Relevant bibliographies by topics / BMDL

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Academic literature on the topic 'BMDL'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "BMDL"

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Petryk, Anna, Tracy L. Bergemann, Kristen M. Polga, Kami J. Ulrich, Susan K. Raatz, David M. Brown, Leslie L. Robison, and Scott K. Baker. "Prospective Study of Changes in Bone Mineral Density and Turnover in Children after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.1115.1115.

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Abstract Osteoporosis is common in adults after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The data on bone mineral density (BMD) in children after HCT are limited. The goals of this prospective study were to determine the incidence, timing, magnitude and possible predictors of bone loss in children following HCT. The study population included 49 patients (age 5–18 years) who were eligible to receive HCT at the University of Minnesota. The patients were evaluated at baseline, 100 days, 6 months, and 1 year after HCT. Lumbar BMD (BMDL) was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The number of patients with osteopenia increased from 18% at baseline to 33% one year after HCT, and with osteoporosis from 16% to 19%. Mean areal BMDL z-score decreased from −0.56 to −1.1 by 6 months and at 1 year was −0.94, which was significant compared to standard normal distribution (p=0.004 and p=0.022, respectively). The absolute loss of bone mineral corresponded to 5.3% reduction in areal BMDL and 4.8% reduction in volumetric BMDL. The level of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase decreased by 30% by day 100 (p=0.009), followed by recovery toward baseline by 6 months. The level of osteocalcin >6.5 ng/mL at day 100 predicted recovery from the initial bone loss by 1 year. A reduction in BMDL at 6 months correlated with a cumulative dose of glucocorticoids. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that bone loss is common in children after HCT and is primarily due to suppression of bone formation. Further studies are necessary to validate osteocalcin as a predictive biomarker.
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Zarn, Jürg A., Ursina A. Zürcher, and H. Christoph Geiser. "Toxic Responses Induced at High Doses May Affect Benchmark Doses." Dose-Response 18, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 155932582091960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559325820919605.

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To derive reference points (RPs) for health-based guidance values, the benchmark dose (BMD) approach increasingly replaces the no-observed-adverse-effect level approach. In the BMD approach, the RP corresponds to the benchmark dose lower confidence bounds (BMDLs) of a mathematical dose–response model derived from responses of animals over the entire dose range applied. The use of the entire dose range is seen as an important advantage of the BMD approach. This assumes that responses over the entire dose range are relevant for modeling low-dose responses, the basis for the RP. However, if part of the high-dose response was unnoticed triggered by a mechanism of action (MOA) that does not work at low doses, the high-dose response distorts the modeling of low-dose responses. Hence, we investigated the effect of high-dose specific responses on BMDLs by assuming a low- and a high-dose MOA. The BMDLs resulting from modeling fictitious quantal data were scattered over a broad dose range overlapping with the toxic range. Hence, BMDLs are sensitive to high-dose responses even though they might be irrelevant to low-dose response modeling. When applying the BMD approach, care should be taken that high-dose specific responses do not unduly affect the BMDL that derives from low doses.
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Migliaccio, Silvia, Davide Francomano, Roberto Bruzziches, Emanuela A. Greco, Rachele Fornari, Lorenzo M. Donini, Andrea Lenzi, and Antonio Aversa. "Trunk Fat Negatively Influences Skeletal and Testicular Functions in Obese Men: Clinical Implications for the Aging Male." International Journal of Endocrinology 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/182753.

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Osteocalcin (OSCA) seems to act as a negative regulator of energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Evidence from male rodents suggests that OSCA may also regulate testosterone (T) synthesis. Using a cross-sectional design, we evaluated OSCA, 25(OH) vitamin D, T, 17β-estradiol (E2), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body composition in 86 obese (mean BMI = 34) male subjects (18–69 yr old). Independently from BMI, an inverse relationship between trunk fat percentage and plasma T (r2=−0.26,P<0.01) and between HOMA-IR and OSCA levels (r2=−0.22,P<0.005) was found. OSCA levels, as well as vitamin D, decreased significantly for higher BMI with significant differences above 35 (P<0.01). A direct correlation between T and bone mineral density at lumbar (BMDL) and neck (BMDH) (P<0.001,r2=−0.20;P<0.001,r2=−0.24) was found, independently from age. An inverse correlation between E2 levels, BMDL, and BMDH (P<0.001,r2=−0.20;P<0.001,r2=−0.19) was observed. These data provide new evidences that a relationship between trunk fat mass, insulin sensitivity, OSCA and T synthesis occurs. This new relationship with skeletal health has relevant implications for the aging male, suggesting OSCA as a novel marker of metabolic and gonadal health status.
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Monakhova, Yulia, Julien Jendral, and Dirk Lachenmeier. "The Margin of Exposure to Formaldehyde in Alcoholic Beverages." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 63, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-63-2012-2201.

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The Margin of Exposure to Formaldehyde in Alcoholic BeveragesFormaldehyde has been classified as carcinogenic to humans (WHO IARC group 1). It causes leukaemia and nasopharyngeal cancer, and was described to regularly occur in alcoholic beverages. However, its risk associated with consumption of alcohol has not been systematically studied, so this study will provide the first risk assessment of formaldehyde for consumers of alcoholic beverages.Human dietary intake of formaldehyde via alcoholic beverages in the European Union was estimated based on WHO alcohol consumption data and literature on formaldehyde contents of different beverage groups (beer, wine, spirits, and unrecorded alcohol). The risk assessment was conducted using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach with benchmark doses (BMD) for 10 % effect obtained from dose-response modelling of animal experiments.For tumours in male rats, a BMD of 30 mg kg-1 body weight per day and a "BMD lower confidence limit" (BMDL) of 23 mg kg-1 d-1 were calculated from available long-term animal experiments. The average human exposure to formaldehyde from alcoholic beverages was estimated at 8·10-5 mg kg-1 d-1. Comparing the human exposure with BMDL, the resulting MOE was above 200,000 for average scenarios. Even in the worst-case scenarios, the MOE was never below 10,000, which is considered to be the threshold for public health concerns.The risk assessment shows that the cancer risk from formaldehyde to the alcohol-consuming population is negligible and the priority for risk management (e.g. to reduce the contamination) is very low. The major risk in alcoholic beverages derives from ethanol and acetaldehyde.
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Rubio-Armendáriz, Carmen, Soraya Paz, Ángel J. Gutiérrez, Dailos González-Weller, Consuelo Revert, and Arturo Hardisson. "Human Exposure to Toxic Metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sr) from the Consumption of Cereals in Canary Islands." Foods 10, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061158.

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The Canary Islands is an archipelago that consumes cereals and derivatives imported from other regions of the world. The increase in contamination with toxic metals makes it necessary to assess the content of toxicological metals of interest to ensure quality and safety. The content of toxic metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Sr) was determined in 221 samples of cereals and derivatives (corn, wheat, gofio, corn gofio, barley gofio, roasted corn and flour) marketed in the Canary Islands using ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry) to assess dietary exposure. Al content recorded in barley gofio (29.5 mg/kg fresh weight) stands out. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of Pb is 52 µg/day if 100 g/day of barley gofio is consumed (121% and 240% of the BMDL nephrotoxicity limit set by the EFSA at 0.63 µg/kg body weight/day for adults and children, respectively). The EDI of PB is 16 µg/day if 30 g barley gofio/day is consumed by adults (36.2% of the abovementioned BMDL nephrotoxicity limit). The EDI of Pb is 7.8 µg/day if 15 g barley gofio/day is consumed by children (32.2% of the abovementioned BMDL nephrotoxicity limit). Gofio is a food of high nutritional value. It is necessary to establish monitoring programs for toxic metals in raw materials and processed products to reduce exposure levels.
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Kopylev, Leonid, and John Fox. "Parameters of a Dose-Response Model Are on the Boundary: What Happens with BMDL?" Risk Analysis 29, no. 1 (January 2009): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01125.x.

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Kim, Ah-Hyoun, Min-A. Ha, and Byung-Soo Kim. "Determining a BMDL of Blood Lead Based on ADHD Scores Using a Semi-Parametric Regression." Korean Journal of Applied Statistics 25, no. 3 (June 30, 2012): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2012.25.3.389.

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Rubio-Armendáriz, Carmen, Soraya Paz, Ángel J. Gutiérrez, Verena Gomes Furtado, Dailos González-Weller, Consuelo Revert, and Arturo Hardisson. "Toxic Metals in Cereals in Cape Verde: Risk Assessment Evaluation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (April 6, 2021): 3833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073833.

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Consumption of cereals and cereal-based products represents 47% of the total food energy intake in Cape Verde. However, cereals also contribute to dietary exposure to metals that may pose a risk. Strengthening food security and providing nutritional information is a high-priority challenge for the Cape Verde government. In this study, toxic metal content (Cr, Ni, Sr, Al, Cd, and Pb) is determined in 126 samples of cereals and derivatives (rice, corn, wheat, corn flour, wheat flour, corn gofio) consumed in Cape Verde. Wheat flour samples stand out, with the highest Sr (1.60 mg/kg), Ni (0.25 mg/kg) and Cr (0.13 mg/kg) levels. While the consumption of 100 g/day of wheat would contribute to 13.2% of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of Ni, a consumption of 100 g/day of wheat flour would contribute to 8.18% of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of Cd. Results show relevant Al levels (1.17–13.4 mg/kg), with the highest level observed in corn gofio. The mean Pb average content in cereals is 0.03–0.08 mg/kg, with the highest level observed in corn gofio. Al and Pb levels are lower in cereals without husks. Without being a health risk, the consumption of 100 g/day of wheat contributes to 17.5% of the European benchmark doses lower confidence limit (BMDL) of Pb for nephrotoxic effects; the consumption of 100 g/day of corn gofio provides an intake of 1.34 mg Al/day (13.7% of the TWI) and 8 µg Pb/day (20% of the BMDL for nephrotoxic effects). A strategy to minimize the dietary exposure of the Cape Verdean population to toxic metals from cereals should consider the continuous monitoring of imported cereals on arrival in Cape Verde, the assessment of the population’s total diet exposure to toxic metals and educational campaigns.
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Angerhofer, Richard A., Mark W. Michie, Glenn J. Leach, Mark S. Johnson, and Gunda Reddy. "Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Thiodiglycol in Sprague-Dawley Rats." International Journal of Toxicology 33, no. 5 (August 27, 2014): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581814547541.

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Thiodiglycol (TDG) is the main product of sulfur mustard hydrolysis and is an environmental contaminant. Subacute and subchronic oral toxicity studies with TDG were conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats. Neat TDG was administered by gavage at doses of 157, 313, 625, 1250, 2500, 5000, and 9999 mg/kg/d, 5 days per week, for 14 days. In the 14-day study, decreased body weight and food consumption were observed at 5000 mg/kg/d. In the 90-day study, rats received neat TDG at doses of 50, 500, or 5000 mg/kg/d for 5 days per week. A fourth group served as a sham control. Individual body weight and food consumption were measured weekly. At termination of the experiment, urine, blood, and tissue samples were collected. Rats displayed significant decreased body weight with no effect on food consumption following administration of TDG at 5000 mg/kg/d. Both male and female rats showed significant increased kidney weights at 5000 mg/kg/d. The organ to body weight ratios increased significantly for liver, kidneys, testes, and brain in males and adrenals in females for 5000 mg/kg/d. At all doses of TDG, hematological and clinical parameters and tissue histopathology remained unaltered. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for oral subchronic toxicity was 500 mg/kg/d. Benchmark dose (BMD) was derived from the decreased gain in body weight that was seen in male rats. A BMD based on a 10% decrease in body weight was 1704 mg/kg/d, and the lower confidence limit on the dose BMD, the BMDL, was 372 mg/kg/d.
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Sakuragi, Sonoko, Ken Takahashi, Tsutomu Hoshuyama, Jiro Moriguchi, Fumiko Ohashi, Yoshinari Fukui, and Masayuki Ikeda. "Variation in benchmark dose (BMD) and the 95% lower confidence limit of benchmark dose (BMDL) among general Japanese populations with no anthropogenic exposure to cadmium." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 85, no. 8 (January 24, 2012): 941–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-012-0734-z.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "BMDL"

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Desai, Amruta. "Design support for biomolecular systems." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1265986863.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2010.
Advisor: Carla Purdy. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Apr. 19, 2010). Includes abstract. Keywords: Biological pathways; weighted gate; BMDL; pyrimidine. Includes bibliographical references.
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Hidalgo, Nicho Eduardo Alejandro. "Toxicidad de la mezcla binaria de los plaguicidas metomilo y rotenona en la “lenteja de agua” Lemna minor (Linnaeus, 1758)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2015. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/698.

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Se evaluó la toxicidad individual y binaria de los plaguicidas metomilo y rotenona en la macrofita Lemna minor (Linnaeus, 1753) para determinar la acción sinérgica o antagónica de una mezcla equitóxica. Los ensayos se realizaron bajo condiciones de laboratorio (T 29 ± 2°C; H 48,6 ± 9,4 %) y los resultados fueron analizados con los programas estadísticos BMDS® y Probit para calcular la concentración efectiva media (CE50) a través de los parámetros Área de la Fronda (AF) y Nuevas Frondas (NF). Los resultados sugieren una mayor precisión al utilizar el Método del Punto de Referencia del programa BMDS® para el cálculo de la concentración efectiva. Adicionalmente, se calculó la concentración total de clorofila (CTC) y peso húmedo (PH) para determinar la inhibición del crecimiento (Ir). Del mismo modo, se realizó una comparación entre los valores NOAEL (nivel de efecto no observado) y LOAEL (nivel bajo de efecto observado) versus los valores de BMDL (límite inferior del punto de referencia) y BMD (nivel de variación en el punto de referencia), respectivamente. El análisis muestra que existe una mayor precisión al emplear los valores BMD y BMDL. La acción fitotóxica varió según el parámetro analizado. La CE50 mostró mayores valores en el parámetro NF (1079,22 mg·L-1 para rotenona; 7147,42 mg·L-1 para metomilo; 597,904 mg·L-1 mezcla binaria: metomilo y 298,93 mg·L-1 mezcla binaria: rotenona) que en el parámetro AF (782,173 mg·L-1 para rotenona; 6919,79 mg·L-1 para metomilo; 629,513 mg·L-1 mezcla binaria: metomilo y 314,754 mg·L-1 mezcla binaria: rotenona). Finalmente, el modelo de concentración-adición mostró que la acción fitotóxica de la mezcla de ambos plaguicidas en Lemna minor tiene un efecto sinérgico. Macrophyte Lemna minor (Linnaeus, 1753) was used to evaluate the phytotoxicity of the individual and mix action of methomyl and rotenone pesticides under laboratory conditions (Temperature 29 ± 2°C; Humidity 48,6 9,4 %). The taken measures to establish half effective concentration (EC50) were the frond area (AF) and production of new fronds (NF). In this study, BMDS® and Probit stadistical data analyses were used to compare the results about effective concentration. Results suggest Benchmark dose method of BMDS® program was more effective than Probit program when EC50 were determined. Additionally, total chlorophyll concentration (CTC) and humidity weight (PH) parameters were calculated to determinate the growth inhibition (Ir). Likewise, NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) and LOAEL (low observer adverse effect level) were compared with BMDL (lower bench mark dose) and BMD (Bench mark dose), respectively. BMD and BMDL values were more accurate than NOAEL and LOAEL values. Phytotoxic action varied according the parameter. EC50 values of Lemna minor showed poor sensibility to methomyl pesticide with an elevated concentration in both parameters (6919,79 mg•L-1 and 7147,42 mg•L-1 for AF and NF, respectively). Results of rotenone pesticide were lower than methomyl, with 1079,22 mg•L-1 (NF) and 782,173 mg•L-1 (AF). Finally, the mix toxicity was 597,904 mg•L-1 (methomyl: NF), 298,93 mg•L-1 (rotenone: NF), 629,513 mg•L-1 (methomyl: AF) and 314,754 mg•L-1 (rotenone: AF). For synergy calculation, Concentration-Adition value was used, concluding a higher synergism.
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Fang, Qijun. "Hierarchical Bayesian Benchmark Dose Analysis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/316773.

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An important objective in statistical risk assessment is estimation of minimum exposure levels, called Benchmark Doses (BMDs) that induce a pre-specified Benchmark Response (BMR) in a target population. Established inferential approaches for BMD analysis typically involve one-sided, frequentist confidence limits, leading in practice to what are called Benchmark Dose Lower Limits (BMDLs). Appeal to hierarchical Bayesian modeling and credible limits for building BMDLs is far less developed, however. Indeed, for the few existing forms of Bayesian BMDs, informative prior information is seldom incorporated. Here, a new method is developed by using reparameterized quantal-response models that explicitly describe the BMD as a target parameter. This potentially improves the BMD/BMDL estimation by combining elicited prior belief with the observed data in the Bayesian hierarchy. Besides this, the large variety of candidate quantal-response models available for applying these methods, however, lead to questions of model adequacy and uncertainty. Facing this issue, the Bayesian estimation technique here is further enhanced by applying Bayesian model averaging to produce point estimates and (lower) credible bounds. Implementation is facilitated via a Monte Carlo-based adaptive Metropolis (AM) algorithm to approximate the posterior distribution. Performance of the method is evaluated via a simulation study. An example from carcinogenicity testing illustrates the calculations.
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Ortega-Garcia, Javier, Julian Fierrez, Fernando Alonso-Fernandez, J. Galbally, M. R. Freire, J. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, C. Garcia-Mateo, et al. "The Multi-Scenario Multi-Environment BioSecure Multimodal Database (BMDB)." Escuela Politecnica Superior, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Spain, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-21221.

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Sousa, Jucilene Pereira de. "Peixe-zebra (Danio rerio) Transgênico para o gene bmal1a: efeitos no relógio molecular do músculo esquelético." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8838.

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Most organisms have circadian rhythms with a periodicity of 24-hour that are generated by an endogenous mechanism, the molecular clock, which has the ability to synchronize biological functions with environmental signals. This mechanism has fundamental importance in the homeostasis of the tissues that are under its influence. Among the genes of the molecular clock machinery, the clock and bmal are positive regulators of clock mechanism and they present sigmoid expression profile in the skeletal muscle in zebrafish (Danio rerio). CLOCK and BMAL participate on the activation of the myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs - myoD, myog, myf5 and myf6), which are important in the development and differentiation of muscle cells. Despite this knowledge, the physiological importance of circadian rhythm in skeletal muscle of fish is not known. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to produce a zebrafish transgenic lineage that expresses bmal1a constitutively in the skeletal muscle to investigate the role of the molecular clock in the muscle. The transfer rate of the transgene to offspring, effect of transgenesis in the survival and fish growth, and expression of the bmal1a, clock1a and MRFs were investigated. The founding transgenic population (F0) was obtained after microinjection, and positive larvae were observed as specimens which presented green fluorescent heart. F1 was obtained from natural crossings between F0 and NT fish. Likewise, F2 was obtained from F1. F2 transgenic and NT were used in this study. The transgenic lineage was successfully generated with 50% transmission from the transgene to the offspring following a Mendelian model. The analysis of gene expression was made by qPCR. The survival (41,4±0% F2 and 44,3±6% NT) and growth (3.7±0.1 cm F2 and 3.8±0.2 cm NT) of F2 were not statistically different from NT fish. Among the genes, clock1a and myog presented statistically significant differences between the lineages with circadian profile in NT fish, suggesting that myog may be a clock controlled genes. The other genes (bmal1a, myf5, myf6, and myoD) presented constitutive expression. In general, it can be verified that the constitutive expression of bmal1a did not present change in the expression of the molecular clock, not affecting the homeostasis of the skeletal muscle, survival and growth.
A maioria dos organismos apresentam ritmos circadianos em torno de um período de 24 horas que são gerados por um mecanismo endógeno, o relógio molecular, que tem a capacidade de sincronizar-se com sinais ambientais. Este mecanismo tem fundamental importância na homeostase dos tecidos que estão sob sua influência. Dentre os genes que compõem a maquinaria do relógio molecular os genes clock e bmal são os reguladores positivos do mecanismo desse relógio e apresentam expressão com perfil sigmoide em tecido como o músculo do peixe-zebra (Danio rerio), participando da ativação de alguns fatores regulatórios miogênicos (MRFs – myoD, myog, myf5 e myf6), os quais possuem importância para o desenvolvimento e diferenciação do músculo. Apesar deste conhecimento, não se sabe a importância fisiológica do ritmo de expressão circadiana no músculo esquelético de peixes. Neste sentido, o objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a taxa de transferência do transgene para a prole; se a transgenia para o gene bmal1a no músculo esquelético interferiu na sobrevivência e crescimento dos peixes; e avaliar se a expressão dos genes bmal1a, clock1a e MRFs apresentaram diferenças na linhagem transgênica comparada à linhagem não-transgênica (NT). Os fundadores (F0) foram obtidos após a microinjeção do plasmídeo e as larvas positivas foram observadas com coração verde fluorescente. A F1 foi obtida a partir de cruzamentos entre peixes F0 e NT. Da mesma forma, F2 foi obtida a partir da F1, os quais foram utilizados no presente estudo. A análise da expressão gênica das linhagens aos 11 meses de idade foi realizada utilizando a técnica qPCR. A linhagem transgênica foi gerada com sucesso, transmitindo o transgene para a prole seguindo a herança mendeliana. A sobrevivência e crescimento da prole F2 não apresentaram diferenças entre as linhagens, sendo 41,4±0% para a linhagem transgênica e 44,3±6% NT até 30 dpf e 3.7±0.1 cm transgênicos e 3.8±0.2 cm para NT aos 11 meses de idade, respectivamente. Dentre os genes, o clock1a e o myog apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as linhagens com perfil circadiano em peixes NT, sugerindo que myog seja um gene controlado pelo relógio. Os demais genes apresentaram expressão constitutiva. De um modo geral, pode-se verificar que a expressão constitutiva do bmal1a não apresentou alteração na expressão do relógio molecular, desta forma, não afetou a homeostasia do organismo, a sobrevivência das larvas, bem como não afetou o crescimento.
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Murphy, Terence M. "The Pacific phased adaptive approach: U.S. BMD in response to the DRPK." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/44626.

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This thesis aims to create a Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) architecture in the Pacific. Since 1998, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea has launched ballistic missiles either over or toward the United States and regional allies Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK). In response, the United States has created the Ballistic Missile Defense System to defend the U.S. homeland from North Korean or Iranian missile attack. This thesis examines the factors influencing BMD efforts in the Pacific. It explores the military, political, and diplomatic concerns surrounding BMD cooperation in the United States, Japan and the ROK. After reviewing the contributing factors, this thesis outlines separate military and diplomatic objectives to be met in forming a BMD network in the Pacific. The proposed Pacific Phased Adaptive Approach (PPAA) is modeled after the European Phased Adaptive Approach. Initial phases deploy sensors and interceptors to Japan and the ROK. Later, phases utilize new technologies to enhance sensor coverage and intercept capability across the Pacific. The diplomatic initiatives build upon existing bilateral relations to achieve a trilateral U.S.-Japan-ROK defense agreement. The defense agreement is not necessary to fulfill the PPAA, but it allows for sharing of resources and efficient use of those resources.
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Varenne, Patrick. "La transformation digitale des entreprises : effectuation et Business Model Digital Dynamique (BMD²)." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2029.

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La digitalisation se définit comme la reformulation des modèles d’affaires en industrialisant les processus de faible valeur ajoutée. Le produit ou le service ainsi digitalisé est délivré à l’aide d’un artefact numérique de type plateforme ou d’un code informatique afin de désintermédier un modèle d’affaires traditionnel et ainsi gagner en performance. La digitalisation contribue à transformer les usages des utilisateurs. La digitalisation conduit à une transformation organisationnelle profonde, qui se déploie sur deux niveaux : technologique d’une part, évoquant la capacité de transformation et de maturité digitale, et organisationnelle d’autre part, renvoyant aux aspects stratégiques et opérationnels de la transformation. La digitalisation est apparue avec l’avénement au Web 2.0. Le glissement du e-commerce du début des années 2000 vers le e-Business caractérise la transformation digitale des modèles d’affaires traditionnels. Il en résulte de la part des entrepreneurs une demande importante d’outils et de prescriptions afin d’être accompagnés dans cette transformation. La posture de l’entrepreneur et la notion de modèle d’affaires sont donc centrales dans cette thèse pour analyser les modalités de création et de captation de valeur telles que celles associées aux plateformes digitales. La problématique générale peut donc être formulée comme suit : « Comment l’entrepreneur digitalise-t-il son business model ? ».La digitalisation est un phénomène doublement complexe, articulant des enjeux en termes de systèmes d’informations et de conduite du changement. La thèse contribue à la littérature sur la digitalisation et les business models en développant un modèle de transformation dénommée Business Model Digital Dynamique (BMD²). Elle s’attache également à contribuer, en termes managériaux, à proposer une méthodologie d’accompagnement opérationnel, facilement actionnable sur le terrain : le DSIFAT (Découverte, Sensibilisation, Intégration, Formation, Accompagnement, Transformation). Ainsi accompagné, l’entrepreneur peut conduire la transformation de son Business Model avec méthode et succès
Digitalization is defined as the reformulation of business models by industrializing low value-added processes. The product or service thus digitized is delivered using a platform-type digital artefact or computer code in order to disintermediate a traditional business model and thus gain in performance. Digitization is helping to transform the uses of users. Digitalization leads to a deep organizational transformation, which takes place on two levels : technological on the one hand, evoking the capacity for transformation and digital maturity, and organizational on the other hand, referring to the strategic and operational aspects of the transformation.Digitization first appeared with the advent of Web 2.0. The shift from e-commerce in the early 2000s to e-Business characterized the digital transformation of traditional business models. This results in an important demand on the part of entrepreneurs for tools and prescriptions in order to be supported in this transformation. The posture of the entrepreneur and the concept of business model are therefore central in this thesis to analyze the methods of creation and capture of value such as those associated with digital platforms. The general problem can therefore be formulated as follows : « How does the entrepreneur digitize his business model ? ».Digitization is a doubly complex phenomenon, articulating challenges in terms of information systems and change management. The thesis contributes to the literature on digitalization and business models by developing a transformation model called Dynamic Digital Business Model (BMD²). It also endeavors to contribute, in managerial terms, to propose an operational support methodology, easily actionable in the field: the DSIFAT (Discovery, Awareness, Integration, Training, Support, Transformation). Thus supported, the entrepreneur can lead the transformation of his Business Model with method and success
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Hilge, Thomas. "Entwicklung eines Messinstrumentes zur Erfassung chronisch mehrfach geschädigter Alkoholkranker: die Braunschweiger Merkmalsliste (BML)." [S.l. : s.n.], 1998. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=955475716.

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Langenberg, Rüdiger Gerhard Giselher. "Strukturanalyse von hochauflösenden Magnetresonanzbildern des proximalen Femur: In-vitro-Korrelation mit biomechanischer Belastung und BMD." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967806577.

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Bradley, Cayle, Darren Ly, Dennis Gamban, Hermanzo Moreno, Matthew Podawiltz, and Adam Wilk. "Missile defense in the 21st century acquisition environment: exploring a BMD-capable LCS mission package." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/37707.

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SYSTEMS ENGINEERING CAPSTONE PROJECT REPORT
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
In the aftermath of the Cold War, proliferation of late-20th-century Soviet and NATO offensive weaponry has provided many countries and groups around the globe with the ability to challenge the defensive infrastructure of neighboring states. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the struggle between two great superpowers to gain and maintain access to regions of strategic interest has been eclipsed by the emergence of new threatscorrupt regimes, warlords, and terrorists who now have the capability to attack civilian populations, destabilize regional governments, and threaten United States and allied strategic interests. Of particular concern are the threats presented by aggressor short- and medium-range ballistic missiles. These weapons, capable of carrying weaponized chemical or biological payloads, are small, mobile, and difficult to track. Aegis, the premiere sea-based ballistic missile defense (BMD) system of the U.S. Navy, is a high-demand, cost-limited resource that cannot be mobilized to defend all potential target zones. A smaller, more mobile solution is necessary to afford foreign U.S. interests adequate protection. This paper details a systems engineering approach to assess the emergent ballistic missile threat, synthesize solution options to meet littoral region capability needs, and conduct comparative analyses to downselect a conceptual BMD system that meets stakeholder needs.
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Books on the topic "BMDL"

1

Pomiankowski, Nick. The BMDP package on the 2960. Portsmouth: Portsmouth Polytechnic, School of InformationScience, 1986.

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Dixon, W. J. ANOVA and regression with BMDP 5V. Los Angeles, CA: Dixon Statistical Associates, 1992.

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Snell, E. J. Applied statistics: A handbook of BMDP analyses. London: Chapman and Hall, 1987.

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Huisken, Ronald. ABM vs BMD: The issue of ballistic missile defence. Canberra, ACT: Australian National University, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, 2001.

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Brown, Neville. The fundamental issues study: Within the British BMD review. Oxford: Mansfield College1998., 1998.

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Dudewicz, Edward J. Modern elementary probability and statistics: With statistical programming in SAS, MINITAB, & BMDP. Columbus, Ohio: American Sciences Press, 1989.

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Ables, Camilla Y., ed. Soliciting Stakeholder Input for a Revision of Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL). Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/23585.

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Dan dao dao dan lei da mu biao shi bie ji shu: BMD radar target recongnition technology. Beijing Shi: Dian zi gong ye chu ban she, 2011.

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D.C.) Working Group on Ballistic Missile Defense (2002 Washington. BMD in context: Diplomacy, deterrence, and defense : the report of the Working Group on Ballistic Missile Defense. Washington, DC: Eisenhouser Institute, 2002.

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Fraser, Alex W. St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church: Baptisms, Marriages, Deaths, 1884-1978 South Lancaster, Ontario, Glengarry County: BMD 1884-1978 South Lancaster. Courtenay BC: A.W. Fraser, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "BMDL"

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Gerald, G. C. Fitz. "BMDP — 5V." In Expert Systems and Decision Support in Medicine, 564. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48706-4_95.

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Hill, Keith, Tom Baranowski, Walter Schmidt, Nicole Prommer, Michel Audran, Philippe Connes, Ramiro L. Gutiérrez, et al. "BMD." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 133. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_4083.

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Carter, Ashton. "ASAT and BMD." In Strategic Defences and the Future of the Arms Race, 96–101. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18675-4_7.

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Drechsler, Rolf, Bernd Becker, and Stefan Ruppertz. "Manipulation algorithms for K*BMDs." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 4–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0035377.

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van Welbergen, Herwin, Yuyu Xu, Marcus Thiebaux, Wei-Wen Feng, Jingqiao Fu, Dennis Reidsma, and Ari Shapiro. "Demonstrating and Testing the BML Compliance of BML Realizers." In Intelligent Virtual Agents, 269–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23974-8_30.

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Chrząszcz, Jacek, Marieke Huisman, and Aleksy Schubert. "BML and Related Tools." In Formal Methods for Components and Objects, 278–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04167-9_14.

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Snell, E. J. "Some points on the BMDP instructions." In Applied Statistics, 7–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6946-2_3.

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Chai, Hua, Yangang Liang, and Guojin Tang. "An Experimental Approach for BMDS Effectiveness Analysis." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 248–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34396-4_30.

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Hafemeister, David. "The Defense: ABM/SDI/BMD/NMD." In Physics of Societal Issues, 77–105. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9272-6_3.

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D. Blank, Robert. "Animal Models: Allelic Determinants for BMD." In Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism, 76–81. Ames, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118453926.ch9.

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Conference papers on the topic "BMDL"

1

CAVENY, LEONARD, FRANCIS CURRAN, and JOHN BROPHY. "BMDO electric space-propulsion program." In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1934.

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Jung, Timothy M., Adriaan C. Carter, Steven R. Lorentz, and Raju V. Datla. "NIST-BMDO transfer radiometer (BXR)." In AeroSense 2000, edited by Eustace L. Dereniak and Robert E. Sampson. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.391755.

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Jaros, Jiri, and Josef Schwarz. "Parallel BMDA with probability model migration." In 2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2007.4424587.

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Schappell, D., C. Geangu, and S. Grisnik. "BMDO SBIR multi-function valve development testing." In 34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-3809.

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Caveny, Leonard, Francis Curran, John Sankovic, Douglas Allen, John Brophy, and Charles Garner. "The BMDO thruster-on-a-pallet program." In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2380.

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Chu, Bryant, Jeremi Leasure, and Dimitriy Kondrashov. "Selective Densitometry of the Lumbar Spine." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14218.

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Bone mineral density (BMD) has been identified as a major factor in spine construct strength, with failures resulting in pedicle screw loosening and pullout2. Computed tomography (CT) scans have been shown to effectively measure BMD1,4. Previous research has utilized this linear correlation of CT Hounsfield Units (HU) to BMD in order to determine BMD as a function of anatomic location within cervical vertebrae1; however, the lumbar spine has not yet been reported on. The goal of this study was to describe BMD of anatomical regions within lumbar vertebrae using the correlation between HU and BMD. It was hypothesized that posterior elements of the spine would exhibit significantly different BMD than the vertebral body. This was tested through means comparison of BMD for each anatomical region.
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Marmor, Meir, Marshall Fong, Thomas Chu, Hyun Kyu Han, Viva Tai, Amir Matityahu, and Jenni M. Buckley. "Assessment of Local Bone Mineral Density With Strain-Gage Instrumented Surgical Tools." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206832.

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The bone mineral density (BMD) in a given fracture site may affect the outcome of fracture fixation. Low BMD values, such as those occurring in osteoporotic bone, can determine the fixation method and the postoperative care. Evaluation of the BMD is either done subjectively during surgery or by a preoperative measurement. The technique most commonly used to measure BMD preoperatively is dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). DEXA scans have been shown to be site specific [1,2] and therefore may be inaccurate in determining local BMD at the fixation site. Furthermore, in trauma cases, patients frequently do not present with a pre-operative DEXA scan; and the ideal method of assessment would be intraoperative. Intraoperative BMD assessment could be used to guide surgical decisions such as the point of entry of a screw for a fracture plating system or use of locking versus non-locking screw-plate contruct.
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He Zheng, Liao Ni, Ran Xian, Shilei Liu, and Wenxin Li. "BMDT: An optimized method for Biometric Menagerie Detection." In 2015 IEEE 7th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/btas.2015.7358751.

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Jaros, Jiri, and Josef Schwarz. "Parallel BMDA with an aggregation of probability models." In 2009 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2009.4983144.

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Korevaar, Eric J., John J. Schuster, Scott H. Bloom, Victor J. Chan, Irene H. Chen, Carrey Foster, C. S. Liu, Amy Low, Michael D. Rivers, and Kevin D. Slatnick. "Status of BMDO/IST lasercom advanced technology demonstration." In OE/LASE '94, edited by G. Stephen Mecherle. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.184640.

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Reports on the topic "BMDL"

1

Syring, James D. Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1018994.

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Zimmerman, J. BMDO Technologies for Biomedical Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada338549.

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Zimmerman, J., and L. Hylton. BMDO Technology Applications in Biomedicine. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada338578.

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Vahala, Kerry. (BMDO) All-Optical Wavelength Coded Logic. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada413534.

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Khurgin, J. B. (BMDO) Materials Engineering Novel Semiconductor Structures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada413773.

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Pierce, Bruce J. BMD Technology Program Overview. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada370462.

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MISSILE DEFENSE AGENCY WASHINGTON DC. Missile Defense Agency Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS): Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement. Volume 1 Final BMDS PEIS. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada515711.

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Vahala, Kerry. (BMDO) All Optical Wavelength Coded Logic Gates. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada413538.

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Houston, Joseph B., and Jr. Unique Approaches to BMDO/ISTEF Optical Systems Design. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada370591.

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Federer, W. T., C. E. McCulloch, and N. J. Miles-McDermott. Illustrative Examples of Principal Component Analysis using BMDP/4M. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada185179.

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