICAL BEACH, IN ESPÍRITO SANTO, BRAZIL." Revista Brasileira de Geofísica 36, no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22564/rbgf.v36i4.959.

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ABSTRACT. Interest in understanding sea bluff erosion along the coasts around the world has grown in recent years, especially when in proximity to urban expansion. To prevent economic, social and environmental losses, it is necessary to understand the factors behind the sea bluff erosion. This study analyzed temporal and spatial changes in wave exposure over 60 years (1948-2008) and the corresponding impacts of these variations on three sea bluffs with similar lithology over 55 years (1953-2008). Erosion distances and annual erosion rates were obtained from aerial and satellite images for the
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4

Tang, Wen Hua, Ren Zhang Qian, Huai Yu Zou, and Bo Ming Pi. "The Optimal Selection Investigation on Flame Holder for Afterburner." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.201.

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In order to determine the bluff body and slitted bluff body flame stability and combustion performance, atmospheric low-speed experimental platform was used to carry out diesel fog combustion experiment for two types of bluff body, which are respectively streamlined V-form added straight channel and triangle V-form added straight channel. Results have shown that flame stability and combustion efficiency of streamlined bluff body is orderly slit width at 13mm, 6mm, 0mm and the triangular bluff body is orderly slit width at 6mm, 13mm, 0mm. Optimal combustion performance is streamlined bluff body
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5

Mollamahdi, Mahdi, and Seyed Abdolmehdi Hashemi. "A numerical study on the flame characteristics and pollutant emissions in a premixed burner: Comparison between porous and solid bluff bodies." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 234, no. 3 (July 15, 2019): 353–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650919861839.

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The effects of porous and solid bluff bodies in the combustion chamber on flame stability limits, gas and solid temperature distributions, pressure drop, methane conversion rate, and CO and NO emissions are examined numerically. The porous and solid bluff bodies are made of SiC with the inner diameter of 50 mm, the outer diameter of 90 mm, and the length of 22 mm. In this study, Renormalization Group k–ε is used for modeling of turbulence. Eddy dissipation concept is selected for modeling of the interaction between turbulence and chemistry. A reduced mechanism based on GRI 3.0 consisting of 16
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6

Hojan, Marcin, and Mirosław Więcław. "Influence of meteorological conditions on aeolian processes along the Polish cliff coast." Baltica 27, no. 1 (September 6, 2014): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2014.27.07.

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This article presents aeolian landforms and meteorological parameters affecting aeolian processes on the south Baltic coastal cliffs of Poland. The analysis was conducted for two weather stations at different locations. The bluffs in the vicinity of the stations have similar geological structure, but differ in height. Velocity and direction of the wind, as well as precipitation, are of dominating importance. Dispelling the cliff starts at wind speeds of two–three ms-1. At this speed, the distance at which the material is transported is short and is only a few meters, while for the transport of
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7

Eyles, N., and K. W. F. Howard. "A hydrochemical study of urban landslides caused by heavy rain: Scarborough Bluffs, Ontario, Canada." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 25, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t88-051.

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Scarborough Bluffs is a 15 km long stretch of the Lake Ontario shoreline east of downtown Toronto. This heavily urbanized area currently represents Canada's most serious erosion problem. The worst affected zone is 1.5 km long and lies along South Marine Drive where 50 m high bluffs are failing by shallow retrogressive failures of jointed glacial clays over underlying deltaic sands and clays. The erosion rate is about four times that for the coastline as a whole.Heavy rains in the Toronto area in August and September 1986 produced a spate of slope failures and mud flows. Particularly heavy stor
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8

Farber, David T., and Heather Weitzner. "BLUFF STABILIZATION AND PROTECTION ON THE GREAT LAKES; A CASE STUDY." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.risk.5.

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The focus of this project was to design a shoreline remediation system that would stabilize and protect an eroding bluff on Lake Ontario. The significance of this project is the innovative techniques utilized to stabilize a 100-foot-high, almost 45º angle bluff from the erosive forces caused by waves, wind, groundwater, and rain. Geosynthetics, blown on compost material, and the installation of an irrigation system were all tools that were utilized for bluff stabilization, while an armor stone revetment was used to protect the toe of the bluff. This project may be used as an example for other
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9

Asep Supriadi, Adhes Gamayel, Murtalim, Ujiburrohman, and Riyan Ariyansah. "PENGARUH BENTUK PENAMPANG BLUFF BODY PERSEGI, BELAH KETUPAT, DAN SEGITIGA TERHADAP TEGANGAN LISTRIK YANG DIHASILKAN OLEH PIEZOELEKTRIK." Jurnal Teknik Mesin Mechanical Xplore 2, no. 2 (March 2, 2022): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36805/jtmmx.v2i2.2169.

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Piezoelektrik adalah perangkat pemanen energi skala mikro yang mengkonversikan energi mekanik menjadi energi listrik. Ketika ada tumbukan pada material piezoelektrik maka akan menyebabkan terjadinya getaran serta menghasilkan tegangan dan defleksi. Metode penelitian ini yaitu dengan mengamati piezoelektrik yang bergetar akibat aliran udara yang melewati penampang bluff body untuk menghasilkan tegangan listrik.. Dimana dimensi dan tinggi dalam satu penampang bluff body persegi, belah ketupat, dan segitiga memiliki ukuran yang sama yaitu 7 cm. Kecepatan aliran angin yang dipakai yaitu 5 m/s, 7 m
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10

Reber. "Calling Maria's Bluff." American Journal of Psychology 134, no. 2 (2021): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/amerjpsyc.134.2.0247.

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11

Menzer, Paul D. "The Olympic Bluff." Ben Jonson Journal 11, no. 1 (January 2004): 41–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/bjj.2004.11.1.6.

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12

Woodward, Phil. "Call my bluff." Significance 3, no. 1 (March 2006): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-9713.2006.00150.x.

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13

Mandal, S., C. S. P. Ojha, P. Bhargava, Hiroshi Noda, Akihiko Nakayama, T. Nozuo, T. Tamura, et al. "CFD (Bluff Body)." Wind Engineers, JAWE 2001, no. 89 (2001): 317–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5359/jawe.2001.89_317.

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14

Richardson, Albert S. "Bluff Body Aerodynamics." Journal of Structural Engineering 112, no. 7 (July 1986): 1723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1986)112:7(1723).

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15

Sanders, Bernard, and Alan Greenspan. "Calling Greenspan's Bluff." Monthly Review 55, no. 5 (October 2, 2003): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-055-05-2003-09_2.

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16

Möller, Key. "The Beijing bluff." Survival 48, no. 2 (June 2006): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00396330600765609.

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17

Smuck, Matthew. "Blind Man's Bluff." Spine Journal 9, no. 6 (June 2009): 518–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2009.04.012.

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18

Newton, Steven. "Call creationism's bluff." New Scientist 212, no. 2833 (October 2011): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(11)62447-0.

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19

Harder, Ben. "Calling Death's Bluff." Science News 170, no. 13 (September 23, 2006): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4017200.

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20

Vanderburg, Willem H. "The Knowledge Bluff." Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 27, no. 5 (October 2007): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0270467607307224.

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21

Pauketat, Timothy R., Robert F. Boszhardt, and Michael Kolb. "Trempealeau’s Little Bluff." Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 42, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 168–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26599955.

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Abstract Archaeological and geomorphological investigations of Little Bluff (47Tr32), in Trempealeau, Wisconsin, reveal how and, possibly, why this loess-capped sandstone ridge spur was anthropogenically altered in the mid-eleventh century A.D. Project excavation units and trenches dug in 2010–2011 revealed the timing, rate of completion, structure, symmetry, and orientation of the construction. In addition to delineating construction details and associated archaeological features, our research suggests that Cahokians, by sculpting and rebuilding this ridge spur, were actively positioning them
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22

Kasum, Kasum, Fajar Mulyana, and Adhes Gamayel. "PIEZOELEKTRIK SEBAGAI PEMANEN ENERGI DENGAN PENAMBAHAN BLUFF BODY SEGITIGA." Simetris: Jurnal Teknik Mesin, Elektro dan Ilmu Komputer 9, no. 2 (November 20, 2018): 747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24176/simet.v9i2.2291.

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Piezoelektrik adalah salah satu alat pemanen energi yang menghasilkan energi listrik ketika mengalami defleksi. Penelitian mengenai bentuk penampang bluff body terhadap tegangan listrik yang dihasilkan piezoelektrik telah dilakukan, namun penelitian tentang potensi bluff body segitiga masih belum dilakukan. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah mengukur tegangan listrik dari piezoelektrik dengan sistem kantilever. Bluff body yang dipasang sebagai penghalang adalah bluff body berpenampang segitiga dengan panjang alas dan tinggi sama yaitu, 1 cm, 2 cm, dan 3 cm. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggu
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23

Sataer, Guzalay, Mohamed Sultan, Mustafa Kemal Emil, John A. Yellich, Monica Palaseanu-Lovejoy, Richard Becker, Esayas Gebremichael, and Karem Abdelmohsen. "Remote Sensing Application for Landslide Detection, Monitoring along Eastern Lake Michigan (Miami Park, MI)." Remote Sensing 14, no. 14 (July 20, 2022): 3474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14143474.

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We assessed the nature and spatial and temporal patterns of deformation over the Miami Park bluffs on the eastern margin of Lake Michigan and investigated the factors controlling its observed deformation. Our approach involved the following steps: (1) extracting bluff deformation rates (velocities along the line of sight of the satellite) using a stack of Sentinel-1A radar imagery in ascending acquisition geometry acquired between 2017 and 2021 and applying the Intermittent Small Baseline Subset (ISBAS) InSAR time series analysis method; (2) generating high-resolution (5 cm) elevation models a
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24

Teimourian, Amir, and Hanifa Teimourian. "Vortex Shedding Suppression: A Review on Modified Bluff Bodies." Eng 2, no. 3 (July 27, 2021): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eng2030021.

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Vortex shedding phenomenon behind bluff bodies and its destructive unsteady wake can be controlled by employing active and passive flow control methods. In this quest, researchers employed experimental fluid dynamics (EFD), computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and an analytical approach to investigate such phenomena to reach a desired outcome. This study reviews the available literature on the flow control of vortex shedding behind bluff bodies and its destructive wake through the modification of the geometry of the bluff body. Various modifications on the bluff body geometries namely perforated
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25

Nyitrai, Endre. "The Advantages and Disadvantages of Tactical Bluff in the Investigation against Criminal Organisations in Hungary." Analele Universității din Oradea. Seria: Relații Internaționale și Studii Europene 2022 (2020): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.58603/bmji4698.

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I have conducted several consultations and interviews with police officers (investigators, detectives, inspectors) pursuing criminal procedures, also with prosecutors, judges and attorneys (hereinafter: criminalists) on what they mean by tactical bluff. I understood, that some criminalists do not differentiate between colloquial bluff and tactical bluff, that can be the source of several mistakes.
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26

Yokoi, Yoshifumi. "Pilot study about the micro hydropower generation by use of flow induced vibration phenomenon." EPJ Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 02122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818002122.

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In order to construct a micro power generation system using a piezo-electric element, power generation was tried using excitation oscillation of the bluff cylinder by the vortex shedding from the bluff cylinder. The bluff cylinder consists of a board spring section in which the piezo-electric element was attached, and a body section. The bluff cylinder was inserted into the water flow, the shape and the submersion depth of the bluff cylinder, and the flow velocity were varied, and the power generation characteristic was investigated. As a result, it was found that it can generate electricity b
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27

HARASHIMA, Taiji. "Bubbles, Bluffs and Greed." Theoretical and Practical Research in the Economic Fields 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/tpref.v6.1(11).02.

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A rational bubble cannot theoretically exist if people have infinite horizons. This paper shows that a
 bubble-like phenomenon can be generated by a “bluff” even if people are rational and have infinite horizons. A
 bluff is defined as the behavior of an agent who pretends to possess private information to gain profits,
 particularly (false or misleading) information that the representative household’s rate of time preference (RTP
 RH) has changed. An alternative definition of the representative household indicates that households must ex
 ante generate an expected RTP
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28

Siddiqui, Naseeb Ahmed, and Martin Agelin-Chaab. "Nature-inspired solutions to bluff body aerodynamic problems: A review." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 15, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 8095–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.15.2.2021.13.0638.

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This review investigates the nature-inspired techniques for the optimization of the aerodynamic forces on bluff bodies. To provide a rich understanding of these nature-inspired phenomena, three distinct zones of the species fishes (nektons), birds (avians) and the fast running land animals are considered. This allows contextualizing different capabilities of the species in different environmental necessities. The review follows a trend in which drag reduction capabilities of individual parts of these species, including body shape & size, tails, fins, surface structure, wings, and wingtips,
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Ghazian Arabi, Mahsa, Ali Farhadzadeh, and Ali Khosravi. "RECESSION OF PREDOMINANTLY SANDY BLUFFS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.sediment.78.

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Climate change and sea level rise are anticipated to accelerate coastal erosion, a major societal issue during the past half-century (Hapke, et al., 2009). While important progress has been made in predicting sandy beach responses to various ocean climates, a similar progress has not been made for coastal bluffs. Coastal bluff recession is a natural process that can become a hazard when it endangers buildings and developed properties. Despite some early works on cohesive shoreline erosion mechanisms (Dalrymple, et al., 1986; Sunamura, 1985), prediction of bluff recession still remains one of t
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30

Kantoch, Robert, Agnieszka Wawrzak, and Artur Tyliszczak. "Numerical analysis of influence of various bluff-body shapes on diffusion flame dynamics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2367, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2367/1/012016.

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Abstract In this paper, various bluff-body shapes (cylindrical, square, star) and two different surface topologies (smooth, wavy) are applied as passive tools for controlling a non-premixed hydrogen flame in a combustion chamber. We focus on the dynamics of the flame and its time-averaged characteristics in the close vicinity of an injection system within formed recirculation zones and also in a far-field. The research is performed with the help of large-eddy simulations (LES) method using the ANSYS Fluent software and a high-order academic code SAILOR. Flame behaviour is found to be strongly
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31

Sadewo, Leo Fendi, Riyan Ariyansah, Adhes Gamayel, Sefnath J. E. Sarwuna, and Ujiburrohman U. "PENGARUH VARIASI UKURAN PENAMPANG BLUFF BODY BELAHKETUPAT TERHADAP TEGANGAN LISTRIK YANG DIHASILKAN PIEZOELEKTRIK." Journal Teknik Mesin, Elektro, Informatika, Kelautan dan Sains 2, no. 1 (July 12, 2022): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/metiks.2022.2.1.27-33.

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Abstrak Piezoelektrik adalah komponen elektronika yang biasanya digunakan dalam perangkat yang berhubungan dengan bunyi atau bisa juga sebagai tranduser yang dapat mengubang energi mekanik menjadi energi listrik ketika menerima getaran. Namun, dimensi piezoelektrik yang kecil dan tipis menyebabkan defleksi yang kecil yang dihasilkan oleh piezoelektrik tersebut, itulah kelemahan yang dimiliki oleh piezoelektrik. Oleh karena itu, piezoelektrik digolongkan sebagai penghasil energi listrik untuk tingkatan micro. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui besar potensi energi listrik yang d
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32

Umyshev, Dias, Abay Dostiyarov, Andrey Kibarin, Galya Tyutebayeva, Gaziza Katranova, and Darkhan Akpanbetov. "Experimental investigation of distance between v-gutters on flame stabilization and NOx emissions." Thermal Science 23, no. 5 Part B (2019): 2971–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180503007u.

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Blow-off performance and NOx emissions of the propane and air mixture in a rectangular combustion chamber with bluff bodies were investigated experimentally and numerically. The effects of distance between bluff bodies on NOx emissions, the blow-off limit, and exhaust gas temperature were examined. It was observed that NOx emissions are highly dependent on distance between V-gutters. The re-circulation zone behind the bluff body expands in width based on the decrease of distance between V-gutters, and expands in length with the increase of inlet velocity. The temperature fields behind the bluf
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Gamayel, Adhes. "Pengaruh Pemasangan Bluff Body Terhadap Karakteristik Pembakaran Biobriket." Semesta Teknika 17, no. 1 (November 25, 2015): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/st.v17i1.409.

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Biofuels are organic feedstock fuel produced by living organisms, such as solids, liquids, or gases. Biobriket combustion process is affected by the heating value biobriket constituent materials and the amount of air entering the biobriket combustion chamber. The purpose of this study isto determine the effect of variations of the bluff bodygeometry on the biobriket burning process. The independent variable used in this study, arethe fan rotation and the bluff bodygeometry. Fan rotation being used are 1000 rpm, 1200 rpm, 1400 rpm, 1600 rpm, 1800 rpm and 2000 rpm, while the bluff body geometry
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34

Mat Ali, Mohamed Sukri, Sheikh Ahmad Zaki Shaikh Salim, Mohamad Hafz Ismail, Sallehuddin Muhamad, and Muhammad Iyas Mahzan. "Aeolian Tones Radiated from Flow Over Bluff Bodies." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 7, no. 1 (October 18, 2013): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01307010048.

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Bluff body is a simple but a central shape for many engineering applications. The geometry shape of the bluff body characterises the behaviour of the flow over the bluff body, where a more complex flow structure is found near downstream. Shear layer separation is mainly responsible for the periodic global phenomena, that includes the generation of sound. The magnitude of the aerodynamically generated sound is dominated by the fluctuations of aerodynamics forces, i.e., drag and lift. The study also shows that the sound pressure field is shaped by the aeolian tones that is related strongly to th
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35

Zhang, Changjiang, Lin Ding, Lin Yang, Zuomei Yang, Zesheng Yang, and Li Zhang. "Influence of Shape and Piezoelectric-Patch Length on Energy Conversion of Bluff Body-Based Wind Energy Harvester." Complexity 2020 (July 14, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3789809.

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The technology of scavenging ambient energy to realize self-powered of wireless sensor has an important value in practice. In order to investigate the effects of piezoelectric-patch length and the shape of front bluff body on energy conversion of the wind energy harvester by flow-induced vibration, the characteristics of a piezoelectric wind energy harvester based on bluff body are experimentally studied in this work. Four different section shapes of the bluff body, including triangular cylinder, trapezoidal cylinder, reverse trapezoidal cylinder, and square cylinder, are tested. The piezoelec
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36

Hansl, Matthias. "Lüge, Bluff & Co." Kursbuch 53, no. 189 (2017): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0023-5652-2017-189-9.

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37

Bardakhanov, S. P., S. A. Kozlov, Seiji Nakato, Kichiro Kimura, Yozo Fujino, Takanobu Ogawa, Satoru Okamoto, et al. "Bluff bodjjy (Fundamental Study)." Wind Engineers, JAWE 2001, no. 89 (2001): 129–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5359/jawe.2001.89_129.

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38

MATSUDA, Kazutoshi, Hidesaku UEJIMA, Takashi SUGIMOTO, N. W. Mureithi, S. Goda, H. Kanki, T. Nakamura, et al. "Bluff Body (Dynamic Problem)." Wind Engineers, JAWE 2001, no. 89 (2001): 213–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5359/jawe.2001.89_213.

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39

Knight, Vernon James, George E. Lankford, Erin Phillips, David H. Dye, Vincas P. Steponaitis, and Mitchell R. Childress. "The Holly Bluff style." Southeastern Archaeology 36, no. 3 (February 15, 2017): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0734578x.2017.1286569.

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40

Fletcher, M. "It pays to bluff." Teaching Mathematics and its Applications 20, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/teamat/20.2.75.

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41

Meister, J. Patrick. "A Bluff-Bidding Exercise." Journal of Economic Education 42, no. 2 (April 6, 2011): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220485.2011.555719.

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42

J.B. "Introduction: Calling our bluff." Child & Youth Care Forum 25, no. 5 (October 1996): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02589243.

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43

Singh, Sabita Madhvi. "Analysis of Vortex Around Bluff Body." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 6 (October 1, 2011): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/june2013/74.

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44

Triyogi, Y., D. Suprayogi, and E. Spirda. "Reducing the drag on a circular cylinder by upstream installation of an I-type bluff body as passive control." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 223, no. 10 (June 5, 2009): 2291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1543.

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The bluff body cut from a small circular cylinder that is cut at both sides parallel to the y-axis was used as passive control to reduce the drag of a larger circular cylinder. The small bluff body cut is called an I-type bluff body, which interacts with a larger one downstream. I-type bluff bodies with different cutting angles of θs = 0°(circular), 10°, 20°, 30°, 45°, 53°, and 65° were located in front and at the line axis of the circular cylinder at a spacing S/ d = 1.375, where their cutting surfaces are perpendicular to the free stream velocity vector. The tandem arrangement was tested in
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45

Fallaw, W., David Snipes, and Van Price. "Wandering With William Bartram: The Section At Silver Bluff, South Carolina." Earth Sciences History 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.13.1.pw32124312286527.

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In his famous book, William Bartram (1791) described a stratigraphic section at Silver Bluff on the Savannah River in Aiken County, South Carolina, as dark, laminated clay containing belemnites, overlain by clays, sand, marl, and a shelly bed containing numerous oysters. There are now no known occurrences of marine megafossils in outcrops along the Savannah in Aiken County. The wording of Bartram's description of Cretaceous outcrops along the Cape Fear River in North Carolina indicates that the lower part of the Silver Bluff section was described from notes made on the Cape Fear and from his f
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46

Thompson, Mark C., Thomas Leweke, and Kerry Hourigan. "Bluff Bodies and Wake–Wall Interactions." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 53, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 347–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-072220-123637.

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This review surveys the dramatic variations in wake structures and flow transitions, in addition to body forces, that appear as the motion of bluff bodies through a fluid occurs increasingly closer to a solid wall. In particular, we discuss the two cases of bluff bodies translating parallel to solid walls at varying heights and bluff bodies impacting on solid walls. In the former case, we highlight the changes to the wake structures as the flow varies from that of an isolated body to that of a body on or very close to the wall, including the effects when the body is rotating. For the latter ca
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47

Meunier, P., S. Le Dizès, L. Redekopp, and G. R. Spedding. "Internal waves generated by a stratified wake: experiment and theory." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 846 (May 9, 2018): 752–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.278.

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This paper presents experimental and theoretical results on the internal waves emitted by a bluff body moving horizontally in a linearly stratified fluid. Three different bluff bodies (a sphere, a spheroid and a cylinder) have been used in order to study the effect of the shape of the bluff body, although most of the results are obtained for the sphere. Two types of internal waves have been observed experimentally: large wavelength lee waves generated by the bluff body itself and small wavelength coherent wake waves generated by the turbulent wake. First, the lee waves are separated from the w
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48

Yang, Gelan, Huixia Jin, and Na Bai. "A Numerical Study on Premixed Bluff Body Flame of Different Bluff Apex Angle." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/272567.

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In order to investigate effects of apex angle (α) on chemically reacting turbulent flow and thermal fields in a channel with a bluff body V-gutter flame holder, a numerical study has been carried out in this paper. With a basic geometry used in a previous experimental study, the apex angle was varied from 45° to 150°. Eddy dissipation concept (EDC) combustion model was used for air and propane premixed flame. LES-Smagorinsky model was selected for turbulence. The gird-dependent learning and numerical model verification were done. Both nonreactive and reactive conditions were analyzed and compa
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Gibbs, Ann, Li Erikson, Benjamin Jones, Bruce Richmond, and Anita Engelstad. "Seven Decades of Coastal Change at Barter Island, Alaska: Exploring the Importance of Waves and Temperature on Erosion of Coastal Permafrost Bluffs." Remote Sensing 13, no. 21 (November 3, 2021): 4420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214420.

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Observational data of coastal change over much of the Arctic are limited largely due to its immensity, remoteness, harsh environment, and restricted periods of sunlight and ice-free conditions. Barter Island, Alaska, is one of the few locations where an extensive, observational dataset exists, which enables a detailed assessment of the trends and patterns of coastal change over decadal to annual time scales. Coastal bluff and shoreline positions were delineated from maps, aerial photographs, and satellite imagery acquired between 1947 and 2020, and at a nearly annual rate since 2004. Rates and
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50

Gunawan Tista, I. Putu Gede, I. Gusti Ngurah Putra Tenaya, and I. Gusti Ngurah Putu Sudanta. "Pengaruh Variasi Jarak Penghalang Segitiga di depan Silinder Arah Vertikal terhadap Drag." Jurnal Energi Dan Manufaktur 11, no. 1 (April 27, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jem.2018.v11.i01.p03.

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Salah satu cara untuk menghemat energi pada pesawat terbang dan bluff body lainnya adalah dengan mengurangi drag. Drag erat hubungannya dengan separasi aliran. Semakin awal terjadi separasi maka drag semakin meningkat. Oleh karena itu upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengurangi drag adalah dengan memanipulasi medan aliran fluida. Manipulasi aliran bisa dilakukan secara pasif antara lain menempelkan sebuah sirip pada bluff body, melubangi bluff body, menambahkan spiral pada bluff body dan menempatkan penghalang yang lebih kecil didepan bluff body. Penelitian ini yaitu dengan cara menempatkan penghala
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