Journal articles: 'Blum Blum Shub'

1

Ding, C. "Blum-Blum-Shub generator." Electronics Letters 33, no. 8 (1997): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19970440.

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Arroyo, Jan Carlo T. "An Improved Affine Cipher using Blum Blum Shub Algorithm." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering 9, no. 3 (June 25, 2020): 3295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2020/126932020.

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Harahap, Citono, Garuda Ginting, and Taronisokhi Zebua. "Perancangan Aplikasi Pengacakan Pemenang Undian Berhadiah Menggunakan Metode Blum-Blum Shub Berbasis Android." JURIKOM (Jurnal Riset Komputer) 7, no. 2 (April 26, 2020): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/jurikom.v7i2.2112.

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Lottery or commonly known as a lottery is one way to raise funds used for humanitarian projects and social activities or a way to determine the winner randomly. So, the lottery does a random gift-giving process and the lottery is synonymous with the lottery. The design of a lottery winner randomization application is one of the more modern ways and can attract many lottery participants to enter the lottery by reducing the cost of printing and distributing lottery tickets. One of them is the blum blub shub method, which is a method that functions to generate random numbers mathematically with the resulting output is a series of binary numbers. the numbers that are made as winners. The designed application only simulates the process of inputting lottery numbers and the randomization process to get the winning numbers

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Ahmed, Hanaa Mohusan, and Ahmed Oday Alazzawi. "User Authentication Secure by Randomly Cubic Spline Curve and Blum Blum Shub Algorithm." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 30, no. 1 (August 15, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v30i1.421.

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With the tremendous development witnessed by the world in recent times, computer security significance expanded as insurance procedure of registering systems and authentication the user with scientific and technological developments are increasing every day. This assurance procedure is connected for touchy information such of electronic business, electronic learning, and electronic saving money exchange, online networking and more administrations over the web by utilizing login application to distinguish the character for doing this authentication. The problem by using some application login how to detected the user authentic and experimental data collection and separated the duplicated name that may be Confusion the system with speed detected and difficult attack. This paper solve this problem by used Cubic spline to easy represented name and easy detected by distance Euclidean equation, authentication techniques utilized as insurance process by securing name mix with Blum Blum Shub (BBS) algorithm that have randomly number. In this work, the application is founded on type name that the combine with (BBS) and represented by cubic spline, to detected user. The result of proposed work require randomly number to drawing the curve to detect and how much the different shape in cubic spline curve that can be detected. Assurance gives affirmation distinguished suitable security and all the more effortlessly least complex that developing popular in the online application that shows in result some portion of the paper

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Sodhi, Gurpreet Kour, and Gurjot Singh Gaba. "DNA and Blum Blum Shub Random Number Generator Based Security Key Generation Algorithm." International Journal of Security and Its Applications 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsia.2017.11.4.01.

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Laia, O., E. M. Zamzami, and Sutarman. "Analysis of Combination Algorithm Data Encryption Standard (DES) and Blum-Blum-Shub (BBS)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1898, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1898/1/012017.

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7

Kapovich, Michael. "Discreteness is undecidable." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 26, no. 03 (May 2016): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196716500193.

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Vybornova, Y. D. "Password-based key derivation function as one of Blum-Blum-Shub pseudo-random generator applications." Procedia Engineering 201 (2017): 428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.669.

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9

Calvert, Wesley, Ken Kramer, and Russell Miller. "The Cardinality of an Oracle in Blum-Shub-Smale Computation." Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science 24 (June 3, 2010): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4204/eptcs.24.10.

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10

Koepke, P., and A. S. Morozov. "The Computational Power of Infinite Time Blum–Shub–Smale Machines." Algebra and Logic 56, no. 1 (March 2017): 37–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10469-017-9425-x.

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11

Triesch, E. "A note on a theorem of Blum, Shub, and Smale." Journal of Complexity 6, no. 2 (June 1990): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0885-064x(90)90004-w.

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12

Koiran, Pascal. "A Weak Version of the Blum, Shub, and Smale Model." Journal of Computer and System Sciences 54, no. 1 (February 1997): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcss.1997.1478.

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13

Brimkov, Valentin E., and Stefan S. Danchev. "Real Data—Integer Solution Problems within the Blum–Shub–Smale Computational Model." Journal of Complexity 13, no. 2 (June 1997): 279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcom.1997.0446.

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14

Goode, John B. "Accessible telephone directories." Journal of Symbolic Logic 59, no. 1 (March 1994): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2275252.

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AbstractWe reduce to a standard circuit-size complexity problem a relativisation of the P=NP question that we believe to be connected with the same question in the model for computation over the reals defined by L. Blum. M. Shub, and S. Smale. On this occasion, we set the foundations of a general theory for computation over an arbitrary structure, extending what these three authors did in the case of rings.

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Cucker, Felipe, and Klaus Meer. "Logics which capture complexity classes over the reals." Journal of Symbolic Logic 64, no. 1 (March 1999): 363–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2586770.

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AbstractIn this paper we deal with the logical description of complexity classes arising in the real number model of computation introduced by Blum, Shub, and Smale [4]. We adapt the approach of descriptive complexity theory for this model developped in [14] and extend it to capture some further complexity classes over the reals by logical means. Among the latter we find NCℝ, PARℝ, EXPℝ and some others more.

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16

McNicholl, Timothy H. "Review of "Complexity and real computation" by Blum, Cucker, Shub, and Smale. Springer-Verlag." ACM SIGACT News 32, no. 2 (June 2001): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/504192.1005765.

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Herrmann, Christian, Johanna Sokoli, and Martin Ziegler. "Satisfiability of cross product terms is complete for real nondeterministic polytime Blum-Shub-Smale machines." Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science 128 (September 4, 2013): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4204/eptcs.128.16.

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18

Zhong, Ning. "Recursively enumerable subsets of Rq in two computing models Blum-Shub-Smale machine and Turing machine." Theoretical Computer Science 197, no. 1-2 (May 1998): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(97)00008-x.

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Bach, Eric. "Book review: Complexity and real computation, by Lenore Blum, Felipe Cucker, Michael Shub, and Steve Smale." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 6, no. 2 (2001): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1026022601000152.

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20

K. Sodhi, Gurpreet, Gurjot S. Gaba, Lavish Kansal, Eduard Babulak, Mohammed AlZain, Sandeep Kumar Arora, and Mehedi Masud. "Preserving Authenticity and Integrity of Distributed Networks through Novel Message Authentication Code." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1297-1304.

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<p>In this era of universal electronic connectivity, communication is no more confined to transfer of data from one end to the other; rather it aims at secure data transfer. Communication sector has developed beyond this traditional boundary of data transfer and is now working on ways to provide data from the intended senders to the intended receivers in an unaltered form. Considering all these conditions, the data transfer needs to follow the principles of authentication, confidentiality and integrity. The former two have been addressed using digital signatures and encryption schemes respectively, while the solution to the later is the use of Message Authentication Code. This paper presents a Message Authentication Code scheme, which uses the biological characteristics represented by Deoxyribonucleic acid combined with the output of Blum Blum Shub Random Number Generator, as a secret key along with a novel hash algorithm. This Message Authentication Code structure is evaluated on the basis of National Institute of Science and Technology test suite for random numbers, avalanche criteria and network attacks. The results reveal that the proposed scheme performs well under all the criteria and thus is capable of preserving integrity; this increases its applicability in any data sensitive environment<em>.</em></p>

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21

Whyman, Richard. "Physical Computational Complexity and First-order Logic." Fundamenta Informaticae 181, no. 2-3 (August 4, 2021): 129–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-2021-2054.

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We present the concept of a theory machine, which is an atemporal computational formalism that is deployable within an arbitrary logical system. Theory machines are intended to capture computation on an arbitrary system, both physical and unphysical, including quantum computers, Blum-Shub-Smale machines, and infinite time Turing machines. We demonstrate that for finite problems, the computational power of any device characterisable by a finite first-order theory machine is equivalent to that of a Turing machine. Whereas for infinite problems, their computational power is equivalent to that of a type-2 machine. We then develop a concept of complexity for theory machines, and prove that the class of problems decidable by a finite first order theory machine with polynomial resources is equal to 𝒩𝒫 ∩ co-𝒩𝒫.

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Sihombing, Grace Lamudur Arta. "HYBRID CHRIPTOGRAPHY STREAM CIPHER AND RSA ALGORITHM WITH DIGITAL SIGNATURE AS A KEY." InfoTekJar (Jurnal Nasional Informatika dan Teknologi Jaringan) 1, no. 2 (March 6, 2017): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/infotekjar.v1i2.66.

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Confidentiality of data is very important in communication. Many cyber crimes that exploit security holes for entry and manipulation. To ensure the security and confidentiality of the data, required a certain technique to encrypt data or information called cryptography. It is one of the components that can not be ignored in building security. And this research aimed to analyze the hybrid cryptography with symmetric key by using a stream cipher algorithm and asymmetric key by using RSA (Rivest Shamir Adleman) algorithm. The advantages of hybrid cryptography is the speed in processing data using a symmetric algorithm and easy transfer of key using asymmetric algorithm. This can increase the speed of transaction processing data. Stream Cipher Algorithm using the image digital signature as a keys, that will be secured by the RSA algorithm. So, the key for encryption and decryption are different. Blum Blum Shub methods used to generate keys for the value p, q on the RSA algorithm. It will be very difficult for a cryptanalyst to break the key. Analysis of hybrid cryptography stream cipher and RSA algorithms with digital signatures as a key, indicates that the size of the encrypted file is equal to the size of the plaintext, not to be larger or smaller so that the time required for encryption and decryption process is relatively fast.

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Ceola, Corine, and Pierre B. A. Lecomte. "Computability of a map and decidability of its graph in the model of Blum, Shub and Smale." Theoretical Computer Science 194, no. 1-2 (March 1998): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(97)00177-1.

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24

Xiao-Long, Hu. "The representation of a program in the Blum-Shub-Smale theory of computation over an arbitrary ring." ACM SIGACT News 24, no. 3 (October 1993): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/166589.166596.

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25

Welch, Philip. "Characterisations of variant transfinite computational models: Infinite time Turing, ordinal time Turing, and Blum–Shub–Smale machines." Computability 10, no. 2 (April 16, 2021): 159–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/com-200301.

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We consider how changes in transfinite machine architecture can sometimes alter substantially their capabilities. We approach the subject by answering three open problems touching on: firstly differing halting time considerations for machines with multiple as opposed to single heads, secondly space requirements, and lastly limit rules. We: 1) use admissibility theory, Σ 2 -codes and Π 3 -reflection properties in the constructible hierarchy to classify the halting times of ITTMs with multiple independent heads; the same for Ordinal Turing Machines which have On length tapes; 2) determine which admissible lengths of tapes for transfinite time machines with long tapes allow the machine to address each of their cells – a question raised by B. Rin; 3) characterise exactly the strength and behaviour of transfinitely acting Blum–Shub–Smale machines using a Liminf rule on their registers – thereby establishing there is a universal such machine. This is in contradistinction to the machine using a ‘continuity’ rule which fails to be universal.

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26

Portier, Natacha. "Le problème des grandes puissances et celui des grandes racines." Journal of Symbolic Logic 65, no. 4 (December 2000): 1675–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2695068.

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RésuméSoit f une fonction de N dans N qui ne soit pas calculable en temps polynomial, et a un élément d'un corps differentiel K de caractéristique nulle. Nous appelons probleme des grandes puissances l'ensembledes uples = (x1…..xn) de K telsque x1 = af(n) et problème des grandes racines l'ensemble des uples de K tels que . Ce sont deux exemples de problèmes que l'utilisation de la dérivée ne permet pas de résoudre plus rapidement. Nous montrons que le problème des grandes racines n'est pas polynomial au sens des corps differentiels, même si nous autorisons un nombre polynomial de paramètres. et que le problème des grandes puissances n'est pas polynomial au sens des corps differentiels. même au niveau non uniforme. Les démonstrations utilisent la stabilité polynomial de la théorie des corps de caractéristique nulle. montrée par L. Blum, F. dicker. M. Shub et S. Smale, ainsi que le lemme de réduction qui permet de ramener un polynôme differentiel des variables a un polynôme des variables et de leurs dérivées.

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MEER, KLAUS. "SOME INITIAL THOUGHTS ON BOUNDED QUERY COMPUTATIONS OVER THE REALS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 23, no. 07 (November 2012): 1499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054112400618.

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A classical theme in recursion theory is the question whether for a set A and n given elements x1,…,xn, an oracle machine having access to an oracle B can determine which of the elements xi belong to A. And if yes, how many queries are necessary? Here, B = A is possible and leads to interesting special cases of the general question In the present paper we adapt classical notions in this area of bounded query computations to real number algorithms as formalized by Blum, Shub, and Smale and analyze them in the new framework. Among the results obtained we find: A real version of a non-speedup theorem based on real quantifier elimination, some basic properties about selective real sets, and a way to construct natural terse sets in ℝ by applying the implicit function theorem. The purpose of the paper is on presenting some interesting questions and basic results as an appertizer to intensify research into this direction.

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Gavaldà, Ricard, and Hava T. Siegelmann. "Discontinuities in Recurrent Neural Networks." Neural Computation 11, no. 3 (April 1, 1999): 715–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976699300016638.

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This article studies the computational power of various discontinuous real computational models that are based on the classical analog recurrent neural network (ARNN). This ARNN consists of finite number of neurons; each neuron computes a polynomial net function and a sigmoid-like continuous activation function. We introduce arithmetic networks as ARNN augmented with a few simple discontinuous (e.g., threshold or zero test) neurons. We argue that even with weights restricted to polynomial time computable reals, arithmetic networks are able to compute arbitrarily complex recursive functions. We identify many types of neural networks that are at least as powerful as arithmetic nets, some of which are not in fact discontinuous, but they boost other arithmetic operations in the net function (e.g., neurons that can use divisions and polynomial net functions inside sigmoid-like continuous activation functions). These arithmetic networks are equivalent to the Blum-Shub-Smale model, when the latter is restricted to a bounded number of registers. With respect to implementation on digital computers, we show that arithmetic networks with rational weights can be simulated with exponential precision, but even with polynomial-time computable real weights, arithmetic networks are not subject to any fixed precision bounds. This is in contrast with the ARNN that are known to demand precision that is linear in the computation time. When nontrivial periodic functions (e.g., fractional part, sine, tangent) are added to arithmetic networks, the resulting networks are computationally equivalent to a massively parallel machine. Thus, these highly discontinuous networks can solve the presumably intractable class of PSPACE-complete problems in polynomial time.

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Hawkins, Tracy S., Nathan M. Schiff, Emile S. Gardiner, Theodor Leininger, Margaret S. Devall, Dan Wilson, Paul Hamel, Deborah D. McCown, and Kristina Connor. "Micropropagation of the Endangered Shrub Pondberry (Lindera melissifolia [Walt.] Blume)." HortScience 42, no. 2 (April 2007): 407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.2.407.

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A micropropagation protocol using shoot cultures is described for Lindera melissifolia, a federally listed endangered shrub endemic to the southeastern United States. Stock plants were harvested from native L. melissifolia populations growing in the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. In vitro proliferation was on woody plant medium supplemented with 1 μm zeatin. After 6 weeks, zeatin level was increased to 5 μm. Treatment of micropropagated shoots with a liquid auxin (2 indole-3-butyric acid : 1 1-naphthalenacetic acid) resulted in a low mean rooting percentage (≤44%) compared with rooting in the absence of auxins and on a pure peat medium ex vitro, which increased rooting to ≥80%. Time to rooting was 8 weeks. Plants were acclimatized for 2 weeks, then potted in a 2 peat : 1 perlite medium supplemented with superphosphate, 10N–10P–10K, and Milorganite. Micropropagated L. melissifolia stecklings have been successfully outplanted in both controlled and field studies at the Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research (Stoneville, Miss.).

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Bir, Richard E., T. G. Ranney, and R. K. Jones. "SHRUB ROSES: LOW MAINTENANCE?" HortScience 31, no. 5 (September 1996): 754b—754. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.5.754b.

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Twelve shrub rose cultivars were evaluated for pest resistance in the southern Blue Ridge mountains under high humidity and rainfall (1.34 inches per week average during the 1994 and 1995 growing seasons). `Albo plena', `Blanc Double de Coubert', `Fru Dagmar Hastrup', `Roseraie de l'Hay', R. rugosa `Alba', `Sarah van Fleet', and `Topaz Jewel' were highly resistant to black spot and Cercospora sp. leaf spot. `Alba Meidiland', `Linda Campbell', `Pink Meidiland', and `Scarlet Meidiland' were susceptible, while `Bonica' displayed intermediate resistance to both diseases. `Sarah van Fleet' foliage and the flowers of `Albo plena', `Blanc Double de Coubert', and R. rugosa `Alba' were damaged by Japanese beetle feeding. No other cultivars were damaged by Japanese beetles.

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31

Krentz, T. S., B. K. Behe, V. V. Allen, and C. C. Montgomery. "CULTIVAR COMPARISON OF BUDDLEIA AS A CUT FLOWER." HortScience 30, no. 3 (June 1995): 439g—440. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.3.439g.

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Buddleia sp., butterfly bush, is a large, arching shrub with spike-shaped inflorescences in a wide range of colors including pink, purple, yellow, and white. Our objective was to determine which cultivars of Buddleia had an acceptable postharvest life and potentially could be used as cut flowers. Stems of `Black Knight', `Charming Summer', `Empire Blue', `Lochinch', `Nanho Blue', `Nanho Purple', `Pink Delight', `Royal Red', `White Profusion', and `Sungold' were harvested when one-third to two-thirds of the florets had opened. Within 2 hours of harvest, flower stems were recut under water, placed in vases containing 10 g Floralife/liter, and placed in a simulated consumer environment. Daily fresh weight, open and total length of inflorescence, and inflorescence color were measured. `Charming Summer', `Pink Delight', `Royal Red', `Sungold', `Lochinch', `White Profusion', and `Nanho Blue' performed best.

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Nelson, S. D., L. C. Buss, and J. M. Mayo. "Nitrogen fixation in relation to Hudsonia tomentosa: a pioneer species in sand dunes, northeastern Alberta." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 11 (November 1, 1986): 2495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-331.

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Blue-green algae, including species of Oscillatoria, Lyngbya, Microcystis, and Nostocaceae were isolated from green sand associated with Hudsonia tomentosa. Green sands were consistently found in the buried phyllosphere and rhizosphere of Hudsonia and on the surface to varying depths under Hudsonia plants. Organisms in these sands fixed nitrogen at maximum rates of 1 nmol C2H4∙g soil−1∙h−1. Seasonal variation in rates was largely explained by optima of 30% soil water content and 28 to 33 °C soil temperature. Green sands were not associated with any other vascular plant at the study sites. The results suggest a preference of free-living blue-green algae for Hudsonia which may relate to the ability of this dwarf shrub to colonize nutrient-poor sand sites, such as blowouts and sand dunes in the Pinus banksiana – lichen woodlands of northeastern Alberta.

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Confer, John L., Jeffery L. Larkin, and Paul E. Allen. "Effects of Vegetation, Interspecific Competition, and Brood Parasitism on Golden-Winged Warbler (Vermivora Chrysoptera) Nesting Success." Auk 120, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/120.1.138.

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Abstract The recent decline of Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) correlates with the loss of suitable nesting habitat, range expansion by Blue-winged Warblers (V. pinus), and eastward expansion of Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater). Multivariate statistics were used to examine effects of those factors on Golden-winged Warbler reproduction in north central New York. Herb and shrub cover were positively correlated with clutch size. Blue-winged Warbler proximity was negatively correlated with Golden-winged Warbler clutch size. Tree cover and perhaps herb cover, after adjusting for brood size, correlated with a reduced number of Golden-winged Warbler fledglings. Herbaceous cover correlated with a greater number of cowbird eggs in Golden-winged Warbler nests. Cowbird parasitism correlated with a reduction in the number of Golden-winged Warbler eggs incubated and proportion of incubated eggs that hatched. However, cowbird parasitism, after adjusting for brood size, did not significantly affect nestling success rate. Cowbirds parasitized 30% of Golden-winged Warbler nests, which reduced the number of Golden-winged Warblers fledged by ∼17%. Average herb and tree cover values were 69 and 22 in Golden-winged Warbler territories and 60 and 23 in Blue-winged Warbler territories, respectively, with herb cover significantly greater for Golden-winged Warblers. Territories in the earliest stages of succession used by Golden-winged Warblers supported larger clutches and a reduction in the strong, negative effect of Blue-winged Warbler proximity and an increase in the negative effect correlated with cowbirds, if cowbirds were locally abundant.

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Behe, B. K., and T. S. Krentz. "Longevity of Buddleia Not Affected by Silver Thiosulfate Pulse." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 835A—835. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.835a.

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Research shows differences among flowering species in ethylene sensitivity in response to ethylene inhibitors, including silver thiosulfate. Buddleia sp. is an arching shrub with spike-shaped inlforescences in a wide range of colors, including pink, purple, yellow, and white. The objective of this study was to determine optimal pulsing time of silver thiosulfate to maximize the postharvest life of five cultivars of Buddleia sp.: `Empire Blue', `Lochinch', `Nanho Blue', `Pink Delight', `Royal Red', and `Sungold'. Flower stems harvested at 1/3 to 2/3 development were transported to a simulated consumer environment. Stems were recut under water and pulsed for 0, 30, 60, and 120 min prior to placing them in a solution of deionized water and Floralife at 10 3 g·liter–1. No silver thiosulfate treatment was more effective than the control at extending vaselife, increasing floret development, or increasing stem fresh weight.

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35

Godt, Mary Jo W., and J. L. Hamrick. "Allozyme diversity in the endangered shrub Linderamelissifolia (Lauraceae) and its widespread congener Linderabenzoin." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 12 (December 1, 1996): 2080–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-236.

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Allozyme diversity was assessed in 15 populations of the endangered clonal shrub Linderamelissifolia (Walt.) Blume (pondberry; Lauraceae) throughout its range in the southeastern United States and in five populations of spicebush (Linderabenzoin (L.) Blume), a sexually reproducing, co-occurring congener. Low levels of allozyme variation characterize both dioecious species. Although genetic diversity was moderately high (HT = 0.239) at polymorphic loci for L. benzoin, few of the 42 loci were polymorphic (Ps = 35%; Pp = 25%), and thus overall estimates of genetic diversity were relatively low (Hes = 0.083; Hep = 0.070). Little genetic variation was detected at 27 loci within L. melissifolia (Hes = 0.025; Hep = 0.015). Nine L. melissifolia loci (33%) were polymorphic but genetic diversity was low (HT = 0.074) at these loci, and few were polymorphic within populations (mean = 6.7%). The number of multilocus genotypes detected in L. melissifolia populations ranged from 1 to 18, with a mean of 4.5. Mean genetic identities between populations within each species were high (I = 0.98 and 0.99 for L. benzoin and L. melissifolia, respectively), a result of the high numbers of monomorphic loci. Despite the high genetic similarity of populations, estimates of gene flow were low to moderate (Nm = 0.82 and 1.25 for L. melissifolia and L. benzoin, respectively). The lower genetic diversity within L. melissifolia may be primarily due to bottlenecks during its evolutionary history. The recent loss of populations and of genets within populations have probably further eroded genetic diversity. To reduce the risk of extinction, effective population sizes of L. melissifolia could be enhanced by increasing genotypic diversity within populations.

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Chen, Yan, Xiu-Rong Ke, Xiao-Feng Zhang, Zhi-Xin Zhu, and Hua-Feng Wang. "Complete plastome sequence of Bridelia tomentosa Blume (Phyllanthaceae): a medicinal shrub species in South Asia." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 6, no. 8 (July 15, 2021): 2330–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1951134.

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Olosunde, A. O., O. J. Oyedele, and S. M. Odeyinka. "Haematological and biochemical profiles of WAD goats fed graded levels of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) meal." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i5.1333.

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Bitter leaf is an underutilized manageable size shrub in Nigeria despite its numerous nutritional benefits, economic value and potential as a dry season feed source for ruminant animals. This study was carried out to determine the haematological and biochemical profiles of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed graded levels of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) meal (BLM). Twenty-four WAD goats of both sexes and 5-7 months old were randomly allotted to four treatments of graded levels of BLM (0% BLM (Control Diet), 15% BLM, 30% BLM and 45% BLM diets) in a completely randomized design. The diets were used as supplements to a basal ration of Panicum maximum. The feeding trial lasted 20 weeks. The analysis of blood components, red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) and parked cell volume (PCV) counts showed that there were no significant (P>0.05) differences in each of these parameters among the goats fed experimental diets. There were no significant differences in the albumin, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, creatinine, globulin, total protein and urea levels of the animals fed the different levels of bitter leaf meal (p>0.05). The result of the serum glucose of goats fed 30% BLM and 45% BLM was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of CD. It is concluded that feeding of bitter leaf meal at the different levels had no adverse effect on the haematological and biochemical profiles of WAD goats except in the reduction of serum glucose in animals fed above 15% bitter leaf meal. La feuille amère est un arbuste de taille gérable sous-utilisé au Nigéria malgré ses nombreux avantages nutritionnels, sa valeur économique et son potentiel en tant que source d'alimentation de saison sèche pour les ruminants. Cette étude a été réalisée pour determiner les profils hématologiques et biochimiques de chèvres naines d'Afrique de l'Ouest (WAD) nourries à des aliments de farine de feuilles amères(le 'BLM') (Vernonia amygdalina). Vingtquatre chèvres WAD des deux sexes et âgées de 5 à 7 mois ont été attribuées au hasard à quatre traitements de niveaux gradués de BLM (0% BLM (régime témoin), 15% BLM, 30% BLM et 45% BLM) dans conception aléatoire. Les régimes ont été utilisés comme suppléments à une ration basale de Panicum maximum. L'essai d'alimentation a duré 20 semaines. L'analyse des comptages des composants sanguins, des globules rouges (le 'RBC'), des globules blancs (le 'WBC') et du volume de cellules en stationnement (le 'PCV') a montré qu'il n'y avait pas de différence significative (P> 0.05) dans chacun de ces paramètres parmi les chèvres nourries avec des régimes expérimentaux. Il n'y avait pas de différences significatives dans les taux d'albumine, de phosphatase alcaline, de cholestérol, de créatinine, de globuline, de protéines totales et d'urée des animaux nourris avec les différents niveaux de farine de feuilles amères (p> 0.05). Le résultat du glucose sérique des chèvres nourries à 30% de BLM et 45% de BLM était significativement (p <0.05) inférieur à celui de CD. Il est conclu que l'alimentation de farine de feuilles amères à différents niveaux n'a eu aucun effet indésirable sur les profils hématologique et biochimique des chèvres WAD, sauf dans la réduction de la glycémie chez les animaux nourris à plus de 15% de farine de feuilles amères.

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Stringer, S. J., J. M. Spiers, and A. D. Draper. "RECENT USDA–ARS BLUEBERRY CULTIVAR RELEASES." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 510D—511. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.510d.

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Two new southern highbush blueberry cultivars, `Dixieblue' and `Gupton', will provide growers with new blueberry cultivars having excellent fruit quality that ripen relatively early in the season, during the profitable early fresh-market window. Berries of `Dixieblue' are light blue, medium in size, and their flat shape makes them most attractive. `Gupton' is very productive and berry quality is also excellent. The performance of these cultivars represent an improvement over most currently available southern highbush blueberry cultivars due to 1) their durability and performance on both upland and sandy soils endemic to the Gulf Coast and 2) consistent production of high quality fruit that will meet the demand for early ripening fresh-market blueberries. The new rabbiteye blueberry cultivar, `DeSoto', represents an improvement over currently available rabbiteye blueberry cultivars for late-season production. `DeSoto' produces medium-to-large fruit having excellent color, flavor, and firmness Plants of `DeSoto' are productive, vigorous but semi-dwarf, upright and spreading. It's semi-dwarf growth habit, which is unique among currently grown rabbiteye blueberries, results in bushes that attain a maximum height of about 2 meters upon maturity, reducing the necessity of top-pruning that is required for all other cultivars. `DeSoto' blooms two to three weeks later than early-to-mid season cultivars such as `Climax' and `Tifblue', providing insurance against late-spring freezes. Similarly, its fruit mature 21 to 14 days or more, respectively after these same cultivars. `DeSoto' will provide niche market blueberry growers with a new cultivar having productivity, plant vigor, fruit quality, and very late ripening period that will extend their marketing season. The new evergreen ornamental blueberry, `Native Blue', is low growing, compact and finely branched with small glaucous leaves, traits that are quite typical of V. darowii. `Native Blue' has beautiful foliage that changes color in different seasons. Mature leaves are darker green while newer growth exhibits a light pinkish hue that changes to a bluish green. Other desirable characteristics of `Native Blue' are its dwarf growth habit, hardy and vigorous growth, and its capacity for a high level of fruit production that serves as an attractant to birds and other wildlife. `Native Blue' will provide southeastern U.S. nurserymen, landscapers, and homeowners with a novel and beautiful new ornamental shrub that will complement plantings of azaleas, camellias, crepe myrtles, etc.

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TIAN, HUAI-ZHEN, QIAO-XIA LIU, ZHI-QUAN CHENG, AI-QUN HU, and HONG JIANG. "Anoectochilus longilobus (Orchidoideae: Orchidaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China." Phytotaxa 164, no. 4 (April 11, 2014): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.164.4.6.

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Anoectochilus Blume (1825: 411; Orchidaceae) belongs to subtribe Goodyerinae (Cranichideae; Orchidoideae; Pridgeon et al. 2003). The generic name is derived from the Greek words ‘anoiktos’ (open) and ‘cheilos’ (lip), referring to the flower with prominent lip giving an open appearance (Sumathi et al. 2003, Bhattacharjee 2013). The genus consists of about 30 species according to Genera orchidacearum (Pridgeon et al. 2003), distributed in India and the eastern Himalayas, through southern and southeastern Asia to Australia and the southeastern Pacific islands (Chen et al. 2009). There are 15 species of Anoectochilus in China, eight of which were reported from Yunnan previously (Chen et al. 2009, Chen & Shui 2010, Hu et al. 2012, Ormerod 2013).

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Gustafson, Danny J., Anthony P. Giunta, and Craig S. Echt. "Extensive clonal growth and biased sex ratios of an endangered dioecious shrub, Lindera melissifolia (Walt) Blume (Lauraceae)1." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 140, no. 2 (April 2013): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3159/torrey-d-12-00072.1.

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Rao, H. C. Yashavantha, Devaraju Rakshith, and Sreedharamurthy Satish. "Antimicrobial properties of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from Combretum latifolium Blume, a medicinal shrub from Western Ghats of India." Frontiers in Biology 10, no. 6 (December 2015): 528–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11515-015-1377-8.

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Hammill, Kate A., and Ross A. Bradstock. "Remote sensing of fire severity in the Blue Mountains: influence of vegetation type and inferring fire intensity." International Journal of Wildland Fire 15, no. 2 (2006): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf05051.

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Fire intensity affects ecological and geophysical processes in fire-prone landscapes. We examined the potential for satellite imagery (Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre [SPOT2] and Landsat7) to detect and map fire severity patterns in a rugged landscape with variable vegetation near Sydney, Australia. A post-fire, vegetation-based indicator of fire intensity (burnt shrub branch tip diameters, representing the size of fuel consumed) was also used to explore whether fire severity patterns can be used to retrospectively infer patterns of fire intensity. Six severity classes (ranging from unburnt to complete crown consumption) were defined using aerial photograph interpretation and a field assessment across five vegetation types of varying height and complexity (sedge-swamp, heath, woodland, open forest, and tall forest). Using established Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) differencing methodology, SPOT2 and Landsat7 imagery yielded similar broad-scale severity patterns across the study area. This was despite differences in image resolution (10 m and 30 m, respectively) and capture dates (2 months and 9 months apart, respectively). However, differences in the total areas mapped for some severity classes were found. In particular, there was reduced differentiation between unburnt and low-severity areas and between crown-scorched and crown-consumed areas when using the Landsat7 data. These differences were caused by fine-scale classification anomalies and were most likely associated with seasonal differences in vegetation condition (associated with time of image capture), post-fire movement of ash, resprouting of vegetation, and low sun elevation. Relationships between field severity class and NDVIdifference values revealed that vegetation type does influence the detection of fire severity using these types of satellite data: regression slopes were greater for woodland, forest, and tall forest data than for sedge-swamp and heath data. The effect of vegetation type on areas mapped in each fire severity class was examined but found to be minimal in the present study due to the uneven distribution of vegetation types in the study area (woodland and open forest cover 86% of the landscape). Field observations of burnt shrub branch tips, which were used as a surrogate for fire intensity, revealed that relationships between fire severity and fire intensity are confounded by vegetation type (mainly height). A method for inferring fire intensity from remotely sensed patterns of fire severity was proposed in which patterns of fire severity and vegetation type are combined.

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Pirsaheb, M., Z. Rezai, A. M. Mansouri, A. Rastegar, A. Alahabadi, A. Rahmani Sani, and K. Sharafi. "Preparation of the activated carbon from India shrub wood and their application for methylene blue removal: modeling and optimization." Desalination and Water Treatment 57, no. 13 (February 11, 2015): 5888–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1008581.

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Ellison, David, and Chinwe Ifejika Speranza. "From blue to green water and back again: Promoting tree, shrub and forest-based landscape resilience in the Sahel." Science of The Total Environment 739 (October 2020): 140002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140002.

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Reed, Sandra M., and Timothy A. Rinehart. "Simple Sequence Repeat Marker Analysis of Genetic Relationships within Hydrangea macrophylla." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 132, no. 3 (May 2007): 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.132.3.341.

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Genetic diversity studies using 39 simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers were carried out with 114 taxa of Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser., including 87 H. macrophylla ssp. macrophylla cultivars and 20 members of H. macrophylla ssp. serrata (Thunb.) Makino. The SSR loci were highly variable among the taxa, producing a mean of 8.26 alleles per locus. Overall allelic richness was relatively high at 5.12 alleles per locus. H. macrophylla ssp. serrata contained nearly twice the allelic diversity of H. macrophylla ssp. macrophylla. The majority of genetic diversity was found to reside within the subspecies, with only 12% of the total genetic diversity observed occurring between subspecies. Although the elevation of H. macrophylla ssp. serrata to species level has recently been recommended by several hydrangea authorities, these data support the subspecies designation. Four cultivars (Preziosa, Pink Beauty, Tokyo Delight, and Blue Deckle) appeared to be hybrids between the two subspecies. Genetic similarities were found among five remontant cultivars (Bailmer, Oak Hill, David Ramsey, Decatur Blue, and Penny Mac) and several nonremontant cultivars, including General Vicomtesse de Vibraye, Nikko Blue, All Summer Beauty, and La France. No close genetic relationship was found between the remontant cultivar Early Sensation and other remontant cultivars. Genetic similarities were found among variegated and double-flower cultivars. Within H. macrophylla ssp. macrophylla, cultivars with mophead inflorescences clustered separately from most lacecap cultivars. This indicates the cultivars with lacecap inflorescences that were among some of the earliest introductions to Europe were not widely used in the breeding of mophead forms. Some presumed synonyms were found to be valid (‘Preziosa’ and ‘Pink Beauty’, ‘Rosalba’ and ‘Benigaku’, ‘Geoffrey Chadbund’ and ‘Mowe’), whereas others were not (‘Harlequin’ and ‘Monrey’, ‘Nigra’ and ‘Mandschurica’). This study identified potentially unexploited sources of germplasm within H. macrophylla and relationships between existing cultivars of this popular shrub. This information should be of value when selecting parents for breeding programs.

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Matsushita, Michinari, Nobuhiro Tomaru, Daisuke Hoshino, Naoyuki Nishimura, and Shin-Ichi Yamamoto. "Factors affecting the production, growth, and survival of sprouting stems in the multi-stemmed understory shrub Lindera triloba." Botany 88, no. 2 (February 2010): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b09-108.

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We investigated the structure and dynamics of the multi-stemmed understory shrub Lindera triloba (Sieb. et Zucc.) Blume over 3 years in an old-growth coniferous forest, and quantitatively evaluated the factors affecting the ramet production, growth, and survival. Most genets sprouted continuously and exhibited multiple-stemmed structures with a few large and many small ramets. The skewed ramet-size distribution within genets resulted from the local crowding of neighboring trees, but not from the number of ramets within genets. This indicated that inter-plant competition is asymmetric (i.e., larger individuals outcompete one-sidedly smaller ones), but intra-plant competition (i.e., competition among ramets within genets) is symmetric (i.e., smaller ones also competitively affect larger ones). The local crowding of neighboring understory trees consistently negatively affected the ramet production, growth, and survival of L. triloba. Intra-genet crowding (i.e., crowding of ramets within genets) also negatively affected the ramet dynamics. On the other hand, the largest-ramet size within genets had positive relationships with the ramet dynamics, indicating that physiological integration within genets plays a role as supporting younger ramets. Based on our results, to fully understand genet persistence strategies in clonal shrub species, it is important to consider the effects of intra-genet crowding and modular integration, as well as plant-to-plant interaction.

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Moreno-de las Heras, M., R. Diaz-Sierra, L. Turnbull, and J. Wainwright. "Assessing vegetation structure and ANPP dynamics in a grassland-shrubland Chihuahuan ecotone using NDVI-rainfall relationships." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2015): 51–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-51-2015.

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Abstract. Climate change and the widespread alteration of natural habitats are major drivers of vegetation change in drylands. A classic case of vegetation change is the shrub-encroachment process that has been taking place over the last 150 years in the Chihuahuan Desert, where large areas of grasslands dominated by perennial grass species (black grama, Bouteloua eriopoda, and blue grama, B. gracilis) have transitioned to shrublands dominated by woody species (creosotebush, Larrea tridentata, and mesquite, Prosopis glandulosa), accompanied by accelerated water and wind erosion. Multiple mechanisms drive the shrub-encroachment process, including exogenous triggering factors such as precipitation variations and land-use change, and endogenous amplifying mechanisms brought about by soil erosion-vegetation feedbacks. In this study, simulations of plant biomass dynamics with a simple modelling framework indicate that herbaceous (grasses and forbs) and shrub vegetation in drylands have different responses to antecedent precipitation due to functional differences in plant growth and water-use patterns, and therefore shrub encroachment may be reflected in the analysis of landscape-scale vegetation–rainfall relationships. We analyze the structure and dynamics of vegetation at an 18 km2 grassland-shrubland ecotone in the northern edge of the Chihuahuan Desert (McKenzie Flats, Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, NM, USA) by investigating the relationship between decade-scale (2000–2013) records of medium-resolution remote sensing of vegetation greenness (MODIS NDVI) and precipitation. Spatial evaluation of NDVI-rainfall relationship at the studied ecotone indicates that herbaceous vegetation shows quick growth pulses associated with short-term (previous 2 months) precipitation, while shrubs show a slow response to medium-term (previous 5 months) precipitation. We use these relationships to (a) classify landscape types as a function of the spatial distribution of dominant vegetation, and to (b) decompose the NDVI signal into partial primary production components for herbaceous vegetation and shrubs across the study site. We further apply remote-sensed annual net primary production (ANPP) estimations and landscape type classification to explore the influence of inter-annual variations in seasonal precipitation on the production of herbaceous and shrub vegetation. Our results suggest that changes in the amount and temporal pattern of precipitation comprising reductions in monsoonal summer rainfall and/or increases in winter precipitation may enhance the shrub-encroachment process in desert grasslands of the American Southwest.

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Cipollini, Martin L., Bert G. Drake, and Dennis Whigham. "Effects of elevated CO2 on growth and carbon/nutrient balance in the deciduous woody shrub Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume (Lauraceae)." Oecologia 96, no. 3 (December 1993): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00317503.

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Gianuca, Dimas, Andros T. Gianuca, and Carolus M. Vooren. "Abundance, breeding and food of the Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea (Aves, Ardeidae) in the Patos Lagoon estuary, a recently colonized area in southern Brazil." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 102, no. 1 (March 2012): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0073-47212012000100003.

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We document the expansion of the breeding distribution of the Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758) to 850 km beyond its previous southern limit in South America. In addition we present data on abundance, breeding biology and food of the species in the Patos Lagoon estuary, the area which the species recently colonized. The maximum abundance recorded in the breeding colony and in a nocturnal roosting site was 53 and 49 individuals respectively. Nesting occurred from September to March. Birds nested in a mixed breeding colony together with about 3,000 breeding pairs of seven other species of Pelecaniformes, in a swampy forest near the margin of the estuary. Five nests were between 1.5 and 4.3 m from the ground, on the shrub Daphnopsis racemosa (Thymelaeaceae), on the trees Sebastiana brasiliensis (Euphorbiaceae) and Mimosa bimucronata (Leguminosae), or on the bamboo Bambusa sp. (Poaceae). Four nests produced two fledglings each, while one nest was abandoned. Of 13 grouped samples of food regurgitated by five nestlings, Pink Shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Perez-Farfante, 1967) constituted 70% in mass, while total length of ingested fishes and shrimps varied mostly between 20 and 50 mm. Estuarine prey items represented 99% of the total food mass. The recent southward expansion of the breeding range of the Little Blue Heron in South America may be a response to climate warming of the Patos Lagoon estuary. Degradation of estuaries in the southwestern Atlantic may also be forcing the birds to breed in areas outside previous geographical range.

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Ferreira, Patrícia Alves, and Blandina Felipe Viana. "Pollination biology of Paliavana tenuiflora (Gesneriaceae: Sinningeae) in Northeastern Brazil." Acta Botanica Brasilica 24, no. 4 (December 2010): 972–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062010000400012.

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In this study the floral biology, breeding system, visitors and pollinators of Paliavana tenuiflora were analyzed in campos rupestres in the Chapada Diamantina, Mucugê, Bahia, Brazil. Paliavana tenuiflora is a shrub with blue-violet, bell-shaped flowers, with anthesis at 11:00 h; the flowers last about six days. Large amounts of nectar are produced (volume average 15.5µL, concentration 22.7% and sugar content 5.0 mg mL-1). The amount of nectar is not related to the time of day, but concentration varied with volume. The species is self-compatible, but fruit set depends on pollinators. Although nectar is available by day and night, flowers of P. tenuiflora fit the bee pollination syndrome, and are actually pollinated by Bombusbrevivillus. However, the hummingbird Phaethornis pretrei can be considered an occasional pollinator, due to its behavior and low frequency of visits. Our results suggest a mixed pollination system, although the importance of P.pretrei as a pollinator remains to be better evaluated.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Blum Blum Shub'

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