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Desai, Amruta. "Design support for biomolecular systems." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1265986863.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2010.Advisor: Carla Purdy. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Apr. 19, 2010). Includes abstract. Keywords: Biological pathways; weighted gate; BMDL; pyrimidine. Includes bibliographical references.
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Hidalgo, Nicho Eduardo Alejandro. "Toxicidad de la mezcla binaria de los plaguicidas metomilo y rotenona en la “lenteja de agua” Lemna minor (Linnaeus, 1758)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2015. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/698.
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Se evaluó la toxicidad individual y binaria de los plaguicidas metomilo y rotenona en la macrofita Lemna minor (Linnaeus, 1753) para determinar la acción sinérgica o antagónica de una mezcla equitóxica. Los ensayos se realizaron bajo condiciones de laboratorio (T 29 ± 2°C; H 48,6 ± 9,4 %) y los resultados fueron analizados con los programas estadísticos BMDS® y Probit para calcular la concentración efectiva media (CE50) a través de los parámetros Área de la Fronda (AF) y Nuevas Frondas (NF). Los resultados sugieren una mayor precisión al utilizar el Método del Punto de Referencia del programa BMDS® para el cálculo de la concentración efectiva. Adicionalmente, se calculó la concentración total de clorofila (CTC) y peso húmedo (PH) para determinar la inhibición del crecimiento (Ir). Del mismo modo, se realizó una comparación entre los valores NOAEL (nivel de efecto no observado) y LOAEL (nivel bajo de efecto observado) versus los valores de BMDL (límite inferior del punto de referencia) y BMD (nivel de variación en el punto de referencia), respectivamente. El análisis muestra que existe una mayor precisión al emplear los valores BMD y BMDL. La acción fitotóxica varió según el parámetro analizado. La CE50 mostró mayores valores en el parámetro NF (1079,22 mg·L-1 para rotenona; 7147,42 mg·L-1 para metomilo; 597,904 mg·L-1 mezcla binaria: metomilo y 298,93 mg·L-1 mezcla binaria: rotenona) que en el parámetro AF (782,173 mg·L-1 para rotenona; 6919,79 mg·L-1 para metomilo; 629,513 mg·L-1 mezcla binaria: metomilo y 314,754 mg·L-1 mezcla binaria: rotenona). Finalmente, el modelo de concentración-adición mostró que la acción fitotóxica de la mezcla de ambos plaguicidas en Lemna minor tiene un efecto sinérgico.
Macrophyte Lemna minor (Linnaeus, 1753) was used to evaluate the phytotoxicity of the individual and mix action of methomyl and rotenone pesticides under laboratory conditions (Temperature 29 ± 2°C; Humidity 48,6 9,4 %). The taken measures to establish half effective concentration (EC50) were the frond area (AF) and production of new fronds (NF). In this study, BMDS® and Probit stadistical data analyses were used to compare the results about effective concentration. Results suggest Benchmark dose method of BMDS® program was more effective than Probit program when EC50 were determined. Additionally, total chlorophyll concentration (CTC) and humidity weight (PH) parameters were calculated to determinate the growth inhibition (Ir). Likewise, NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) and LOAEL (low observer adverse effect level) were compared with BMDL (lower bench mark dose) and BMD (Bench mark dose), respectively. BMD and BMDL values were more accurate than NOAEL and LOAEL values. Phytotoxic action varied according the parameter. EC50 values of Lemna minor showed poor sensibility to methomyl pesticide with an elevated concentration in both parameters (6919,79 mg•L-1 and 7147,42 mg•L-1 for AF and NF, respectively). Results of rotenone pesticide were lower than methomyl, with 1079,22 mg•L-1 (NF) and 782,173 mg•L-1 (AF). Finally, the mix toxicity was 597,904 mg•L-1 (methomyl: NF), 298,93 mg•L-1 (rotenone: NF), 629,513 mg•L-1 (methomyl: AF) and 314,754 mg•L-1 (rotenone: AF). For synergy calculation, Concentration-Adition value was used, concluding a higher synergism.
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Fang, Qijun. "Hierarchical Bayesian Benchmark Dose Analysis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/316773.
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An important objective in statistical risk assessment is estimation of minimum exposure levels, called Benchmark Doses (BMDs) that induce a pre-specified Benchmark Response (BMR) in a target population. Established inferential approaches for BMD analysis typically involve one-sided, frequentist confidence limits, leading in practice to what are called Benchmark Dose Lower Limits (BMDLs). Appeal to hierarchical Bayesian modeling and credible limits for building BMDLs is far less developed, however. Indeed, for the few existing forms of Bayesian BMDs, informative prior information is seldom incorporated. Here, a new method is developed by using reparameterized quantal-response models that explicitly describe the BMD as a target parameter. This potentially improves the BMD/BMDL estimation by combining elicited prior belief with the observed data in the Bayesian hierarchy. Besides this, the large variety of candidate quantal-response models available for applying these methods, however, lead to questions of model adequacy and uncertainty. Facing this issue, the Bayesian estimation technique here is further enhanced by applying Bayesian model averaging to produce point estimates and (lower) credible bounds. Implementation is facilitated via a Monte Carlo-based adaptive Metropolis (AM) algorithm to approximate the posterior distribution. Performance of the method is evaluated via a simulation study. An example from carcinogenicity testing illustrates the calculations.
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Ortega-Garcia, Javier, Julian Fierrez, Fernando Alonso-Fernandez, J. Galbally, M. R. Freire, J. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, C. Garcia-Mateo, et al. "The Multi-Scenario Multi-Environment BioSecure Multimodal Database (BMDB)." Escuela Politecnica Superior, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Spain, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-21221.
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Sousa, Jucilene Pereira de. "Peixe-zebra (Danio rerio) Transgênico para o gene bmal1a: efeitos no relógio molecular do músculo esquelético." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8838.
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Most organisms have circadian rhythms with a periodicity of 24-hour that are generated by an endogenous mechanism, the molecular clock, which has the ability to synchronize biological functions with environmental signals. This mechanism has fundamental importance in the homeostasis of the tissues that are under its influence. Among the genes of the molecular clock machinery, the clock and bmal are positive regulators of clock mechanism and they present sigmoid expression profile in the skeletal muscle in zebrafish (Danio rerio). CLOCK and BMAL participate on the activation of the myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs - myoD, myog, myf5 and myf6), which are important in the development and differentiation of muscle cells. Despite this knowledge, the physiological importance of circadian rhythm in skeletal muscle of fish is not known. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to produce a zebrafish transgenic lineage that expresses bmal1a constitutively in the skeletal muscle to investigate the role of the molecular clock in the muscle. The transfer rate of the transgene to offspring, effect of transgenesis in the survival and fish growth, and expression of the bmal1a, clock1a and MRFs were investigated. The founding transgenic population (F0) was obtained after microinjection, and positive larvae were observed as specimens which presented green fluorescent heart. F1 was obtained from natural crossings between F0 and NT fish. Likewise, F2 was obtained from F1. F2 transgenic and NT were used in this study. The transgenic lineage was successfully generated with 50% transmission from the transgene to the offspring following a Mendelian model. The analysis of gene expression was made by qPCR. The survival (41,4±0% F2 and 44,3±6% NT) and growth (3.7±0.1 cm F2 and 3.8±0.2 cm NT) of F2 were not statistically different from NT fish. Among the genes, clock1a and myog presented statistically significant differences between the lineages with circadian profile in NT fish, suggesting that myog may be a clock controlled genes. The other genes (bmal1a, myf5, myf6, and myoD) presented constitutive expression. In general, it can be verified that the constitutive expression of bmal1a did not present change in the expression of the molecular clock, not affecting the homeostasis of the skeletal muscle, survival and growth.
A maioria dos organismos apresentam ritmos circadianos em torno de um período de 24 horas que são gerados por um mecanismo endógeno, o relógio molecular, que tem a capacidade de sincronizar-se com sinais ambientais. Este mecanismo tem fundamental importância na homeostase dos tecidos que estão sob sua influência. Dentre os genes que compõem a maquinaria do relógio molecular os genes clock e bmal são os reguladores positivos do mecanismo desse relógio e apresentam expressão com perfil sigmoide em tecido como o músculo do peixe-zebra (Danio rerio), participando da ativação de alguns fatores regulatórios miogênicos (MRFs – myoD, myog, myf5 e myf6), os quais possuem importância para o desenvolvimento e diferenciação do músculo. Apesar deste conhecimento, não se sabe a importância fisiológica do ritmo de expressão circadiana no músculo esquelético de peixes. Neste sentido, o objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a taxa de transferência do transgene para a prole; se a transgenia para o gene bmal1a no músculo esquelético interferiu na sobrevivência e crescimento dos peixes; e avaliar se a expressão dos genes bmal1a, clock1a e MRFs apresentaram diferenças na linhagem transgênica comparada à linhagem não-transgênica (NT). Os fundadores (F0) foram obtidos após a microinjeção do plasmídeo e as larvas positivas foram observadas com coração verde fluorescente. A F1 foi obtida a partir de cruzamentos entre peixes F0 e NT. Da mesma forma, F2 foi obtida a partir da F1, os quais foram utilizados no presente estudo. A análise da expressão gênica das linhagens aos 11 meses de idade foi realizada utilizando a técnica qPCR. A linhagem transgênica foi gerada com sucesso, transmitindo o transgene para a prole seguindo a herança mendeliana. A sobrevivência e crescimento da prole F2 não apresentaram diferenças entre as linhagens, sendo 41,4±0% para a linhagem transgênica e 44,3±6% NT até 30 dpf e 3.7±0.1 cm transgênicos e 3.8±0.2 cm para NT aos 11 meses de idade, respectivamente. Dentre os genes, o clock1a e o myog apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as linhagens com perfil circadiano em peixes NT, sugerindo que myog seja um gene controlado pelo relógio. Os demais genes apresentaram expressão constitutiva. De um modo geral, pode-se verificar que a expressão constitutiva do bmal1a não apresentou alteração na expressão do relógio molecular, desta forma, não afetou a homeostasia do organismo, a sobrevivência das larvas, bem como não afetou o crescimento.
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Murphy, Terence M. "The Pacific phased adaptive approach: U.S. BMD in response to the DRPK." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/44626.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThis thesis aims to create a Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) architecture in the Pacific. Since 1998, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea has launched ballistic missiles either over or toward the United States and regional allies Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK). In response, the United States has created the Ballistic Missile Defense System to defend the U.S. homeland from North Korean or Iranian missile attack. This thesis examines the factors influencing BMD efforts in the Pacific. It explores the military, political, and diplomatic concerns surrounding BMD cooperation in the United States, Japan and the ROK. After reviewing the contributing factors, this thesis outlines separate military and diplomatic objectives to be met in forming a BMD network in the Pacific. The proposed Pacific Phased Adaptive Approach (PPAA) is modeled after the European Phased Adaptive Approach. Initial phases deploy sensors and interceptors to Japan and the ROK. Later, phases utilize new technologies to enhance sensor coverage and intercept capability across the Pacific. The diplomatic initiatives build upon existing bilateral relations to achieve a trilateral U.S.-Japan-ROK defense agreement. The defense agreement is not necessary to fulfill the PPAA, but it allows for sharing of resources and efficient use of those resources.
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Varenne, Patrick. "La transformation digitale des entreprises : effectuation et Business Model Digital Dynamique (BMD²)." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2029.
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La digitalisation se définit comme la reformulation des modèles d’affaires en industrialisant les processus de faible valeur ajoutée. Le produit ou le service ainsi digitalisé est délivré à l’aide d’un artefact numérique de type plateforme ou d’un code informatique afin de désintermédier un modèle d’affaires traditionnel et ainsi gagner en performance. La digitalisation contribue à transformer les usages des utilisateurs. La digitalisation conduit à une transformation organisationnelle profonde, qui se déploie sur deux niveaux : technologique d’une part, évoquant la capacité de transformation et de maturité digitale, et organisationnelle d’autre part, renvoyant aux aspects stratégiques et opérationnels de la transformation. La digitalisation est apparue avec l’avénement au Web 2.0. Le glissement du e-commerce du début des années 2000 vers le e-Business caractérise la transformation digitale des modèles d’affaires traditionnels. Il en résulte de la part des entrepreneurs une demande importante d’outils et de prescriptions afin d’être accompagnés dans cette transformation. La posture de l’entrepreneur et la notion de modèle d’affaires sont donc centrales dans cette thèse pour analyser les modalités de création et de captation de valeur telles que celles associées aux plateformes digitales. La problématique générale peut donc être formulée comme suit : « Comment l’entrepreneur digitalise-t-il son business model ? ».La digitalisation est un phénomène doublement complexe, articulant des enjeux en termes de systèmes d’informations et de conduite du changement. La thèse contribue à la littérature sur la digitalisation et les business models en développant un modèle de transformation dénommée Business Model Digital Dynamique (BMD²). Elle s’attache également à contribuer, en termes managériaux, à proposer une méthodologie d’accompagnement opérationnel, facilement actionnable sur le terrain : le DSIFAT (Découverte, Sensibilisation, Intégration, Formation, Accompagnement, Transformation). Ainsi accompagné, l’entrepreneur peut conduire la transformation de son Business Model avec méthode et succèsDigitalization is defined as the reformulation of business models by industrializing low value-added processes. The product or service thus digitized is delivered using a platform-type digital artefact or computer code in order to disintermediate a traditional business model and thus gain in performance. Digitization is helping to transform the uses of users. Digitalization leads to a deep organizational transformation, which takes place on two levels : technological on the one hand, evoking the capacity for transformation and digital maturity, and organizational on the other hand, referring to the strategic and operational aspects of the transformation.Digitization first appeared with the advent of Web 2.0. The shift from e-commerce in the early 2000s to e-Business characterized the digital transformation of traditional business models. This results in an important demand on the part of entrepreneurs for tools and prescriptions in order to be supported in this transformation. The posture of the entrepreneur and the concept of business model are therefore central in this thesis to analyze the methods of creation and capture of value such as those associated with digital platforms. The general problem can therefore be formulated as follows : « How does the entrepreneur digitize his business model ? ».Digitization is a doubly complex phenomenon, articulating challenges in terms of information systems and change management. The thesis contributes to the literature on digitalization and business models by developing a transformation model called Dynamic Digital Business Model (BMD²). It also endeavors to contribute, in managerial terms, to propose an operational support methodology, easily actionable in the field: the DSIFAT (Discovery, Awareness, Integration, Training, Support, Transformation). Thus supported, the entrepreneur can lead the transformation of his Business Model with method and success
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Hilge, Thomas. "Entwicklung eines Messinstrumentes zur Erfassung chronisch mehrfach geschädigter Alkoholkranker: die Braunschweiger Merkmalsliste (BML)." [S.l. : s.n.], 1998. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=955475716.
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Langenberg, Rüdiger Gerhard Giselher. "Strukturanalyse von hochauflösenden Magnetresonanzbildern des proximalen Femur: In-vitro-Korrelation mit biomechanischer Belastung und BMD." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967806577.
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Bradley, Cayle, Darren Ly, Dennis Gamban, Hermanzo Moreno, Matthew Podawiltz, and Adam Wilk. "Missile defense in the 21st century acquisition environment: exploring a BMD-capable LCS mission package." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/37707.
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SYSTEMS ENGINEERING CAPSTONE PROJECT REPORTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited
In the aftermath of the Cold War, proliferation of late-20th-century Soviet and NATO offensive weaponry has provided many countries and groups around the globe with the ability to challenge the defensive infrastructure of neighboring states. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the struggle between two great superpowers to gain and maintain access to regions of strategic interest has been eclipsed by the emergence of new threatscorrupt regimes, warlords, and terrorists who now have the capability to attack civilian populations, destabilize regional governments, and threaten United States and allied strategic interests. Of particular concern are the threats presented by aggressor short- and medium-range ballistic missiles. These weapons, capable of carrying weaponized chemical or biological payloads, are small, mobile, and difficult to track. Aegis, the premiere sea-based ballistic missile defense (BMD) system of the U.S. Navy, is a high-demand, cost-limited resource that cannot be mobilized to defend all potential target zones. A smaller, more mobile solution is necessary to afford foreign U.S. interests adequate protection. This paper details a systems engineering approach to assess the emergent ballistic missile threat, synthesize solution options to meet littoral region capability needs, and conduct comparative analyses to downselect a conceptual BMD system that meets stakeholder needs.
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McNabb, Rhonda. "Factors Impacting Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Results of Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3378.
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Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are prone to certain diseases in their lifetime, such as osteoporosis. Absorption of calcium is essential to maintaining good bone health and preventing osteoporosis. This study examined primary care providers’ (PCPs) choice of calcium supplementation, as well as type of calcium supplementation, and the relationship between variables in the IDD population. Ten PCPs were asked to complete a 14-question web-based survey, with five surveys completed. Calcium citrate was the preferred supplement among respondents at 50%. Retrospective data was collected from patient records and included type of calcium supplement prescribed, bone density test results, and other variable factors. The type of calcium supplement prescribed did not affect bone density results in subjects with IDD. There was a weak significance between calcium supplement type and gender and vitamin D. It is of modest benefit to include vitamin D with calcium supplementation to enhance calcium absorption.
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Hamdy, Ronald C., E. Seier, Kathleen E. Whalen, W. Andrew Clark, and K. Hicks. "FRAX Calculated Without Bmd Does Not Correctly Identify Caucasian Men with Densitometric Evidence of Osteoporosis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2494.
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Summary: The FRAX algorithm assesses the patient’s probability of sustaining an osteoporotic fracture and can be calculated with or without densitometric data. This study seeks to determine whether in men, FRAX scores calculated without BMD, correctly identify patients with BMD-defined osteoporosis.
Introduction: The diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on densitometric data, the presence of a fragility fracture or increased fracture risk. The FRAX algorithm estimates the patient’s 10-year probability of sustaining an osteoporotic fracture and can be calculated with or without BMD data. The purpose of this study is to determine whether in men, FRAX calculated without BMD, can correctly identify patients with BMD-defined osteoporosis.
Methods: Retrospectively retrieved data from 726 consecutive Caucasian males, 50 to 70 years old referred to our Osteoporosis Center.
Results: In the population studied, 11.8 and 25.3% had BMD-defined osteoporosis when female and male reference populations were used respectively. When the National Osteoporosis Foundation thresholds to initiate treatment are used, only 27% of patients with BMD-defined osteoporosis, but 4% with normal BMD reached/exceeded these thresholds. Lowering the threshold increased sensitivity, but decreased specificity.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that FRAX without BMD is not sensitive/specific enough to be used to identify Caucasian men 50 to 70 years old with BMD-defined osteoporosis.
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Nakanishi, Rika. "Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 is a negative regulator of peak BMD in SAMP6 mice." Kyoto University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135707.
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Li, Yanli. "Characterisation of PRRSV1 infection in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458631.
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Esta tesis tiene como objeto caracterizar la adhesión, la replicación y la inducción de apoptosis en células dendríticas inmaduras (i) y maduras (m) derivadas de médula ósea (BMDC) enfrentadas al virus del PRRS (VPRRS). Se utilizaron tres aislados de PRRSV1 (3249, 3262 y 3267) cuya cinética de replicación se determinó inicialmente en macrófagos alveolares porcinos (PAM). El título obtenido en iBMDC fue significantemente mayor que en mBMDC (12 y 24hpi). Para los aislados 3249 y 3262, la replicación alcanzó el pico antes en las iBMDC (24h) que en las mBMDC (48h). Además, la eficacia de replicación dependía de la cepa usada siendo la cepa 3262 la que siempre tuvo menor replicación e infectó a una menor proporción de células. El estudio de adhesión y replicación con relación a la expresión de tres receptores: PoSn, CD163 y sulfato de heparán, se estudió mediante microscopía confocal de tres colores (PoSn, CD163 and PRRSV), y reveló que en iBMDC existía adhesión en las 4 subpoblaciones definidas por PoSn y CD163, incluso después del bloqueo del sulfato de heparán. Estos resultados sugerían la posibilidad de que existieran otros receptores víricos. Seguidamente, se realizó un estudio de microscopía confocal con marcaje de CD163/PRRSV o PoSn/PRRSV, observándose replicación en células aparentemente PoSn- y CD163-. A continuación se estudió la expresión de CD163 en las iBMDC infectadas por la cepa 3267 mediante citometría. Es este caso, el 8.4±0.5% de células aparentemente CD163- se marcaron como infectadas. Tras esto, se realizó una separación por citometría de flujo en función de la expresión de CD163 (CD163-, CD163lo and CD163hi). La primera separación se centró en aquellas CD163- cuya clasificación estaba "más allá de la duda". La segunda, se enfocó en el grupo de células CD163- junto con CD163lo. Como controles se emplearon iBMDC sin separar. No se observó infección en las células CD163- “más allá de la duda”. Cuando las CD163- se clasificaron junto con células CD163lo, la población CD163- infectada fue de 0,6 ± 0,07% a las 40 hpi aumentando a 1,6% ± 0,08% a las 60 hpi, siendo la proporción de células infectadas mayor que el número inicial de células CD163+. Este hecho podría ser debido a la generación de nuevas células CD163lo que se infectarían tan pronto como expresaran esta molécula, o alternativamente, el medio creado por la infección de células CD163+ indujo la aparición de la población CD163- susceptible. El estudio de inducción de la apoptosis, en PAM se observó un marcaje positivo para la caspasa-3 activada tanto en células infectadas como no infectadas para los tres aislamientos (microscopía confocal). Por el contrario, en BMDC el marcaje se localizó principalmente en células no infectadas. Este hallazgo sugiere la diferente activación de las vías intrínseca y extrínseca para PAMs y BMDC. Además, la señal de caspasa-3 en BMDC alcanzó un máximo a las 48 hpi, más tarde que en PAM (24 hpi). Este desarrollo más lento de la apoptosis podría permitir más ciclos de replicación vírica, resultando en mayores rendimientos víricos en BMDC. Un examen posterior para apoptosis/necrosis de cultivos de BMDC mostró que los aislados 3249 y 3267 indujeron apoptosis y necrosis, mientras que 3262 sólo produjo cambios menores. La neutralización de la IL-10 inducida por el 3262 dio lugar a la aparición de células apoptóticas, pero este efecto no ocurrió con 2988 que inducía también la producción de IL-10. Por lo tanto, todavía no está claro el papel de IL-10 juega en la apoptosis inducida por PRRSV. Los resultados de esta tesis pueden ser útiles para comprender el papel de DC en la patogénesis de PRRSV.The present thesis aims to characterize the attachment, replication and the induction of apoptosis during PRRSV infection in immature (i) and mature (m) bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC). Three PRRSV1 isolates (3249, 3262 and 3267) were used. The kinetics of replication were assessed by titrating cell culture supernatants in macrophages. The viral yield in iBMDC at 12 and 24 hpi was significantly higher than in mBMDC, and the replication of two isolates (3249 and 3262) peaked earlier in iBMDC (24 hpi) compared to mBMDC (48hpi). These results indicated that iBMDC were more efficient than mBMDC in supporting viral replication. This feature was not related to the proportion of CD163+ cells nor the levels of IFN-α in the cultures. In addition, the replication efficiency was strain-dependent. Isolate 3262 showed the lowest titres in both cell types at all times, consistently with the lowest proportions of 3262-infected cells in flow cytometry. The attachment and replication was further studied in association with the expression of three receptors, PoSn, CD163 and heparan sulphate. A three-colour confocal microscopy staining (PoSn, CD163 and PRRSV) on iBMDC showed that attachment occurred on the four subsets defined by PoSn and CD163. Removal of heparan sulphate from the cell surface did not fully avoid the attachment. These results indicated that attachment of PRRSV1 on BMDC might occur beyond the intervention of heparan sulphate, PoSn and CD163 and point towards the existence of other potential receptors. Next, a two-colour confocal microscopy labelling CD163/PRRSV or PoSn/PRRSV was performed. Replication was observed in cells that were apparently PoSn- and CD163-. As CD163 is the only recognized essential receptor for PRRSV, its expression together with the infection by isolate 3267 on iBMDC was further examined by flow cytometry. In that case, 8.4 ± 0.5% of apparently CD163- cells were labelled as infected. To further clarify this, a sorting experiment based on CD163 expression (CD163-, CD163lo and CD163hi) was done. The first sorting focused on “beyond doubt” CD163- cells. The second sorting grouped CD163- cells together with CD163lo. Unsorted iBMDC were used as controls. The “beyond doubt” CD163- cells were not infected by 40 hpi. When CD163- were sorted together with CD163lo, the proportion of infected CD163- cells was 0.6 ± 0.07% at 40 hpi and 1.6% ± 0.08% at 60 hpi. The proportion of infected cells at 60 hpi was higher than the initial number of CD163+ cells. These results can be explained by the generation of new CD163lo that were probably infected when expressing levels of this molecule below the sensitivity of the cytometer. Alternatively, the milieu created by CD163+ infected cells resulted in CD163- susceptible cells expressing yet unknown receptors for the virus. Regarding the induction of apoptosis, in PAM cleaved caspase-3 labelling was observed in both infected and bystander cells for all three isolates (confocal microscopy), while in BMDC bystanders were mainly labelled. This is indicative of different apoptosis triggering pathways for PAM and BMDC. Moreover, at m.o.i. 0.1, the caspase-3 signal in BMDC peaked later (48 hpi) than in PAM (24 hpi), which might allow more cycles of viral replication and result in higher viral yields in BMDC. Further examination of inoculated BMDC cultures for apoptosis/necrosis showed significant differences between isolates. Thus, 3249 and 3267 isolates apparently induced apoptosis/necrosis of BMDC but 3262 did not. Neutralization of IL-10 released by BMDC and induced by 3262 infection resulted in the occurrence of apoptotic cells, but this did not happen with a second IL-10-inducing isolate (2988). The above-mentioned results will be useful to understand the role of DC in PRRSV pathogenesis.
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Amorim, Fernandes Tânia Patricía. "Bone health in elite ballet dancers : a multidisciplinary approach." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/620907.
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Background: It has been reported that dancers are at greater risk of developing low bone mineral density (BMD) compared to general population; however, some published studies also highlight the positive effects of dance training on bone metabolism. Given the existing controversy, the aim of the current work was a) to investigate bone health status of professional ballet dancers and vocational dance students, and b) to investigate associated factors and mechanisms involved in dancers’ bone health. Design Cross-sectional, longitudinal analysis (2-yrs follow-up) and genetic association studies were conducted on a population which consisted of professional ballet dancers, vocational dance students and controls. Methods: The total of 58 professional ballet dancers (66 sex- aged-matched controls), and 152 vocational dance students (96 aged- and sex-matched controls) were screened for BMD status at impact [femoral neck (FN); lumbar spine (LS)] and non-impact sites (forearm). Tanner staging, age at menarche and menstrual status were assessed via questionnaires. Bone mass, nutrition, peak height velocity estimation, energy availability, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1), oestrogens, growth hormone, and sclerostin serum concentrations were longitudinally measured in a sub-sample of 101 vocational dance students and age- and sex-matched controls. Association between polymorphisms of the Wnt/β-catenin and ER signalling pathways with low BMD were further investigated. Results: Female vocational dance students were more likely to display low BMD at the forearm and LS than controls (OR= 0.1; p < 0.05 and OR=0.2; p < 0.05, respectively); the prevalence of low BMD at the forearm was significantly higher in female professional ballet dancers than controls (37.5% vs. 17.4%, p < 0.001). During the follow-up, both female and male vocational dancers revealed significantly lower BMD at impact and non-impact sites (p < 0.001) compared to controls. Serum IGF-1 concentrations were significantly increased in vocational dancers compared to controls at 2yrs follow-up (p < 0.05), as well as serum sclerostin (p < 0.05). Genetic variants at the Wnt/β-catenin and ER signalling pathways were identified as risk factors for low BMD at both impact and non-impact sites. Conclusion: Professional dancers and vocational dance students have lower bone health compared to controls. Genetic mechanisms seem to be determinant. It is recommend that dancers performing at elite level should be referred for bone densitometry.
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Bali, Sulzhan. "In vitro modelling of cellular processes in OM-BMDM studies in Junbo mice reveal defects in HIF and TGF-β." Thesis, Open University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551624.
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Chronic otitis media (OM) is a common cause of deafness in children. Two novel murine models of chronic OM, Junbo and Jeff, generated by chemical mutagenesis with ethyl nitrosurea (ENU) , have been developed at MRC Harwell. Junbo heterozygote mice (Jbo/+) mice have a mutation in transcription factor Evi-l and Jeff heterozygote mice (JP+) mice have a mutation in gene for Fbxo protein Fbxoll. Pathologic hypoxia has been characterized as a common feature of the inflamed middle ear in both models. HIF - VEGF pathways dysregulation has been indicated in both models previously. However, the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of OM in these two models are yet to be elucidated. In this thesis I have described an in-vitro model system to study cellular processes in OM to study and identify pathways involved in OM pathogenesis. This model system involves culturing BMDM and exposing them to various treatments under standard defined conditions. Results from this thesis reveal that Evi-l is expressed at comparable levels in both WT and Jbo/+ genotypes and that Evi_lA2288T mutation is a loss of function mutation which results in dysregulated expression of Smad responsive and hypoxia responsive genes such as Vegf and Glut-l under prolonged hypoxic conditions. Although Jbo/+ BMDM are hyper- responsive to LPS in normoxia, as was indicated by higher Vegf and 1l-6 levels, macrophage phagocytic function is potentially attenuated in Jbo/+ under hypoxic conditions as was indicated by lower levels of Tnf-a and Il- IP in Jbo/+ BMDM in LPS and hypoxia combination treatment. A perturbed resolution of !l-6 and !l-IP in hypoxia was also observed. Studies performed in this thesis revealed dysregulation in TGF -~ pathway in both Jbo/+ and Jf/+ BMDM in normoxia which suggests a common role of TGF-~ signalling in OM pathogenesis. Differential expression of cytokines was observed in Jbo/+ BMDM after prolonged treatment with TGF-~ and hypoxia indicating a pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory phenotype. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Il-l B, C5a, Il-l7, Il-23, and Ccl5 were higher in Jbo/+ BMDM and levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as Il-lra, Il-lO, and Il-4 were lower in Jbo/+ BMDM after prolonged hypoxia and TGF-~ treatment which further validates the role of dysregulated HIF and TGF-~ signalling pathways in OM in Jbo/+ mice. The differential cytokine expression observed in Jbo/+ BMDM is favourable for Thl7 cell differentiation and may indicate a role of cross-talk of innate immunity and cell mediated immunity in OM chronicity in hypoxia. To conclude, HIP signalling and TGF-~ signalling in Jbo/+ BMDM IS dysregulated. Pro-angiogenic function, impaired resolution of inflammation and predisposition to Thl7 cell differentiation by Jbo/+ BMDM under hypoxia contribute to the prolonged and chronic inflammation in Jbo/+mice and may provide some evidence of pathways that could be affected in OM patients.
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Cudhea, Frederick Prichard. "A Novel Method for Modeling Hierarchical Developmental Toxicity Data and Calculating Joint Risk BMDs Based on the Plackett-Dale Distribution." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11180.
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In developmental toxicity studies, multiple levels of correlation exist between multiple outcomes of interest, complicating the estimation of models and risk assessment for data collected from these studies. The first chapter describes these multiple layers of correlation, the problems that arise from them, and provides a detailed literature review of the statistical methodology developed in order to address these problems.
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Nokes, Neil R. "Changes in Bone Mineral Density in Middle-Age Women According to Physical Activity Volume, Intensity, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Six-Year Prospective Study." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1898.
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This study was conducted to determine if physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) at baseline influence the likelihood of gaining bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip and lumbar spine over 6 years. Another aim was to ascertain the effect of several potential confounding factors. In a prospective study of 244 women (baseline age range 35-45 years), physical activity volume (PAv) and intensity (PAi) were measured using accelerometers at baseline. CRF indexed by VO2max was estimated using a graded, maximal treadmill test at baseline. BMD was measured using DEXA. Risk ratios were used to show the likelihood of BMD gains (> 75th percentile) between different levels of PAv, PAi, or CRF at baseline. Mean hip BMD change was -0.015 + 0.045 g/cm2. Women with high PAv were 2.50 times (95% CI: 1.19-5.24), and women with moderate PAv were 2.20 times (95% CI: 1.08-4.45), more likely to experience significant hip BMD gains than women with low PAv. Adjusting for potential confounders had little effect on the results. Baseline PAi and CRF were not related to changes in hip BMD. None of the relationships between PAv, PAi, and CRF, and changes in spine BMD, was statistically significant. Middle-aged women with moderate or high levels of PAv are more likely to experience significant gains in hip BMD over time compared to those with low levels of PAv.
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Koppers, Boris [Verfasser]. "Bestimmung der BMD in Abdomen-CT-Untersuchungen : Evaluation der Methode und Untersuchung eines onkologischen Nachsorgekollektivs / Boris Koppers." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1028571631/34.
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Molza, Anne-Elisabeth. "Etude in silico du complexe impliquant le domaine central de la Dystrophine, le domaine PDZ de la nNOS, l'Actine filamenteuse et les Phospholipides membranaires." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1B018.
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La dystrophine est une très grande protéine codée le gène DMD et située sous la membrane plasmique des fibres musculaires. Elle joue un rôle essentiel dans le maintien de l’intégrité de la cellule musculaire lors des cycles de contraction/relaxation. Cette protéine filamenteuse est composée de quatre domaines structuraux dont le domaine central composé de 24 répétitions homologues à la spectrine. Chaque répétition est organisée en faisceau de trois α-hélices appelé « coiled-coil ». Des mutations du gène DMD sont à l’origine des myopathies de Duchenne (DMD) et de Becker (BMD) qui s’accompagnent d’un déficit total ou d’une dystrophine mutée et induisent de ruptures fréquentes de la membrane des cellules musculaires. La connaissance de la structure de la dystrophine est nécessaire au développement de thérapies à ce jour inexistantes pour les myopathies. Au laboratoire, des données structurales du domaine central de la dystrophine ont été acquises par diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles (SAXS, Small Angles X-ray Scattering). Cette thèse présente le développement d’une approche multi-échelle combinant des données expérimentales SAXS et des données in silico pour la reconstruction de modèles haute-résolution des fragments du domaine central de la dystrophine et d’un fragment muté observé dans une mutation BMD fréquente. Nous avons également cartographié l’interaction de ce domaine central avec deux de ses partenaires fonctionnels importants, l’actine filamenteuse et avec la nitroxyde synthase neuronale (nNOS) et proposé les premiers modèles atomiques des complexes macromoléculaires correspondants. L’ensemble de ces résultats permettra à terme l’optimisation de thérapies pour le traitement des dystrophies musculairesDystrophin is a large protein encoded by DMD gene and located under the plasma membrane of muscle fibers. It plays an essential role in maintaining the integrity of muscle cells during contraction/relaxation cycles. This filamentous protein is composed of four structural domains including the central domain consisting of 24 spectrin-like repeats and four hinges. Each repetition is folded in three α-helices in a ‘coiled-coil’ assembly. Mutations in the DMD gene leads to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker (MDBs), which are accompanied by frequent plasma membrane ruptures, due to the loss or modification of dystrophin protein. There are very few structural data available concerning the central domain of dystrophin, which is subject to many mutations involved in DMD and BMD diseases. However, the description and the understanding to an atomic level of dystrophin structure and its interaction is essential for optimization of therapies. Given the impossibility to solve its structure by X-ray crystallography or NMR, structural data of the dystrophin central domain were acquired by small angles X-rays scattering (SAXS, Small Angles X-ray Scattering). This thesis presents the development of an innovative multi-scale approach combining experimental SAXS and in silico derived data, allowing the reconstruction of high-resolution models of dystrophin central domain fragments. Structural data were also obtained on a mutated dystrophin frequently observed in BMDs. Furthermore, we also mapped the interactions of the central domain with two of its majors functional partners, Filamentous actin and neuronal nitroxyde synthase (nNOS) and proposed models of the related macromolecular complexes. At long-term, all of these results will allow optimization of therapies for the treatment of muscular dystrophies
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Piper, Tony Andrew. "A study of the transfer of recombinant dystrophin genes into skeletal muscle cells." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286683.
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Snellman, Greta. "Boning up on Vitamin D : Observational Studies on Bone and Health." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ortopedi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-159873.
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The primary function of vitamin D in humans is to maintain sufficient circulating calcium concentrations. Low vitamin D levels could result in excessive calcium resorption from bone. Vitamin deficiency may therefore decrease bone mineral density (BMD), resulting in an increased risk of fracture. This thesis sought to determine the association between vitamin D intake and bone health and to estimate circulating levels of vitamin D optimal for bone health without increasing the risk for non-bone disease. Furthermore, the thesis assessed the difference in performance between common serum vitamin D assays and the genetic influence of vitamin D status. In prospective population-based cohorts, blood concentrations <40 nmol/L (lowest 5%) increased the risk of fracture in elderly men. Low levels were further associated with a slight decrease in lumbar spine BMD. Both high (>98 nmol/L) and low (<46 nmol/L) vitamin D levels were associated with higher cancer and overall mortality. In another cohort, also of older men and women, no association was found between vitamin D levels and fracture. Low vitamin D levels were weakly associated with decreased total body BMD in men but not in women. Dietary intake of vitamin D over a 20-year period in more than 60,000 Swedish women was not associated with osteoporosis or fracture, regardless of calcium intake. During summer, dietary vitamin D intake and other life style habits are of minor importance for the variation in vitamin D levels relative to sun exposure and genes. In summer time, genes explain about half of the variation in vitamin D levels, but none of the variance in winter time. The variability between vitamin D assays was substantial. Three assays classified 8, 22 and 43% of the same study population as vitamin D insufficient if <50 nmol/L was set as the insufficiency level. Based on the results in this thesis, low 25(OH)D levels and low dietary vitamin D intake are not a major cause of fractures in community-dwelling elderly Swedish women and men. Differences in assay performance and potential negative health outcomes of high 25(OH)D levels need to be considered.
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Liu, Ning. "Bayesian Nonresponse Models for the Analysis of Data from Small Areas: An Application to BMD and Age in NHANES III." Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0428103-145502/.
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Franta, Oliver. "Tibial or hip BMD predict clinical fracture risk equally well : results from a prospective study in 700 elderly Swiss women /." Bern : [s.n.], 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000279089.
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zhou, jingran. "a Bayesian test of independence of two categorical variables obtianed from a small area : an application to BMD and BMI." Digital WPI, 2011. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1129.
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"Scientists usually need to understand the extent of the association of two attributes, and the data are typically presented in two-way categorical tables. In science, the chi-squared test is routinely used to analyze data from such tables. However, in many applications the chi-squared test can be defective. For example, when the sample size is small, the chi-squared test may not be applicable. The terms small area" and local area" are commonly used to denote a small geographical area, such as a county. If a survey has been carried out, the sample size within any particular small area may be too small to generate accurate estimates from the data, and a chi-squared test may be invalid (i.e., expected frequencies in some cells of the table are less than ?ve). To deal with this problem we use Bayesian small area estimation. Because it is used toorrow strength" from related or similar areas. It enhances the information of each area with common exchangeable information. We use a Bayesian model to estimate a Bayes factor to test the independence of the two variables. We apply the model to test for the independence between bone mineral density (BMD) and body mass index (BMI) from 31 counties and we compare the results with a direct Bayes factor test. We have also obtained numerical and sampling errors; both the numerical and sampling errors of our Bayes factor are small. Our model is shown to be much less sensitive to the speci?cation of the prior distribution than the direct Bayes factor test which is based on each area only."
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Abdelfadiel, Omer Alawad Homaida. "The clinical characteristics, complications and treatment outcomes of patients with osteoporosis at Groote Schuur Hospital." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33616.
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Background: Osteoporosis has become a major problem worldwide as the population ages. An osteoporotic fracture is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Data on the prevalence, risk factors and outcome of osteoporotic fractures in South Africa remains sparse. Method: A retrospective audit was undertaken in all patients attending the Endocrine Clinic at Groote Schuur Hospital between March 2019 and March 2020 for the treatment of osteoporosis. Patients folders were reviewed to obtain the following information: demographic data, risk factors, laboratory investigations, treatment, baseline and follow up DEXA scans. Results: 264 patients were evaluated, average age 65.7 ± 12.3 years, 92.8% (n=245) were female. Common risk factors included smoking (50.8%, n=134), vitamin D deficiency (29.2%, n=77), steroid use (21.6%, n=57) and primary hyperparathyroidism (15.2%, n=40). A fragility fracture was diagnosed in 68.6% (n=181) - vertebral only (54.7%, n=99), hip only (14.9%, n=27), vertebral and hip (10.5%, n=19), wrist (7.2%, n=13) and other (12.7%, n=23). Bisphosphonates were used by 75% (n=198) of patients at the time of enrolment. Of these, 80.8% (n=160) received intravenous zoledonic acid alone, 6.1% (n=12) received oral alendronate alone and 13.1% (n=26) initially received alendronate followed by intravenous zoledronic acid. Over 5.2 years there was an improvement in bone mineral density (BMD) of 4.4% at the lumbar spine, while there was slight worsening of BMD at the femoral neck (- 0.17%). A fracture whilst on treatment occurred in 10.6% (n=21) of patients. Conclusion: The majority of patients with osteoporosis at Groote Schuur Hospital had a fragility fracture at diagnosis with a vertebral fracture being most common. Bisphosphonate treatment showed a measurable improvement in BMD at the lumbar spine, however, there was no improvement at the femoral neck. Despite this, few patients had a symptomatic vertebral or hip fracture whilst on treatment.
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Olson, Jordan T. "Changes in bone mineral density of collegiate middle distance and long distance runners across an indoor season." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1469096419.
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Haideri, Sharmin Shabbir. "Embryonic stem cell derived macrophages as a model for studying liver fibrosis and a potential source of cells for therapy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28848.
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The difference between the number of patients needing transplantation for chronic liver disease and the number of organ donors is growing, drawing attention to the urgent requirement for novel therapies. Chronic liver injury is commonly caused by viral hepatitis, alcohol consumption, obesity and metabolic disorders. Prolonged liver injury leads to fibrosis, hepatic scarring and eventually cirrhosis. This project is based on previous studies demonstrating the therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) in a murine model of liver fibrosis. BMDM facilitated fibrosis regression and improved liver regeneration. Pro-resolution macrophages exhibited increased expression of MMPs, growth factors and phagocytosis-related genes. However, macrophages derived from bone marrow are inherently heterogeneous and difficult to genetically manipulate. To overcome this limitation, our laboratory has established a protocol whereby pure populations of macrophages can be produced in significant numbers from murine embryonic stem cells (ESC) in vitro, providing an essentially limitless source of macrophages. The first goal of this project was to compare macrophages derived from ESCs (ESDM) with classical BMDM. ESDM displayed characteristic macrophage morphology, could be activated and responded to different cytokines in vitro, and were functionally phagocytic. However, they displayed some differences in their gene expression profile, and were found to be less phagocytic than BMDM. We then assessed whether ESDM could be used in the treatment of a murine model of hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride administration. ESDM therapy helped in the regression of liver fibrosis, down-regulated the number of fibrogenic myofibroblasts, and activated liver progenitor cells. However, a higher number of ESDM compared to BMDMs were required to exert that effect. To assess whether ESDM may be similar to yolk sac derived tissue-resident macrophages, rather than monocyte-derived, we compared their behaviour in a Kupffer cell repopulation assay. Macrophages were depleted using liposomal clodronate treatment then animals were transplanted with either ESDM or BMDM. We demonstrated that ESDM were more efficient than BMDM at repopulating the Kupffer cell compartment and reversing the effects of liposomal clodronate treatment in mice. It is well known that macrophages are very difficult to genetically modify. So our strategy was to genetically modify ESC and then differentiate them to macrophages that carry the modification. By genetically modifying ESCs, we attempted to produce pro-fibrolytic ESDM that over-express MMP12 which is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family of genes that mainly degrades elastin, an extracellular matrix component. We initially employed a Tet-On 3G expression system to create an ESC line where MMP12 could be expressed in an inducible manner in differentiated macrophages. However, although this inducible strategy functioned in undifferentiated ESCs we could not induce the expression of MMP12 in differentiated macrophages. In an attempt to overcome possible gene-silencing issues, we designed and constructed an expression strategy such that Mmp12 was expressed specifically in macrophages. The ESC line was built such that Mmp12 expression would be driven by the promoter of macrophage colony stimulating factor-1 receptor gene (Csf-1r or c-fms). Using the CRISPR/Cas9 strategy, we successfully targeted the Mmp12 cDNA to the Csf-1r locus but ESDM that were differentiated from targeted ESC lines did not express Mmp12. Thus, despite having adopted two independent strategies, we have failed to generate genetically modified macrophages. As a first step to translate the therapeutic effects of macrophages into the clinical setting, we optimized a feeder- and serum-free protocol to efficiently generate macrophages from human induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Nishii, Kenichiro. "MICRO-SCALE FLUID DYNAMICS AND ITS EFFECT ON HEPATIC PROGENITOR CELL REGENERATION ACTIVATION." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1461945701.
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Repass, Lawrence M. "Optimal stationing of radar pickets and anti-ballistic missile defenders for long range surveillance and tracking (LRSandT) and ballistic missile defense (BMD) operations." Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10158.
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We describe major enhancements to the missile defense planning aid "JOINT DEFENDER" (JDEF). JDEF is the first system that shows how to evaluate and exploit new and anticipated improvements in interceptors, long-range surveillance and tracking capabilities, networked communications, and the ability of detecting platforms to cue intercepting ones downrange. We want to improve system-wide effectiveness, gauged here by the reduction of expected damage inflicted. We defend an asset list (DAL) of targets, characterized by their locations and values to us. Our defenders include pure "LOOKERs," radars and sensors of enemy missile launches, and "SHOOTERs," platforms with means to both detect and intercept enemy launches. JDEF optimally positions platforms that can be moved, and prescribes what each platform should do. JDEF can estimate the value to either opponent of secrecy, deception, or intelligence. JDEF is the only missile defense planning system using formal optimization. Among many advantages this conveys, JDEF is able to unambiguously quantify the difference among disparate plans. Although the JDEF planner can manually control any detail, the planner is well advised to let optimization suggest where to start.
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Jimenez, Jesus. "Why not extended deterrence from Romania? U.S. phased adaptive approach (EPAA) and NATO's ballastic defense (BMD) site at Deveselu Air Base in Romania." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10625.
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In September 2011, the United States and Romania signed the cooperative anti-missile agreement for the United States to build, operate, and maintain ballistic missile defense (BMD) system elements at Deveselu Air Base, the previously confirmed selection for the Romanian site of Phase II of the so-called European Phased Adaptive Approach (EPAA). The plans envision Deveselu Air Base hosting land-based Standard Missile-3 (SM-3) interceptors by 2015, as part of the Aegis Ashore (AA) System. This vision is important because the United States, Romania, and other NATO allies face ballistic missile threats, particularly amid the increasingly unsettled situation in the Middle East. The EPAA also marks a major development in the broader context of policy and strategy, both within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and between NATO and other states in the regions, as NATO and the United States thereby both significantly extend deterrence in expanding their BMD reach. This thesis tests how the plans for the deployment of U.S. BMD system elements in Romania reflect and support the U.S. and trans-Atlantic Alliance strategic purposes and what the political significance of this deployment is in U.S.-Romanian relations, in U.S. relations with other NATO allies and in the Alliance as a whole, and in U.S.-Russian and NATO-Russian relations.
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Lee, Hojun. "ONTOLOGY-BASED DATA FUSION WITHIN A NET-CENTRIC INFORMATION EXCHANGE FRAMEWORK." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193779.
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With the advent of Network-Centric Warfare (NCW) concepts, Command and Control (C2) Systems need efficient methods for communicating between heterogeneous systems. To extract or exchange various levels of information within the networks requires interoperability between human and machine as well as between machine and machine. This dissertation explores the Information Exchange Framework (IEF) concept of distributed data fusion sensor networks in Network-centric environments. It is used to synthesize integrative battlefield pictures by combining the Battle Management Language (BML) and System Entity Structure (SES) ontology framework for C2 systems. The SES is an ontology framework that can facilitate information exchange in a network environment. From the perspective of the SES framework, BML serves to express pragmatic frames, since it can specify the information desired by a consumer in an unambiguous way. This thesis formulates information exchange in the SES ontology via BML and defines novel pruning and transformation processes of the SES to extract and fuse data into higher level representations. This supports the interoperability between human users and other sensor systems. The efficacy of such data fusion and exchange is illustrated with several battlefield scenario examples.A second intercommunication issue between sensor systems is how to ensure efficient and effective message passing. This is studied by using Cursor-on-Target (CoT), an effort to standardize a battlefield data exchange format. CoT regulates only a few essential data types as standard and has a simple and efficient structure to hold a wide range of message formats used in dissimilar military enterprises. This thesis adopts the common message type into radar sensor networks to manage the target tracking problem in distributed sensor networks.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed Information Exchange Framework for data fusion systems, we illustrate the approach in an air defense operation scenario using DEVS modeling and simulation. The examples depict basic air defense operation procedure. The demonstration shows that the information requested by a commander is delivered in the right way at the right time so that it can support agile decision making against threats.
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Perrella, Samuel Victor. "Legacy of the Bear: How Contemporary Russia-NATO Tensions Have Been Shaped by Soviet Politico- Military Security Considerations and the Fall of the Soviet Union." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1084.
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The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the root causes of Russia’s recent aggressive regionalism. Russia’s revival and corresponding military, political, and informational offensives have shaken European security in a way few thought it was capable of following the USSR’s dissolution and Russia’s subsequent fall into ineptitude. At first glance, this shift in Russia’s posture appears to come as a result of an uptick in nationalism driven by the chauvinistic revanchism of its leader, Vladimir Putin. However, this thesis finds that the eastward expansion of NATO’s membership and transition to a more offensive force posture, augmented by the placement of missile defense infrastructure in Europe, has contributed to a Russian impression of besiegement and corresponding sense that its security and sovereignty are threatened. Russia’s perception that NATO is acting to replace Russia in its perceived sphere of influence has been shaped by the fall of the Soviet Union and Soviet security considerations.
This thesis recommends that, to prevent the further deterioration of the relationship between Russia and the West, the following policies should be enacted. First, NATO should reestablish relations with Russia and partner with it on the European ballistic missile defense shield as a confidence building measure. Second, NATO should halt the eastward expansion of its traditional collective security membership and instead rely on NATO’s Partnership for Peace program to support democratization efforts in the former Eastern Bloc. While these policies cannot eliminate the historical context that the NATO-Russia relationship is shaped by, they can serve as the beginning of a shift away from mutual antagonism by defusing tensions between NATO and Russia.
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Repass, Lawrence M. "Optimal stationing of radar pickets and anti-ballistic missile defenders for long range surveillance and tracking (LRS & T) and ballistic missile defense (BMD) operations." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Sep%5FRepass.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Gerald Brown. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-52). Also available in print.
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Binias, Cindy. "Epizootiologie et contribution à la caractérisation de l'agent infectieux de la maladie du muscle marron, une pathologie émergente de la palourde japonaise, Venerupis philippinarum." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949926.
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Seconde espèce de mollusque bivalve la plus exploitée au monde, la palourde japonaise Venerupis philippinarum représente un intérêt économique majeur. A l'échelle du bassin d'Arcachon, la maladie du muscle marron ou BMD (pour Brown Muscle Disease), pathologie émergente découverte en 2005 inquiète tout particulièrement le secteur de la pêche. Cette pathologie affecte le muscle adducteur postérieur de la palourde et perturbe l'ouverture-fermeture des valves. Cette perturbation entraine la remontée des individus à la surface du sédiment et la mort.Ces travaux de thèse ont porté d'une part sur l'épizootiologie de la maladie et son impact sur l'hôte et d'autre part sur l'identification de l'agent responsable de la maladie.Une étude sur la distribution des palourdes dans le bassin d'Arcachon (littoral Atlantique français) montre que la prévalence de la BMD a diminué entre 2010 et 2012. Toutefois cette baisse ne concerne pas les individus ayant atteint la taille légale de pêche (> 35mm). De plus, la maladie semble apparaitre chez des individus de plus en plus petit et risque donc d'accroitre la mortalité aux plus jeunes stades. L'analyse des facteurs environnementaux impliqués dans la distribution de la maladie souligne la corrélation entre la prévalence de la BMD et un hydrodynamisme relativement " calme ".La BMD affecte tout particulièrement le métabolisme énergétique de l'hôte, les mécanismes de réponse au stress oxydant et également le système immunitaire. De nombreuses fonctions sont surexprimées chez les hôtes malades mais d'autres voies comme celle de l'apoptose sont régulées négativement par l'agent infectieux.Si l'origine virale est maintenant une hypothèse solide (microscopie électronique, transcriptomique), la nature exacte de l'agent étiologique (famille virale) ne peut à ce jour être déterminée avec certitude. Des particules virales ont bien été observées dans les tissus malades mais pas dans les tissus sains, et ont pu être purifiées sur gradient de sucrose. Toutefois, les essais pour provoquer la maladie chez des individus sains ont échoué.
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Delisle, Mantienne Juliette. "Étude de la différenciation de cellules souches hépatiques en cellules productrices d’insuline : effets de la transduction des protéines Pdx-1 ou Pdx-1-VP16 dans les lignées cellulaires WB et BMEL." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2007.
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Une approche thérapeutique du diabète de type I consiste à développer des sources alternatives de cellules ß afin d’en disposer en quantité non limitante en vue de leur transplantation. Du fait de l’origine endodermique et de propriétés physiologiques communes avec les cellules ß, les cellules hépatiques sont des bonnes candidates. Dans ces cellules, la surexpression du gène codant pour Pdx-1, facteur clé du développement pancréatique et de la fonction ß, induit leur conversion en cellules productrices d’insuline. La fusion de Pdx-1 à l’activateur viral VP16 renforce cette action. Par ailleurs, la protéine Pdx-1 contient un peptide de transduction (PTD) lui permettant de traverser les membranes. L’objectif de cette étude a été d’évaluer les effets de la transduction des protéines Pdx-1 ou Pdx-1-VP16 sur la différenciation de deux lignées de cellules souches hépatiques, WB et BMEL, en cellules productrices d’insuline. Nous avons produit les protéines Pdx-1(-VP16) et vérifié leur capacité de transduction ainsi que leur fonctionnalité. Puis, nous avons montré que les protéines Pdx-1(-VP16) couplées à un milieu riche en glucose engagent les cellules WB, mais pas les cellules BMEL, vers un phénotype pancréatique endocrine ß. Une autre approche consistant à inhiber l’expression de Hes1, un facteur limitant la différenciation pancréatique endocrine exprimé par les BMEL, n’a pas permis d’orienter ces cellules vers un phénotype ß. Le traitement par la protéine Pdx-1 ou Pdx-1-VP16 pourrait donc constituer, sous certaines conditions, un nouvel outil pour générer des cellules productrices d’insuline à partir de cellules hépatiques ainsi qu’une alternative à la thérapie géniqueA new approach of type I diabetes therapy consists in developing alternative and renewable sources of transplantable ß cells. As liver and pancreas share endodermal origin and physiological properties, hepatic cells seem to be suitable candidates. Overexpression of the gene coding for Pdx-1, a key factor of pancreatic development and ß cell function, induces conversion of hepatic cells into insulin-producing cells. Fusion of Pdx-1 to the potent viral activator VP16 enhances this action. Furthermore, Pdx-1 contains a Protein Transduction Domain (PTD) enabling it to cross membranes. The aim of our study was to evaluate effects of Pdx-1 or Pdx-1-VP16 protein transduction on liver-to-ß-like cell conversion in two hepatic stem cell lines i. E. WB and BMEL cells. First, we produced Pdx-1(-VP16) recombinant proteins and checked their transduction and functionality. Then we proved that Pdx-1(-VP16) protein transduction in conjunction with high glucose culture induces ß-like cell commitment in WB cells, but not in BMEL cells. Repression of Hes1, a factor expressed in BMEL cells which hampers endocrine specification, did not direct these cells towards a pancreatic fate. In particular conditions, Pdx-1 or Pdx-1-VP16 protein treatment may be instrumental for in vitro liver-to-pancreas conversion and represents an alternative to gene therapy for ß cell engineering for cell therapy of diabetes
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Azage, Meron Y. B. S. "Fracture Rates in Adults with Neurofibromatosis Type 1." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337352142.
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Guilbaud, Marine. "Identification d'ARNs non-codants impliqués dans les dystrophinopathies." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS042/document.
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Les dystrophies musculaires de Duchenne (DMD) et de Becker (BMD) sont dues à des mutations dans le gène DMD codant la Dystrophine. De nombreux aspects des mécanismes pathophysiologiques de ces maladies ne sont pas encore expliqués. Nous nous sommes intéressés à l'étude d'ARN non-codants pouvant participer à ces processus. Une première étude a été centrée sur l’identification de micro-ARNs (miARNs) impliqués dans la régulation de l’oxyde nitrique synthase neuronale (nNOS) une protéine partenaire de la Dystrophine et associée à des caractéristiques de ces pathologies telles que la fatigabilité musculaire. 617 miARNs ont été criblés par Taqman Low Density Array dans des muscles de sujets sains et de patients BMDdel45-55. 4 miARNs candidats ont été sélectionnés de cette étude pour leur surexpression chez les patients BMDdel45-55 et leur capacité théorique à cibler nNOS. Des expériences de modulation de l’expression de ces miARNs dans des myoblastes humains sains ou dystrophiques nous ont permis d’identifier que le miR-708-5p et le miR-34-5p pouvaient cibler nNOS et moduler son expression.Un deuxième axe a été mené sur l’étude des longs ARNs non-codants (lncARNs). Les introns 44 et 55, qui bornent les exons 45 à 55 délétés chez les patients BMDdel45-55, sont de grandes régions contenant des lncARNs décrits comme régulant la Dystrophine. Les points de cassure introniques des mutations de ces patients n’étant pas décrites, nous avons supposé l’existence de profils de lncARNs différents. L’analyse de l’ADN de ces patients montre en effet des profils de lncARNs différents, révélant ainsi l’importance d’une étude plus précise des zones de délétion des patients BMDdel45-55Duchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) muscular dystrophies are due to mutations in DMD gene, encoding Dystrophin. Many aspects of pathophysiological mechanisms of these diseases are not yet well understood. We were interested in the study of non-coding RNAs that could be involved in these pathological processes. A first study focused on micro-RNAs (miRNAs) that could modulate expression of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), a partner of Dystrophin which is linked to pathological features as muscular fatigability. 617 miRNAs were screened by Taqman Low Density Array in muscle biopsies of healthy subjects or BMDdel45-55 patients. 4 candidate miRNAs were selected from this study since they were overexpressed in BMDdel45-55 patients and for their theoretical ability to target nNOS. Experiments modulating the expression of these miRNAs in healthy or dystrophic human myoblasts enabled us to identify that miR-708-5p and miR-34-5p could target nNOS and modulate its expression.A second axis was conducted on long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Introns 44 and 55, which bound exons 45-55 deleted in BMDdel45-55 patients, are large regions containing lncRNAs described as regulating Dystrophin. Since intronic breakpoints of DMD mutations of these pateints were not described, we have assumed the existence of different profiles of lncRNAs. DNA analysis of these patients actually showed different lncRNAs profiles, thus revealing the significance of a more precise analysis of deletion areas in DMD gene of BMDdel45-55 patients
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Lazarinis, Stergios. "Form and Finish of Implants in Uncemented Hip Arthroplasty : Effects of Different Shapes and Surface Treatments on Implant Stability." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ortopedi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-185299.
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The design of an uncemented hip arthroplasty implant affects its long-term survival. Characteristics such as the form and the finish of the implant are crucial in order to achieve the best possible conditions for long-term implant survival. In this thesis we hypothesized that different shapes of stems and cups used in primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA), and their finish with hydroxyapatite (HA) coating affect implant stability and thus long-term survival. In 2 prospective cohort studies the clinical outcome, the stability measured with radiostereometric analysis (RSA), and the periprosthetic changes in bone mineral density (BMD) measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were investigated in 2 uncemented THA implants – the CFP stem and the TOP cup. In 3 register studies the effect of HA coating on uncemented THA implants used in primary and revision arthroplasty was investigated. Both implants investigated in the prospective cohort studies showed an excellent short-term clinical outcome with good primary stability, but neither their novel form nor the finish with HA protected the implants from the proximal periprosthetic demineralization that usually occurs around other uncemented THA implants. The register studies revealed that HA coating on cups used in primary and revision THA is a risk factor for subsequent revision of the implant. The use of HA coating on the stem in primary THA did not affect long-term survival. Additionally, the shape of an implant plays a crucial role for implant stability and survival. In conclusion, this thesis highlights that the finish of implants with HA coating does not prevent periprosthetic proximal femoral bone loss and can even enhance the risk of revision of both primary and secondary cups. Importantly, the shape of uncemented THA implants affect their stability, showing that the implant form is a crucial factor for the long-term survival.
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Tayar, Giullianna [UNESP]. "Avaliação genética de pacientes com osteoporose." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92504.
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A osteoporose é uma doença metabólica, que se caracteriza por baixa massa e deterioração do tecido ósseo, conduzindo à fragilidade do osso com conseqüente aumento do risco de fraturas. O início da doença é influenciado por uma complexa interação entre fatores genéticos e ambientais, que pode afetar diferentemente os indivíduos. Por essa razão, faz-se necessário o estudo dos polimorfismos dos genes associados ao metabolismo ósseo, como os do Receptor para Vitamina D (VDR) e da Apolipoproteína E (APOE), além dos envolvidos no biometabolismo de agentes ambientais, como as Glutatião-S-Transferases (GSTs). Foram estudados 53 pacientes, homens e mulheres, com osteoporose e ou osteopenia, pareados por sexo e faixa etária com um grupo controle. O DNA foi extraído de leucócitos de sangue periférico e amplificado por Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). Os polimorfismos GSTM1 e GSTT1 foram analisados em gel de agarose 2%, enquanto os da APOE e VDR foram submetidos à restrição enzimática com as enzimas Hha I e Fok I, respectivamente, seguido da análise em gel de poliacrilamida 6%, corados com brometo de etídeo e visualizados em luz UV. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada, utilizando-se o teste t, teste de Fisher, a regressão multivariada e o teste de equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg. O genótipo nulo (0/0) de GSTM1 mostrou-se significantemente mais freqüente nos pacientes (64,1%) comparado ao dos controles (37,7%; P= 0,00112). Por outro lado, pacientes e controles não diferiram quanto à presença (+/+) e ausência (0/0) do gene GSTT1 (P=0,5328). A distribuição genotípica do polimorfismo VDR – Fok I revelou freqüência significantemente aumentada do genótipo ff nos pacientes (22,6%; P=0,0078). Para o gene da APOE, o alelo e3 foi significantemente mais freqüente nos controles (0,85; P=0,0431), enquanto...
Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease characterized by low body mass and bone deterioration, leading to bone fragility with the consequent increase of fractures risk. The disease onset is influenced by a complex interaction between genetic, and environment factors that can affect differently the individuals’ response. Therefore, the study of polymorphisms regarding the genes involved in bone metabolism is of upgrade necessity, such as the Vitamin D Receptor gene (VDR), Apolipoprotein E (APOE), besides the genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, it means, the Glutathion-S-Transferases (GSTs). We have studied 53 patients, men and women, with osteoporosis and/or osteopenia, matched by gender and age with a control group. The DNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes and amplified through Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR). GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms were analyzed in 2% agarose gel, while APOE, and VDR had been submitted to enzymatic restriction with Hha I and Fok I enzymes, respectively, followed by the analysis in 6% polyacrilamide gel, stained with ethidium bromide and visualized under UV light. The statistic analysis was carried on using test t, test of Fisher, the multi-varied regression and the test of Hardy-Weinberg balance. The GSTM1 null genotype (0/0) was significantly more frequent in patients (64.1%) compared to the controls (37.7%; P= 0.00112). On the other hand, patients, and controls did not differ concerning the presence (++) and absence (0/0) of GSTT1 gene (P=0.5328). The genotypic distribution of VDR –Fok I polymorphism showed a significantly increased frequency of the genotype ff in patients (22.6%; P=0.0078). For the APOE, the allele e3 was significantly more frequent in controls (0.85; P=0.0431), while the allele e4 was in patients (0.20; P=0.0075). The genotype...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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King, Maggie Marie. "The vertical jump test as a health promotion screening tool for predicting bone strength in young adults." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3118.
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Osteoporosis is one of the most common diseases experienced in the older adult population. This condition is not only costly to manage and treat, particularly so when osteoporotic fractures occur, but also negatively impacts functional health and health-related quality of life for many individuals. This indicates the need for more to be done to prevent osteoporosis from developing initially. While bone mineral density (BMD) testing recommendations are in place for women aged 65 and older and men aged 70 and older to diagnose osteoporosis, there currently are no BMD testing recommendations for preventive or screening purposes in the general, healthy, adult population. One potential screening tool for bone strength is a peak vertical jump test. Peak vertical jump height can be used as a proxy for lower body muscle power, which has been identified as an influential factor in determining bone mass and geometry, both of which are critical aspects of bone strength. This study ascertained the relationship between muscle power and bone strength, as well as the capacity of a peak vertical jump test to identify young adults with below-average areal BMD (aBMD).
A total of 303 young adults (18 to 22 years, n=136 males, n=167 females) participated in these cross-sectional analyses. DXA was used to assess aBMD for total hip and femoral neck, and DXA images were used to calculate femoral neck section modulus (FN Z) values. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) was used to assess indices of bone strength at the tibia. Cortical bone area (CoA) and density-weighted polar section modulus strength-strain index (SSIp) were assessed at the 38% midshaft site, and bone strength index (BSI) was assessed at the 4% midshaft site. Lower body muscle power was predicted using peak vertical jump height and the Sayers et al. (1999) equation. Data were analyzed using Pearson bivariate and partial correlations to examine associations among bone strength outcomes and muscle power. Logistic regression was used to examine the probability of below-average bone strength based on muscle power. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to show the tradeoff between sensitivity and specificity and to display the accuracy of a peak vertical jump test as an assessment tool for aBMD. Logistic regression indicated the odds ratio of below-average height-adjusted femoral neck aBMD decreased 5.4% for females and 3.6% for males per 50 Watts of power. ROC curve analysis showed the best sensitivity-specificity trade-off for identifying individuals with and without below-average aBMD was 5,038 Watts in males (sensitivity = 73.7%; specificity = 62.4%; AUC = 0.709, 95%CI = 0.572 - 0.847) and 3,261 Watts in females (sensitivity = 71.4%; specificity = 58.9%; AUC = 0.708, 95%CI = 0.586 - 0.829). These cut off values correspond to a vertical jump height of 54.39 cm and 36.16 cm for males and females, respectively. Taken together, the results of these analyses suggest acceptable sensitivity and specificity and moderate discriminate ability for using a measure of muscle power, assessed with a peak vertical jump test, to identify young adults with below-average aBMD.
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Holz, Sarah [Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Uder, Michael [Gutachter] Uder, and Wolfgang [Gutachter] Wüst. "Opportunistisches Osteoporosescreening mittels asynchroner Kalibrierung von CT-Daten: Einfluss von CT-Scannerparameter und Kontrastmittelgabe auf die Knochenmineraldichte (BMD) / Sarah Holz ; Gutachter: Michael Uder, Wolfgang Wüst ; Betreuer: Michael Uder." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2019. http://d-nb.info/1200210883/34.
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Tardy, Antoine. "Limites et potentiels de la polymérisation radicalaire par ouverture de cycle pour la synthèse de polyesters." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4714/document.
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La Polymérisation Radicalaire par Ouverture de Cycle (R-ROP) est une méthode de synthèse de polymères contenant des fonctions chimiques de choix dans le squelette carboné grâce à un mécanisme d'addition-fragmentation. L'utilisation de monomères spécifiques, les Acétals Cétènes Cycliques (CKA), permet dans certaines conditions l'obtention de polyesters aliphatiques dont la propriété de (bio)dégradation présente de nombreuses applications. Cette méthode relativement peu étudiée depuis les années 1980 présente un fort potentiel mais également de nombreuses limites. Ce travail de thèse a consisté à comprendre l'origine de ces limites pour tenter d'y apporter des solutions, grâce à une approche combinée expérience-théorie.Nous avons montré que l'obtention exclusive de polyesters découle d'une compétition cinétique et que le comportement des différents monomères s'explique par des interactions orbitalaires dépendant de la géométrie, la flexibilité et la substitution des cycles. D'autre part, nous avons mis en évidence l'extrême difficulté de propagation des monomères propageant via des radicaux stabilisés par des cycles aromatiques. Cette faible réactivité inhérente à la double liaison riche en électrons des CKA est également la cause de l'incorporation restreinte des monomères cycliques en copolymérisation avec des monomères vinyliques usuels. La rationalisation de la copolymérisation a été mise à profit pour réaliser des copolymérisations de type statistique et alternée. Enfin, l'étude du contrôle de la R-ROP par les nitroxydes a montré la présence de réactions secondaires propres à ce système et permettant actuellement un contrôle partiel de la polymérisationThe Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization (R-ROP) is a synthetic pathway to introduce chemical functions into a polymer backbone due to an addition-fragmentation mechanism. Using specific monomers like Cyclic Ketene Acetals (CKA) in the right conditions allows preparing aliphatic polyesters which have numerous applications thanks to their (bio)degradability. This method has been quite faintly investigated since the 1980s and even if it has a great potential, it suffers of numerous limitations. This PhD work consisted in the understanding of those limitations to try bringing solutions to them, with a combined approach of experiments and theory.We first demonstrated that the exclusive preparation of polyesters comes from a kinetic competition. The behavior of the distinct monomers is explained by orbital interactions depending on the geometry, flexibility and substitution of the cycles. Then, we highlighted the extremely difficult propagation of the monomers propagating with stabilized aromatic radicals. This low reactivity inherent to the electron-rich double link of the CKAs is also the cause of low polyester introduction during the copolymerization with usual vinyl monomers. We took advantage of the CKA copolymerization rationalization to realize statistical and alternate copolymerizations. At last, the study of the nitroxide mediated R-ROP demonstrated the occurrence of side reactions characteristic of this system that allow at present a partial control of the polymerization
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Tervo, Taru. "Physical activity, bone gain and sustainment of peak bone mass." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-26928.
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Lemmon, Heber. "Methods for reduced platen compression (RPC) test specimen cutting locations using micro-CT and planar radiographs." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/310.
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Lukas, Carolin. "Modeling the influence of bone mineralization and remodeling on the structure of bone." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16648.
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Die Struktur des Knochenmaterials wird während des gesamten Lebens durch dynamische Prozessen verändert. Diese sind der Umbauprozess, bei dem existierendes Material entfernt und durch neues, vorerst weiches ersetzt wird. In dieses weiche Material wird im sog. Mineralisierungsprozess Mineral eingelagert und somit die Steifigkeit erhöht. Diese zwei Prozesse führen zu einem heterogenen Knochenmaterial. Das komplexe Zusammenspiel kann durch Knochenkrankheiten beeinflusst werden und zu einem mechanischen Versagen des Materials führen. Wie viel Einfluss dabei allein dem Umbauprozess und dem Mineralisierungsprozess zuzuschreiben sind, konnte bislang nicht geklärt werden. An diese Fragestellungen wird in der vorliegenden Dissertation mit physikalischen und numerischen Methoden herangegangen. Das heterogene Material ist das Ergebnis des Mineralisierungs- und Umbauprozesses und wird abkürzend BMDD (für bone mineralization density distribution) genannt, die für alle gesunden Menschen gleich ist und bei Knochenkrankheiten davon abweicht. Mittels Modellierung wird eine Störung in der Mineralisierung simuliert, die zu Verschiebungen in der BMDD führt. Diese Verschiebungen können verglichen werden mit einem veränderten Umbauprozess. Der unterschiedliche Einfluss der beiden Prozesse liegt im zeitlichen Verlauf. Die Mineralisierungskinetik im Knochen konnte durch die neuartige Auswertung von 3D in vivo micro-CT-Bildern von Mäusen erstmals quantifiziert werden. Die Auswertung bestätigte, die schnellere Mineralisierung im neugeformten und die langsamere in bereits vorhandenem Knochen. Wie der Umbauprozess im kompakten Knochen gesteuert sein kann, wurde mittels Anordnungsmechanismen der Osteone beschrieben. Für einen solchen Knochenbaustein war es verboten innerhalb einer definierten Zone eines anderen Bausteins gebildet zu werden. Diese Zone ließ sich am besten durch einen normalverteilten Radius, mit einer dazugehörigen Variabilität beschreiben.The structure of the bone material is continuously changed during the life by dynamic processes. These are the remodeling process during which the existing material is replaced by new, initially soft material. In this soft material mineral is incorporated during the so called mineralization process, thus increasing the stiffness. These two processes lead to a heterogeneous bone material. Their interplay can be perturbed by bone diseases, which can lead to material failure. It remains unclear to which degree each of these two processes contributes during diseases. Yet, while the remodeling process is known to be mechanically controlled, it is unclear how mechanical stimuli affect the mineralization process. The heterogeneous mineral distribution in trabecular bone is the result of the complex interplay between the mineralization and the remodeling process and is called bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD). The BMDD is similar for all healthy adult humans. A deviation from this healthy distribution is indicative of bone diseases. With a mathematical model the influence of changed mineralization kinetics on the BMDD is investigated and compared to a remodeling change. The different influences lie in the time development. With a novel 3D analysis of in vivo micro-CT of the vertebra in a mouse tail the mineralization kinetics could be quantified for the first time. It could be e.g. shown that the bone is demineralized before it is completely resorbed. An algorithm was developed to understand how the remodeling process can be regulated. The arrangement of the building blocks could be described when such a block could only be placed within a defined zone of another building block. This zone could be best quantified when its radius was normally distributed with a corresponding standard deviation.
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Longchamps, Philippe. "Multilingual Immersion in Education for a Multidimensional Conceptualization of Knowledge: A Case Study of Bilingual Montessori School of Lund." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-33466.
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I denna studie undersöks hur Bilingual Montessori School of Lund (BMSL):sspråkbadsmetod kan ha en positiv påverkan på begreppsförståelse. Den fokuserar på detkomplexa sambandet mellan flerspråkig pedagogik och dess inverkan på begreppsförvärv.Genom att använda exempel från språkbadsmetoden, testar denna studie hypotesen attspråkbadspedagogik ger en icke försumbar effekt på kreativt tänkande, men viktigast av allt,på konceptualisering av ämnesmässiga innehåll. Genom en noggrann diskussion om vilkenmetod som används har en empirisk analys gjorts ur tre perspektiv: en teoretisk analys avlitteraturen i ämnet, en intervjustudie med fyra semi-strukturerade lärarintervjuer och enenkätstudie där fler än 80 elever mellan årskurs 7 och 9 fick i uppdrag att besvara en enkät för att testa några av de iakttagelser som gjorts av de intervjuade. Syftet med denna forskning är att ta fram en empirisk kvalitativ innehållsanalys baserad på exempel från de intervjuades påståenden och därigenom utveckla en djupare förståelse om begreppsförvärv och hur detta yttrar sig i en stimulerande flerspråkig undervisningsmiljö. Vidare är syftet med denna studie att fastställa om BMSL okonventionella språkbadspedagogiks påverkan på begreppsförvärv kan vara orsaken till skolans höga poäng i de svenska nationella proven i matematik, engelska, svenska, NO och SO i årskurs 9 under de senaste åren. Analysen har lett till slutsatsen att flerspråkiga pedagogiska metoder som BMSL:s språkbadsmetod kan ha en mycket positiv inverkan på elevernas förmåga att tillgodogöra sig begrepp. Analysen hardessutom genererat nya hypoteser som kan utgöra grund för ytterligare fördjupande forskning inom specifika ämnen såsom språkbadsmetodens inverkan på elevens kreativitet,demokratisering av klassrummet, interkulturell medvetenhet och kognitiv utveckling. Denbidrar också till ett nytt kompetensutvecklingsperspektiv och samarbetsperspektiv för enpositiv utveckling av svenska läroplanens pedagogiska lärandemål.This research focuses on the complex relationship between multilingual immersionpedagogy and its impact on concept acquisition (begrepp). By using the example of BilingualMontessori School of Lund (BMSL)'s språkbad method, this study tests the hypothesis thatmultilingual immersion pedagogy produces a non-negligible impact on creative thinking, butmost importantly, on the conceptualization of topic-specific content. With a careful reflectionon the method used, an empirical analysis has been made from three perspectives: atheoretical analysis of the literature on the subject, an interview study with four semistructured interviews with teachers, and a survey-based study where more than 80 students in grades 7 to 9 were given the task of answering a questionnaire to test some of the observations made by the interviewees. The purpose of this research is to produce an empirical qualitative content analysis based on examples taken from the interviewees’testimonies to develop a deeper understanding about concept acquisition and the way itmanifests itself in a stimulating multilingual immersion teaching environment. Furthermore,the aim of this study is to establish if BMSL’s unconventional multilingual immersionpedagogy’s impact on concept acquisition can be the reason for the school’s outstandinglyhigh scores in the Swedish National Tests in Maths, English, Swedish, NO and SO in grade 9over the past few years. Nevertheless, the analysis led to the conclusion that multilingualimmersion methods like the BMSL språkbad method can have a very positive impact onstudents' ability to assimilate concepts, but also helped generate thesis-seeking rather thanthesis-supporting observations about its impact on the students’ creativity, classroomdemocratization, intercultural-awareness and cognitive development. It also highlights thepedagogical collaboration and competence development perspective promoted by theSwedish National Curriculum for Compulsory School Lgr 11.
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DeBoy, Christopher C., Paul D. Schwartz, and Richard K. Huebschman. "Midcourse Space Experiment Spacecraft and Ground Segment Telemetry Design and Implementation." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608390.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThis paper reviews the performance requirements that provided the baseline for development of the onboard data system, RF transmission system, and ground segment receiving system of the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) spacecraft. The onboard Command and Data Handling (C&DH) System was designed to support the high data outputs of the three imaging sensor systems onboard the spacecraft and the requirement for large volumes of data storage. Because of the high data rates, it was necessary to construct a dedicated X-band ground receiver system at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) and implement a tape recorder system for recording and downlinking sensor and spacecraft data. The system uses two onboard tape recorders to provide redundancy and backup capabilities. The storage capability of each tape recorder is 54 gigabits. The MSX C&DH System can record data at 25 Mbps or 5 Mbps. To meet the redundancy requirements of the high-priority experiments, the data can also be recorded in parallel on both tape recorders. To provide longer onboard recording, the data can also be recorded serially on the two recorders. The reproduce (playback) mode is at 25 Mbps. A unique requirement of the C&DH System is to multiplex and commutate the different output rates of the sensors and housekeeping signals into a common data stream for recording. The system also supports 1-Mbps real-time sensor data and 16-kbps real-time housekeeping data transmission to the dedicated ground site and through the U.S. Air Force Satellite Control Network ground stations. The primary ground receiving site for the telemetry is the MSX Tracking System (MTS) at APL. A dedicated 10-m X-band antenna is used to track the satellite during overhead passes and acquire the 25-Mbps telemetry downlinks, along with the 1-Mbps and 16-kbps real-time transmissions. This paper discusses some of the key technology trade-offs that were made in the design of the system to meet requirements for reliability, performance, and development schedule. It also presents some of the lessons learned during development and the impact these lessons will have on development of future systems.
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Hopkins, Susan Jane. "Disuse osteopenia : the short- and long-term effects of post-traumatic and post-surgical immobilisation following lower limb injury or total knee replacement." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13721.
Full textAbstract:
Low trauma hip fractures, due to bone fragility, are a major healthcare burden with serious consequences for individuals in terms of long-term morbidity and mortality; and also for society due to the high medical and care costs associated with these injuries. Because of the association with low bone mass, these fractures are particularly prevalent in elderly populations and are likely to become more common as longevity increases globally. Avoidance of these fractures is therefore an extremely important goal. Low bone mass, manifested in the conditions of osteopenia and osteoporosis, is the primary cause of bone fragility, and reductions in bone mass are the inevitable corollary of aging and menopause. Bone loss may be exacerbated by immobilisation and reduced weight-bearing activity, giving rise to the condition of disuse osteopenia. Immobilisation may itself be the result of low trauma leg fragility fractures that potentially causes further bone density loss. If this loss occurs at the hip, there is an increased risk for hip fracture as a sequela to the original injury. Osteoarthritis is also a condition strongly associated with aging that may necessitate knee arthroplasty as a last stage treatment, potentially causing a period of reduced mobility and weight-bearing activity following surgery. Leg fracture and knee replacement both present additional risk factors for hip fracture due to changes in muscle mass, gait and postural stability that may increase the risk of falls. This study aims primarily to investigate the effects of immobilisation on leg fracture and knee replacement patients, immediately following injury or surgery, in order to quantify bone and muscle loss and to monitor recovery over a one year period. A postmenopausal population were studied as they are already losing bone density systemically and may be at greater risk of further bone loss following immobilisation. Factors of activity, function, weight-bearing, pain, treatments, therapies, health perceptions and mental wellbeing, that potentially contribute to bone loss and recovery, were also investigated. Results from the study may provide information relating to increased future hip fracture risk and lead to treatment options to alleviate bone loss in these groups.
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Ranasinghe, Chathura P. "Development of combustion models for RANS and LES applications in SI engines." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12507.
Full textAbstract:
Prediction of flow and combustion in IC engines remains a challenging task. Traditional Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) methods and emerging Large Eddy Simulation (LES) techniques are being used as reliable mathematical tools for such predictions. However, RANS models have to be further refined to make them more predictive by eliminating or reducing the requirement for application based fine tuning. LES holds a great potential for more accurate predictions in engine related unsteady combustion and associated cycle-tocycle variations. Accordingly, in the present work, new advanced CFD based flow models were developed and validated for RANS and LES modelling of turbulent premixed combustion in SI engines. In the research undertaken for RANS modelling, theoretical and experimental based modifications have been investigated, such that the Bray-Moss-Libby (BML) model can be applied to wall-bounded combustion modelling, eliminating its inherent wall flame acceleration problem. Estimation of integral length scale of turbulence has been made dynamic providing allowances for spatial inhomogeneity of turbulence. A new dynamic formulation has been proposed to evaluate the mean flame wrinkling scale based on the Kolmogorov Pertovsky Piskunow (KPP) analysis and fractal geometry. In addition, a novel empirical correlation to quantify the quenching rates in the influenced zone of the quenching region near solid boundaries has been derived based on experimentally estimated flame image data. Moreover, to model the spark ignition and early stage of flame kernel formation, an improved version of the Discrete Particle Ignition Kernel (DPIK) model was developed, accounting for local bulk flow convection effects. These models were first verified against published benchmark test cases. Subsequently, full cycle combustion in a Ricardo E6 engine for different operating conditions was simulated. An experimental programme was conducted to obtain engine data and operating conditions of the Ricardo E6 engine and the formulated model was validated using the obtained experimental data. Results show that, the present improvements have been successful in eliminating the wall flame acceleration problem, while accurately predicting the in-cylinder pressure rise and flame propagation characteristics throughout the combustion period. In the LES work carried out in this research, the KIVA-4 RANS code was modified to incorporate the LES capability. Various turbulence models were implemented and validated in engine applications. The flame surface density approach was implemented to model the combustion process. A new ignition and flame kernel formation model was also developed to simulate the early stage of flame propagation in the context of LES. A dynamic procedure was formulated, where all model coefficients were locally evaluated using the resolved and test filtered flow properties during the fully turbulent phase of combustion. A test filtering technique was adopted to use in wall bounded systems. The developed methodology was then applied to simulate the combustion and associated unsteady effects in Ricardo E6 spark ignition engine at different operating conditions. Results show that, present LES model has been able to resolve the evolution of a large number of in-cylinder flow structures, which are more influential for engine performance. Predicted heat release rates, flame propagation characteristics, in-cylinder pressure rise and their cyclic variations are also in good agreement with measurements.